The University of Texas Publication 
No. 4327 July 15, 1943 
CONSTITUTION AND RULES 
of 
The University Interscholastic League 

Bureau of Public School Service 
Division of Extension 


PUBLISHED BY 
THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS 
AUSTIN 

Publications of The University of Texas 
PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE 
E. J. MATHEWS R. H. GRIFFITH 
C.F.ARROWOOD C.D.LEAKE 

D. CONEY A. SCHAFFER 
A. C. WRIGHT 
General Publications 
R. H. GRIFFITH H. R. HENZE LOUISE BAREKMAN A. SCHAFFER FREDERIC DUNCALF E. G. SMITH FREDERICK EBY M. J. THOMPSON 
Administrative Publications 
E. J. MATHEWS B. MCLAURIN 
C. F. ARROWOOD C. D. SIMMONS 
ROGER J. WILLIAMS 

The University publishes bulletins four times a month, so numbered that the first two digits of the number show the year of issue and the last two the position in the yearly series. (For example, No. 4301 is the first publication of the year 1943.) These bulletins comprise the official publica­tions of the University, publications on humanistic and scientific subjects, and bulletins issued from time to time by various divisions of the University. The following bureaus and divisions distribute publications issued by them; communications concerning publications in these fields should be addressed to The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, care of the bureau or division issuing the publication: Bureau of Business Research, Bureau of Economic Geology, Bureau of Engineering Research, Bureau of Industrial Chemistry, Bureau of Public School Service, and Division of Extension. Communications con­cerning all other publications of the University should be addressed to University Publications, The University of Texas, Austin. 
Additional copies of this publication may be procured from the 
Bureau of Public School Service, The University of Texas, 
Austin 12, Texas, 
at 
10 cents per copy 

THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS PRESS 
~ 

The University of Texas Publication 

No. 4327: July 15, 1943 
CONSTITUTION AND RULES 
of 
The Univeraity lnteracholaatic League 

Bureau of Public School Service 
DiTiaion of Extenaion 

f'UaLl•HKD aY THK UNIYKUITY P'OUll TIMU A MONTH AND KNTKllKD A• •KCOND·CLAM MATTKll AT THK PO•T OP'P'ICK AT AU•TIN, TllXA•, UNDKll THK ACT OP' AUGU•T &4, 191& 
The benefits of education and of uaeful knowledge, irenerally diffused throuirh a community, are eaaential to the preservation of a free goYern­ment. 
Sam Houston 
Cultivated mind ia the guardian ireniua of Democracy, and while guided · and controlled by virtue, the noblest attribute of man. It ia the only dictator that freemen acknowledge, and the only security which freemen deaire. 
Mirabeau B. Lamar 
COPYRIGHT, 1943 
ISY 
THE BOARD OF REGENTS 
OF 
THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 
PAGE 
CALENDAR --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 
INTRODUCTION ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 
CHANGES EFFECTIVE 1943-44 ----------------------------·-----------------·-----8 
CONSTITUTION 
Fees --·----·······--·-·····-······---------------------------------------------------------···---------9
Officers ____ ....... __.......________ ._______________ ·-----·-------------------------------------________ 12 Organization ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13 Definitions ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14 Eligibility ----·----------------------------------·--------------------------------------------------16 Conference, Area, Regional, State Contests --------------------------------20 All-round Championships ----···---------------------------------------------------------22 Expenses and Rebates -------------------------------------------------------------------23 Disputes --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24 Suspension ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25 Annual Meeting --------------------------------------------------------------------------------26 Amendments ---------------····-------------------·----------------------------------------------26 
RULES IN LITERARY CONTESTS 
Debate ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------27 Declamation -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------29 Extemporaneous Speech ----------------------------------------------------------------35 Ready Writers Contest --------------------------------------------------------------------40 Spelling and Plain Writing -----------------------------------------------------------42 Choral Singing --------------------------------------------------------------------------------45 Number Sense ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------47 One-Act Play ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------49 Typewriting __ -----------·----·---------------------------------------------------------------56 Shorthand __ ·········-----------··----------------------------------------------------------------60 Story-Telling ······-···--------------------------------------------------------------------------63 Journalism ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------· 64 
RULES IN ATHLETIC CONTESTS 
The Athletic Benefit Plan -------------------------------------------------------------67 Football _______.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------69 Basketball ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------77 Tennis ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------83 Volleyball .... -----------------------------------------------------·-------------------85 Junior Boys' Track and Field Meet---------------------------------------------85 Playground Baseball ------------------------------------------------------------------------86 Track and Field --------------------------------------------------------------------------------87 
APPENDICES 
I. Writing Errors _
___ ------------------------------------------------------------------91 
II. Prizes in Final Contests --------------------------------------------------------95 
III. Official Interpretations ----------------------------------------------------------96 
IV. Schedule-Making --------------------------------------------------------------------103 
V. Price List of Bulletins ------------------------------------------------------------106 
INTERSCHOLASTIC LEAGUE CALENDAR 
1943-44 
September 1.-Fees for 1943-44 accepted-Constitution and Rules available for distribution. Keep membership receipt on file. September 15.-Last day for filing acceptance of Football Plan. September 18.-Last day for meeting of District Football Committee, to be called by Temporary Chairman. November 15.-Last day for filing acceptance of Basketball Plan and district organization. November 27.-Last day for certifying District Football Champions. January 15.-Last day for paying membership and basketball fees. February 2.-Last day for filing entry in One-Act Play Contest. February 19.-Last day for certifying Conference AA, A, and B District Basketball Champions. February 26.-Regional Basketball play-offs for Conferences A and B. February 26.-Bi-district Basketball play-offs for Conference AA. March 2, 3, and 4.-State Basketball Tournament. March 10 and 11.-First week-end for holding Conference A and B Meets. March 31, April 1.-Last week-end for holding Conference A and B Meets. April 7 and 8.-First week-end for holding Area Meets. April 14 and 15.-Last week-end for holding Area Meets. April 14 and 15.-Last week-end for holding Conference AA Meets. April 22.-Regional Meets. May 4 and 5.-State Meet.* 
•It will be noted that the State Meet will occur on Thursday and Friday. This change is made necessary during the emergency due to housing congestion in Auatln on Friday nights. 
INTRODUCTION 
What is now known as The University Interscholastic League was first organized in December, 1910, at the State Teachers' Meeting at Abilene. Each year since then it has been organized by a bureau of the Extension Division of The University of Texas. For the first year the League's activities were confined to debates among the high schools affiliated with the University. The following year con­tests in declamation were added and membership in the League was thrown open to all the public white schools of the State below college rank. Subsequently there were also added contests in various fields, suited to schools of different types, until the present schedule of contests was made up. War conditions, and especially transporta­tion difficulties, have now necessitated drastic revisions, both in the contests offered and in the organization for administering them, so that school principals desiring to take advantage of the prograrn are urged to study this revision of the rules with great care. 
The League is an "annual" rather than a "perennial," to use the words of botany. It is in the form of a service offered annually by the Bureau of Public School Service, and naturally has a shifting membership from year to year. The membership, however, con­stantly increased for twenty-nine years, growing from 28 schools in 1910 to 5,500 during peak years antecedent to the outbreak of the World War. The severe travel restrictions, especially the limitations on the use of school buses, has operated to reduce the membership by two thirds, the loss being chiefly in the rural school class. 
This League naturally covers a larger geographical area (since Texas is the largest state in the Union) serves more different types of schools, schedules a greater variety of contests, holds larger and a larger number of meets, and enjoys a greater school-membership than any similar organization in the United States. Its purpose is to organize and direct, through the medium of properly supervised and controlled contests, desirable school activities, and thereby assist in preparing pupils for citizenship. 
Competitions organized in a sensible way and surrounded with proper controls, have demonstrated their usefulness so often, have furnished so much inspiration to talented pupils in Texas for so many years, that we feel that the League organization should have the active cooperation of every school executive and of every school teacher in Texas, and that every school in Texas, no matter how small, should become an active member if it is at all accessible to interschool competition. 
Special attention is called to the following matters: 
1. The rules published herein and citations to special circulars as well as notices in the "Official Notice" column of the Leaguer, are 

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considered notice to all League members. Ignorance of the rules cannot be plead in extenuation of any violation of the same. 
Immediately after the closing date for payment of fees each year, there are usually a number of disappointed schools which have failed to make remittance within the time prescribed. They usually plead lack of notice. However, notice of the closing date has been pub­lished now for ten years, and no exceptions are made. It is best to see that membership is paid at the first of the school year, and if, after a reasonable time, you do not receive a membership-receipt, address an inquiry to the State Office about it. Also be careful to observe other dates listed in the League Calendar on the page following the Table of Contents of this bulletin. 
2. 
When a school joins the League it is understood that the terms and conditions of participation in the contest as set forth in this Constitution and Rules are to be accepted and observed. It is under­stood that when disputes arise, they shall be settled by the committees and in the manner prescribed herein. It is realized that this is a voluntary organization and all conditions surrounding participation as laid down herein are freely accepted and that both the letter and spirit of the rules are to be observed with genuine cooperation and goodwill. 

3. 
It will be noted that the fore part of this bulletin, pp. 9 to 26, contains the Constitution. Therein are to be found all the general rules governing participation, schedule of fees, disposition of fees, definitions, eligibility rules, organization of the various meets, methods of settling disputes, and so on. The executive officers of the school should be thoroughly familiar with this portion of the bulletin. Rules governing special contests begin on page 27. These special rules should be studied with great attention by the directors of the respec­tive events. For illustration, the teacher who is assigned League spelling by her principal, should make a special study of the spelling rules, and in case there is any part of them that she does not under­stand, she should write to the State Office of the League for interpre­tations. Again, the dramatics director should study the one-act play contest rules, and the basketball coach the basketball rules, and so on. In short, each sponsor should be an authority on the rules 


of the contest which he undertakes. 
4. It will be noted that the preliminary meets are called "Con­ference Meets." Great care has been taken to organize these meets so that a minimum of travel will be required. Only schools of ap­proximately the same size are brought into competitive contact in these initial meets. As the meets progress, it becomes necessary to combine conferences, but every school is first offered competition in strictly its own class, and is then permitted to try out its mettle against the best offered in the class next above it in point of size. This "double-pyramiding" reaches its peak in the regional meets, all eight of which have been preserved intact. 
Constitution and Rules, Interscholastic League 
5. 
This bulletin is issued in time for distribution to schools by the opening of the school session in September. It is the best notice that we can offer of changes in rules, and the only notice that we can give of the events that are offered in the Conference Meets. Attempts on the part of the executive committee to change the events nearly always result in serious dissatisfaction. For illustration, sup­pose a school begins in the fall the preparation for a given contest expecting of course to be able to compete in it at the Conference Meet. On arriving at the Meet, however, it is found that the com­mittee decided in January or February that this contest was not to be offered. A dispute immediately ensues as to notice, the committee claiming that it gave notice and the school contending that the notice was not received. In order to prevent such disputes, and disappoint­ment of contestants, and to encourage schools to begin their prepara­tion early in the fall, the rules do not permit the executive committee of a given meet to change the schedule of contests, or to alter their respective values in counting points towards all-round championship. 

6. 
It is a great mistake to suppose that the League program offers an activity for every pupil in the school. No extracurricular activity does that. If a considerable group of pupils and sponsors are inter­ested and put in honest work on an extracurricular activity that has sound educational substance in it, it is justified from an adminis­trative point of view. With such a wide program as the League offers, however, a large percentage of pupils, especially those in the smaller schools, find something offered which they can do well or learn to do well, and hence enjoy doing in a competitive set-up. 


7. In a time of great emergency, such as the present, it is impos­sible, of course, to guarantee the carrying through of any program over an extended period of time, especially one that involves travel. The State Committee, therefore, reserves the option of altering the program in any way that the e,mergency, in the judgment of the Committee, may require. 
Director, Bureau of Public School Service, Division of Extension. 
CHANGES EFFECTIVE 1943-44 
A
TTENTION is directed only to the general changes. Detailed alterations are too numerous to be listed on this page. 
1. 
Transportation difficulties, especially the restrictions placed upon the use of school buses by the Office of Defense Transportation, have compelled the State Executive Committee to rearrange the whole set-up for elimination meets leading up to the State Meet. This re­arrangement is sketched briefly in Paragraph 4 of the Introduction. Detailed account of the various meets will be found in Article IX. It is quite important that this article be studied, for it is completely changed from what it has been in former years. Articles IV and VI deal with officers and organization of meets, and have been thoroughly revised. Note Article VII, Sections 4, 5, 6, and 7, which define the various conferences. 

2. 
Several contests have been omitted: Music Memory, Picture Memory, Three-R, and Rural Pentathlon. The Rural School Division has been abandoned for a conference (Conference B) meet which includes only the smaller schools. In all the initial meets, only schools of approximately the same size compete one with another. In fact, all the competitions are put strictly on a conference basis. In re­sponse to wartime demand for greater emphasis on mathematics, the number-sense contest is opened to high schools, and other mathe­matics contests provided. 

3. 
Team-games which have suffered such a decline since county meets were discontinued, are restored to the conference meets and grade school meets. Volleyball for boys as well as girls, tennis (junior and senior), playground baseball, junior track and field will provide inspiration for a more spirited team-game program for every school that enters, especially among the younger boys and girls. 

4. 
The plan which is thus initiated is in response also to a uni­versal demand for spreading participation. The Regional meets are, roughly, doubled in size, and rebate privileges to this meet have to be withdrawn (see Article XI, Sec. 1). 



CONSTITUTION AND RULES OF THE UNIVERSITY 
INTERSCHOLASTIC LEAGUE 
ARTICLE I 

N~ 
This organization shall be known as The University Interscholastic League. It la organized annually under the auspices of the Exten­sion Division of The University of Texas. 
ARTICLE II 
Object 
The object of this League is to foster among the public schools of Texas inter-school competitions as an aid in the preparation for citizenship. 
ARTICLE III 
Mmnber1h.ip 
SECTION 1. Any public white school in Texas that is below col­legiate rank and that is under the jurisdiction of, and receives appor­tionment from, the State Department of Education is eligible to mem­bership in this League; ezcept schools for defectives and corrective institutions.• 
SEC. 2. To become a member a school shall pay a membership fee to the University Interscholastic League, University Station, Austin 12, Texas, prior to January 15 of the school year for which pay­ment is made. The payment of the fee entitles the school to member­ship only for the current school year. 
The schedule of fees follows: 
HIGH SCHOOLS 
Enrollmentt up to 60---------------------------------------------------$ 2
Enrollment 60 to 80__________
__________________ 8 
Enrollment 80 to 120------------------------------------------------4 Enrollment 120 to 200-------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 Enrollment 200 to 350------------------··-------------------------------·---------------------------8 Enrollment 360 to 500.-------------·------·-----------·---------·-·-·-----------·------------------9
Enrollment 500 and above_______________________________________________ 10 
GRADE SCHOOLS AND JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS 
Enrollment up to 100________ $ 1 Enrollment 100 to 200-----------------------___ 2 
Enrollment 200 and above____________·---------8 
•School membership I• ba1ed on a achoo) unit, or unlta contained In a aln•I• buUdln11:. There la no memberahlp coverlns more thau one ICbool bulldln11:. In cer­tain cases. however (see Article VII, Section 2), there is more than one member­ahlp In a elnsle bulldlns. 
tTotal enrollment for the prececllni: 7ear, not deductlns withdrawals. 

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Schools which pay fees by post-dated checks are not enrolled and membership receipt issued until the check is paid. 
SEc. 3. The membership fee must be paid by every school in order to entitle it to enter any of the League meets, and extra fee for each high school entering the series leading to the State Basketball Tournament.* 
SEC. 4. In a city system of schools, each high school, each junior high school, and each grade school where the latter is under a separate principal, and is in a separate building from the high school and comprises the elementary grades or any subdivision thereof, shall constitute a separate member of the League and shall pay a separate membership fee. No pupil in one such school unit shall represent another in any contest. 
SEC. 5. Each school joining this League shall be entitled to a copy of the Constitution and Rules, and a year's subscription to TM Interscholastic Leaguer. Upon request of the principal, or superin­tendent, each teacher having in charge the preparation of students for any League contest will be placed on the Leaguer mailing list free of charge. 
SEC. 6. Any school that enters any of the contests of this League without having paid its membership fee shall be disqualified for the following school year, unless a satisfactory excuse for such failure is presented to the State Executive Committee. 
ARTICLE IV 
Officers 
SECTION 1. The executive management and control of this League shall reside in a State Executive Committee1 District Football Ex­ecutive Committees, District Basketball Executive Committees, and an executive committee for each region, for each area, and for each group of schools which organizes under these rules a preliminary or qualifying meet, which are called "Conference Meets." 
SEC. 2. The State Executive Committee of The University Inter­scholastic League shall be appointed by the President of the Univer­sity. It shall be the duty of this Executive Committee to have ad­ministrative charge of the affairs of the League, to prepare and dis­tribute bulletins and other literature pertaining to its work, to coop­erate with conference, area, district and regional officers, and to decide disputes that are appealed to it from such committees, except the selection and decisions of judges, and excepting disputes in intra­district football and basketball contests. 
It shall be the duty of the State Executive Committee to furnish official interpretations of rules of the League when the language of the same seems obscure. 
•For schedule of Basketball fees, see Basketball Plan, p , 77. 
Constitution and Rules, Interscholastic League 11 
The State Executive Committee follows: Thomas H. Shelby, chair­
man; Roy Bedichek, R. J. Kidd, R. A. Cox, J. O. Marberry, B. C. 
Tharp, C. A. Wiley, D. K. Brace, DeWitt Reddick. 
SEC. 3. Each area and region of this organization as designated 
in the January Lea,guer shall be under the general charge of an Ex­
ecutive Committee to be appointed by the State Executive Committee, 
and consisting of a Director General as chairman, a Director of De­
bate, a Director of Declamation, a Director of Extemperaneous 
Speech, a Director of Athletics, and a Director of "Ready Writers." 
The foregoing constitute the voting members of the respective com­
mittees. The State Committee shall also appoint for each area and 
region, managers for such other contests as are scheduled in Article 
IX, Secs. 2 and 3. It shall be the duty of such committees to have 
immediate charge of the contests in a given center; and to arrange 
for final contests not later than scheduled in the Calendar. The 
Director General shall have general charge of arrangements for the 
contests. The other officers shall have immediate charge of arranging 
for and conducting the contests respectively denoted by their titles. 
Furthermore, it is the duty of area and regional committees to 
arrange the programs of their respective meets solely in the inter­
est of the schools and participants, using just as little school time as 
possible, and necessitating just as little expense and travel as pos­
sible for pupils, their teachers and coaches. 
(In case the Area Committee elects to have contests other than 
those listed in Article IX, Sec. 2, the Director General is authorized 
to appoint Directors for conducting such contests.) 
SF.C. 4. The preliminary, or Conference Meets, which qualify for the Area Meets, shall be in charge of an executive committee made up of representatives of the member schools in the Conference. The Superintendent of Schools (or person designated by him) of the Host School shall be Director General of the Meet. 
It shall be the duty of the Director General to call a meeting of the Executive Committee early in the school year for the purpose of organizing the Meet. 
It shall be the duty of such conference executive committee to enforce eligibility rules in the conference, to have immediate charge of conference contests; to arrange for financing them without charg­ing member schools an additional fee; to canvass schools for entries to such contests; to see that only those schools on official list furnished by the State Office are permitted to enter; to cooperate with the schools in effecting and promoting a conference organization; to correspond with the State Office with regard to the interests of the work; to adjudicate disputes arising within the conference, subject to provisions of Article XII; and in general to work toward making the contests worthwhile in and by themselves, regardless of subse­quent contests. (It ii' suggested that in financing the meet, the 

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town holding the meet raise funds so that it will not be necessary to charge contestants entry fees. An admission charge to contests is often made, and helps defray the expenses of the meet.) 
Although the Director General is expected to exert every effort to notify all member schools in the conference regarding the date of the meet, each school is responsible for ascertaining the date. 
SEC. 5. Supplies, such as blanks, tests, etc., necessary for conduct;.. ing meets shall be furnished from the State Office on requisition by the Director General. 
SEC. 6. Entries shall be made ten days before the date set for the meet; the Committee may, however, shorten the period. 
SEC. 7. The State Legislative Advisory Council of the University Interscholastic League shall be composed of twenty-four members. One-third of the members are to be elected for two years, one-third for three years, and one-third for four years. 
Representation on the Council shall be as follows: one representative from each of the following classes of schools shall be elected from each of the eight regions of the State: (1) high schools with an enrollment of 500 and above; (2) high schools with an enrollment of 200 to 500; and (3) high schools with an enrollment less than 200. 
Only superintendents, principals, and county superintendents are eligible to be elected to the council. Nominations for membership on the Council are to be made by mail ballot not later than September of each school term. The five persons receiving the greatest number of votes in each class from each region will be listed on the final preferential ballot submitted to the schools. 
In case of ties in nominations, nominees shall be reduced to five 
by lot. 
The annual meeting of the Council shall be held at Austin in 
November of each year. 
The duties of the Council will be to consider and study all pro­posed legislation and recommendations submitted at the November and May meetings of member schools and to recommend to the State Executive Committee legislation that it considers vital to the best interests of the League. 
ARTICLE V 
Area and Regional Officers 
(A directory of regions, areas and executive officers will be pub­lished under an appropriate heading in the January issue of the 
Leaguer.) 

Constitution and Rules, Interscholastic League 13 
ARTICLE VI 
Organization 
SECTION 1. List of Contests.-The League shall hold during the current school year contests in the following: 
Basketball Extemporaneous Speech 
Choral Singing Shorthand 
Football Six-man Football 
Journalism Slide-rule Contest 
Number Sense Spelling and Plain Writing 
One-Act Play Tennis 
Playground Ball Track and Field 
Ready Writers Typewriting 
Debate Volleyball 
Declamation 
SEC. 2. Dates for Conference, Regional, Area, and State Meets.­The time for holding meets during the current school year shall be in accordance with the "Calendar" published on the page following the Table of Contents of this bulletin. 
SEC. 3. Con/ erence Contests.-Only schools certified to the Con­ference Director General as paid-up members of the League in good standing shall be permitted to enter the contests. After determining the time and place for the meet, the Executive Committee shall an­nounce the same. Publication in county papers at least one month in advance shall be considered due notice. 
Only the winners in the Conference Meets shall be eligible to participate in the Area contests, as hereinafter provided in Article IX. 
SEC. 4. Area Meets.-It shall be the duty of the Area Executive Committee to hold an Area Meet in accordance with Article VI, Sec­tion 2, to provide auditoriums, fields and equipment, to provide com­petent judges and officials, and to certify the winners to the Director General of the respective region immediately after the conclusion of the Meet. 
SEC. 5. Regional Meets.-It shall be the duty of the Regional Executive Committee to hold Regional Contests in accordance with the schedule in Article VI, Section 2, of this Constitution, to provide auditoriums, fields, and equipment, to provide competent judges and officials to certify the winners to the State Office of the League immediately after the conclusion of the meet. 
SEC. 6. Grade School Meets.-Any group of grade schools con­veniently located, may organize their own meet. Principals of the schools so associated (or persons designated by them) shall constitute the Executive Committee. 
Contests offered gra<le schools, and for which rules are provided, follow : choral singing, number sense, playground ball, ready writers, 
The University of Texas Publication 
declamation, spelling and plain writing, junior track and field, junio? tennis, and volleyball. For schedule of points for computing all-round championship, see Article X, Section 3. 
ARTICLE VII 
Definitions 
SECTION 1. High School.-A high school is one in which at least the time of two teachers, or the equivalent, is devoted to instruction in high-school grades. (See Appendix III.) 
SEC. 2. Grade School.-One or more grades below the high-school level, housed in a building to itself or with the high school, con­stitute a separate school-unit in the League, pays a separate fee, and is entitled to enter its contestants in the grade-school meet. (See Appendix III.) 
SEC. 3. Junior High School.-A junior high school is a unit in a school system organized as a junior high, whether or not it occupies a building to itself, and competes in Conference B in senior contests and Conference A in junior contests. (See Appendix III.) 
SEC. 4. Conferences.-A voluntary organization of member schools of a similar size and within a given area for the purpose of providing the most convenient inter-school competitive program. 
SEC. 5. Conference AA.-A high school enrolling the preceding 
year 500 or more, is a Conference AA school. Schools with an enroll­
ment of 450-499 may be admitted to Conference AA by a three-fourths 
vote of the respective executive committee. 
SEC. 6. Conference A.-A high school enrolling the preceding year less than 500 and more than 200 is a Conference A school. Schools with an enrollment of 150-199 may be admitted to Conference A by a three-fourths vote of the respective executive committee. 
SEC. 7. Conference B.-(1) In football, a high school enrolling the preceding year less than 200 and more than 100 is in Conference B football. Schools with an enrollment of 75-100 may be admitted to Conference B football by a favorable vote of three fourths of the members of the district. 
(2) In all other contests, high schools with less enrollment than 200 compete in Conference B. 
SEC. 8. Advanced Classification.-A school desiring advanced classi­fication shall submit its request to its respective executive committee at least 30 days before the Conference Meet. 
SEC. 9. Higher Class School.-A "higher class" school may be (a) a school with fifteen or more accredited units, (b) a school with as many as three units more than the school formerly attended, provided 

Constitution and Rules, Interscho'lastic League 15 
the latter school has less than fifteen accredited units.* This applies in each and every contest regularly scheduled herein. 
SEC. 10. Junior and Senior Divisions.-Pupils under fifteent and ten or over ten years of age on the first day of the preceding May shall be eligible to junior contests; pupils fifteen or over and under eighteen the first day of the preceding May are eligible to the senior division. (See Appendix III, "Art. VII, Sec. 10.") 
SEC. 11. Composite Team.-A composite team is one the members of which are made up from different school units. No composite teams are permitted to compete in Interscholastic League contests. 
SEC. 12. College.-A "college" is any institution offering work above that of a regular high school, as determined by the latest catalogue or course of study of the institution under consideration. 
SEC. 13. Event.-An "event" is a part of a contest. For illustra­tion: Track and Field is a contest made up of fourteen different events. 
SEC. 14. The Bureau of Public School Service.-That part of the Extension Division of The University of Texas, which, in addition to other activities, serves as an organizing agency for the League. 
SEC. 15. The League.-The League is organized yearly and con­sists of those public schools (see Article III, Section 1) which accept the plan of competitions set forth in this Constitution and Rules by signing the "Application for Membership" form provided by the League and remitting the fee provided for in Article III, Section 2. 
SEC. 16. Meets.-A "meet" is the gathering together of pupils for the purpose of engaging in scheduled contests. A "local" meet is one in which participation is confined to pupils of an individual school and generally for the purpose of qualifying contestants for the next higher meet. A "conference" meet is one in which two or more schools in the same conference participate for the purpose of qualifying con­testants for the "area" meet. An "area" meet is one which accommo­dates the winners in Conferences A and B meets within a given area, and qualifies contestants for the next higher meet. A "regional" meet is one in w.hich the winners from a group of "area" meets and from the AA Conference meets compete for qualification to the next higher meet. The "State" meet is the one in which regional winners compete for State championships in contests scheduled in Article IX, Section 4, of this Constitution and Rules. 
SEC. 17. Credit.-A "credit" means a unit which the school counts toward graduation, not necessarily in subjects in which the school is accredited by the State Department of Education. 
SEC. 18. Semester.-A "semester," in the meaning of Article VIII, Section 16, is one-half of the long session during which a pupil may earn independent credit for scholastic work. 
•ot couree, thla term baa no meanlnir unleea It la used In comparlnir two 1chool1. 
tin declamation oontesta, read "under fourteen." Pupils fourteen or over are 1enlor1 In declamation. 


The University of Texas Publication 
SEC. 19. Term.-The word "term" is used herein to designate the period between the opening and the closing of school, usually from September to May. It is synonymous with "session," or. with "lon~ session" in institutions which have a "summer session." 
SEC. 20. Tournament and Round-robin.-The word "tournament" is used herein in contradistinction to "round-robin." It implies that several teams are assembled in a given place at one time for an elim­ination contest. "Round-robin" is used to describe a series of contests, either at one time or scattered over several days or weeks or months, in which each team contests with every other team, and the winner is determined on a percentage basis. 
SEC. 21. Recruiting.-The term "recruiting" as used in Rule 6 (e) of the Football Plan and Basketball Plan means offering any in­ducement, directly or indirectly to a football or basketball player to enroll in a given scheol. An indl:lcement may be actual cash, remission of tuition, board or lodging, free transportation, a job for which remuneration is above that normally paid for such services, or other valuable consideration. 
SEC. 22. Enrollment.-In judging eligibility under Article VIII, 
Section 16, a pupil's enrollment period in a given semester begins 
with the day of his enrollment and ceases with his last day of 
attendance. 
In rules of the League which use enrollment as a basis for determin­
ing the number on a given team, count only those grades which will 
be eligible at the time of the Conference meet. Do not count pupils on 
total enrollment who will pass into an ineligible grade or graduate 
at mid-term. 
In classifying schools for competition in League contests enroll­
ment is determined by that given in the current Bulletin on Standarde 
and Activities of the State Department of Education. (See Appendix 
III, under Art. 7, Sec. 22.) 
SEC. 23. Dormitory School.-The term "dormitory school" mean• 
a school that is eligible for League membership under provisions of 
Article III, Section 1, and one whose students live in the dormitories 
of the institution. 
SEC. 24. Grades.-In all contests in the League eligibility to which 
are on a grade basis, the eighth grade in a 12-grade system competes 
with the seventh in an 11-grade system, the seventh in a 12-grade 
system with the sixth in an 11-grade system, and so on. This method 
of equation seems necessary until there is a uniform system through­
out the State. (See Appendix III, Art. VII, Sec. 2.) 
ARTICLE VIII 
Eligibility Rules 
The following eligibility rules shall apply to every contest held under the auspices of this League. School principals and superin­tendents are charged with the responsibility of seeing that these rules 
Constitution and Rules, Interschol.astic League 17 
are strictly obeenJed in each and every contest in which their pupila engage. The "Official Notice" column in the Leaguer is considered sufficient notioe to all member schools concerning interpretations of rules. 
SECrION 1. Age Limit.-No one shall take part in any contest in this League who, on the first day of May preceding the contest has reached or passed his eighteenth birthday. (See Appendix III, under Art. VIII, Sec. 1.) 
SEC. 2. Undergraduates Only.-No one shall take part in any contest in this League who has been graduated from his school or other school of equal or higher rank, or who has sufficient credits to entitle him to a diploma, e:x:cept: A contestant shall not be barred by this rule who has been graduated from a school of less than fifteen accredited units (as recorded in the current Bulletin on Standards and Activities of the State Department of Education), and returns to take the advanced work in a high school having as many as three more accredited units; provided, that such pupil is an undergraduate in the school to which he or she returns or to which he or she has been transferred. (Note, however, Section 13, of this article.) (See Appendix III, under "Art. VIII, Sec. 2.") 
SEC. 3. Scholarship Requirement.-No one shall take part in any contest in this League who, at the time of the contest, is not passing, since the beginning of the semester or term, in at least three half unit credit courses (for which the contestant has no credit), to the date seven days prior to the contest. Providecl, that a pupil in a grade below the high school shall be considered as fulfilling the scholarship requirement if he is passing in three fourths of the work offered as a normal student-load, and provided further, that in a school not offering a total of 720 minutes of recitation work per week a pupil may satisfy the scholarship requirement if he is taking the regular amount of recitation work for that school and is passing in three fourths of such work. (See Appendix III, under "Art. VIII, Sec. 3.") 
SEC. 4. College Contestants Barred.-No one shall take part in any contest in this League who, either as a substitute or as a regular, ever represented a college in any contest; or, who has ever attended a college as a regular student, "regular college student" meaning a student who has ever enrolled for as much as one college course. 
SEC. 6. Day Students Only.-The studies required in these rulea ahall be taken during the day session of school. 
SEC. 6. Attendance.-No one shall take part in any contest in thia League who, at the time of the contest, has not been a bona fiU regular attendant at the school represented for thirty calendar days immediately preceding the contest, or since the first day of the second week of the current school year; i.e., a pupil who enrolls after the first day of the second week is not eligible for thirty calendar days. 
(For attendance in city systems, see Article III, Section 4; also see Appendix III, under "Art. VIII, Sec. 6.") 

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SEC. 7. Competitions Outside League.-In all games or contests outside the League, and in so-called "non-conference" games, a League member shall abide by the rules and regulations of the League and be subject to the same penalties for infractions as if the contest or game were with another member of the League or as if the infraction were made in a regular "conference" game that decided League standing. (See Appendix III, under Art. VIII, Sec. 7.) 
SEC. 8. Amateurs Only.-No one shall take part in any athletic contest in this League who has ever received money, or other valu­able consideration for teaching, officiating, or participating in any form of athletics, sports, or games, or who in any game outside of games played as a member of his school team or the Interscholastic League has, within the last twelve months, competed on a team with a paid player or contestant. This rule docs not apply to pupils who were under 15 :;rears of age at the time payment for athletic services was made; neither shall it prohibit the acceptance of rebates on rail­road fare in interscholastic contests fostered by institutions of higher education. (See Appendix III, under "Art. VIII, Sec. 8.") 
SEC. 9. Playing Under Assumed Na.me.-No one shall participate in any contest of the League, who has ever contested under an assumed name in any contest, (1) conducted under the auspices of the Interscholastic League, or, (2) in which participation would affect his eligibility for contests conducted under the auspices of the League. 
SEC. 10. Certificate of Eligibility.-Before each game or contest in this League, each school shall file with the director in charge and upon demand shall furnish to the manager of an opposing team, a list of the contestants representing that scbool with the eligibility of such contestants certified to by the principal or superintendent. 
SEC. 11. State Winnsra Barred.-The winner of the State cham­pionship (that is, first place) in debate (or member of the winning team), declamation, or extemporaneous speech, shall not be eligible again in the contests in which the championship was won; and con­testants awarded 100 per cent certificates in spelling are also dis­qualified from further competition in that class and division in spelling. 
Contestants in Junior Declamation winning first place in Regional meets are disqualified from further participation in Junior Decla­mation in the class in which the honor is won. 
SEC. 12. Double Representation.-The same contestant shall not be eligible to represent his school in more than one of the public speak­ing contests in the same year. Participation in the one-act play contest shall not be considered participation in a "public speaking event." 
SEC. 13. Clr.anging Sclwols.-A pupil changing schools is not eligible in League contests whose parents (or guardian) reside out­side the school district. until he shall have been in attendance at the 

Constitution and Rules, Interscholastic League 19 
school or in the school system, to which he changes for one year imme­diately preceding the contest; provided, such pupil is not barred under this rule who (1) changes from a school district• having less than fifteen accredited units to the nearest school in good standing with the League having as many as three more, or to the school having fifteen or more accredited units located nearest his home or the nearest one in his county, as measured by the public road, (2) lives with his parents or guardian and elects to change to any higher class school within 15 miles of his home. (See Appendix III, under "Art. VIII, Sec. 18.") 
SEC. 14. One Year Rule.-A pupil who has represented a high school (other than his present school) or academy in either football or basketball is ineligible in both of these sports for one year in a school to which be changes, except a pupil who changes from a school which be has attended for at least one year having less than fifteen accredited units to the nearest higher class school (see Article VII, Section 9) to bis home, or the nearest in his county. 
A pupil living at home with bis parents (or guardian) and qualify­ing under the "exception" clause above, is eligible under this Section in any higher class school within fifteen miles. A pupil changing from a training school conducted by a college to the local high school in which district his parents have lived at least one year, is not ineligible under this rule.t (See Appendix III, under "Art. VIII, Sec. 14.") 
A junior high school pupil who bas represented his junior high school in football or basketball is ineligible in both of these sports in a school system to which he changes until be bas been in attendance for one year. 
SEC. 15. TeacMrtl lneligible.-A person who is teaching whole or part time is ineligible for any League contest. 
SJ!JC. 16. Paaring Grade Preceding Semestw.-No one shall take part in any contest in this League who did not attend school a major portion of the preceding semester and who did not complete:!: at least three half units (see Article VII, Section 18) during the semester. A pupil who baa been out of achoo! a year or more is eligible under this section if he attended school a major portion of the last semester that he was in school, and completed three half units. 
A grade pupil in order to be eligible for participation in League contests must have attended a major portion of the semester or year and must have been regularly and unconditionally promoted at the last promotion-period in the school attended. Such a pupil who bas 
•"School dlatrlct" u uaed In thla rule mean1 the dlatrlct In which the parenta of the pupil actually realde. tThia section shall not operate to render pupils ineligible when the school repre­sented baa been abandoned or discontinued. 
:Scholastic work to be valid muet be work for which the contestant doee not a1.-c17 have credit. 
The University of Texas Publication 
been out of school a year or more is eligible under this section if he was regularly and unconditionally promoted at the last promotion­period in the school year during which he last attended school. A pupil who has been promoted conditionally from the grade school to the high school may still be eligible under this rule if he passed the last semester in the grade school, three grade-school subjects. 
SEC. 17. Minimum Penalty.-The minimum penalty for using an ineligible contestant is forfeiture of the contest in which the ineligible contestant participated. 
ARTICLE IX 
Relations Between Conference, Area, Regional, and State Contests 
SECTION 1. Conference Meets.-Contestants selected by member­schools are entitled to enter the Conference meets in events listed in Article VI, Section 1, to which they are respectively eligible. 
SEC. 2. Area Meets.-In the area meets, the competition is con­ducted in one class, and the following qualified from Conference A and B meets shall be entitled to enter. 
First place winners in each of the divisions in debate. 
First place winners in declamation, juniors and seniors. 
First and second places in Ready Writers. 
First place winners in Extemporaneous Speech, boys' and girls' 
divisions. 
First place winners in One-Act Play. 
First place winners in Tennis, senior divisions. 
First, second, third and fourth place winners in Track and Field. 
First, second and third place winners in Typewriting. 
First, second and third place winners in Shorthand. 
First and second place winners in Mathematics.* 
Although the Director General is expected to exert every effort to notify all member-schools in the district of the date of the district meet, the principal or superintendent of each school having qualified representatives is responsible for ascertaining the date of the meet. 
SEC. 3. Regional Meets.-In the regional meets, the competition is conducted in one class, and the following qualified from AA Confer­ence meets and from area meets shall be entitled to enter: 
First place winners in each of the divisions in debate. 
First place winners in declamation, all classes, juniors and seniors. 
First and second place winners in Ready Writers. 
First place winners in Extemporaneous Speech, boys' and girls' 
divisions. 
First place winners in One-Act Play. 
First place winners in Tennis, senior divisions. 
First, second, third and fourth place winners in Track and Field. 
First five places in Shorthand. 
First five places in Typewriting. 
First and second place winners in Mathematics.* 
*Includes Slide-rule and High School Number Sense. 

Constitution and Rules, Interscholastic League 21 
Although the Director General is expected to exert every effort to 
notify all member-schools in the region of the date of the regional 
meet, the principal or superintendent of each school having qualified 
representatives is responsible for ascertaining the date of the meet. 
SJ!lC. 4. Stats Meet.-In the State Meet, the following from re­
irional meets shall be entitled to enter: 
First place winners in each of the divisions in debate. 
First place winners in declamation, senior divisions. 
First, second, and third place winners in Ready Writers. 
First place winners in Extemporaneous Speech, boys' and girls' 
divisions. 
First place winners in One-Act Play. 
First place winners in Tennis, senior divisions. 
First four places in Track and Field. 
First three places in Shorthand.• 
First three places in Typewriting.• 
Journalism contestants qualified Sec. 7 of Journalism rules. 
First and second places in Slide-rule and High School Number 
Sense. 
S.l!lC. 6. Reporta.-The several directors of contests in a given meet 
shall make a duplicate list of contestants qualifying under his super­
vision and give one copy to the Director General, and forward the 
other copy to the Director in charge of the same contest in the nerl 
higher meet. The Director General at the close of a given meet shall 
compile a list from the reports so furnished him, and forward to the 
Director General of the next higher meet. 
SEC. 6. Entries.-The superintendent or principal of a school win­
ning representation to the next higher meet shall send immediately 
to the Director General an entry-list in due form giving the name 
of the school, the name of the contest, and the name of the contestants 
with certification of eligibility. 
SEC. 7. Substitutions.-ln case a contestant qualifying in a meet 
finds that he will be unable to attend the next higher meet, it shall 
be the duty of his principal or superintendent to notify the next place 
winner in the contest (except in track or field), who shall become 
eligible to represent his conference, area, or region as the case may be. 
No substitution is allowable in individual contests (Exception: In 
tennis singles for girls), but local school authorities may make a 
substitution to fill a vacancy on a team, as in tennis doubles, debate. 
Sac. 8. Eligibility to Rebate.-Those attending the State Meet en­titled to rebate on transportation expense are as follows: 
(1) All winners enumerated in Section 4 of this Article except third and fourth places in Track and Field,t and fourth and fifth places in Shorthand. 
•The ftrat ftve place winners In the reeional meet shall be eligible to the State Meet. but only lat, 2d, and 8d shall be elhrlble to rebate. 
tContestanta in track and field not entered in accordance with Rule 11, page 89, are not entitled to rebate nor to free lod1rln1ra durin1r the State Meet. Note also that substitutes, or alternates, on team• are not entitled to rebate ar free lod!l'ln1r. 

22 The University of Texas Publication 
(2) 
The Director General in each Regional center. 

(3) 
A faculty representative for each school qualifying con­testants entitled to rebate, and in case a mixed delegation of boys and girls, two faculty representatives, a man teacher for boys and a woman teacher for girls. 


SEC. 9. Lodging.-The State Executive Committee will undertake to provide lodging for all contestants and faculty representatives, aa specified in this article, at the final meeting of the League. The large number of contestants and faculty representatives proper renders it impossible to furnish lodging to parents, visitors, and those specified in paragraph 2 of Section 8 of this Article. 
ARTICLE X 
All-round Championship* 
SECTION 1. Championship Optional.-There may be an all-round championship awarded at the Conference Meet, at the discretion of the Executive Committee of the Meet. 
SEC. 2. Points by De/ault.-Points taken by default count towards all-round championship. (See Appendix III.) 
SEC. 3. Schedule of Points.-The championship in each conference shall be awarded to the school which wins the highest number of points and at the same time satisfies the requirement of Section 6 of this article. In determining the all-round championships, the points shall be awarded on the following basis, to-wit: 
Runner­Third Winner up Place 
Arithmetic (number-sense) --------------------------------15 10 5 Choral Singing --------------------------------------------------------20 15 10 Debate ---------------------------------------------------------------------20 15 Declamation ---------------------------------------------------------7 5 2 Extemporaneous Speech ------------------------------------15 10 5 High School Track and Field ------------------------------20 10 5 Junior Boys' Track and Field ------------------------------15 10 5 Junior Playground Ball ---------------------------------------15 10 5 One-Act Play ----------------------------------------------------------15 10 Ready Writers -------------------------------------------------------15 10 5 Shorthand --------------------------------------------------------15 10 5 Slide-Rule ---------------------------------------------------------------15 10 5 Spelling ---------------------------------------------------------10 7 5 Story Telling -----------------------------------------------------5 3 Tennis, Senior Doubles ----------------------------------15 10 Tennis, Senior Singles ------------------------------------5 3 Tennis, Junior Doubles ------------------------------------------5 3 Tennis, Junior Singles -----------------------------------------3 2 
10 5
i~:;b~~~n~___::::::::::~::::::::::::::::::::=:::::::::::::::::::::::: ~g 10 5 
*See Appendix III. 
Constitution and Rules, Interschol.astic League 23 
SEC. 4. Allocation of Point.s.-In computing points towards all­round championship, points as above scheduled are awarded in each conference. For illustration: The first place winner in Ready Writers is listed above as receiving 10 points. This means that the winner of first place in each division in Ready Writers is awarded 15 points, and so on with regard to each contest listed, and each place, as per schedule. 
SEC. 5. No Points fo1· La.st Place.-In no contest or event shall 
second, third, or fourth place be counted if it is last place, as de­
termined by actual participation in the contest. In case there are 
three entries in debate (for illustration) and one team defeats each 
of the others, the losers must be matched to determine second place, 
and this principle holds in any tournament. If a school participates 
in the drawing it shall be considered "actual participation" in the 
contest. 
SEC. 6. All-round Championship Requfrement.-No school shall be eligible to the all-round championship that does not place in at least three di1ferent contests of those above enumerated and in both ath­letic and non-athletic contests.• 
SEC. 7. Division of Points Among Schools Tied.-In case two schools are tied for first place, add first and second place points, and di­vide the sum equally between the two schools which are tied, award­ing no second place points, the school ranking next to the two schools tied receiving third place points; in case two schools are tied for second place, add second and third place points, and divide equally the sum between the two schools which are tied, and award no third place points; and so on. 
In case two schools are tied for first place and two tied for second place, add first place points to half of second place points and divide equally between two schools tied for first place. Add all third place points to half of second place points and divide equally between the two schools tied for second place. Award no third place. 
ARTICLE XI 
Ezpe1U1ea a.nd Rebates 
SECTION 1. Conference and Area Meets.-In conference and area meets, the prizes offered and rebates of contestants and of judges shall be provided for as the respective directors may determine. Ad­mission charges in any meet may be made when deemed advisable. H receipts exceed expenses of the meet the balance should be rebated to participating schools on a fair mileage basis. The Executive Com­mittee of a Meet may collect a small entry fee, if other sources are insufficient to finance the Meet. 
•In traelt and lleld a aebool baa not "plaeed" unleH it wins at leaat third plaee in the meet u determined hJ' total points. 

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The Executive Committee of any Meet has the authority to use 
the excess funds from the basketball tournament to help defray 
expenses. [Note.-Regional awards and rebates are unavailable due to present plan which doubles representation to the Regional Meet.] 
SEC. 2. Final Meet.-At the final contests at the University the visiting contestants shall bear their own expenses in the first instance. The State Executive Committee, however, shall devote from the amount received in fees in the current year, after defraying necessary ex­penses of the League not covered by University appropriations, to the payment of rebates on a mileage basis, computed on the mileage given by the Texas State Highway Official Mileage Chart.* The rebates shall be payable to the principal o! each school which is represented by actual participation in State contests and including faculty repre­sentatives from each participating school as provided in Article IX, Section 9.t Not more than five track contestants from any one school shall be entitled to rebate. The State Executive Committee may in its discretion limit, by due notice, the number of delegates from distant points that shall be entitled to such rebates. Mileage will be taken as basis for computing rebates. A rebate of one cent per mile per con­testant or delegate has been customary, but under present unsettled conditions the State Executive Committee undertakes merely to dis­tribute amount collected in fees, less necessary expenses. An auto­mobile conveying five qualified contestants and . delegates will thus receive five cents per mile for the trip to Austin and return. Since the rebate will be on a per-mile-per-contestant basis, it will be seen that an economy may be effected by bringing as many individuals as convenient in one car. It will be seen that county delegations may effect an economy by cooperation in providing automobile transporta­tion to the State Meet.:j: 
ARTICLE XII 
Disputes 
All disputes (except decisions of judges and referees of contests) among the members of the League shall be settled by the appropriate 
•In case town Is not listed on mileage chart, county seat of county in which town ie located is taken for computing rebate. tRebate may be paid to such person as may be designated to receive the same by the Superintendent of Schools. 
tCoaches are entitled to "B" gas-rationing cards according to ruling obtained from the OPA Administrator for Texas, Mr. Mark McGee, at hearing held in Austin, February 1, 1943. Thie entitles a coach to use the "B'" allowance in case it can be shown the local rationing board that there is no other practical way for him to meet his professional engagements at interechool contests. Moreover, it is not to be considered prejudicial to the rubber-conservation program, according to Mr. McGee, for contestants to ride to interechool contests with coach. ae that le in line with the "share-the-ride" program of the administration. Conflrmation of this may be ob­tained, if desired, by addressing the OPA State Office, Ft. Worth. Teas. 

Constitution and Rules, Interscho'lastic League 26 
executive committee. A conference, area or regional executive com­mittee may, if desired, submit a case in dispute to the State Execu­tive Committee for adjudication, except that the decision of district football and basketball committees in all disputes arising in connec­tion with the determination of the district championship shall be final. Others who feel that they have a just cause for complaint against any executive committee (except in football and basketball) may appeal the case to the State Executive Committee fo:r; final de­cision; in which instance a written statement of facts shall be pre­sented both by the appellant and by the executive committee together with all documentary evidence considered; provided that all protests must be made in writing within twenty-four hours after the contest. 
Eligibility protests, however, are not subject to the 24-hour limitation. The representative of a school involved in a dispute is disqualified from sitting as a member of the committee in the adjudfoation of the dispute. 
Protests must be presented by either superintendent or principal. 
ARTICLE XIII 
Swrpension 
SECTION 1. Suapenaion for lnfraction.-Any school that viola tea any of the eligibility rules of this League may be suspended from fur­ther competition in the League for a period of from one to three years in the contest in which the infraction is made upon presentation to the State Executive Committee of sufficient evidence of said infraction. Football and basketball eligibility cases arising inside the district, however, shall be decided by the appropriate football and basketball district committee, as provided in Article XII and in Rule 6 of the Basketball Plan and Football Plan; but if, in the opinion of the district committee, the offense is of sufficient gravity to warrant suspension from the League, the district committee shall make such recommenda­tion to the State Executive Committee and transmit its findings of fact in the case or cases, which the State Executive Committee shall consider in passing upon whether or not the offending school shall be suspended. 
SEC. 2. Mandatory Penalty.-A school that continues to use a contestant who has been declared ineligible shall be suspended from the League for a period of from one to three years in the contest in which the infraction is made, and all contracts with 'llember schools in this contest become at once null and void. 
SEC. 8. Ma71 Not Pl,a,y Swrperu/,ed Teams.-No school in this League shall engage in any contest with a suspended school, and any school violating this rule shall be suspended for the remainder of that year and for the following year. This prohibition applies, of course, only to the contest in which the school is suspended. 

The University of Texas Publication 
Schools under suspension in any contest will be listed in the Sep. tember and following issues of the Interscholastic Leaguer, Official Notice Column. 
SEC. 4. Records.-A school shall produce its records upon request by an appropriate executive committee, and refusal to do so shall constitute grounds for suspension from one to three years. 
ARTICLE XIV 
Annual Meeting 
The annual meeting of the League shall be held during the annual State Meet. At the annual meeting, matters pertaining to the League shall be discussed and recommendations made to the State Executive Committee regarding any changes in the rules. Each member school present shall be entitled to one vote at this meeting, which shall be cast by the superintendent or principal. 
ARTICLE XV 
Amendments 
All amendments to the constitution and rules of the League shall be made by the State Executive Committee, provided, that all ma­terial changes in the eligibility and other rules which do not involve a question of University policy shall first be submitted to the mem­bers of the League at the annual meeting and to the advisory council for an advisory vote. In a case considered an emergency, the State Executive Committee may submit a proposed change for a referendum vote to the member-schools except that all changes in eligibility rules shall require one year's notice. 
RULES IN PUBLIC SPEAKING 
RULES IN DEBATE 
The question for debate during the 1943-44 school year follows: 
RESOLVED: That th.e United States should join in reconstituting the League of Nations. 
Unless by consent of both teams concerned, the question in all pre­liminary debates shall be the one designated for the final contest and all debaters shall be prepared to speak on either side of this question. 
1. Divisions.-There shall be two divisions in debate, as follows: 
(a) girls; (b) boys. 
2. 
Representation.-Each member high school of the League is entitled to enter a team of two boys and a team of two girls in the appropriate divisions provided in the foregoing paragraph. 

3. 
Eligibility.-Each debater entered must be eligible under Ar­ticle VIII of the Constitution. 

4. 
Eliminations.-The Conference chompionship may be decided by tournament or round-robin, as the Conference Committee directs.* 

5. 
Clwice of Sides.-In all contests sides shall be determined either by mutual consent or by lot, and in a series of preliminaries, choice of sides shall be made as soon as practicable after opponents for the next round are determined. 

6. 
Coaching for Debate.-Aside from the bulletins furnished by the State Office, and other reading matter, the assistance furnished contestants in preparing debates shall not exceed the following: (a) aid in outlining the arguments; (b) citing sources of information; 


(c) correcting errors in English; and (d) suggestions as to delivery. Whenever a debater quotes at any length the words of another, the fact must be plainly stated. Proof that either member of a debating team has received assistance other than as above specified, or that quoted matter is used at any considerable length without giving due credit therefor, shall disqualify such team for that year. 
7. 
Coaching During a Debate.-In all contests the debaters shall be separated from the audience and shall receive no coaching while the debate is in progress. By "coaching" is meant viva voce or other prompting either by the speaker's colleague or by any other person while the debater has the floor. A debater may, however, refer to his notes. 

8. 
No Cheering.-ln order to guard against "rooting," no cheering shall be permitted during the debate, and the presiding officer shall see that this rule is strictly enforced. 


*Plan for arranging a round-robin contest is given in Appendix IV. Plan is &boo slYan In this appendix for drawing a tournament in case one is neceaaar:v. 

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9. Tke Time and Order of Speeckes.-The time and order of speeches shall be as follows: 
MAIN 
Affirmative, 10 minutes. Negative, 10 minutes. Affirmative, 10 minutes. Negative, 10 minutes. 
REBUTTAL 
Affirmative, 4 minutes. 
Negative, 5 minutes. 
Affirmative, 4 minutes. 
Negative, 5 minutes. 
Affirmative rejoinder, 3 minutes. 

Either side may reverse the order of its speakers in rebuttal from that of the main speech; and either one of the affirmative speaken may take the closing rejoinder. 
The presiding officer shall disqualify any team either member of which ignores the second warning of the timekeeper and exceeds the time-limit. (Caution: the debate coaches and individuals compos­ing the teams should have a thorough understanding before the match is begun with the timekeeper concerning the signals which are to be given.) 
Contestant is allowed to finish his sentence after the second warn­
ing of the timekeeper. 
10. 
Judges.-The judges for the debating contests shall be three or other odd number, selected on the basis of capability and impartiality. The judges for the conference contests shall be chosen by the conference executive committee, subject to the approval of a majority of the schools concerned. The area and regional directors of debate shall select competent and unbiased judges for judging the district and regional tournaments, respectively. For the final contest at the University the judges shall be chosen by the State Executive Committee. The judges shall sit apart during a contest in order to hear the speakers from different parts of the auditorium. 

11. 
Schools Represented Not to Be KMwn by the Judges.-So far as possible, the judges shall not know the school a debating team represents, the contestants being designated as being on the "affirma­tive" or "negative" side, and this provision shall be enforced at the State tournament. 

12. 
l118truction to Judges.-A copy of the following instructions shall be given to each judge: "The judges, who shall sit apart during the debate, shall judge the contest as a debate, voting without con­sultation 'Affirmative' or 'Negative' on the merits of the debate, irre­spective of their individual opinions as to the merits of the question. 



Constitution and Rules, Interscholastic League 29 
In deciding which team has done the more effective debating, the judges shall take into consideration argument and delivery in both main and rebuttal speeches. In cases of doubt (that is, where the two teams are about equally balanced) argument shall be stressed relatively more than delivery and rebuttal work more than the main speeches. Furtllermore, the judges shall consider carefully the fol­lowing points: 
"(a) The debaters should show evidence of having done their own 
work. 
"(b) It is unfair to keep opponents in the dark as to the construc­
tive case, in order to spring surprises near the end of the debate. 
"(c) Canned refutation, in which a memorized series of possible 
arguments is culled over for declaiming in the rebuttal, should be 
penalized. 
"(d) Mere declamation is poor debating, as it ignores the very nature and fact of discussion itself. 
"At the close of the debate each judge shall indicate his choice by ballot and deliver it to the presiding officer, who shall inspect the ballots in the presence of the representative of each school and an­nounce the decision." The director of the contest is charged with the responsibility of enforcing these "instructions" and only the most ftagrant delinquency in this matter will be considered grounds for protest. 
13. 
Qualijication.-The highest ranking team in each division shall be eligible to the next higher meet-see Article IX, Sections 1-4. 

14. 
Substitutions.-After a given tournament has begun, no sub­


stitutions on a team which begins the tournament shall be allowed. (See, however, Art. IX, Sec. 7.) 
16. Debates Shall Be Public.-All matched contests in debate among members of the League shall be open to the public. This pro­vision, of course, is not meant to prohibit charging of admission fee. 
16. No Interruptions.-The Chairman shall not permit any inter­ruption of any of the speakers during the debate. 
RULES IN DECLAMATION 
The purpose of the declamation contest is to incite competitive endeavor in mastering the thought of worthwhile selections and in acquiring the art of conveying that thought effectively to an audience. It will be noted that certain standards are set forth in the "Instruc­tions to Judges." These have been very carefully worked out, and represent the best thought and practice in the speech field. These standards, we hope, will not only serve the judge, but will also serve the sponsor as a guide in training pupils who are preparing for the contest. The values of training in declamation are universally ad­mitted, and may be found set forth in 1, 2, 3-order in any standard speech text. The point which we wish to emphasize here is that the League contests may be used to motivate training in this important 
80 The University of TexciB Publication 
art, to improve standards, to furnish helpful comparisons as between schools, and to stimulate intensive effort on the part of the pupils who choose to enter. 
1. Divisions.-There shall be four divisions in declamation in the respective conferences, as follows: (a) Senior Boys, (b) Senior Girls, 
(c) 	
Junior Boys, (d) Junior Girls. In grade school meets there shall be two divisions, as follows: 

(a) 
Junior Boys, (b) Junior Girls. (See Art. VI, Sec. 5.) 


For definitions of the terms "junior" and "senior" see Section 10, Article VII, and note particularly the footnote which sets the age. limit for juniors. 
2. 
Representation.-Each member-school in the League is entitled to enter one declaimer in his or her appropriate division in the con­ference meet. If no more than four schools are entered in any grade or conference meet, schools may double their representation. 

3. 
Eligibility.-Each declaimer must be eligible under Article VIII of the Constitution. Contestants winning first place in Regional meeta in Junior Declamation are disqualified for further participation in this division, see Article VIII, Section 11. 

4. 
Declamations for Senior Boys and for Senior Girls.*-Declama­tions for senior boys and girls are fundamentally orations. They are definitely not dramatic or humorous interpretative readings where characters are impersonated, or where a continuous dialogue between two or more characters is maintained. The declamations required in these divisions shall consist of prose selections lying in the general field of good citizenship. This requirement may be fulfilled by a selection dealing with (1) the fundamental qualities or virtues neces­sary for good citizenship, (2) a story or exposition of noted events or characters that have contributed to the making of America, 


(3) 
selections commemorating Texas heroes, history, and progress, 

(4) 
discussion of a present-day public question or issue. In general, the subjects to be used are intended to lead the students to study the problems of our American system of government and to incite in speakers and hearers aspirations toward a better citizenship. Poetic quotations may be included in a prose selection provided the selection as a whole contains more prose than poetry. Humor may 


*There is a book compiled by Lester C. Boone, formerly an Interscholastic League declaimer, and for some time instructor in public speaking in The University of Texas, now available, entitled " New Declamations." We recommend it as a source of selections for the senior divisions. It contains the "cream of the crop" of recent speeches by the greatest of English·speaking orators. Many, in fact, nearly all, of these declamations are timely, although a few time-honored favorites are included. At least nine-te~ths of the pieces are the right lenirth to meet the League require­ments; the remainder will have to be cut for contest use. The Texas Bookstore, 2224 Guadalupe Street, Austin, Texas, makes an attractive school price of $2.00 postpaid for this volume. 


Constitution and Rules, Interscholastic League 31 
be included, but purely "funny'' pieces will not be allowed. The pur­pose of these contests is to train pupils as public speakers and not aa dramatic readers or mere entertainers. Therefore, a selection ahould be chosen which the speaker adopts as bis own for the purpose of informing, convincing, or persuading the audience he is addressing on a presen~day subject relating to the opportunities and duties of American citizenship. 
5. 
Declamations for Junior Boys and for J-unwr Gtlrls.-All dec­lamations for junior boys and junior girls shall be selected from the prescribed list of poems issued by the State Office, Bulletin No. 4144,* price 10 cents. The titles of the declamations shall be submitted at the drawing, and those not included in the Prescribed List shall be disqualified before the contest begins. 

6. 
Length of Declamations.-No senior declamation shall exceed seven minutes in length. No junior declamation shall exceed five and a half minut.es in length. (See rule 11.) 

7. 
Programs.-The order of speaking in all preliminary contests shall be determined by lot. Aft.er the contestants have drawn for places on the program, they should be placed in a room off the speaking platform or stage. They should appear on the platform or stage alone, deliver their orations and leave the platform or stage. The next speaker should then appear, other speakers following in like fashion until all declaimers have spoken. It is definit.ely recommended that all speakers do not sit on the platform for the duration of the cont.est. It is further recommended that declaimers not announce the author and title of their seleotions. Such announcements should be made by the Director of the contest in this fashion: "Speaker Number 5 has chosen for his selection, 'The American Flag,' by Henry Ward Beecher," or a printed program should inform the audience as to the number of the speaker, title and author of each selection. 


If there are more than nine entries in any one division, preliminaries should be arranged by the Director in charge, reducing the number in the final contest to six. 
8. Programs of Final Contests.-A contest among the regional win­ners in each eligible division shall be held at the University during the State meet, to det.ermine first, second, and third place winners. The order of speaking at the final contest shall be determined by lot. Speakers will appear on the program according to the num­ber each has drawn. Each winner of any regional senior declama­tion cont.est shall send at once a copy of the selection (including title and author) to the Director of Speech Activities, Int.erscholastic League, Austin, Texas. 
•Practice of irivinir special approval to selections not on prescribed list has been dlacontlnued. 
The University of Texu Publication 
9. 
No Ckeering.-ln order to guard against "rooting,'' no cheer­ing shall be permitted during a contest, and the chairman shall see that this rule is strictly enforced. 

10. 
No Coacking.-No speaker shall be coached or prompted in any manner during the delivery of the declamation. 

11. 
Timekeepers.-At each junior declamation contest there shall be a timekeeper, who shall notify the speaker and the presiding officer by ringing a bell, or by other signal, when the speaker has consumed the time-limit of five minutes, in which case the speaker shall be required to conclude in one-half minute. It shall be the duty of the presiding officer to enforce this rule. At each senior declamation contest there shall be a timekeeper, who shall notify the speaker and the presiding offieer by ringing a bell, or by other signal, when the speaker has consumed the time-limit of six and one-half minutes, in which case the speaker shall be required to conclude in one-half minute. It shall be the duty of the presiding officer to enforce this rule. A contestant who continues speaking* after the final warning signal of the timekeeper, shall be disqualified by the presiding officer. 

12. 
Judging.-lt is specifically recommended that a good critic judget be secured to judge all declamation contests. In case one good critic judge cannot be secured, three or any larger odd number of competent judges shall be used. The number and selection of judges shall be the responsibility of the Director of Declamation. 

13. 
Protests on Eligibility of Selections.-Protests on the eligibility of senior declamations must be made, if at all, to the Director in charge of the contest before the decision of the judge is rendered. The Director shall submit the name of the selection and the number of the speaker to the judges for vote without consultation on its eligi­bility. Decision of judges on this matter is final. 

14. 
Original Declamat'ions.-Senior declamations written by stu­dents are eligible for use provided they comply with all above regu­lations. However, such declamations are to be judged on exactly the same basis as any other declamation. 

15. 
Ranking tke Contestants.-At the close of the contest each judge shall rank the speakers by numbers, 1, 2, 3, etc. If the jury plan of judging (three or more judges) is used, a speaker ranked first by a majority of the judges shall be awarded first place. (See Appendix III.) 


In case no speaker is ranked first by a majority of the judges, the contestant the sum of whose ranks is least shall be awarded first 
*A speaker shall be allowed to finish his sentence after the final time warnlnir has been given. However. he shall not be allowed to continue his concludinir aentence indefinitely. 
tA irood critic judire Is one who, because of the ireneral respect maintained for bla judirment on the part of those concerned, Is Invited to rank and criticize accordlns to the official League standards for this event, the achievement of thoee In this contest. He must be able and willinir to evaluate orally and criticize conatructlvely the work of all contestants he judirea. 

Constitution and Rules, Interscholastic League 33 
place. The speakers receiving second and third places, respectively, shall be determined in the same manner; that is, a speaker awarded second place (or higher rank) by a majority of the judges shall be ranked second, and so on. The ranks of the contestants shall be computed either by the judges themselves or by a committee appointed for that purpose. 
16. Qualification.-The junior divisiona in declamation end with the regional meets. The highest ranking contestants in each of the senior divisions are qualified for the next higher meet; see Article IX, Sections 1-4. 
INSTRUCTIONS TO THE JUDGE 
These are the official standards to be used in judging all declama­tion contests. Judges are to be instructed by contest Directors to use only these Standards. Judges will note that two-thirds of the effectiveness of the speaker will depend upon his ability to convince an audience that he has a real desire to say something of value. A mechanically perfect speaker evincing no real desire to communicate is never so effective as that speaker who is not so perfect in me­chanics but who indicates an enthusiastic and sincere urge to com­municate an idea to an audience. It is well to remember that "public speaking is heightened conversation." 
Judges must note that this is not a percentage plan. A judge shall 
not rank speakers by using exact percentages such as: Speaker No. 1, 
92.5 per cent; No. 2, 89.9 per cent; No. 3, 87.2 per cent; etc. The percentages used in these Standards are merely to indicate the rela­tive importance of Mechanics of Delivery compared to Interpretation and Effectiveness in Declaiming. 
Declamation Judging Standards 
I. 	Interpretation and Effectiveness. Approximate value-70%. 
A. Desire to communicate. (This is a very important point.) 
1. 	
Did you feel the speaker had a genuine desire to com­municate ideas to an audience? · 

2. 	
Did the speaker appear to have a real interest in what he said? 

3. 	
Did the speaker make you believe in his sincerity and enthusiasm as he delivered his declamation? 


B. 	Interpretation. (This is a very important point.) 
1. 	
Did the speaker give the audience the spirit, the emotional coloring, and the attitude toward the subject intended by the author? 

2. 	
Did the speaker present the idea of the selection in a clear, intelligible manner which the audience could easily under­stand? 


The University of Texas Publication 
C. 	Directness. (This point refers chiefly to Senior Declamations. It is a very important point.) 
1. 	
Did the speaker talk to, and for, the audience, rather than to the floor, windows, or ceiling? 

2. 	
Was the declamation spoken in a direct, conversational way, or did it appear to be a memorized recital mechan­ically presented? 


D. Suitability. 
1. 	
Was the selection suitable material for this student, or was it too simple, too complicated? 

2. 	
Did the speaker seem to understand the purpose the author had in writing the selection? 


II. 
Mechanics of Delivery. Approximate value-30%. 

A. 
Bodily activity. 


1. 	
Did the body assist the speaker in a natural way? 

2. 	
Did the body hinder the speaker by being stiff and un­responsive? 

3. 	
Did bodily movements attract attention to themselves be­cause they seemed artificial? 

4. 	
Did bodily movements seem so much a part of the speaker that they were not obvious? 


B. Voice. 
1. 	
Was there too much or too little volume? 

2. 	
Was the pitch of the voice too high, too low, too monot­onous? 

3. 	
Was the quality of the voice generally pleasing to the ear? 


C. 	Rate. 
1. 	
Did the speaker talk too fast, too slowly, at a monotonous rate with little variety? 

2. 	
Was there a variety of rate which resulted in emphasis of important points? 

3. 	
Was there a· "sing-song" pattern, or a tiresome repetition of any pattern of speech? 

4. 	
Were the relatively unimportant words (articles, preposi­tions, etc.) properly subordinate to the more important words? 


D. 	Pronunciation and Articulation. 
1. 	
On the whole, were the words pronounced correctly and accurately? 

2. 	
Was there a noticeable use of colloquial, local, vulgar, or obsolete pronunciation? 

3. 	
Were the words used spoken distinctly without being affected or unnatural? 


Constitution and Rules, lnterschol.astic League 35 
RULES IN EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECH 
This contst is perhaps the most valuable and practicable of all speaking contests for the average pupil in high school. Training in this form of Speech can be used in life situations more frequently than all other types of speaking combined. The objectives of the co~test follow: 
(a) 
To encourage friendly competition among the schools in the study, preparation, and delivery of speeches of an extemporaneous nature; 

(b) 
To train students to think, organize their thoughts, and ex­press them clearly and convincingly to an audience. Students should learn to think quickly and to "think on their iieet"; 

(c) 
To encourage a study of our country at war to the end that each individual may render the most effective service; 

(d) 
To show the value of a Speech course in the regular curricu­lum. Schools with a class in Speech have little difficulty in getting students to enter this contest; 

(e) 
To develop in students good speaking voices, leadership, co­ordination of bodily and mental activities as they affect the spoken word, self-confidence, and to realize the power of Speech; 

(f) 
To teach that "there is no loser in any Speech contest." (The judge may not declare you the winner, but he cannot take away from you the benefits which automatically come to you from participation in a speaking contest.) 

(g) 
To encourage school officials to enter students in this contest for the good of the students, not primarily for the sake of winning a contest. 


It is useless, and often positively detrimental, to attempt to pre­pare students for this contest unless it is undertaken early in the fall and preparation made on the field of study outlined in Rule 8 below. Each contestant should keep a notebook and scrapbook, the note-book for outlines as they are made and used and for information gathered in discussion in class and in interviews with citizens who are informed upon one topic or another. The scrapbook should be reserved for clippings from newspapers and periodicals which con­tain later developments of the subject. 
In previous years many schools delayed preparation for this contest until &fter Christmas and hence forced contestants into unwholesome "cramming" which in most cases did more harm than good. Teachers are earnestly warned that unless the preparation for the contest may be made gradually and in a systematic manner, it is best to forego It altogether. 
1. Di11ilriona.-There shall be two divisions in extemporaneous 11>eech: (1) boys; (2) girls. 
The University of Texas Publication 
2. 
Representation.--Each member high school having eligible con­testants may enter in the Conference Meet two contestants in extempo­raneous speech: one boy and one girl. If no more than four schools are entered in either division, schools may double their representation in that division. 

3. 
Eligibility.-Each pupil entered in extemporaneous speech must be eligible under Article VIII of the Constitution. Furthermore, only pupils in high school are eligible in this contest. 

4. 
Topics.-The competition in extemporaneous speech during the current year shall be based upon "The Home Front." 

5. 
Drawing.-The Director in charge shall clip up the circular con­taining topics, leaving one topic on each slip. These slips shall be placed in a hat or other receptacle and each contestant shall be re­quired to draw out five slips. He may then take as his topic any one of the five slips so drawn. After the contestant has made his selec­tion and the Director in charge has duly recorded it, the five slipa which he has chosen shall be placed back in the hat and the slips mixed before the next contestant draws; and so on. If preliminaries are necessary, the process shall be repeated for selection of topics for the final contest. The judges shall be furnished with the topic each contestant has chosen. 

6. 
Timing the Preparation Period.-It will be found convenient to provide at least two rooms for the contestants in extemporaneous speech. From room No. 1, in which the drawing occurs, the first speaker is admitted to room No. 2. If possible, assign a different preparation room for each speaker in order that he may have com­plete privacy in preparing his speech. He prepares his speech in this room and at the end of half an hour is sent on to the audi­torium to deliver his speech, the Director having, in the meantime, admitted other speakers at about five-minute intervals to the Prepara­tion Room, and so on until the contest is completed. 


Speakers may use magazines and other source material* to assist in preparing their speeches. Contest in extemporaneous speaking should be as nearly like a normal speaking situation in real life aa possible. It is not the purpose of this contest to test the speaker on what he has read. This is a contest to indicate how well the speaker can organize, present and deliver his thoughts to an audience, based on what he has read. However, the speaker may not use notes containing more than 100 words when he delivers his speech. See Rule 14. 
7. Length of Speec.hes.-Extemporaneous speeches shall not be longer than eight minutes or shorter than four minutes. A time­keeper shall be provided for each contest who shall notify the speaker 
•Source material ia defined as m...azlnee, boQks, periodicals, newapapen or clippinp from such. Typed, written or mlmeoirraphed notee, speechee, or outllnee are not defined as source material and cannot be taken Into or used In preparation 
rooms. 
Constitution and Rules, Interscholastic League 37 
by ringing a bell, or by other signal, when he has consumed seven minutes of time. At the end of eight minutes the speaker shall again be warned by an adequate signal. Speakers who go over the time­limit shall be disqualified by the Director of the contest.* Speakers who do not consume four minutes of their time shall be disqualified by the Director of the contest. 
8. Sources.-A daily paper and any of the many news-magazines will be helpful as sources in keeping up with "The Home Front." The "home front" means the fighting front at home, or the attitudes and activities of civilians which forward or retard the winning of the war. News of "Rationing," "Strikes," "Inflation," "War Frauds," "Profiteers," "Buying Bonds," "Scrap Drives," and so on will be the subject-matter with which the contestants will be expected to be familier. Schools will be kept in touch with available publications and lists of topics through the Extemporaneous Speech column in the 
Leaguer.t 
9. Judging.-lt is specifically recommended that a good critic judge:f: be secured to judge all extemporaneous speaking contests. In case one good critic judge cannot be secured, three or any larger odd number of competent judges shall be used. The number and selection of judges shall be the responsibility of the Director of Extemporaneous Speaking. 
The Director of the contest should be certain that the judge or judges read and understand all rules and standards before the contest begins. 
10. 
Ranking of Contestants.-The same method of ranking con­testants shall be used (in case three or more judges judge the con­test) as is provided for ranking contestants in declamation. 

11. 
Preliminaries.-In case there are more than nine entries in any meet in this event, there shall be held a pr()liminary which shall reduce the number for the final contest to six. In case this is neces­sary, a new set of topics shall be prepared for the final. 


•A speaker shall be allowed to finish his sentence after the final time warning baa been 1rlven. How~ver, he ehall not be aUowed to continue "concludinir the oentence" indeftnitel:v. 
tit is suggested that every high school should have a "Victory Speakers' Bureau" to serve as a clearinir house for information on vital public questions. Not only ehould members of the Bureau be ready to discuss and interpret public questions to the school assembly, but the better speakers of the Bureau should be offered to community meetings, to clubs and to proirram committees for special occasions, patriotic celebrations, and the like. This is an opportunity for genuine community service and at the same time 1rivee high-school boys and girls valuable practice in research and in public speaking. 
iA good critic judge is one who, because of the general respect maintained for hie judirment on the part of thoee concerned, is invited to rank and criticize accordinll' to the ofllclal Leairue standard for this event, the achievement of those in this contest. He must be able and w!Jllnir to evaluate orally and criticise conetructivel:r the work of all conteetanta he jud1ree. 
The University of Texas Publication 
12. 
Announcement of the Topic.-The Director in charge of the contest shall announce the title drawn by each speaker. The Director must see that the judge or judges have these topics before th41 speakers begin to talk. The practice of having each speaker announce his own topic before beginning to speak should be discouraged. 

13. 
Qualification.-The highest ranking contestant in each division shall be eligible for the next higher meet; see Article IX, Sections 1-4. 

14. 
Inspection of Notes.-The Director in charge of the contest shall not permit the contestant notes exceeding 100 words in length for use in speaking. 


INSTRUCTIONS TO THE JUDGE 
You are instructed that this is a contest in extemporaneous speak· ing, and you should bear this fact in mind when you arrive at your decision. Each contestant has been furnished with a list of topics half an hour before the contest began, and from this list he has chosen the topic upon which he will speak. During this half-hour he has received no assistance from any one in the planning and organizing of his speech. Each speaker is to be judged on his merits. Notes shall not exceed 100 words, and shall be inspected by the official in charge of the "preparation room." You shall base your judgment upon effective extemporaneous speaking as defined below. 
"Extemporaneous Speech is applied to that which is spoken without the use of a manuscript, provided it has not been learned by heart; the term does not exclude preparation, as does impromptu which ap· plies to that which is uttered on the spur of the moment." 
Extemporaneous Speaking Judging Standards 
Before arriving at your final decision in the ranking of speakers, please consider the following basic standards of effective extempo­raneous speaking: 
I. Effectiveness in Extemporaneous Speaking. Approximate value­55 % • 
A. Desire to communicate. (This is a very important point.) 
1. 	
Did you feel the speaker had a genuine desire to com­municate ideas to an audience? 

2. 	
Did the speaker appear to have a real interest in what he said? 

3. 	
Did the speaker make you believe in his sincerity and enthusiasm as he delivered his speech? 


B. 	Directness. (This is a very important point.) 
1. 	Did the speaker talk to, and for, the audience rather than to the floor, windows, and ceiling. 
Constitution and Rules, Interscholastic League 39 
2. 	
Was the speech given in a direct, conversational way, or did it appear to be a memorized recital mechanically pre­sented'! 

3. 	
Did the speaker pay too close attention to his notes? 


C. 	Use of Language. 
1. 	
Did the speaker use vivid, definite words, and was his vocabulary adequate? 

2. 	
Did the language used by the speaker make his points clear to the audience? 

3. 	
Did the speaker talk in a way which was grammatically correct? 


II. 
Use of Material. Approximate valu~30%. 

A. 
Organization. 


1. 	
Was there a definite introduction, and did it catch the attention of the audience? 

2. 	
Was the Main Body of the speech organized so it was easy to follow the important points of the speech? 

3. 	
Did the conclusion clinch what the speaker advocated in the Main Body of his speech? 


B. Choice of Material. 
1. 	
Did the speaker stick to his subject? 

2. 	
Was there evidence that the speaker had done sufficient reading on his topic? 

3. 	
Did the speaker have a tendency to generalize rather than discuss fully a specific topic? 


lll. Mechanics of Delivery. Approximate valu~16%. For details see "Mechanics of Delivery" under Declamation, page 34. 
RULES IN READY WRITERS CONTEST 
1. 
Representation.-Each member-school shall be allowed to enter one contestant, either boy or girl, in its appropriate Conference, at the Conference meet. 

2. 
Eligibility.-Each pupil entered in this contest must be eligible under Article VIII of the Constitution. 

3. 
Length of Composition.-The composition must be not over 1,000 words in length. 

4. 
Method of Conducting the Contest.-Themes to be eligible for submission in this contest shall be written under the following con­ditions: 


a. 
Contestants in all divisions shall be assembled and distributed sparsely over the room. 

b. 
Uniform stationery shall be provided by the respective con­testants, 81hxll inches (letter size), and the compositions must be written on one side in ink. 

c. 
The contestants shall be numbered consecutively, beginning with "1," the final number representing the total number of contestants engaging in the contest. Each contestant shall enter the number as­signed him in the upper right hand corner of first sheet of his manu­script and enclose it in parentheses. He shall then write on a slip of paper his number, county, school, his own name and his postoftice address, and enclose this slip in an envelope, which shall be sealed and attached to his manuscript when it is turned in to the Director. 

d. 
Topics for all divisions shall be furnished by the State Office to the Director General, who shall transmit them in a sealed envelope to the Director on the day of the contest. Five topics shall be fur­nished, all within the range of the average pupil's study, observation, and experience. The Director. or person designated by him, shall copy all five topics on the blackboard, and each contestant may select from this list the topic upon which he wishes to write. 

e. 
Each contestant shall write the subject he has chosen in full about two inches beneath the top of the first sheet and begin the body of his composition about an inch beneath the title. An inch margin should be left on the left of the page. The pages should be numbered in the upper left hand corner, without parentheses, to dis­tinguish the page number from the number assigned the contestant. 

f. 
The Director shall designate three persons to conduct this con­test, to correct any irregularities, prevent any communication between contestants, or any reference on the part of contestants to notes or books or printed matter of any character. One of these persons con­ducting the contest shall be designated by the Director as timekeeper, and when two hours shall have elapsed from the time when the Di­rector writes the subjects on the board, all of the manuscripts shall 


Constitution and Rules, lnterschol.astic League 41 
be gathered up and delivered to the Director, fifteen minutes warning of the time-limit to be given to the contestants by the timekeeper. 
5. 
Judges.-The Director shall select a committee of three prop­erly qualified and impartial judges, exclusive of teachers whose schools are represented in the contest in the class to be judged, each of whom shall read all of the essays submitted in the class to be judged, and shall rank them in order of their excellence: 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. After the ranks have been indicated on each paper, the Director shall deter­mine first, second, and third place from the ranks of the judges in the same manner prescribed for ranking declamation contestants. 

6. 
Instructions to Judges.-Each judge shall be given a copy of the following instructions: 


"The Director shall select a committee of three properly qualified and impartial judges, exclusive of teachers whose schools are repre­sented in the contest, to grade the compositions as to relative excel­lence in interest, organization, and correctness of style. Interest means originality of thought and freshness of treatment such as to get and hold the reader's attention whether the subject discussed be large or small. Organization implies clearness in plan of the com­position as a whole, care for its unity and coherence, and also for the unity and ooherence of the separate paragraphs. Correctness of style applies, first, to sentences, their proper punctuation and grammar, and, second, to words, their proper usage and spelling. While the judges are to take into account all three of these elements in selecting the most effective composition, they shall stress the element of inter­est more than either of the other two, and the element of organization more than correctness of style." 
7. Qualijication.-The two highest ranking contestants in each conference shall be eligible to entry in the next higher meet, see Article IX, Sections 1-4. 
RULES IN SPELLING AND PLAIN WRITING 
1. Divisions.-Divisions shall be made on a grade basis in 11-grade systems, as follows: (a) Grades IV and V; (b) Grades VI and VII; 
(c) Grades VIII and above. In 12-grade systems, numbering of grades is advanced by one. 
2. 
Representation.-Each member-school is entitled to enter a team of two in each division for which it has eligible grades.• Thus a Grade school having the usual seven grades may enter two teams, one in the division for Grades· IV and V and one in the division for Grades VI and VII. A high school may enter only one team; i.e., in the division entitled "VII and above." 

A team may be composed of two boy~. two girls. or a girl and a boy. 

3. 
Eligibility.-Each pupil entered in the spelling contest must be eligible under the rules set forth in Article VIII of this Constitution. 

4. 
Word Sources.-The sources from which words shall be taken for this contest in the respective qivisions follow; Grades IV and V: League Spelling List, Grades IV and V, and "Using Words" (State Adopted Text) for Second and Third Year. 


Grades VI and VII: League Spelling List, Grades VI and VU, and "Using Words" (State Adopted Text) for Third and Fourth Year. 
High School: League Spelling List for High School, and "Let's Learn to Spell" (State Adopted Text) for Sixth and Seventh Grades, and "Texas Modern-Life Speller" (State Adopted Text) for Eighth Grade.t 
Bulletin No. 4133 contains all three of the League spelling lists­see Appendix V. 
5. Test-Lists.-The State Office of the League shall furnish three lists to the Director General of each meet, the words therein given to be written from dictation by contestants in spelling, aa follows: 
a. 
Grades IV and V list shall be made up from sources prescribed above for this division, ninety words to be pronounced at the rate of five words per minute. 

b. 
Grades VI and Vil list shall be made up from sources prescribed above for this dh·ision, one hundred and twenty words, to be pro­nounced at the rate of six words per minute. 

c. 
Grades VIII and Above list shall be made up from sources above prescribed for this division, one hundred and twenty words, pro­nounced at the rate of six words per minute. 


•In case a school has only one pupil in the elleible erades of a elven dlYlslon. the team may be completed by a pupil 1elected from the next lower erade. 
tit will be noted that aaslenments to State Adopted Text are In the nature of a review. 
Constitution and Rules, Interscholastic League 43 
These three lists shall be enclosed in a sealed envelope and deliT­ered to the Director of Spelling by the Director General on the day set for the spelling contest. The seal of this envelope shall be broken in the presence of the contestants after they are assembled and ready to begin. 
7. 
Equipment.-The contestant shall come to his appropriate di­vision provided with ordinary theme-tablet paper ( 8 lh xll), and with either lead pencil or pen and ink. 

8. 
Homonyma.-The pronouncer should be careful to distinguish between words which sound alike but have different meanings. Thus, if he pronounces the word "bass," he should be careful to say "basa drum," or "bass voice," to distinguish it from "base," meaning "low or mean." 

9. 
Monitors.-The monitors of the contest may, at the option of the Director, be appointed to see that the contest is conducted fairly. Contestants should be separated from each other as far as space in the room permits, and any attempt on the part of a contestant to copy from another should be noted by the monitors or pronouncer, who shall report to the Director, who may disqualify the contestant. 

10. 
Identification.-ldentification of spelling papers shall be by number. The Spelling Director shall keep a list of all contestants, address, school, class, and division in which each is competing, and shall number the entries consecutively, assigning each contestant hia appropriate number, which he shall be instructed to place on his paper, in the upper right hand corner. 

11. 
Graders.-The papers shall be gathered up immediately after the close of the contest by the pronouncer and be delivered to the Director of Spelling, or person acting for him. He shall appoint competent judges to grade the spelling papers, none of whom shall be connected with any of the schools entered in the contest. 

12. 
Team Grade.-The team grade is determined by deducting from 100 one point for each error made by each member of the team. 

13. 
Winning Team.-The team making the highest grade is given first place; the team making next highest grade is given second place: and the team making next highest grade is given third place; and points are awarded according to schedule in Article X, Section 3. 


It is the duty of the Director of Spelling to mail all papers graded 100% in the Conference meet to the State Office for re-grading and award. Only the 100% papers should be sent, and they must be sent within ten days after the Conference contest is concluded in order to be eligible for award, which consists of the League Certificate of Excellence in Spelling and Plain Writing. 
In submitting these papers to the State Office, it is necessary for the Director of Spelling to identify each paper by writing thereon the name and address of the contestant, the name of the school represented and the class and division in which the pupil competed. 
The University of Texas Publication 
14. T"'8 Spelling List.-The publication referred to in these rulee as "The Spelling List" is The University of Texas Bulletin No. 4033, and is entitled "Words for the Spelling and Plain Writing Contest." The price is 5 cents per copy, 25 cents per dozen, and $1 per hundred, postpaid. 
INSTRUCTION TO GRADERS 
1. 
The correct spelling of a word consists in writing legibly the letters which compose it in their proper order. 

2. 
The first authority is the spelling list, which follows in nearly every case the first spellinc given in the latest edition of Webster's International Dictionary. 

3. 
In case any word is misspelled in any edition of the spelling list, that word is not to be considered in grading the spelling papera. 

4. 
The following faults• in handwriting shall be considered errora: 


a. 
An undotted "i" or "j" or an uncrossed "t." (A "Parker" "r" is admissible if it passes legibility test; also "final t"; see "e" below. 

b. 
A looped "i" or an unlooped "e" or "l." 

c. 
An "n" or "m" not curved at the top. 

d. 
A small letter beginning a word which rises as high as the two or three-spaced letters in the word or which rises as much u one space above the other one-space letters in the word shall be considered a capital. 

e. 
An "o" not closed, or looped at the top. 

f. 
Furthermore, any malformed lettert or illegible letter, if considered out of its context, is considered a miss. A freakish affectation in writing, such as putting a circle instead of a dot over an "i" is considered a miss. 


[Note.-To determine whether or not a given letter is illegible, place a blank piece of paper on either Bide of it, thus separating it from its context, and then see whether or not the character may be identified.] 
5. 
The misuse of an apostrophe or hyphen is considered a miss, and a mistake in capitalization is also considered a miss. 

6. 
Words are to be pronounced in regular order in the lists fur­nished, and any word omitted is a miss. In cases where all papers omit the same word, it is considered evidence that the pronouncer failed to give this word, so it is not considered a miss. 


•Thia list of faults has been compiled from a study of thousands of papaa eubmltted In the State contests in spellinir, and lneieience by teachere on •tu­dents correctinir these faults will do much, it Is hoped, to Improve the leirfhWq of their pupils' writlnir. For illustration of these faults, """ Appendix I. 
tFor illustration of malformed letters which are considered errors, see "Writing Errors," Appendix I. 
RULES IN CHORAL SINGING 
This contest is undertaken in cooperation with the State Depart­ment of Education, and through the State Director of Music, Miss Nell Parmley, is articulated with the music program of the Department. The Rules follow: 
1. Divisions.-There shall be two divisions in this contest. (a) Choirs of not more than 20 pupils; (b) Choirs of more than 20 pupils. 
Schools having as many as 60 pupils enrolled, as of February 1, shall not be permitted to enter Division (a), but must compete, if at all, in Division (b). 
No choir containing fewer than nine pupils exclusive of the Director shall be admitted to this contest. 
2. Representation.-Each member-school shall be permitted to enter only one choir in the meet. 
8. Eligibilit11.-All pupils entered in this contest shall be eligible under Article VIII of the Constitution. 
4. 
Sources.-Songs are published under the title "Interscholastic League Song Book," 1941-42, and same title for 1942-43, and selec­tions with page references appear following these choral singing rules. 

5. 
Director.-The Director General of the meet in which the contest is to occur is authorized to appoint a Director. 

6. 
Conducting the Contest.-The choirs in each division shall draw for places on the program. The Director of the Contest shall draw from the appropriate list one unison and one two-part song for presenta­tion by the choirs. After these songs have been presented, each of the choirs in this division shall be permitted to choose one song from the "optional" list and present it. If the song has more than two stanzas, two stanzas, and only two stanzas, of the selection shall be sung. 

7. 
Judges.-The Director of the Contest shall appoint three, or greater odd number of competent judges, none of whom shall be con­nected with any of the participating schools. The same method of ranking the competing choirs shall be used as is prescribed for ranking contestants in declamation. 

8. 
Instructions to Judges.-In ranking the contesting choirs, the judges shall consider technical accuracy, tone production, intelligence of phrasing, interpretation, and stage appearance. 

9. 
Choir Director.-The conductor of the choir may be a pupil eligible under Article VIII of the Constitution and Rules or a teacher who is employed by the school whose choir is participating. The pupil-director may sing with the choir or not, as he chooses. The teacher-director may not sing with the choir. 


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10. Memorize Songs.-Contestants are not permitted to use books or copies of songs while competing, but must sing the contest selec­tions from memory. Any two stanzas of the song selected may be presented, but only two stanzas. 
11. No Accompaniment.-The prelude may be played on phono­graph or other instrument, but the songs shall be sung without accompaniment. 
12. Starting.-Any method of starting the choir is permissible, and choice is within the discretion of the director of the choir. 
SONGS FOR CHORAL SINGING CONTESTS, 1943-44 
Required Liat 
PAGE 
For Unison Singing: 
Forest Peace --------------------------------------------------------------------4 (41-42)"' Come, Ye Thankful People, Come --------------------------------5 (41-42) Morning-Glories --------------------------------------------------------------8 (41-42) Day of Sunshine, A --------------------------------------------------------13 (41-42) Counting Ten ----------------------------------------------·--------------------10 (41-42) 
For Two-Part Singing: 
Fairy Ring, The ------------------------------------------------------------­3 (41-42) Hungarian Dancing Song ---------------------------------------------­2 (41-42) Caraway and Cheese ------------------------------------------------------23 (41-42) Autumn Song------------------------------------------------------------··------12 (41-42) Italian Street Song --·-··------------·······--·--···------------····---···-·· 14 (41-42) 
Optional List 
For Unison Singing: 
Hope, the Hermit ------·····---------------·-··-----····-·-··-·····-----····· 22 ( 41-42) Wioste Olowan ------------------····---------------··-·------···--------····-· 6 ( 42-43) t Maid of Monterey, The ---··-··--------------·-··-------·-·-------······-12 (42-43) Sailor Song ------------------------···---····--··------------------········----·· 24 ( 42-43) Cossack Dance ·----···-·····--·····-----···-··---···--·---······-··-··--·--····-21 ( 42-43) 
For Two-Part Singing: 
Spanish Christmas Carol, A -----··--------------·-·····------····----6 (42-43) Beautiful Blue Danube, The--------------------···-----····-··------8 (42-43) Canci6n de Cuna ------------·····-----------·-··----··---·--------··-·····-··-17 ( 42-43) At the Window ·----------------------·····--·-·-··-···-·············----····· 18 ( 42-43) Dancing the Old Gavotte -----··-------··--·-----------------------····-· 17 ( 42-43) 
• (41-42) means these songs were taken from the Interscholastic League Choral Singing Contests song booklet for 1941-1942. This booklet may be purchased from the League, see Publication list, Appendix V. t(42-43) means these songs were taken from the Interscholastic League Choral Singing Contests song booklet for 1942-1943. This booklet may be purchased from the League, see Publication list, Appendix V. 
NUMBER SENSE CONTEST 
1. Representation.-In Grade School meets, a team shall be com­posed of a minimum of two members from the grade next below the high school. If, however, this grade has more than 100 pupils enrolled on February 1, one member shall be added to the minimum of two per team for every fifty, or fraction thereof, enrolled in excess of 100. • 
In Conference Meets, each high ~chool is entitled to enter a team of two. The two highest ranking ccntestants in the Conference Meet are qualified for the next higher meet. 
2. 
Eligibility.-In addition to satisfying eligibility requirements for literary contestants set forth in Article VIII of the Constitution, only pupils in the seventh grade in 11-grade systems and eighth grade in 12-grade systems shall be permitted to enter this contest. 

3. 
Contest Problems.-The contest problems shall be furnished from the State Office to the Director General in a sealed enveloJ>41 which shall not be opened until the contestants are assembled and ready to begin. The problEtmS shall be of the same general nature a11 those contained in the League Bulletin entitled "Developing Number Sense." 

4. 
Conducting the Contest.-During the contest, only the Director of Number Sense, and a committee of three graders appointed by the Director General to grade the papers, shall be permitted to remain in the room. The Director in charge shall number the folded sheet, and keep memoranda of the name, address, and school of each con­testant to correspond to the numbers respectively assigned, so that the papers at the close of the test may be readily identified. The contestants shall be instructed not to unfold the test-sheets until the signal is given for the contest to begin. After exactly ten minutes another signal shall be given, and each contestant shall then be re­quired to rise and fold his test-sheet and be ready to deliver it to the person designated to collect the sheets. Each contestant shall be instructed to write his answer down immediately following the problem without attempting to solve the problem on paper, in accord­ance with instruction on the test-sheet. This is a test in mental arithmetic, and only the results of calculations arrived at without the use of pencil and paper should be accepted. The Director of the contest may disqualify a contestant for violating these instructions. 


•Example: Enrolled in grade next below high school on February l, 525. By adding 
one member to minimum team of two for each fifty, or fraction thereof, above 100, 
we get a team of eleven members. 
The University of Texas Publication 
5. Determining the Winner.-At the close of the ten-minute pe­riod, all of the papers shall be collected and immediately placed in the hands of the graders, who shall carefully grade the papers, by the key, awarding each contestant five points for each problem solved. The sum of the points thus awarded shall be considered the gross grade of the contestant. From the gross grade five points shall be deducted for each problem not solved or skipped. Those problema occurring after the last problem solved or attempted are not con­sidered skipped and hence no deduction for them is made. Second place goes to the contestant making the next highest net grade, third place to the next highest, and so on. An illegible figure shall be con­sidered an error, and the same test for determining legibility shall be applied as is prescribed in the Spelling Rules. (See "Note" to In­struction No. 4-f, page 44. 
All fractions in test papers must be reduced to lowest terms. 
The team. grade is determined by dividing the total number of points (net grades) made by the individuals composing the team by the number of individuals composing the team. The team scoring highest wins the team-event, the second highest second place, and so on. 
6. Assistance.-One copy of the bulletin entitled "Developing Num­ber Sense" will be mailed free (upon request) to each member-school. The bulletin contains a thousand or more number-sense problems, which may be used in class-room drills. For price of additional copies, see Official List of League Publications, Appendix V. The League also furnishes practice test-sheets at one cent per sheet, but no order filled for less than 10 sheets of a. given test. Starred prob­lems on test-sheets require only approximate answers, i.e., they per­mit 5% error; unstarred problems require e:i:act answers. 
An aid available now is a bulletin entitled "How to Teach Number Sense," Bulletin No. 3842, price 25 cents per copy. The teacher will find this an excellent help in systematizing her teaching of "Number Sense." 
7. 
Award.-Each winning Arithmetic team in the conference meet is awarded from the State Office a certificate evidencing this accom­plishment, upon due certification to the State Office from the Con­ference Director General. 

8. 
Grculers.-A committee of competent and unbiased graders shall be appointed by the Director General to grade the papers produced in the contest and report the grades to the Director of the contest. 


ONE-ACT PLAY CONTEST 

Let these general objectives be kept in mind as directors and stu­dents participate in One-Act Play contests. It is the purpose of this work: (a) to encourage a friendly rivalry between schools on the basis that it is more important to do a good play well than it is to win at any cost; (b) to stimulate an activity which may be used to advantage during leisure time after graduation; (c) to encourage schools to enter the contest because of the enjoyment and values students receive rather than entering for the sole purpose of winning a trophy; (d) to foster an appreciation of good acting, good direct­ing, good plays, and to stimulate interest in contest dramatics; 
(e) 
to show the value of and the need for teamwork and cooperation in any group effort; (f) to lose or win graciously knowing that fre­quently there is "victory in defeat"; learn to accept defeat as an indication that our efforts did not adequately reach standards of perfection; learn to win without believing we have reached perfection, and to accept the decision of judges without complaint or protest; 

(g) 
to encourage acceptance of the belief that dramatics has a definite reason for existing in the curricula of our schools; (h) to show that contest play production is "a lot of fun" regardless of the outcome of the contest. "There are no losers in a One-Act Play con­test" because the advantages which accrue from participation far outweigh the mere winning or losing of a contest. 


RULES OF CONTEST 
1. 
Representation.-Each member-high school is entitled to enter a cast in its conference meet. 

2. 
Eligibility.-Each member of a One-Act Play cast shall be eligible under Article VIII of the Constitution. Musicians off-stage, members of mobs, or other individuals making off-stage contributions to the play which are specifically called for by the script are con­sidered members of the cast and must be eligible. This does not include faculty members, janitors and such assistants who operate switch boards, shift scenery, apply make-up, etc. Only ten individ­uals will be eligible to receive lodging and rebate at the State tourna­ment. 

3. 
Eligible Plays.-The judge or judges shall be instructed to elim­inate from consideration ha judging: 


a. 
Plays requiring more than forty minutes in presentation. 

b. 
Plays that use other than the simplest settings and costumes, 


The University of Texas Publication 
or that depend at any point for their effectiveness as a play upon scenic or costume effects.• 
c. 	
Plays that require more than ten individuals in the cast. 

d. 	
Plays which require the use of a gun, pistol, or any other firearm in any way.t 

e. 	
Plays that use a curtain at any time during the performance to indicate passage of time, change of scene, or for any other purpose.:j: 

f. 	
Plays appearing in the last State Contest: "'V' As in Vic­tory," by Christopher Sergei; "The Pot Boiler," by Alice Gerstenberg; "Eternal Life," by Fred Eastman; "The Severed Cord," by Maxine Finsterwald; "Mooncalf Mugford," by Duffield and Leary; "Antic Spring," by Robert Nail; "John Doe," by Bernard V. Dryer. 

g. 	
Plays not on the official prescribed list§ issued by the State Office of the League, or that have not been granted an official statement from the State Office definitely approving of the play. 


4. Tiniekeeper.-The Director shall appoint an official timekeeper and in case any play requires more than forty minutes in presenta­tion, the timekeeper shall so notify the Director of the contest, who shall disqualify the play. 
In no case shall the Director of the contest or the judge serve as a timekeeper. The length of the play shall be determined by the time elapsed from the opening curtain to the closing curtain. 
5. Faculty Director.-If a director of a One-Act Play in any school is not a regular faculty member, the cast is not eligible to partici­pate unless the director is formally designated for the work by recommendation of the superintendent and approval by the school board. 
6. Qualification.-The winning play is qualified to enter the next higher meet. 
*Only simple cloth cycloramas, simple box sets, and the simplest of exterior scenes can be used. Scenery or set pieces built especially for any specific play cannot be used. Sets using no scenery at all are permissible. Example: "The Pot-Boiler:• Use of costumes other than those of the simplest type cannot be allowed. 
tA wooden model painted to represent a real gun is permitted. Discharge of a gun off....tage is not permitted, nor is the use of any explosive to represent the discharge of a gun allowed. This includes cap pistols. The purpose of this provision Is to protect children from the danger of using guns or explosives. 
iPlays may use a "blackout" to indicate lapse of time, change of scene, or for a "ftaahback," but no actual change of setting may be made. "Spots" and other aimple lighting devices may be used. 
§A bulletin containing the titles of plays on the ~reacribed list will be sent to the superintendent of each high school in the State in October. Copies of the list may be secured by writing to the Director of Speech Activities, Interscholutlc L-..ae. Austin, Texas. 
Constitution and Rules, Interscholastic League 51 
7. 
Entry and Selection of Play.-Schools desiring to enter this contest must notify the State Office and request an Entry Form. When this is furnished, the school shall fill in the information re­quested thereon and return to the State Office and send duplicate of entry card to the Director of One-Act Play in which the school expects to participate. 

No entries will be accepted for the current school year after Febru­ary 1. Acknowledgment of entry is mailed immediately upon receipt of entry in the State Office, and this acknowledgment should be kept as evidence that entry was made by the required date. 

8. 
Critic Judge Recommended.-It is recommended that a critic judget be secured to judge all One-Act Play contests. In case one good critic cannot be secured, three or any larger odd number of competent judges may be used. The number and selection of judges shall be the responsibility of the Director of One-Act Play Contests. 


The Director of the contest should be certain that the judge or judges read and understand all rules and standards before the contest begins. The decision of the judge, or judges, is final. See Article XII. 
9. 
List of Properties.-Each school entering the contest shall pro­vide the Director of the contest with a complete list of heavy properties ten days before the date of the contest. 

10. 
Prescribed List of Plays.*-A list of plays is sent to member­schools. All schools are required to use only plays from this list. The only exception to this rule is the following: any director wishing to produce a play not on the prescribedi list, may send that play to the Interscholastic League Director of Speech Activities. If such a play is officially approved, a statement to that effect will be sent to the director requesting the approval. 

11. 
Royalty.-No manager assumes any responsibility for payment of royalty. A school which presents a royalty-play without having paid royalty or received permission from royalty-holder shall be suspended from further participation in this competition for the remainder of the current school year. 


tA irood critic judire Is one who, because of the general respect maintained for his judirment on the part of those concerned, is invited to rate and criticize accordinir to the official League standards for this event, the achievement of those in this contest. He must be able and willinir to evaluate orally and criticize constructively the work of all contestants be judges. 
A list of recommended qualifted critic judges may be secured from the Director of Speech Activities. 
•Coples of all plays on this list may be secured for examination from the Drama Loan Library. No more than ten plays will be sent to one person at a time. They may be kept only seven days. Plays will not be sent to students. The plays lent by this library are for reading and examination purposes only. No part of any play or book lent by the Drama Loan. Library may be copied. Production copies must be purchased from the publishing companies. Address requests to the Director of Speech Activities. 
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12. 
Drawing.-Aft.er the closing date for entries, the Director of One-Act Play is authorized to "draw" places for appearance of the casts on the program, and shall notify all competing schools of their places immediately aft.er the drawing. 

13. 
No Prompting.-There shall be no prompting during a per· formance by anyone who is off-stage or out of the acting area. 


14. Program Copy.­
a. 	
The director of the winning cast shall mail immediately to the Director of the one-Act Play in the next higher meet his cast of characters in program form and list of heavy properties needed. 

b. 	
It shall be the duty of the Director of One-Act Play to send a complete report to the Stat.e Office immediat.ely aft.er the contest is held. 

c. 	
The Director of One-Act Play shall furnish the judge or judges with a list of the plays to be produced, in the order they are to be seen, and a list of the characters (not the names of the students portraying the roles) for each play. This is to enable the judge or judges to make decisions con­cerning all-star cast and other individual acting awards. This list, or a copy of the program, must be given to the judge before the cont.est. 


15. Judging.-Contest Directors may use one of two plans of judging. Where one critic judge is used, the "rating" plan shall be followed. Where three or more judges are used the "ranking" plan 
shall be followed. It is almost impossible to devise a method whereby three or more judges can use a rating plan successfully and, at the same time, select the play which will advance to the next higher meet. For that reason, when three or more judges are used, they shall not attempt to rate the plays, but shall rank them 1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc. 
"Rating" plan of judging: The following plan shall be used to judge all preliminary one-act play contests where only one critic judge is used: In each cont.est the judge shall first select one play to advance to the next higher meet. The other plays in the contest shall be rated as follows: Superior, Excellent, Good, Average. One or more plays may receive any of these ratings depending upon the decision of the judge. In addition to selecting a play which shall be eligible to advance to the next higher meet, the judge shall select from the plays receiving a Superior rating one play which shall be designat.ed as an alternate. The alternate play shall advance to the next higher meet only in case the winning play cast does not find it possible to participate in the next higher contest. 
Constitution and Rules, Interscholastic League 53 
"Ranking" plan of judging: All contests using three or more judges shall be judged according to the plan which has been in effect as prescribed in "Declamation" rules. 
The "rating" plan is recommended over the "ranking" plan. 
INSTRUCTIONS TO THE JUDGE 
These standards were adopted as the official standards for judging Interscholastic League One-Act Plays and each judge shall judge the plays accordingly. This is not a point or percentage plan. The approximate percentages indicated are merely guides, and are not to be used to give plays exact percentage rankings. The standards were devised to assist the judge as he evaluates the plays. They are of value to directors as they prepare their plays for competition. 
JUDGING STANDARDS* 
I. 	Acting. Value: about 55%. 
A. 	Voice.-Could you hear the actors distinctly? Was the rate too fast or too slow? Was there a variety of rate and inflec­tion? Was pronunciation and articulation properly done for each character? If dialect was used, was it done correctly and naturally? 
B. 	Characterization.-Was there a complete bodily and mental re-creation of the character by the actor? Did we "believe" the actor's characterization all the time he was on stage? (This point, Characterization, is a very important one.) 
C. 	Movement.-Were the movements of the actor in keeping with the character? Was there a great deal of random move­ment? Was the pantomime accurate and convincing? Did the actor seem to have a well controlled, poised body? 
D. 	Contrast.-Were there clearly contrasting moods in speeches? Were emotional transitions natural and effective? Did the play seem to have a sameness or seem to be monotonous to watch? 
E. 	Ensemble.-Did you feel a smoothness of action which indi­cates teamwork among the actors? Was it a closely knit, rhythmically correct show? 
F. 	Timing.-Did the actors pick up cues rapidly? Did the movements of the actors slow down the tempo of the show? Were there "dead spots" in the production because of the lack of a sense of pace on the part of the actors? (This point, Timing, is a very important one. The timing of the individual actor combined with the general pace of the shew 
•Appreciation is expressed to Burns :Mantle, Barrett Clark, Gilmor Brown, Lee Owen Snook, Glenn Huirhea, R. L. Serirel, Theodore Johnson, Garrett Lever­ton, Allen Crafton, and Ernest Bavely for their annestlons about thla plan. 
The University of Texas Publication 
as determined by the director is a phase of production which is frequently done poorly by amateurs.) 
G. 	Motivation.-Was there a clearly discernible reason for all business and movement by the actor? There must be a definite reason for each movement made on the stage. (This point, Motivation, is a very important one.) 
II. 
Directing and Stage Mechanics. Value: about 35%. 

A. 	
Set.-Is the stage dressed to make an effective picture? Is the furniture used in a way which assists, and does not hinder the action? (Since only the simplest sets using cloth eyes, simple fiats in a box set, and the simplest of exterior settings are permitted, the judge must disregard any other features except these two points. Plays using any but simple sets are disqualified. (See Rule 4, Section b.) 

B. 	
Lighting.-Effective use of available equipment, if within the control of the director. Do the lighting effects blend harmoniously and unobstrusively into the action of the play? Are there effects which are so obvious that they call attention to themselves and take your attention away from the action of the play? (The use of elaborate lighting effects must be disregarded by the judge.) 

C. 	
Business.-Are exits and entrances properly timed? Do the actors frequently cover or block each other? Are the actors properly grouped to give necessary emphasis to the right characters at the right time? Is the business adequate to bring out the idea of the play? (This point, Business, is a very important one.) 

D. 	
Make-up.-Is the make-up in keeping with the character? Is it realistic and natural? 

E. 	
Costume.-Are the costumes correct as to color combinations, period and character? (The use of elaborate costumes should be absolutely disregarded by the judge as he makes his final decision.) 

F. 	
Tempo.-Did the play as a whole drag? Was it too fast to follow intelligently? Was the pace of the play in keeping with the general idea of the play? Was the tempo fast enough for farce? Did it tend to become slower for tragedy? Were the sub-climaxes and the climax well built up? (This point, Tempo, is a very important one.) 


III. 	The Play. Value: about 10 % . Was it a suitable play for the members of this particular cast? Did the play challenge the abilities of the actors? 
Did it have a definite effect on the audience? (This point is not to be considered unless it is a neutral audience.) Was 
Constitution and Rules, Interscholastic League 55 
the main idea or the theme of the play brought out clearly? (The judge should realize that he may expect high-school students frequently to do some excellent work. He must know that high-school actors have possibilities as well as limitations.) 
The judge is instructed to pay little attention to the type of play selected. This is a contest in acting and directing, not play selection. The cast is not to be penalized in the final ranking because the play may not have, in the opinion of the judge, sufficient literary merit. 
TYPING CONTEST 
The Commercial Teachers Section of the State Teachers Association at its meeting in November, 1925, passed a resolution requesting The University Interscholastic League to undertake district and State typewriting tournaments for high schools in Texas. 
In cooperation with the School of Business Administration of The University of Texas, the League has conducted a series of county, district, and regional tournaments and a State Tournament each year since 1927. 
1. 
Divisions.-There is only one division in this contest and it is open only to schools accorded credit in typing, according to the cur· rent issue of the State Department of Education bulletin, entitled, "Standards and Activities of the Division of Supervision," and which follow the time-schedule required by the State Department, viz., single-or double-period five days per week for thirty-six weeks during the year. 

2. 
Representation.-Each school entering the contest shall be re­quired to enter a team of two, as a minimum. Schools having an enrollment of thirty in first year typing on January 1 shall add to their team of two one additional pupil for every twenty or fraction thereof enrolled in excess of thirty. Pupils having had regular in­struction in typing prior to September 1, and pupils who will be graduated at mid-term are not counted on this enrollment. (For "enrollment," see Art. VII, Sec. 22.) 

3. 
Eligibility.-Only those pupils eligible under Article VIII of the Constitution shall be permitted to enter this contest, and only those who have had no regular instruction in typing prior to Sep­tember 1, last. Section 13, Article VIII, does not apply to typing con­testants, provided the contestant is representing the high school nearest to his home accredited in typing. 

4. 
Certificau of Eligibility.-The principal or superintendent of a school entering this contest shall file with the manager of the tour­nament a certificate of eligibility on blank issued from the State Office of the League. 

5. 
Entry.-The eligibility certificate mentioned in the foregoing paragraph constitutes entry in the contest if it is filed with the man­ager of the tournament two weeks prior to the date set for the contest. 

6. 
Telll1n Event.-The team grade in a given contest is obtained by adding the scores of the individuals on the team and dividing this sum by the number composing the team. 

7. 
Qualification.-Entry is made first in conference meets. The three individuals scoring first, second, and third, respectively, in a conference meet are qualified to enter the area meet. The five individ­uals scoring first, second, third, fourth, and fifth, respectively, in the 


Constitution and Rules, Interscholastic League 57 
area meet are qualified to enter the regional meet. For qualification to the State Meet, see Article IX, Section 4, of the Constitution. 
8. 
State Meet.-Those individuals qualified as indicated in the foregoing paragraph meet for a state championship tournament dur­ing the State Meet of the League. The manager of this tournament is Miss Florence Stullken, of the School of Business Administration, The University of Texas. 

9. 
General Rule.-The International Contest Rules for checking the errors are followed. The important points are herein set down and somewhat clarified to fit our particular requirements. These rules ahall govern in all League typing meets. Every word omitted, in­serted, misspelled, or in any way changed from the printed copy shall be penalized. (An error in the printed copy may be corrected or copied as printed.) Only one error shall be charged for any one word except in case of rewritten or transposed matter, when one additional error shall be charged for the rewriting or transposition, and, of course, one error for each error in the rewritten material. Each error due to faulty machines is to be penalized. 

10. 
Contestants Nunnbered.-Each contestant shall be given a number and that number placed on his contest-sheet, so that the identity of the individual is withheld from the judges until the awards are made. 

11. 
Length of Test.-All tests must be exactly 15 minutes in length. Typing must cease at the closing signal, even if a word is not completed. If the contestant continues to write, his paper shall be penalized one error. Warming-up tests may be given, but just one official test may be counted in either a district, regional, or the State Meet. A definite signal for the beginning of the official test must be agreed upon and given. The official material must not be practiced before the test. 

12. 
Computation by Strokes and Accuracy.-From the gross num­ber of strokes of the printed test material deduct fifty strokes for each error made. The net number of words will be found by dividing the net number of strokes by 5 (the average number of strokes for each word). Divide the result by 15 (the number of minutes) to get the net rate per minute. Or, divide the gross number of strokes by 5. This will give you the gross number of words written. From this figure deduct the penalty-10 times the number of errors. Divide this result by 15 to get the net words per minute. 

13. 
Final Rating.--The final rating, however, shall be based upon both speed and accuracy. To the net words per minute shall be added the percentage of accuracy for the final score. To find the percentage of accuracy, subtract the penalty from the number of words written and divide the total words written into the total correct words written. Example: The student writes 900 words with 4 errors;~orrect words written, 860 (900 minus 40), divided by total words, 900, equals .9555; move the decimal point two places to the right-95.55, which is the 


58 The University of Texas Publication 
percentage of accuracy. In this example the student's speed is 67.SS (860 divided by 15). The speed, 57.83, plus the percentage of ac­curacy, 95.55, equals the student's score, 152.88. The rankings must be based upon this score. 
14. 
Size of Page.-A page 8%x14 inches shall be used. Write only on one side of each page. 

15. 
Spacing.-All work shall have double spacing. One error shall be counted for every line not properly spaced. 

16. 
Length of Line.-Each line shall contain not less than 61 strokes nor more than 76. Only the last line of a paragraph may be less than 61 strokes. One error shall be counted for each line not qualifying. 

17. 
Paragraphing.-Paragraphs shall be indented five spaces. One error shall be counted for every irregularity. 

18. 
Length of Page.-Each page, except the last, shall contain at least thrity-five lines of writing. Only one error is charged for a "short" page-not one error for each line the page is short. 

19. 
Marking of Errors.-Each error shall be indicated by drawing a circle around the error. 

20. 
Spacing after Pu.nctuation.-Two spaces follow all end punc­tuation marks. All other points have one space, except a dash, which has no space either before or after it. (A dash is made by two strokes of the hyphen.) Either one or two spaces may be used after the colon. Any error in punctuation shall be penalized unless the preceding word has already been penalized. 

21. 
Faulty Shifting and Cut Letters.-If only part of a letter is seen, an error shall be charged. A lightly struck letter or character is no error if the entire character is visible. Any letters so near the edge of the paper that the whole letter does not appear on the paper shall be penalized-one error for each word. 

22. 
Strikeovers and Erasu.res.-A strikeover or an erasure is an error and shall be penalized. 

23. 
Margin.-Any irregularity in the left-hand margin is an error and shall be penalized. 

24. 
Division of Words at the End of o; Line.-Any word wrongly divided at the end of a line shall be penalized. 

25. 
Crowding and Piling.-If a word occupies less than its proper number of spaces, it shall be penalized one error. When two char­acters or a space and a character are so crowded that any portion of their bodies overlaps or would overlap were a character typed in the adjoining space, one error shall be deducted for this "piling." 

26. 
Graders.-Typewriting teachers will be found to be the most efficient graders, and may be used even though they have contestants entered in the contests; and all teachers having entries shall be per­mitted to examine the papers of their entries before the awards are announced. By identifying papers according to Rule 8, above, 


Constitution and Rules, Interscholastic League 59 
it will be found impossible for graders to know the identity of the indi'ridual producing a given paper. 
27. Conductors.-The same person shall not be allowed to conduct contests at any two meets: Conference, area, regional. For illustra­tion, a person who has conducted a conference or city meet shall not be eligible in that year to conduct an area or regional; one who has conducted an area meet shall not be eligible to conduct a regional. Note: See paragraph 2 of Section 6 of Shorthand Contest. 
SHORTHAND CONTEST 
At the dinner of the Commercial Teachers of the State of Texas, on the evening of May 1, 1986, at the Driskill Hotel, a resolution was passed requesting the University Interscholastic League to under­take county, district, regional, and a State shorthand tournament for high schools in Tuas. 
1. 
Diviaiom.-There is only one division in this contest and it i1 open only to schools accorded credit in shorthand by the State De­partment of Education, and which follow the time-schedule required by the State Department, viz., single-or double-period five days per week for thirty-six weeks during the year. 

2. 
Representation.-Each school entering the contest shall be re­quired to enter a team of two, as a minimum. Schools having an enrollment of thirty in first-year typing on January 1 shall add to their team of two one additional pupil for every twenty or fraction thereof enrolled in excess of thirty. Pupils having had regular in­struction in shorthand prior to September 1, and pupils who will be graduated at mid-term are not counted on this enrollment. (For "enrollment," see Art. VII, Sec. 22.) 


8. Eligibility.-Only those pupils eligible under Articles VIII of the Constitution shall be permitted to enter this contest, and only those who have had no regular instruction in shorthand prior to September 1, last. Section 18, Article VIII, does not apply to short­hand contestants, provided the contestant is representing the hich school nearest to his home accredited in shorthand. 
4. 
Cerllificat• of Eligibility.-The principal or superintendent of a school entering this contest shall file with the manager of the tourna­ment a certificate of eligibility on a blank issued from the State Office of the League. 

5. 
Qualification.-Entry is made first in conference meets. The three individuals scoring first, second and third, respectively, in a conference meet are qualified to enter the area meet. The five in­dividuals scoring first, sacond, third, fourth, and fifth, respectively, in the area meet are qualified to enter the regional meet. For qualifi­cation to the State Meet, see Article IX, Section 4, of the Constitution. 

6. 
Entry.-The eligibility certificate mentioned in Rule 4 above constitutes entry in the contest if it is filed with the manager of the tournament two weeks prior to the date set for the contest. 

7. 
Conductor.-The same person shall not be allowed to conduct contests at any two meets-conference, area or regional. No teacher having entries in the contest shall be allowed to conduct the contest or do the dictating. (Contestants of the conductor violating this rule shall be disqualified.) This rule does not debar teachers having con­testants in the contest from acting as managers of tournaments. 


Constitution and Rules, Interscholastic League 61 
Shorthand and typing contests must be scheduled at different times-at least two hours apart. It is advisable to have the typing contest precede the shorthand contest. Contestants should be told which are the warming-up drills and which is the contest proper. Contests must be started at the time scheduled; late contestants for­feit the right to enter. Under no circumstances is a test to be delayed for a contestant who is scheduled in other contests at that same time. Before the contest, conductors should get the names of all contestants entering and should provide adequate space for each contest; this place must be a quiet one. Two officials are to be appointed to check the dictator for variations in the printed copy. The material must be dictated evenly-that is, according to the designated markings for each 15 seconds; however, a phrase should not be broken for the sake of exactness in timing. The dictator should be careful in the enun­ciation of word derivatives. 
8. 
State Meet.-Those individuals qualified as indicated in para­graph 2 above, meet for a state championship tournament during the State Meet of the League. The manager of this tournament is Miss Florence Stullken, of the School of Business Administration, The University of Texas. 

9. 
General Rule.-The following points taken from the National Shorthand Reporters' Association rules for correcting shorthand con­test transcription, are herein set down because they fit the particular requirements of the League shorthand meets: 


a. 
Every word omitted, inserted, or transposed, or in any way changed from the printed copy shall be penalized. 

b. 
The transcript must be punctuated sufficiently to make sense. 

c. 
Hyphenated words, compound words, and foreign words shall be accepted as they occur in standard usage. 

d. 
Misspelled words shall be penalized. The contestant is urged to bring a standard dictionary to the transcription period. 

e. 
Figures are counted as they are read-"38" is counted as two words. A mistake on one of the figures, therefore, shall constitute but one error. "1923" (nineteen hundred twenty-three) is counted as four words. The writing of "1922" for "1923" should be one error only. The writing of "1823" for "1923" should be, similarly, one error. The writing of "1819" for "1923" should be three errors; and if every figure were wrong in the date, four errors should be charged. 

f. 
Errors are not charged both for the transcribing of wrong words and for the insertion of others on the same construction. For instance, the checker should count the number of words incorrectly transcribed and that will be the total of errors on that construction; but if the number of incorrect words the student transcribes on a particular construction exceeds the number of those he should have transcribed, he is charged always with the greater number. For in­stance, if he wrote "Secretary of State" for "the State,'' he should 


The University of Texas Publication 
be charged two errors. It will be seen that he has properly tran­scribed "State," the only errors being the transcription of "Secretary of" for "the," and he is charged with the greater number, which is two. 
g. 
All transcription must be done on the typewriter-any pencil or pen insertions or corrections are to be counted as errors. Errors must be neatly erased before the corrections are inserted. No strike­out is permissible. 

h. 
In case of a tie neatness decides the rating. 


10. 
Contestants Numbered.-Each contestant shall be given a num­ber and that number placed on his contest-sheet, so that the identity of the individual is withheld from the judges until the awards are made. 

11. 
Length of Test.-All tests must be exactly 5 minutes in length. Warming-up tests may be given, but just one official test may be counted in a conference, area, regional, or the State Meet. The official material must not be practiced before the test. The conductor must signify the beginning of the official test. Sample tests $.05 per set. 

12. 
Computation.-The percentage of accuracy is determined by dividing the total number of correct words by the total number of words dictated. (Example: if the dictation is given at 70 words a minute for five minutes, the total number of words dictated will be 


350. If there are 14 errors in the transcript, subtract 14 from 350, which will give 336 correct words; divide 336 by 350; this will give 96, the grade or the percentage of accuracy on this paper.) The time limit on the various transcription rates must be as follows: at 70 words, 45 minutes; at 80 words, 45 minutes; at 90 words, 55 min­utes; at 100 words, 1 hour. The contestants may, however, turn in their transcriptions before this time limit has expired. If there is a tie, the time element is considered in the final rating. For instance, one of the students may have needed 18 minutes to transcribe the material in the example given above, while another required only 14 minutes. The one finishing in the 14 minutes is ranked above the other. 
13. 
Seating Arrangi;ment.-Two students from the same school shall not be allowed to sit next to or near each other during the tran­scription period. 

14. 
Rate of Dictation.-The contest material shall be dictated in the respective meets at the following rates per minute: Conference­70; Area-80; Regional-90; and State--100. 

15. 
Graders.-Shorthand teachers will be found to be the most efficient graders and may be used even though they have contestants entered in the contests. All teachers having entries shall be permitted to examine the papers of their entries before the awards are an­nounced. 


STORY-TELLING CON'l'E.iS'f 
1. 
Divisiom.-There is only one division in this contest and it is open only to children in the second or third grades. 

2. 
Representation.-Any member-school having an eligible con­testant is entitled to enter one contestant in the Grade School meet. 

3. 
Eligibility.-In addition to being eligible under Article VIII of the Constitutio'n, only pupils in the second or third grades are eligible in this contest in 11-grade systems; in 12-grade systems, only the third and fourth grades are eligible. 

4. 
Director.-The Director General is authorized to appoint a director of story-telling. 

5. 
The Story-teller.-The Director of Story-telling may serve as story-teller, or appoint a duly qualified person to act in this capacity. 

6. 
Stories.-Outline of stories to be told the contestants for repro­duction before an audience will be furnished by the State Office of the League. The outlines will be sent in a sealed envelope to the Director General, who shall transmit them to the person who is to tell the stories on the day of the contest. 

7. 
Conducting the Contest.-The pupils who are entered in the contest shall be assembled in a room near the auditorium in which the contest is to be held half an hour before the contest is scheduled to begin. The story-teller shall then tell or read the stories to the contestants, after having them draw for places on the program. Con­testant No. 1 shall then be admitted to the stage of the auditorium and shall tell one of the stories in his own way. When Contestant No. 1 has finished, Contestant No. 2 shall be admitted to the stage to tell the story of his selection, and so on until all the contestants have delivered their stories. The Director of the contest shall dis­qualify any contestant who delivers a story other than one presented by the story-teller. 

8. 
Judges a'ltd Judging.-Three or other odd number of judges shall be chosen on basis of competence and impartiality by the Direc­tor of the contest. They shall be instructed to rank all the con­testants on the following points: 1. spontaneity; 2. originality; 8. nat­uralness of delivery. The ranks ~iven by the judges shall be computed by the Director on the same basis as that prescribed in the declamation rules of this bulletin. First, second, and third place winners shall be' announced. 

9. 
No Prompting.-No contestant shall receive prompting of any kind. He is supposed to make up the plot in his own way if he for­gets it. The judges shall not be permitted to hear the story as i1: is told to the contestants. 


JOURNALISM CONTEST 
1. Divis-WM a.nd Classes.-There is only one division in this con­test. The papers in each section (see Paragraph 5, below) ahall be divided into three classes, as follows: 
Class A: Papers from high schools with an enrollment of 500 or more last year. Class B: Papers from high schools with an enrollment of leu than 500 but with 200 or more enrollment last year. Class C: Papers from high schools with less than 200 enrollment last year. 
2. Representation.-Any high school in the State that is a mem­ber of the League may enter its student newspaper in this contest. 
To be considered for the contest a newspaper must publish at least six issues before March 1, at least three of which must be published before Christmas. 
High-school newspapers published less frequently are invited to be enrolled in the Press Conference (described at the end of this sec­tion) but may not be entered in the contest. 
3. 
Eligibility.-No paper may be entered in this contest whose staff does not, each and every one, fulfill the eligibility requirements set forth in Article VIII of the Constitution. 

"Staff" refers to all persons holding executive positions on the paper: editor, managing editor, sports editor, news editor, columnist, other departmental editors, etc. 

4. 
Submission of Papers.-A copy of each issue of the paper from the beginning issue in the fall to the last issue before March 1 of the current year must be submitted to the State Office, University Station, Austin 12, Texas. Final date of entry in this contest is Jan­uary 15 of the current school year. Late entries must send file of back numbers, so that the judges may have before them a complete file of the paper from the first issue of the school year. 

5. 
Sectio11B.-The State for the purposes of this contest shall be divided into four sections by the intersection of the 98th meridian with the 31st parallel of latitude, and the sections so made shall be designated NW, NE, SW, and SE sections, respectively. Schools hap. pening to be located on the line may be thrown into either section at the option of the judges of the contest. 

6. 
Grading of the Papers.-At intervals throughout the fall mimeo­graphed sheets will be sent to editors containing suggestions in regard to their papers. 


Five things will be stressed in the grading of the papers: 
a. News coverage. Does the paper carey' news of all the varied activities of the school T 
Constitution and Rules, Interscholastic League 65 
b. 
The quality of the writing in news stories and editorials. It is one of the primary duties of the high-school papers to encourage irood writing on the part of students. 

c. 
Headlines. Do the headlines follow the rules for headline writing as nearly as can be done with the printing equipment avail­able to the paper? 

d. 
Make-up. Is the front page neat and attractive? Are the in­side pages well made up? 

e. 
The service rendered to the high school by the high-school paper. Moreover, papers will be judged as nearly as possible by the work done on them by the students and not on the work of the printer or engraver. Mimeographed papers will be given due consideration and will be judged according to their content and style rather than ac­cording to their typography. 


7. Sectional Winners.-The first and second place ranking papers in each division in each of the four sections will be eligible to select two members of their respective staffs, eligible under Interscholastic League Constitution and Rules, Article VIII, for competition in the State Meet, and these contestants so selected shall be entitled to rebate privileges on the same basis as provided for other contestants, see Article XI, Section 2. Names of contestants must be submitted to the Interscholastic League, Box H, University Station, Austin 12, Texas, at least 10 days before the meet. 
In a district and class where several papers are of almost equal excellence, the judges may, if they wish, select three instead of two papers to represent that division, provided that the total number of winning papers for the State shall not exceed thirty. When such action is taken, the judges may, if they wish, choose winning papers from schools between 500 and 800, between 800 and 1200, and more than 1200 enrollment, thus permitting a fairer distribution of winners. 
The papers ranking highest in each division and in each section of the State shall be announced not later than April 6; and not later than April 20, each winning paper expecting to send contestants to the State Meet shall send in to the Secretary of the League, Univer­sity Station, Austin 12, Texas, the full names of the individuals selected to compete. Unless this is done, free lodgings will not be 
available, nor will rebate be allowed. No substitutions are allowed after entries are made. 
8. St,ate Conutlt in Journalism.-The contest in journalism shall consist of five events: 1. News Reporting; 2. Editorial Writing; 8. Headline Writing; 4. Copy Reading; 5. Feature Story Contest. The nature of the contest in each of these events will be discussed in detail in the High-School Press column of the LetJguer from issue to iasue. 
The University of Texas Publication 
Each contestant must engage in each of the five events. Points shall be awarded on the following basis, to-wit: 
First  Second  Third  Fourth  Flttla  
Reporting  -----­-------­---------------100  86  70  Gii  40  
Editorial  -----------­----------100  86  70  1111  '°  
Copyreading  --------------­---­-----------­-­--­ 76  6S  Gl  89  27  
Headline  Writing --------­ ------­ 60  &O  40  ao  IO  
Feature Story  ---­-----------------­--­ 76  SS  Ill  S9  IT  

The contestant making the highest number of points shall be given first place; contestant making second highest number of points shall be given second place; and the contestant making next highest number of points shall be given third place. Point-distribution in ties for any given place shall be made in accordance with plan set forth in Article X, Section 7. 
PRESS CONFERENCE 
Though staff members from papers other than the sectional winnen will not participate in the State journalism contests to be held in Austin at the spring meeting, the staff of every other paper enrolled in the Conference may send two delegates to the journalism meet without the privilege of the rebate or free lodgings. 
Coordinated with these contests at the State Meet will be a series of discussions of problems of high-school journalism and talks on the principles of news writing, make-up, headline writing, copy read­ing, and proofreading. 
To be eligible to attend the conference, all delegates must submit their names to The Interscholastic League, Box H, University Station, Austin 12, Texas, or to DeWitt Reddick, Director of the I. L. P. C., University Station, Austin 12, Texas. 
The Texas High-School Press Conference was organized in the spring of 1928 at a meeting of high-school editors at The University of Texas. The conference is sponsored by the University Department of Journalism and Sigma Delta Chi, honorary journalism fraternity for men. 
Names and addresses of the officers of the Conference for the 1943-44 school year are as follows: President-Mary Nell Gibson, Amarillo High School; Vice President-Helen Jean Bond, Abilene High School; Secretary-Beverly Bolton, Austin High School. 
Any Texas high school publishing a paper, provided it is a member of the Interscholastic League, may enroll in the conference by send­ing the issues of its paper to the Interscholastic Leaguer, Austin, and by sending a notification to the High-School Press editor of the Interscholastic Leaguer. Only those papers publishing six or more is.sues before March 1, in the 1943-44 school year, will be eligible for the contests. 
RULES IN ATHLETIC CONTESTS 
INTRODUCTION 
T
HE FIRST high school athletic contest to be held under the supervision of The University of Texas was an invitation track and field meet held on April 29, 1905. Through the leadership of the athletic staff of the University this event became an annual affair. On May 6, 1911, principals and superintendents met in Austin at the annual track and field meet and officially organized the Uni­versity Interscholastic Athletic Association. The purpose of the Asso­ciation as stated in the Constitution was as follows: "The object of the Association shall be the promotion, improvement and regulation of athletic sports in the secondary schools of Texas." 
On May 3, 1913, the Debating and Declamation League of Texas Schools, a literary organization sponsored by The University of Texas, and the University Interscholastic Athletic Association, were merged to form The University Interscholastic League of Texas. The purpose of the athletic program as it is now sponsored by the Uni­versity of Texas Interscholastic League is as follows: 
1. 	
To assist, advise and aid the public schools in organizing and conducting inter-school athletic contests. 

2. 	
To devise and prepare eligibility rules that will equalize and stimulate wholesome competition between schools of similar rank, and reinforce the curricular program. 

3. 	
To equalize and regulate competition so that the pupils, schools and communities may secure the greatest social, educational and recreational returns from the contests. 

4. 	
To help the schools make athletics an integral part of the edu­cational program. 

5. 	
To preserve the game for the contestant and not sacrifice the contestant to the game. 

6. 	
To promote the spirit of sportsmanship and fair play in all contests. 

7. 	
To promote among the players, schools and communities a spirit of friendly rivalry and a respect for the rules of the contests. 


The League is vitally interested in the welfare of every boy and girl participating in the athletic contests. To protect the physical well-being of the contestants it is being urged that every contestant be given a thorough medical examination by his family physician before participating in the athletic games and contests of the League. 
THE ATHLETIC BENEFIT PLAN 
In accordance with the recommendations of the State Meeting of Delegates at the annual meeting on May 4, 1940, the State Executive 
The University of Te:x:as Publication 
Committee has incorporated into the athletic section of the Consti­tution and Rules an Athletic Benefit Plan. 
The purpose of the Benefit Plan is to assist League members, who have athletic teams participating in interscholastic athletics, to meet the costs of injuries incurred by team members injured during practice or games sponsored by the school. It is also believed that the inauguration of the insurance program will lead to the develop­ment of a safer game for the reason that it will cause coaches and administrators to become "safety minded." 
The Athletic Benefit Plan is available to all member schools on the basis of the provisions and rates incorporated into the insurance contract. Schools purchase the policy from the "Home Office" of the insurance company and not from the Office of the League. The insur­ing company has set up the general regulations governing the settle­ment of claims and payment of benefits. These provisions are a part of the insurance policy and schools insuring with the company should familiarize themselves with all details of the contract. 
The State Executive Committee examined the several contracts submitted by insurance companies, and after careful investigation selected the policy prepared by Security Life and Accident Company of Denver, Colorado. 
The schedule of benefits in the policy was prepared by a committee of Texas public school men. The committee of Texas school men studied the various state plans in operation throughout the Nation and finally adopted the accident fee schedule outlined in the policy. The benefits of the League plan are as liberal as those of other states and in line with the fees that are necessary to meet the costs of injuries in Texas. 
In connection with this plan for insurance against injuries in­curred during practice or participation in athletic sports and games, the following items should be noted: 
1. 
A school must be a member of the University Interscholastic League, and dues for the current year be paid in accordance with Article III, Section 2. 

2. 
In order to be eligible for the Athletic Accident Benefits a pupil must be regularly enrolled in a school which is a member of the League. 

3. 
All benefit checks will be paid in accordance with the provisions in the insurance contract. 

4. 
The Benefit Plan is entirely voluntary. 

5. 
Each pupil insured under the Plan should have a thorough physical examination before participating in a practice or a game. 

6. 
It must be clearly' understood by pupils, parents or guardians and member schools that participation in the Athletic Benefit Plan shall not be construed as an acknowledgment by schools themselves or the University Interscholastic League of liability for injuries incurred in athletic competition by pupils participating in the Plan. 


Constitution and Rules, Interscholastic League 69 
7. A sample copy of the insurance policy may be secured by writing to the Security Life and Accident Company, Denver, Colorado. 
FOOTBALL PLAN 
T'M Footbtill CO<L!.-Tbe football code means to play the game in the apirit of fairness and clean sportsmanship; to observe all rules and not attempt to hold, "beat the ball," or coach from the side lines because it can be done without the knowledge of the referee, or to resort to trickery in equipping or preparing players. It means to accept decisions of officials without protest; to treat your opponent.a aa your guests, and to put clean play and real sportsmanship above victories. It means the ability to win without boasting and to lose without grudge. "Victory is. no great matter. The important thing in sport is the manly striving to excel and the good feeling it fosters between those who play fair and have no excuse when they lose." 
1. Eligible Sch.ools.-No school shall participate in League football unless its acceptance of this plan is on file in the State Office by September 15. 
A non-participating school the preceding year desiring to partici­pate shall so notify the State Office one year in advance. 
2. Footbtill Coa.chea Must Be Fu.U.-ti~ Emplo'IJeea of School Board.*-A football team is not eligible in the Interscholastic League whose bead coach or whose assistant coach is not a full-time employee of the school board of the school which the team represents. "Full­time" means full time for the whole scholastic or calendar year.t 
8. Con/erences.-Participating high schools shall be divided into conferences as provided in Article VII, Sections 5, 6, and 7. 
A high school that is not a member of Conference AA, A, or B may enter a team in Six-Man Football and compete for the champion­ship in that division. 
The State Executive Committee may, upon unanimous recommenda­tion of the committee of any football district, admit a school from a lower conference to the said district, such transfers, if any, to be made on a yearly basis. 
In classifying schools for competition in football conferences, the enrollment in the grades competing in the high-school unit shall be accepted as the basis for assignment to respective conferences. 
In case of an error in enrollment figures in the current Bulletin on Standards and Activities a school shall secure from the State Depart­ment of Education a statement as to what grades are considered as a part of the senior high school and the enrollment for those grades. 
•Thia rule by referendum June, 1948, waa suspended for the 1948-44 school year in Conferences A and B, and In Six-man Football. 
tThla rule shall not al!ect the status of a coach on a leave of absence attending colleire. 
The University of Texas PubZication 
4. Di8tricts.-The St.ate shall be divided into sixteen districts for Conference AA, and competition shall include a State championship. 
The State shall be divided into a number of districts for Conference A, but competition shall not extend further than a regional champion­ship. Announcement concerning the arrangement of Conference A Regions will be issued during the season. A number of Conference B districts will be arranged but competition shall not extend further than a bi-district championship. Championships in Six-man Football are limited to bi-districts. 
Usually five to eight schools compose a district. Schools are as­signed to districts by the State Office. 
The list of district chairmen, their addresses and district numbers, will be mailed out to member schools during the early part of September each year. 
5. District Organization (AA, A, and B and Six-man Football•).­The Chairman of the old District Executive Committee shall serve as temporary chairman for the district and he shall call a meeting of all participating schools in the district, preferably in the spring but in any case not later than Saturday following the third Monday in September. (The State Executive Committee urges the District Chair­man to call his organization meeting in the spring.) At this meeting a district executive committee shall be created composed of faculty representatives from participating schools. Each participating school present shall have one vote. At least two alternates should be elected to serve in case members of the committee are disqualified. If only one member is disqualified the first-named alternate should serve. A member of the committee shall be disqualified to act in a case in which his school is one of the two involved. 
In each new district, and in case of vacancies, a temporary chair­man shall be appointed by the St.ate Office. It shall be the duty of the Chairman to call the organization meeting. 
6. Duties of District Executive Committee.-It shall be the duty of the District Executive Committee: 
a. 	
To enforce all rules and regulations, to settle all disputes and all questions of eligibility arising inside the district. There shall be no appeal from any decision rendered by this committee. 

b. 	
To certify to the St.ate Office an eligible district champion not later than the Saturday following the last Thursday in November, after which the Committee's functions cease. In case of dispute, certification to the State Office shall be in the form of a written notice naming the eligible school 


•It shall be the duty of the 1uperintendent, principal, or coach in each echool competing under this plan, to inform himself regarding the district chairman, time of meeting, etc. If the chairman meveo from the district without callinc a meeting, each school in the district baa a re1ponalbllity to notify the State Ol!ice 10 that another chairman may be named. 
Constitution and Rules, Interscholastic League 71 
and must be signed by a majority of the members of the District Executive Committee; provided the State Com­mittee shall have the authority to reject for inter-district competition any football team whose district committee has adopted any rule or regulation limiting the eligibility of players beyond the requirements set forth in the Constitu­tion and Rules and the Football Plan. 
c. To arrange a round-robin schedule in the district to close not later than the Saturday following the last Thursday in November. In districts that have more than ten participating schools sub-districts shall be created, in which case round-robin schedules shall be arranged in the sub-districts to close in sufficient time to schedule an elimination game or series so that the district champion­ship may be determined by the proper time. Districts with fewer than ten schools may be subdivided. The subdivisions of a district shall contain an equal number of teams, or as nearly equal as can be; e.g., a district having seven teams shall be divided on a 3-4 basis. 
For the duration of the war, district executive com­mittees are to be granted such latitude as may be necessary in arranging football schedules. It shall be understood that no committee can certify a district champion unless member schools within the district have been given an opportunity to compete in the district elimination series. (Except, of course, no committee may violate Rule 11, or Rule 32.) 
d. 	
To investigate and check the eligibility of players in the district and to furnish to m~mber-schools in the district a list of eligible players submitted by each school and to in­vestigate transfers with a view to determining whether or not transfers are bona fide. In case the transfer is not considered bona fide by the District Committee, it shall have the power to declare the contestant in question in­eligible for football. 

e. 	
To uphold the principle that high school football is worth while in the school as an educational force when properly controlled. Efforts on the part of any school official or local "fan" to recruit players shall be considered a viola­tion of this principle and shall subject the school at fault to disqualification. Disqualification may be made by the committee after the school concerned has been given an opportunity to be heard in its own defense. When a school is disqualified it shall remain on the disqualified list until the superintendent has convinced the committee that the errors complained of have been removed and that he, the superintendent, can guarantee the proper conduct of football in his school. 


The University of Texas Publication 
7. Ezpenses of District Committee.-The District Executive Com­mittee has authority to outline and put int.o operation a plan fot financing its meetings under the following restriction: If the assess­ment plan is used the assessment for any school shall not exceed one­half of its regular League membership fee. The failure of a school promptly to pay its assessment, after having been notified, shall sub­ject it to a penalty of elimination from consideration for district honors. If a school refuses or fails to pay its assessment after the close of the season, it may be debarred from participation the follow­ing year or until the amount is paid. 
At the close of the season the District Executive Committee shall furnish each participating school in the district a financial statement showing all receipts and disbursements for the season. 
8. 
District Disqualifica.tion.-A district shall be disqualified in the Regional or State race, if its Committee certifies to the State Office a team which has used an ineligible player in any game that counted on League standing, such disqualification to be made only upon presen­tation of evidence to the State Executive Committee. 

9. 
Eliminations.-Conference AA district champions are bracketed for elimination play to a State Championship on a weekly schedule beginning the first week-end in December. Conference A district champions are bracketed for elimination play to a regional cham­pionship on a weekly schedule beginning the first week-end in December. Conference B district champions are bracketed for a bi-district championship to be concluded not later than the first week-end in December. 


Six-man district champions are bracketed for a bi-district cham­pionship to be concluded not later than the first week-end in December. The State Executive Committee may, because of transportation diffi­culties during the present emergency, change, alter or abolish the plan of bi-district eliminations. 
10. 
Jurisdiction of lnterdistrict Disputes. -The State Executive Committee shall have jurisdiction in all disputes arising between district winners that have been duly certified. 

11. 
Number of Games.-Between the opening day of school and the Saturday following the last Thursday in November, inclusive, no boy shall participate in more than ten games and, in addition, be shall not be permitted to take part in more than one game during any given period of five days. The five-day period is considered as being within five calender days. 

12. 
Ga.mes That Count on Percentage.-Interconference or inter­district games between participating schools shall not count on a team's percentage. A defeat by a non-participating Texas high school, except by a junior high school or dormitory school,• regardless of size or date, shall eliminate from the District, State, or Regional race. 


•For definition of "dormltoey achoo!," see Article VII, Section 28. 
Constitution and Rules, lnterschol,astic League 73 
A defeat by a school not eligible to membership in the League shall not count. 
18. A Practice Scrimmrage.-A scrimmage or practice period to which no admission is charged, which is not on an announced sched­ule and which is not regularly conducted by an official or officials shall not count as a game. 
14. Tu Ga.mes.-In interdistrict elimination contests a team shall receive one point for each time it penetrates its opponent's 20-yard line. In the meaning of this provision, a team has penetrated its op. ponent's 20-yard line when the ball has been declared dead legally in its possession inside the opponent's 20-yard line. It is understood that only one penetration may be counted during one continuous possession of the ball. A play from outside the 20-yard line which results in a touchdown shall count one penetration. If this plan shall fail to determine a winner, the team that has made the greater number of first downs shall proceed in the race. A first down shall be counted when the required distance has been made. If the two teams are still tied after counting first downs, the one that has gained the most yardage from scrimmage shall be declared winner. 
The 20-yard penetration rule merely shortens the field and creates a second goal line. Whenever a ball is declared dead, legally in the possession of a team behind the goal line, that team is awarded points. The same principle should be followed in awarding points for pene­trating the 20-yard line. Whenever a team has penetrated its opponent's 20-yard goal line and the ball has been declared dead, legally in its possession inside the 20-yard line, that team is entitled to one point. A penetration on the fourth down shall be counted pro­vided the team has legal possession of the ball at the time it is declared dead by the referee inside the 20-yard line. 
It shall be the duty ef the referee of the game to interpret and enforce this rule and his decision is final. The game officials are to keep a record of the number of penetrations, first downs, and yardage from scrimmage and make a report to each school in case of a tie. 
Points thus made are, of course, not considered unless the game results in a tie. It is simply a method of breaking a tie, not in any sense a new method of scoring. 
Unless mutually agreeable otherwise in advance of the game, this rule shall apply in Conference A Regional Championship games and the State Championship game. 
16. Breaking Contracts.-A game cancelled after contract has been signed, unless both 11arties agree to the cancellation, shall be forfeited to the team not at fault. 
A school shall not be required, however, to pay the forfeit or damages provided for under paragraph 6 of "The University Inter­scholastic League Contract" if the failure to fulfill the provisions of the contract is due to a school's inability to secure safe and acceptable transportation to and from the place of the game. 
The University of Tezas Publication 
16. Reports.-Each team shall make a complete report (forms fur­nished by the League) of every game in duplicate immediately after the game. One report shall be sent to the State Office and one to the Chairman of the District Committee. The District Committee may disqualify a team for its failure promptly to report its games.* 
17. 
Observe Rules.-Each school shall observe faithfully all rules contained in Article VIII of the Constitution and Rules. In case an ineligible man is used in any Leagut1 ga'"'-", lcnowingly or unknowingl71, the minimum penalty shall be forfeiture of the ganne. 

18. 
Football Code.-By accepting this plan, the coach and other officials of each school pledge themselves to act in the spirit of the "Football Code" and to foster this spirit among the players. 


19. Eligibility Blanks and Season Report.-Each school shall fill out an eligibility blank in duplicate furnished by the League, these blanks to be signed by superintendent or principal, one mailed to the State Office, and one filed with the Chairman of the District Executive Committee, before the school is allowed to take part in any game. Failure to furnish correct and complete information shall constitute grounds for disqualification. 
At the end of the season the superintendent or principal of each school shall send to the State Office a list of all players who have participated in football during the season as representatives of the school. Failure to submit a correct and complete list shall constitute grounds for suspension. 
20. 
Guarantees.-The visiting team always has the right to de­mand a guarantee sufficient to cover all expenses and in addition 50 per cent of the net gate receipts of the contest. A demand of a flat guarantee which is clearly in excess of expenses, shall upon action of the State or District Executive Committee, disqualify offending team from further participation. 

[Note.-In this connection, expenses of visiting teams, officials, ad­vertising, labor, services, and printing incident to the contest, shall be considered as expenses of the game. Number of men allowed upon expense account shall be agreed upon by coaches or managers of teams involved. Unless mutually agreeable otherwise, the home team shall furnish a playing field without cost to the visiting school.] 

21. 
Offecials.-A11 officials must be satisfactory to both parties and agreed upon in advance. Teams are urged always to secure outside officials. The visiting team should insist upon an agreement on offi­cials prior to the day of the game. A school that refuses to play a game because the officials agreed upon have not been secured shall not be considered as breaking its contract. The responsibility to engage satisfactory officials is upon the home school. Beginning a game with an official constitutes agreement. 


•It will be noticed that this rule sin• the district committee authority to In. terpret the word "promptJ1.'" 
Constitution and Rules, Interscholastic League 75 
22. Place of Game.-Unless mutually agreeable otherwise, the place for playing a game shall be determined on the "home and home" basis for the past six years, except in a state or regional elimination game the place shall be determined on the basis of the last game 
(within six years) between the two schools which counted on League standing. The team that was the visiting team the last time the two teams met on a home field may insist upon the game being played upon its home field, except as provided above. The home team may desig­nate the day for the game. Starting time of the game shall be by mutual consent, or in case of disagreement by the decision of the district executive committee. 
In case of disagreement between two teams that have had no foot­ball relations during the past six years, the place shall be decided by tossing a coin. (See Appendix III, Rule 22.) 
23. 
Five Per Cent Conf ere nee AA Interdistrict Receipts.-Five per cent of the gross receipts of Conference AA interdistrict games shall be paid to the State Office to maintain a fund for investigating eligi­bility questions and to supplement printing, salary, and office appro­priations relating to football. The radio broadcast receipts are to be considered a part of the game receipts in all interdistrict games. 

24. 
Protests.-All protests must be made to the proper committee within twenty-four hours after the game is played, except that a protest based on the alleged ineligibility of a player may be made at any time; provided, it is made immediately upon discovery of the facts on which the protest is based. Protests must be made in writ­ing and signed by superintendent or principal. A protest based on an official'• decision will not be considered. 


26. School Authorities Responsible.-Responsibility for the proper conduct of football in a school system shall rest with the superin­tendent. All contracts and arrangements for games shall be made between superintendents and principals. The control and manage­ment of all games shall be under the supervision of the superin­tendent or principal. 
26. 
Trophy for State Champion.-A regulation-sized silver foot­ball will be awarded to the school that wins the State championship under this plan; and a smaller trophy for the runner-up. 

27. 
No Spring Football Games.-No member-school shall play any football game, practice, or scrimmage with another high school after February 1. The penalty for violation of this rule shall be assessed by the State Executive Committee. 

28. 
Sc'Mdule of Ma:icim.unn Fees for Officials.t-The following are the maximum amounts that may be paid to any one official as a fee for officiating in a League game: 


tThe district e:o:ecutive committee ma7 modif7 the provlalona of thi• section for application lnalde !ta dlatrict. 
The University of Texas Publica.tion 
Receipts Fee 
If up to $100___ .$ 7.50 
If $100 to $200_____ 10.00 
If $200 to $500_ 15.00 
If $500 to $1000 20.00 
If $1000 to $5000 25.00 
If $5000 or mor~----·-----------40.00 

ALLOWABLE MAXIMUM EXPENSES FOR OFFICIATINO 
For one official 5c a mile for total mileage; for two officials travelinc together by automobile 6 ¥.. c a mile; for three officials traveling to­gether by automobile Sc a mile. Expenses for local entertainment, defined as follows: Taxi fare to and from ball field, if used; local meals as agreed upon and as arranged for by school authorities; hotel room, if required, to be secured and paid for by local school authorities. No other items are to be included in an expense account of officials, and neither fees nor expenses for officials shall be sup­plemented from any source whatsoever. 
Violation of the rules governing the employment and pay of foot­ball officials shall carry the same penalty as the violation of anJ eligibility rule; that is, forfeiture of the game. 
In emergency cases, if the rules in regard to fees of officials are violated by a member-school, the facts shall be reported to the District Executive Committee at a meeting to be called as soon as possible after the game to decide on the merits of the case and to apply the penalty; or, if an emergency is proved, to waive the penalty. The District Committee may declare that, in its judgment, an emergency arose, and, therefore, waive the penalty. 
29. 
Playing Rules.-"The National Collegiate Athletic Associa­tion Football Rules" governs all League football games. 

30. 
Beginning Fall Practice.-There shall be no football practice and no football equipment issued from the close of the spring train­ing period to September 1. 


"Football practice" is interpreted to mean any organized instruc­tion or drills in football, such as skull practice, diagramming of play, study of rules, etc. Attending lectures at an approved or recognized coaching school such as sponsored by the Texas High School Football Coaches Association would not be considered a viola­tion of this rule. The above rule applies only to contestants in high school. 
"Football equipment" is interpreted to mean the issuing of foot­ball shoulder pads, shoes, headgear, football trousers, or any other equipment used primarily for organized football practice. 
Penalty to be assessed by the State Executive Committee. 
31. Postseason games.-No school may engage in any postseason game other than in regular interdistrict play-offs scheduled by the League. 
Constitution and Rules, Interscholastic League 77 
The issuing of football equipment to all-star teams would not be 
interpreted as a violation of the spring practice rule provided the 
membership of the team is not representing any particular school, 
and participating players have completed their football eligibility. 
A post season football game is one played between two schools after 
Saturday following the last Thursday in November, and penalty 
for infraction of this rule shall be assessed by the State Executive 
Committee. 
32. Spring Training.-Spring football practice shall be limited to one calendar month, and no training shall be permitted nor equip­ment issued except during this period. 
In interpreting the spring practice rule in football, the State 
Committee ruled that football instruction in i·egular physical educa­
tion classes is not construed as a violation of this rule, provided no 
uniforms or clothing other than that used in regular physical instruc­
tion classes be used. 
Football practice continued after the date set for certification of district winners, except in those schools which qualify for inter­district play, was interpreted by the State Executive Committee as a violation of spring practice rule. 
Penalty for infraction of this rule is to be assessed by the State Executive Committee. 
33. Con/erence AA Radio Broadcasting.-A Radio Committee ap­pointed in 1939 worked out the plan for broadcasting quarter-final, semi-final and final games in Conference AA. Since that time a yearly contract has been negotiated by the State Committee for the broadcasting of these games. 
The money received from the broadcasting rights shall be dis­tributed to the eligible participating schools on the following basis: 40 per cent of the total amount is to be distributed equally among the eight teams in quarter-finals; 40 per cent of the total amount to be distributed equally among the four teams in semi-finals; 20 per cent of the total amount to be distributed equally between the two teams in the final game. 
BASKETBALL PLAN 
The Basketball Code.-The basketball code means to play the game in the spirit of fairnesi.< and clean sportsmanship; to observe all rules and not attempt to hold, "beat the ball," or coach from the side lines because it can be done without the knowledge of the referee, or to resort to trickery in equipping or preparing players. It means to accept decisions of officials without protest; to treat your opponents as your guests, and to put clean play and real sportsmanship above victories. It means the ability to win without boasting and to lose without grudge. "Victory is no great matter. The important thing 
The University of Texas Pubiication 
in sport is the manly striving to excel and the good feeling it fosters between those who play fair and have no excuse when they lose." 
1. Eligible Schools.-No school shall participate in League basket­ball unless its acceptance of this plan is on file in the State Office by November 15th and fees are paid by January 15th. 
A non-participating school the preceding year desiring to partici­pate shall so notify the State Office one year in advance. 
2. 
Basketball Coaches Must Be FuU-time Employees of Sch-Ool Board.*-A basketball team is not eligible in the Interscholastic League whose head coach or whose assistant coach is not a full-time employee of the school board of the school which the team represents. "Full-time" means full time for the whole scholastic or calendar year.t 

3. 
Con/erences.-Participating high schools shall be divided into conferences as provided in Article VII, Sections 6, 6, and 7. 


The State Executive Committee, may, upon unanimous recommen­dation of the committee of any basketball district, admit a school from a lower conference to the said district, such transfers, if any, to be made on a yearly basis. 
4. Districts.-The State shall be divided into sixteen districts for Conference AA, and competition shall include a State championship. Announcement concerning the arrangement of Conference AA elim­inations will be issued during the season. 
The state shall be divided into thirty-two districts for Conference A, and competition shall extend to a State championship. Announce­ment concerning the arrangement of Conference A elimination will be issued during the season. 
Conference B districts will be arranged and competition shall extend to a State championship. A school that has won its district championship is eligible to enter the Regional Tournament which will be held under the direction of the regional athletic director not later than one week prior to the State Tournament. The regional cham­pions are eligible to compete in the State Championship Conference Il Basketball Tournament at Austin. 
The State Executive Committee may change, alter, or abolish the plan of bi-district eliminations in each conference because of trans­portation difficulties during the present emergency. 
Any conference champion that engages in basketball competition with another Texas high school after winning the State champion­ship shall be suspended from the League for the next basketball 
season. 
*This rule by referendum June, 1943, was suspended for the 1948-44 school year 
in Conferences A and B. 
tThis rule shall not affect the status of a coach on a leave of absence attendlnii colleiie. 
Constitution and Rules, Interscholastic League 79 
5. District Organization. *-The temporary chairman for the dis­trict shall call a meeting of all participating schools in the district, preferably in the early part of September, but in any case not later than Saturday following the third Monday in October. At this meeting a district executive committee shall be created composed of faculty representatives from participating schools. Each participat­ing school present shall have one vote. At least two alternates should be elected to serve in case members of the committee are disqualified. If only one member is disqualified the first-named alternate should serve. A member of the committee shall be disqualified to act in a case in which his school is one of the two involved. 
In each new district, and in case of vacancies, a temporary chair­man shall be appointed by the State Office. It shall be the duty of the chairman to call the organization meeting. 
6. Duties of District Executive Committee.-It shall be the duty of the District Executive Committee: 
a. 	
To enforce all rules and regulations, to settle all disputes and all questions of eligibility arising inside the district. There shall be no appeal from any decision rendered by this com­mittee. 

b. 	
To certify to the State Office an eligible district champion on the date set for each respective conference, after which the committee's functions cease. In case of dispute, certifica­tion to the State Office shall be in the form of a written notice naming the eligible school and must be signed by a majority of the members of the District Executive Committee; pro­vided the State Committee shall have the authority to reject for interdistrict competition any basketball team whose dis­trict committee has adopted any rule or regulation limiting the eligibility of players beyond the requirements set forth in the Constitution and Rules and the Basketball Plan. 

c. 	
To arrange a schedule in the district to close not later than the date set for a conference champion to be certified. In districts that have more than ten participating schools sub­districts shall be created, in which case schedules shall be arranged in the sub-districts to close in sufficient time to schedule an elimination game or series so that the district championship may be determined by the proper time. Districts with fewer than ten schools may be subdivided. 


The subdivisions of a district shall contain an equal number of teams, or as nearly equal as can be; e.g., a district having seven teams shall be divided on a 3--4 basis. 
*It shall be the duty of the superintendent, principal, or coach in each school competing under this plan, to Inform himself regarding the district chairman, time of meeting, etc. If the chairman moves from the district without calling a meeting, each school in the district bu a responaibillty to notify the State OfBce ao that another chairman may be named. 
80 The Unfversity of Texas Publication 
d. 	
To investigate and check the eligibility of players in the dis­trict and to furnish to member schools in the district a list of eligible players submitted by each school and to investigate transfers with a view to determining whether or not transfers are bona fide. In case the transfer is not considered bona fide by the District Committee, it shall have the power to declare the contestant in question ineligible for basketball. 

e. 	
To uphold the principle that high-school basketball is worth while in the school as an educational force when properly controlled. Efforts on the part of any school official or local "fan" to recruit players shall be considered a violation of this principle and shall subject the school at fault to disqualifica­tion. Disqualification may be made by the Committee after the school concerned has been given an opportunity to be heard in its own defense. When a school is disqualified it shall remain on the disqualified list until the superintendent has convinced the Committee that the errors complained of have been removed and that he, the superintendent, can guarantee the proper conduct of basketball in his school. 


7. 
Expenses of District Committee.-The District Executive Com­mittee has authority to outline and put into operation a plan for financing its meetings under the following restriction: If the assess­ment plan is used the assessment for any school shall not exceed one-half of its regular League membership fee. The failure of a school promptly to pay its assessment, after having been notified, shall subject it to a penalty of elimination from consideration for district honors. If a school refuses or fails to pay its assessment after the close of the season, it may be debarred from participation the following year or until the amount is paid. 

At the close of the season the District Executive Committee shall furnish each participating school in the district a financial statement showing all receipts and disbursements for the season. 

8. 
District Disqualification.-A district shall be disqualified in the State race, if its Committee certifies to the State Office a team which has used an ineligible player in any game that counted on League standing, such disqualification to be made only upon presentation of evidence to the State Executive Committee. 

9. 
Eliminations.-District championships in the respective confer­ences shall be determined by the following dates: 


Conference AA __________________________________________February 19 
Conference A ------------------------------------------February 19 
Conference B ___ __
________________________________________February 19 
Conference AA, A, and B district champions shall determine the bi­district championship by February 26. The eight regional champions in each conference are eligible to compete in the State Champion­ship AA, A and B Basketball Tournament, March 2, 3, and 4. 
Constitution and Rules, Interscholastic League 81 
Conference B district champions shall compete in the regional tournament at regional centers on February 26. A double elimination tournament shall not be used except by unanimous consent of par­ticipating schools. 
10. 
Juriadiction of Inter-district Disputes.-The State Executive Committee shall have jurisdiction in all disputes arising between district winners that have been duly certified. 

11. 
Number of Tournaments.-No high-school team shall be eligible for district honors that has participated in more than three invitation basketball tournaments prior to the last day for certification of a district champion. 

12. 
Games That Count on Percentage.-Inter-conference or inter­district games between participating schools shall not count on a team's percentage. A defeat by a non-participating Texas high school, except by a junior high school or dormitory school,• regardless of size or date, shall eliminate from the District, State or Regional race. A defeat by a school not eligible to membership in the League shall not count. 

13. 
A Practice Scrimmage.-A scrimmage or practice period to which no admission is charged, which is not on an announced schedule and which is not regularly conducted by an official or officials shall not count as a game. 

14. 
Inter-District Elimination Contests.-In inter-district elimi­nation contests unless mutually agreeable otherwise, one game shall be played and the place of the game shall be determined by the flip of the coin. Before agreeing on the time and place of the game schools should decide on the officials to be used and the expenses that are to be allowed each team in putting on the game. 


All bi-district games leading to the state series shall be played on a regulation size indoor court. 
15. Breaking Contracts.-A game cancelled after contract has been signed, unless both parties agree to the cancellation, shall be forfeited to the team not at fault. 
16. Observe Rules.-Each school shall observe faithfully all rules contained in Article VIII of the Constitution and Rules. In case an ineligible man is used in any League game, knowingly or unknow­ingly, the minimum penalty shall be forfeiture of the game. 
17. 
Basketball Code.-By accepting this plan, the coach and other officials of each school pledge themselves to act in the spirit of the "Basketball Code" and to foster this spirit among the players. 

18. 
Eligibility Blanks and Season Report.-Each school shall fill out an eligibility blank in duplicate furnished by the League, these blanks to be signed by superintendent or principal, one mailed to the State Office, and one filed with the Chairman of the District Executive Committee, before the school is allowed to take part in any 


•For definition of "'dormitol"J' school" see Article VII, Section 28. 
The University of Texas Publication 
game. Failure to furnish correct and complete information shall constitute grounds for disqualification. 
At the end of the season the superintendent or principal of each school shall send to the State Office a list of all players who have participated in basketball during the season as representatives of the school. Failure to submit a correct and complete list shall con­stitute grounds for suspension. 
19. Guarantees.-The visiting team always has the right to demand a guarantee sufficient to cover all expenses and in addition 50 per cent of the net gate receipts of the contest. A demand of a flat guarantee which is clearly in excess of expenses, shall upon action of the State or District Executive Committee, disqualify offending team from further participation. 
[NOTE.-ln this connection, expenses of visiting teams, officials, advertising, labor, services, and printing incident to the contest, shall be considered as expenses of the game. Number of men allowed upon expense account shall be agreed upon by coaches or managers of teams involved. Unless mutually agreeable otherwise, the home team shall furnish a playing court without cost to the visiting school.] 
20. 
Ojficials.-All officials must be satisfactory to both parties and agreed upon in advance. Teams are urged always to secure outside officials. The visiting team should insist upon an agreement on officials prior to the day of the game. A school that refuses to play a game because the officials agreed upon have not been secured shall not be considered as breaking its contract. The responsibility to engage satisfactory officials is upon the home school. Beginning a game with an official constitutes agreement. 

21. 
Place of Game.-The District Executive Committee in arrang­ing a schedule within the district shall determine the place of games in case of disagreement between two teams. Unless mutually agree­able otherwise, the place of the bi-district game shall be decided by the toss of a coin. 

22. 
Protests.-A11 protests must be made to the proper committee within twenty-four hours after the game is played, except that a protest based on the alleged ineligibility of a player may be made at any time; provided, it is made immediately upon discovery of the facts on which the protest is based. Protests must be made in writing and signed by superintendent or principal. A protest based on an official's decision will not be considered. 

23. 
School Authorities Responsible.-Responsibility for the proper conduct of basketball in a school system shall rest with the superin­tendent. All contracts and arrangements for games shall be made between superintendents and principals. The control and management of all games shall be under the supervision of the superintendent or principal. 


24. Awards for State Tournament.-In the State Tournament a silver trophy is provided for the winning team, a cup for the 
Constitution and Rules, lntersch-Olastic League 83 
runner-up, and a shield for the third place team, as well as medals as follows: eight gold medals for the winning team, eight silver medals for the runner-up and eight bronze medals for the third place team. 
25. Rebate to the State Tournaments.-All funds collected from concessions and admissions at the regional and State Tournaments in excess of the amount necessary to defray the incidental expenses of the meet shall be prorated up to 100 per cent to the contesting teams on the basis of 10 cents per mile, both ways. 
If after rebate on expenses there is a balance in the fund received from gate receipts and concessions, this balance shall be equally divided among the schools participating in the tournament. 
26. Basketball Fee.-All teams participating in any series leading up to the State Tournament shall pay a basketball entry fee to the State Office by January 15 of the current school year. The schedule of fees follows: 
Conference AA -------------------------------------------------------$5.00 Conference A ------------------------------------------------------------3.00 Conference B -----------------------------·------------------------------2.00 
No team shall be allowed to take part in any game that has failed to accept the basketball plan. All schools that have accepted the basketball plan will be included in the official assignments that will be published in the early part of the fall semester. 
Acceptance cards must be in the State Office by November 15 if a school desires to be considered as a participating member. Failure to pay basketball fee after accepting and participating in basketball plan shall be considered as grounds for disqualification in this sport for one year. 
27. 
State Tournament.-The "draw" for the State Tournament shall be made by the Athletic Director of the League in the presence of witnesses, as soon as the regional champions have been determined and reported to the State Office. 

28. 
Playing Rules.-Spalding's "Official Basketball Rules" governs League basketball. 


TENNIS 
1. 
Eligibility.-The eligibility rules laid down in Article VIII of the Constitution shall be strictly observed in all tennis contests in this League. 

2. 
Divisions.-There shall be the following divisions in the re­spective conferences (including Grade-School meets) : (1) Senior boys, singles and doubles; (2) Senior girls, singles and doubles; 


(3) Junior boys, singles and doubles; (4) Junior girls, singles and doubles. 
Juniors may elect to enter the senior division, but may not enter both junior and senior divisions. 
The University of Texas Publication 
3. 
Area Contests.-The winning senior teams in each conference contest and the winners in the singles (boys and girls) of the senior division may enter the area contest. 

4. 
Regional Contests.-The winners of first places in the area con­tests, singles and doubles, boys and girls, are eligible to enter the regional contests; also eligible in regional contests are winners of senior divisions in AA conference meets. 

5. 
State Contests.-The winning contestants in the regional con­tests may enter the final State contest, to be held at The University of Texas on the second Friday and Saturday in May. 

6. 
Number of Sets.-In all matches except the finals in the con­ference, area, regional, and State contests, the best two out of three sets shall determine the winners; in all final matches for boys the best three out of five sets shall determine the winners. In all girls' matches the best two out of three sets shall determine the winners. 


No player or team shall be required to play more than two matches per day and there shall be a minimum of one hour rest for a team or player between the close of one contest and the beginning of another. 
7. 
How to Enter.-It shall be the duty of each school desiring to enter the conference meets to notify the conference athletic director, giving names of the players and a certificate of their eligibility signed by the Principal or Superintendent, at least ten days before the time of such contest. Furthermore, each winning school in a conference, area, or regional contest shall at once notify the athletic director of the next higher contest, sending names and eligibility certificates of the players. 

8. 
Officials.-The athletic director in each contest shall provide a manager and the proper number of umpires for such contests; and in all tournaments the Director in charge shall have authority to arrange for officials subject to the approval of the appropriate execu­tive committee. 

9. 
Foot Faults.-Both feet must be kept behind the line, and one foot must remain on the ground behind the line until the ball is de­livered. There must be no step, hop, or jump. This rule will be strictly enforced at the State Meet, and should be in the county, dis­trict, and regional meets. 

10. 
Contestants.-If possible, enter contestants who are not in other contests. 

11. 
Participation Limited.-No boy or girl shall be allowed to compete in both singles and doubles. 

12. 
Awards.-In the State Meet a suitable trophy is awarded first place in boys singles, boys doubles, girls s.ingles, and girls doubles. 

13. 
No Cheering or Razzing in Tenni8.-Tennis etiquette does not permit cheering or razzing during the match. Applauding a good play is always in order. Applauding an error is never in order. A tennis audience has always been a discreet and refined one. Any 


Constitution and Rules, lnterscholJLstic League 85 
person who takes it upon himself to berate the officials or makes himself conspicuous by razzing the teams should be requested to leave the court. 
14. Substitution Rule.-The local school authorities may make a substitution to fill a vacancy in tennis doubles but not in tennis singles. (Exception: In tennis singles for girls the school authorities may make a substitution.) After a given tournament has begun no substitution on a team which began the tournament shall be allowed. Please refer to Substitution Rule, Article IX, Section 7. 
VOLLEYBALL 
1. 
Eligibility.-The rules laid lown in Article VIII of the Consti­tution shall be strictly observed in this contest. 

2. 
Divisions.-There shall be the following divisions in the respec­tive conferences (including Grade-School Meets): (1) boys; (2) girls. 

3. 
Representation.-Each member-school may be represented in the conference meet by one team in each division. The area execu­tive committee has authority to include this contest in the meet if it sees fit. 

4. 
Official Rules.-Unless mutually agreeable otherwise, all games shall be played under the Official Volleyball Rules (Men's Rules) adopted by the United States Volleyball Association. The official rules are well adapted for elimination play, such as is required in the League. 


Unless mutually agreeable otherwise, the height of the net shall be 7 feet 6 inches in the center of the court in conference meets, and 6 feet 6 inches in grade-school meets. Also in the grade-school meet the court may be 50 by 25 feet. If the larger court (60 x 30) is used, the serving distance shall be 25 feet. 
5. Number of Matches.-No team shall play more than two matches in one day. There shall be a minimum of one hour rest between the close of one match and the beginning of another. 
TRACK AND FIELD FOR JUNIOR BOYS 
1. 
Eligibility.-The rules laid down in Article VIII of the Consti­tution shall be strictly observed in this contest. These events are open only to boys of junior age. 

2. 
Representation.-Each member-school may be represented in the conference meet by a team of junior boys subject to the following rules: 


a. 	
No school shall be allowed more than three boys in each event except the relay, which requires four. 

b. 	
No boy shall be allowed to participate in more than five events. 


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c. 	A junior boy entered in the high-school meet is not eligible for the junior meet. 
3. Events.-The events with the order in which they shall be con­ducted follow: 
Track 	Field 
1. 	
50-yard dash. 1. Pull up (chinning bar). 

2. 	
100-yard dash. 2. Running high jump. 

3. 	
440-yard relay. 3. Running broad jump. 

4. 
Points.-The first four places in each event count, respectively, five, three, two, and one. If less than five participate in any one event no points shall be allowed for the last place. The school that scores the greatest number of points by this method shall be declared winner; next highest, runner-up; and next highest, third place. For points towards all-round championship, see Article X, Section 8. 


PLAYGROUND BASEBALL 
1. 
Eligibility.-The rules laid down in Article VIII of the Consti­tution shall be strictly observed in this contest. This contest is open only to boys and girls under 15 years of age on September 1 preceding. 

2. 
Divisions.-There shall be the following divisions in the respec­tive conferences (including Grade-School Meets): (1) senior boys; 


(2) senior girls; (3) junior boys; (4) junior girls; and each school is entitled to enter a team in each division. 
3. Playing Rules.-The rules of organized baseball (professional baseball rules*) shall apply in all playground baseball games in this League with the following exceptions: 
a. 	
The Diamond.-The bases, except the home plate, shall be 1% feet square. The home plate shall be 1 foot square. Each side of the diamond shall measure 45 feet. The pitching dis­tance shall be 30 feet. 

b. 	
Equipment.-The ball shall be a standard playground or in­door baseball 14 inches in circumference, either inseam or outseam. By agreement a ball 12 inches in circumference may be used. If the smaller ball is used the pitching distance shall be 35 feet. The bat shall be a standard indoor or softball playground bat. 

c. 	
Number of Players.-A team may be composed of seven to ten players, inclusive. 

d. 	
Pitching Regulations.-The pitcher shall take his position facing the batter with both feet on the pitcher's plate. In the act of delivering the ball he may step forward with one foot but the other must be kept in contact with the plate until the ball has left his hand. The arm must be swung 


•The official baseball rules may be secured from any athletic supply houae. 
Constitution and Rules, Interscholastic League 87 
underhanded and kept parallel with the body. (The pitcher is not required to throw underhanded except to a batter.) 
e. 	
Illegal Delivery.-If a pitcher violates the pitching regula­tions the umpire shall call a ball on the batter for each viola­tion. In such a case a base runner may not advance unless he is forced off his base by reason of the batter becoming a base runner. If, however, the batter strikes at an illegally delivered ball the umpire shall not consider the violation by the pitcher. 

f. 	
BaH Running.-A base runner shall not leave his base while the pitcher has the ball standing in his boL On a pitched ball the base runner shall not leave his base until the ball has reached or passed the batter. A runner who leaves his base too soon shall be called out. 

g. 	
Hit by Pitcketl BalL-If the batter is hit by a pitched ball, the ball is dead and no runner may advance. The batter is not entitled to first base but the play counts as a "ball" against the pitcher except as provided in the following: If the batter intentionally gets in the way of the ball, it counts as a strike. If it is the third strike the batter is out. 

h. 	
No Spiked Sh.oea.-Spiked shoes shall not be worn by any player. 

i. 	
Ground rules are to be agreed upon by the schools before each contest. These rules are not provided for in the rule book. Some of t'he more important rules to be agreed on are: 


(1) 	
How many bases are to be allowed on an over throw? 

(2) 	
Shall the batter be declared out on the last strike if the catcher misses the ball? 

(3) 
Can a runner score on a passed ball at home? The playing grounds and playing conditions may make it necessary to provide for these contingencies. 

j. 	
No team shall play more than two games in one day. There shall be a minimum of one hour rest between the close of one game and the beginning of another. 


HIGH-SCHOOL TRACK AND FIELD 
(For detailed roles regarding track and field events, follow the National Collegiate Athletic Association Official Rules for Colleges.) 
1. 
Eligibility.-The rules laid down in Article VIII of the Con­atitution shall be strictly observed in this contest. Notice that this is not designated a "senior" contest. These events are open to boys of senior or junior age. A boy entered in the junior track and field meet is not eligible for this meet. 

2. 
Representation.-Each member-school may enter a team in the conference meet, advancing to area, regional and State meets as pro­vided in Article IX, Sections 2, 3, and 4. A school may enter in the 


The University of Texas Publication. 
next higher meet as many individuals as qualified in the preceding meet. These individuals may or may not be the same individuals. 
3. 
Points.-ln all track meets held by the League the first four places in each event count, respectively, five, three, two, and one point. H less than five participate in any event no points shall be allowed for last place. In computing individual honors a man's record on the relay team shall also be counted; for instance, each man on the win­ning team shall receive one and one-fourth points for individual honors, etc. 

4. 
Events.-The events, with the order in which they shall be 


held, are as follows:* (For list of junior events for conference meets see page ----· 
Track 
1. 
120-yard high hurdles 5. 440-yard relay 

2. 
100-yard dash 	6. 880-yard dash 

3. 
440-yard dash 	7. 220-yard dash 

4. 
200-yard low hurdles 8. 1-mile run 


9. 1-mile relay 
Field 
1. 
Pole vault 	3. 12-pound shot put 

2. 
Running high jump 4. Running broad jump 


5. Discus throw 
(Notlce.-"National Collegiate Athletic Association Track and Field Gulde" iroverna League high-school track and field events.) 
5. 
Preliminaries and Finals.-The preliminaries and finals for the State Meet shall be held according to the Official Program of the meet. 

6. 
Number in Each Event.-Each school having a sufficient num­ber of qualified men shall be allowed not over three men in each event, excepting the relay, which requires four men. Only one relay team per school may be entered. 

7. 
Number of Events One May Enter.-No contestant shall be allowed to compete in more than three track events, including the relays, and in not over five events altogether; and no contestant shall be allowed to enter more than one of the following events: 440-yard run, 880-yard run, mile run.t 

8. 
Entries for Final Meet.-At least ten days before the first day of the final meet, each school having qualified men and desiring to compete in said final meet shall send to the Director of Interscholastic Athletics, University, Austin 12, Texas, by registered mail, a list of entries, showing each event for which each man is entered. This list shall be signed by the principal or other acting head of the school 


•In meets where semifinals are necessary the mile run may be sandwiched In 
with 	the semifinals. tTbls does not debar a 440, mJle or half-mile man from the rela7. 
Constitution and Rules, Interscholastic League 89 
Official entry blanks are furnished by the League for the convenience of member-schools and may be secured from the State Office or from the Regional Director of Athletics. 
9. Closing of Entries.-No entries shall be allowed for said final meet which are not mailed to the director on or before the tenth da11 before the first da11 of the meet. 
10. 
No Changes in Entries Allowed.-No changes in the entry list as sent in, as per Rule 8 above, shall be allowed except that a man may be substituted for another in an event, provided the substitute is otherwise eligible and already entered in the meet. 

11. 
Must Qualify in Preliminaries.-No contestant shall be allowed to compete in the finals in any event who did not compete in the pre­liminaries and semifinals of that event. This rule applies to the relay as well as to other events. 

12. 
Must Be on Hand at Time Announced.-The Director of the meet shall see that the preliminaries and the finals start at the time ann0unced for them. No excuse shall be accepted for failure of a team or cont.estant to appear at the time announced for the meet to start, and any contestant who fails for any reason to be on hand at the time of the preliminaries shall forfeit his right to compete either in the preliminaries or the finals. 

13. 
Officials.-The Interscholastic League Athletic Director shall have general charge of the final meet, and the conference, area, and regional athletic directors shall have charge of the conference, district, and r8irional meets, respectively. It shall be the duty of such directors to provide officials, secure entries, arrange programs, and attend to such matters as may be required for the proper conduct of the meets. 


Each meet shall be under the direction of: The director of athletics, one referee, two or more inspectors, three or more field judges, four or more judges at the finish, three or more timekeepers, one starter, one clerk of the course, one scorer, one clerk of the field, one marshal, one announcer, and such assistants to these officials as may be necessary. 
14. Protests.-(See Article XII.) 
15. 
Coach Not Allowed on Field.-At the final State Meet coaches and other school officials will not be allowed on the field. 

16. 
No E~tra Trials for Record.-Winners in the shot put, discus throw, and running broad jump at the State Meet will not be allowed extra trials for a State record. Those who qualify for the finals will be allowed three additional trials, and the contestant will be credited with his best performance whether it was made in the preliminaries or in the finals. 

17. 
Observe Rules.-Each team shall observe faithfully all rules contained in Article VIII of the Constitution and Rules. In case an ineligible man is used in any League meet, knowingly or unknow­ingly, the minimum penalty shall be the disqualification of the track team. 


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18. Eligibility Blanks.-Each school shall fill out eligibility blanks furnished by the League for each track and field contestant, one blank to be filed with the conference director general, and one to be sent to the State Office. These blanks are to be filled out and sent in before a contestant is allowed to participate in a League meet. 
CAUTION 
All directors are reminded that certain events such as the discus and shot are dangerous and proper precautions should be taken. To avoid accidents spectators should be kept off the field and contestants, not actually competing, should remain in their assigned quarters. 
APPENDIX I 
WRITING ERRORS 
Many teachers ask the League State Office to furnish more specific description of "writing errors" than is contained in the "Instruction to Grafjers," in the Spelling rules. It is very difficult to describe an error in writing, so we resort to the expedient of tracing certain errors in spelling papers submitted to the State Office for 100 per cent award, and reproducing these tracings herein. First is the undotted "i," thus: 
These marks may stand for an unlooped 2'e" also, for there is no telling an undotted "i" from an unlooped "e." Then comes the "j," just as bad or worse, which has prevented many papers from being graded 100 per cent: 
The "p" is an offender and brings much grief to spelling papers. These p's need diet and exercise to bring them down to proper size and proportion, except the last two which seem to be trying to sneak by disguised as j's: 
Now look at the characters which were made for v's but which the State Grading Committee considered illegible or malformed. The letter "v" is responsible for many disappointments. Many of these, if taken out of their context, cannot be distinguished from u's: 
"\.(, .....,,.. /l.;(. ./?,).. _/l/\.. A.A­
/LL-z...<.. ....-v<--~ Difficulty is had with the "a." The first one is an error because it is too big in comparison with the other letters of the word from which it was taken; then there is the trouble with the down-stroke which should follow clear down to the line. Little superfluous curli­cues, such as you see in the third, fourth, and fifth specimens in the line below destroy the legibility of the character. An "a" which 
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gapes, and keeps its mouth open, has no place in a 100 per cent paper, for sample of which see the next to last "a" in the cut, while the last one has a couple of loops which makes it look like two e'1 bumping their heads together: 
And what do you think of trying to pass off these marks for the letter "l"? An "l" or an "e" must have a loop, but we :find these marks intended for "l" with no loop whatever: 
The letter "h" causes a lot of trouble. Here are a few samples of h's that will not pass the State Grading Committee: 
Here are some marks, that judging from the context, were meant for small t's: 
Of all the letters in the alphabet, the letter "d" is made in a greater variety of shapes and sizes than any other in the spelling papera that are submitted to the State Office for 100 per cent award. Here are a few d's that caused papers in which they respectively appeared to be rejected: 
d d -d ~.d c::(_JI_ ct v:('Al'(' -L ~ oR. JI, L .cf-£/d' 
The League State Office is asked quite often whether the so-called "Parker r" is considered a miss in a spelling paper. Certainly not. A "Parker r" is good, perhaps the best "r" to learn to make, but it must be made properly. When they are good, they are very, very good, but when they are bad, they are horrid. Here are some that are "horrid": 
You will not be able to recognize these characters, and we should not know what letter they were meant for if we hadn't found them 
Constitution and Rules, Interscholastic League 98 
in connection with other letters in a word which we knew how to spell. They are meant for w's: 
You will find in the "instruction to judges" that an unlooped "e" shall be considered a miss, and yet in the county meets, the graders often overlook this instruction and forward on to the State Office papers which contain the following marks which are meant to pass for e's: 
And these unlooped e's might pass for undotted i's, as above noted. Elephantiasis often attacks k's as well as p's. Here are three k's affected with this disgusting disease, taken from different papers: 
Here is a quite remarkable assortment of characters which were meant for b's. Letters so grossly made as these are of course not permissible in a paper which is submitted for 100 per cent award: 
The spelling and plain writing rules say that the letter "n" must not have a sharp top, and yet we find hundreds of sharp-topped n's in spelling papers which have been graded 100 per cent by county graders. Here are a few samples, each one taken from a different paper: 
One of the worst offenders in the plain writing contest is the looped "o." There is a special rule against this character in the "instructions to judges" in the Spelling rules. Here are some looped o's culled from spelling papers submitted as "perfect" papers from county meets and two other o's not admissible: 
..-6L-4)., ~ -4-,,4, ,,.tf,, 4 ~ --<Jl, ~~ 
a 4J. (Jl, 4t ~.Ai-' 
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Not only must the "n" not have a gable-roof, but the "m" must not have one. Here are some samples of this error which never fails to disqualify a paper in the State contest: 
~ 
The letter "f" is supposed to be a very graceful affair, not too thin, not too fat, but just right. It is looped above the line and looped below the line. It comes together like a wasp in the center. All of us know this but here are a few f's that county graders let paBB, but which disqualified the papers when they came before the State Grading Committee: 
The grading committees in county contests should note the "instruc­tions to judges," in Spelling rules, very carefully, and study this appendix, before attempting to grade the papers produced in the county spelling contests. 
APPENDIX II 
PRIZES IN FINAL CONTESTS 
Bo11s' D6bate.-The Eugene Harris silver cup t.o the school rep­resented by the winning team. 
Girls' D6bate.-Silver cup t.o team winning first honors. 
Bo11s' Smior Declama.tion.-The Wozencraft silver cup. 
Girls' Senior Declamation.-The Eli Hertzberg silver cup. 
Ready Writers Contest.-The University silver cup. 
High School Track Meet.-Silver cup, permanent. 
Relay.-Silver shield, permanent. 
Tennis.-The Caswell & Smith silver cup for boys' doubles; the University silver cup for boys' singles; the University silver cup for eirls' doubles; and the University silver cup for girls' singles. 
M6dala.-Gold, silver, and bronze medals for first, second, and third place winners, respectively, in each event of the track meet, and for declamation, extemporaneous speech and typewriting; also gold and silver medals t.o winners of first and second place in tennis and debate. 
Basketball.-The University permanent trophies for winner, run­ner-up, and third place in State Tournament, gold medals for mem­bers of winning team and silver medals for members of runners-up team, and bronze medals for members of the third place team. 
Football.-Permanent trophy, a regulation-sized silver football; plaque for runner-up. 
Spelling.-One hundred per cent spelling certificate. 
Ext6mporaneous Speech..-Cup for winner, boys' division. 
Extemporaneous Speeck.-Cup for winner, girls' division. 
One-Act Play.-Silver shield t.o winner, and small shield t.o runner­up-permanent trophies. Samuel French medal for best individual acting, and gold medals for all-star cast. 
Typewriting.-Silver shield to school as permanent award, and gold, silver, and bronze medals to first, second, and third place winners, respectively. 
Shorth.and.-Silver shield to school as permanent award, and gold, silver, and bronze medals t.o first, second, and third place winners, respectively. 
Journaliam..-Large shield for winning school, smaller shield for aecond place, as permanent awards; gold, silver, and bronze medals for first, second, and third place winners, respectively. 
The silver cups, except those in basketball, football, and track, are 
t.o be in the cust.ody of the winning schools for one year, and a cup must be won by the same school three years in succession in order to entitle that school to permanent possession of the same. 
APPENDIX Ill 
OFFICIAL INTERPRETATIONS 
Article VII, S1;ction 1, High School.-a. In order to determine the "teaching time" in a given school per teacher, simply add up the num­ber of minutes that the school teaches as a whole, divide by the number of teachers in the school, and you will thus arrive at the num­ber of minutes which should be considered "the time of one teacher" in that school. Then determine the number of minutes that are de­voted to teaching above the seventh grade. If that equals or exceeds "the time of two teachers," you should classify the school as a double­unit school, having a high-school department and a grammar grade department. 
b. In a few schools, we find more than four teachers with a tew pupils taking high-school work, and still not devoting the time of two teachers to instruction in high-school grades. For competitive pur­poses, the high-school pupils enter high-school divisions in the League meets and participate in Conference B. Fee is on Grade-School basis. 
The State Committee passed and made the following interpreta­tions affecting elementary grades in schools on a twelve-grade basis: 
1. 
In an eleven-grade school system (with four-year high school) the first seven grades are considered the "grade" school; in a twelve­grade system (with a four-year high school), the first eight grades. 

2. 
Schools maintaining four-year high schools going from eleven to twelve-grade basis automatically advance their elementary grades one year in so far as the eligibility for participation in the so-called "grade-contests" of the Interscholastic League is concerned. For illustration: The number-sense contest is designated as a seventh­grade contest. When a school goes on a. twelve-grade basis from an eleven-grade basis, the eighth graders will be eligible in the number­sense contest. 


Junior High School Competes as Unit.-Question has arisen con­cerning classification for competition of sixth and seventh graders in a junior high school. It has been contended that they should be al­lowed to compete as a grammar grade. This, however, is not allowed. They cannot compete in any divisions specifically set aside for ward or grammar grades. This bars such students from ward school Ready Writers, but does not affect their participation in Number Sense and Spelling, in which events eligibility is placed on a grade basis; nor does it debar junior declaimers who have not yet been promot.ecl to the high school from participation in the declamation divisions for high schools. 
Sec. 3, Junior High Schools.-There are a few schools in the State called locally junior high schools which comprise only grammar grades. Such, for illustration, is the ao-called junior high school 
Constitution. and Rules, Interscholastic League 97 
in Vernon comprising only the sixth and seventh ~ades. Under the League definition of "Junior High School" such a school might be compelled to compete with Class B high schools which would be an obvious injustice. The State Executive Committee, therefore, ruled that unless a school has at least one high-school grade, that is, at least one grade in high school, it shall be classified for Leag'lle purposes as a ward school. 
Sec. 10, Junior and Senior DivisioM.-The terms "junior" and "senior'' do not apply to contests not so designated in this bulletin. Notice that basketball, volleyball, debate, extemporaneous speech, etc., are not in junior and senior divisions. There is junior track and field, but no "senior" track and field meet. Outside junior track and field, there are Conferences. 
SEC. 22. Enrollment.-It appears that a pupil changed from one high school to another, registered and went through a skeleton pro­gram on one day consisting of 15-minute class periods and returned the next day to his original high school. The question arises as to whether the pupil enrolled in the other school. The Committee, basing its conclusion on a similar case in 1931, declared that this does not constitute enrollment, since it is necessary for the pupil to attend a full class period before he is considered enrolled. 
Art. VIII, Sec. 1, Age Rule.-Earliest documentary evidence shall be final in deciding disputes arising under this rule. Records in family Bibles are not accepted as evidence if the entry offered shows any sign of alteration. Moreover, entries which were not made at or near the time of birth are considered valueless as evidence. Recent affida­vits of date of birth are not acceptable as evidence of date of birth. Note that date of filing of birth certificate determines the date of the document. 
Seo. I, Undergraduatea Only.-a. The State Committee has ruled that participation as a graduate in graduation exercises constitutes "graduation" within the meaning of this rule. A pupil receiving a "dummy diploma" is considered a graduate, and no revocation of a diploma, for any reason, restores undergraduates status in so far as thia rule ia concerned. 
b. A school earlier in the year was classified as a three-year high school and so accepted by the State. Recently, this school was re­claaaified by the county board as a four-year high school for local purposes. As the State retains its three-year classification, are we to accept the State or county classification? 
The claaaification in force at the time the school opened for the current year governs. Thia seems the fairest interpretation, since otherwise, the action of the county board one way or another might render eligible or ineligible pupils who have already made choice of schools for the year. 
Sec. I, Sc'/&olarehip Requiremnt.-a. The scholarship rule requires three courses taken in the high school. Work taken in any institution 
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outside of the high school which the contestant seeks to represent may not be counted in order to make up the required amount of work. 
b. 
Seven days prior to the date of a contest is the date which deter· mines the eligibility of a contestant under this requirement. If at this time (seven days before the contest), the nature of the con­testant's work, taken as a whole from the beginning of the semester, would not entitle him to promotion if it were promotion time, in at least three subjects, he is not eligible and he remains ineligible until the time when his work taken as a whole from the beginning of the semester would entitle him to promotion. See definition of semester in Section 18, Article VII. 

c. 
A course of less than one-half unit per semester cannot be counted. For illustration, two one-fourth unit courses cannot be counted as one half-.unit course. 


Sec. 6, Attendance.-Absence for not over two weeks on account of sickness or other unavoidable cause shall not bar a pupil if a written certificate of such cause for absence is presented, signed by the parent or guardian; provided, that such absence cannot be computed on time prior to the student's actual entry in a given school, or after his withdrawal. 
Sec. 7, Competitions Outside League.-The State Executive Com­mittee considered the question of enforcement of Article VIII, Sec­tion 7, as affecting B squads. It was decided that the Committee not attempt to enforce Article VIII, Section 7, as affecting B squads o:c scrub teams of participating schools. 
Sec. 8, Amateurs Only.-lnterpretation of this rule by the State Executive Committee, October 19, 1923, follows: "Money or other valuable consideration accepted by a contestant after a contest ren­ders the contestant ineligible for further participation in Inter­scholastic League contests, irrespective of whether or not there was any agreement with regard to remuneration previous to the contest, all subject to the provisions of the rules of which this is merely an interpretation." 
Sec. ts, Changing Schools. 
a. 
Example: The school of the school district in which contestant resides has less than fifteen accredited units. He is therefore eligible in School A, which is the nearest higher class school to his home or the nearest one in the county. But last session he attended School B, a higher class school, but not, of course, the nearest one to his home. This year he returns home and enters School A. Is he eligible to represent School A this session? The committee is of the opinion that he is eligible for participation in League contests this session, since the School A district is his "home district" in so far as League rules are concerned. Notice, however, Section 14, Article VIII. 

b. 
In order to avail himself of the residence of his guardian to be­come eligible under this rule, the guardianship must be legal, re­corded in its regular order in the office of the County Clerk, and of 


Constitution and Rules, Interscholastic League 99 
at least one year's standing. U no legal guardianship has been taken out, three years' residence with and support of a contestant estab­lishes guardianship within the meaning of this rule, except in case both parents of the contestant are living no guardianship is possible in the meaning of this rule. 
c. 
On March 26, 1928, the State Executive Committee directed that a contestant, both of whose parents are dead, is eligible his first year in the school district wherein a grandparent, uncle, aunt, or older brother or sister resides, with whom he lives and by whom he is sup­ported. Notice, however, Section 14, Article VIII. 

d. 
This rule applies only to pupils in eighth grade and above. 

e. 
U the parents of a contestant move from the district before he has been in attendance for one year he loses his eligibility in the school district from which his parents move, and remains ineligible there until his year is up. 

f. 
In unaccredited schools, a contestant is eligible his first year only in the one located nearest his home or the nearest one in his county. U he has finished the grades offered in the nearest school, he automatically becomes eligible in the nearest school offering work in a higher grade. After an enrollment of three weeks, or longer, in an accredited school, the contestant cannot reestablish eligibility (un­der one year) in the unaccredited school unless there has been a cor­responding change of residence on the part of his parents, or unless the contestant's home school has been raised in rank by adding at least one grade. 

g. 
Note that "bus" transfers are on the same basis as individual transfers except that bus transfers assigned by the County Board are not affected by Article VIII, Section 13. 

h. 
This rule applies also within a city having two or more senior high schools, but does not apply to ward schools or grammar grades. Neither does it apply to junior high-school graduates who change to the senior high school designated for such junior high-school grad­uates. Districts outlined by the local school board shall govern. A pupil living in an "overlapping" district is eligible his first year under this rule in the school of his choice so long as he is living in the district of that high school. After a pupil under these conditions makes a choice of a high school, he will lose his eligibility for one year if he changes to another high school even in the same school system, unless a corresponding change of residence by his parents has been made. 


If there is a change of residence on the part of the parents from District A in a city system to District B in the same system, the pupil may choose the high school of District B Jr the central voca­tional high school whose district includes all the other districts. 
In ruling on the transfer of contestants from high schools in a city system of schools to a central vocational school under Article 
100 The University of Texas Publication 
VIII, Section 13, that the "overlapping district" interpretation con· tained in paragraph "h" applies; that is, that the vocational high school district including all the other districts, is considered as an overlapping district. 
i. 
In case of discontinuance of the school which a contestant has represented in basketball or football, this section does not apply. 

j. 
After a pupil in a lower class school makes a choice of a higher class school within 15 miles of his home he will lose his eligibility for one year if he changes to another higher class school located within 15 miles of his home; unless (1) there is a corresponding change of residence by his parents, or (2) the County Board of Education has ordered the change of schools and the tuition and bus money has been transferred in accordance with the law providing for transfers from one district to another. 


Sec. 14, One-Year Rule.-a. To be ineligible under this rule the pupil must have represented in football or basketball another high school having as many as 15 accredited units. The number of units held by the former school when the pupil enrolls in the new school governs this point. 
b. 
A pupil is not ineligible under this rule who enrolls the first year of a newly created school located nearer his home (where he has resided for at least one year) than a school which he formerly attended. 

c. 
In the meaning of this rule the one-year provision has been satisfied when the pupil has been in attendance in the new school for two semesters even though the semesters may not be two consecutive semesters provided the pupil has not, in the meantime, enrolled in another school. 

d. 
"Participation" is taking part in any athletic contest, either as a substitute or as a regular player, while enrolled in the eighth grade or higher. In a system of 12 grades this refers to enrollment in the ninth or higher grade. Note, however, Rule 30, Football Plan. 

e. 
In case of discontinuance of the school which a contestant has represented in basketball or football, this section does not apply. 

f. 
The State Executive Committee at its meeting January 7, 1937, directed that the following be added: 


"Furthermore, Article VIII, Section 14, shall not operate to render pupils ineligible in a school to which they are changed by order of the County Board and to which their tuition money and bus money has been transferred, in accordance with the law providing for trans­fers from one district to another." 
Sec. 16, Passing Grade Preceding Semester.-a. Question arose as to whether a contestant was eligible to compete in a basketball eame the Saturday night following the Friday which was the last school day of the fall semester. The contestant had failed to pass in three credit courses during the spring semester of the 
Constitution and Rules, Interscholastic League 101 
preceding echool year, but had passed in three credit courses dur­ing the fall semester. At the time of the game, it was a question of which was the "last semester," the fall or the spring semester. The committee ruled that the contestant was ineligible since the fall 181D88ter does not close until the new semester has begun, and the new semester does not begin until school is in session again after the laat school day of the fall semester. For definition of a "semester" see Section 18, Article VII. 
b. 
A student changing schools is ineligible under this section if the school to which he changes refuses to allow credit for work completed the preceding semester in the former school. 

c. 
A year's credit in a subject granted on the basis of grades made during both semesters may be counted as one of the three half units required regardless of the particular grade for either semester. 

d. 
No exceptions are made to this rule for any reason. If the con­testant was sick, or had to quit school for other good reasons, he 1imply is not eligible if he failed to get credit for three half-unit credit courses during the preceding semester. Summer school work or any work handed in after the close of the semester cannot be counted. A contestant who has been out of school a full year or more is eligible provided he attended a major portion of, and made three half units, the last semester he was in school. The fact that he was passing at the time of his withdrawal does not satisfy this rule. If he did not earn the prescribed credit he is not eligible. If the con­testant was enrolled less than three weeks his last semester he is not considered as having "attended" that semester. 

e. 
In case the session is not divided in a given school into semesters, the pupil must have been promoted at the last promotion period. 


Article X.--a. Only the events listed in this section may be counted towards all-round championship. 
b. Attempt to change schedule of points in conference meets has caused more dissatisfaction than any other one thing in the past. Conference committees which arbitrarily change the schedule are uni­formly overruled by the State Committee on appeal by any dissatisfied school. 
Sec. I, "Defu,vJ,t" and "Forfeit."-A winner by "default" is one against whom no opposition is entered; a winner by "forfeit" is one whose opponent has e~ered but, for one reason or another, fails or refuse1 to continue the contest. A winner by default is awarded first place points. 
Brea/mtg Tiu iA Declamatim&.-Note that the "sum of the ranks" is not resorted to for determination of first place if any. con­teltant has been awarded first place by a majority of the judges. Similarly (with first place already decided) the "sum of the ranks" is not resorted to to determine aecond place if one contestant has been siven 1econd or higher rank by a majority of the judges. Thus, if a conteatant bas been ranked first by one judge, second by another 
102 
The University of Tea:as Publication 
and sixth by another, he must be awarded second place, provided, of 
course, that first place has already been determined, as it should 
always be before attempting to settle second place. In short, alwaya 
go by "majority decision" if possible; if there is no majority decision, 
then resort to the "sum of the ranks." With first and second places 
out of the way, then proceed by the same process to settle third place. 
When two contestants are tied for any place, and when the pro­
cedure outlined fails to break the tie, the following plan shall be used: 
List the ranking of the two speakers one under the other as followa: 
Example: First speaker: 2-6--3 
Second speaker: 4-2--4 

It will be noted that first judge ranks first speaker above second speaker; second judge ranks second speaker above first speaker; third judge ranks first speaker above second speaker. This gives following: 
Example: First speaker: 1-2-1 
Second speaker: 2-1-2 

and so breaks the tie in favor of the first speaker. 
In case none of these methods breaks the tie, the cont.estants who are tied should be placed in competition before a new set of judges. Grade Contests.-The Committee interpreted the so-called "primer grade" to read "first grade" in all schools, the question having arisen whether or not a school might have a primer grade and then a first grade. This interpretation was made for the clarification of rules 
governing "grade contests" such as spelling and arithmetic. Rule 22, Football Plan: a. The Committee discussed the wording of Rule 22, and it appearing that the word "years" as used in this 
rule causes some difficulty and misunderstanding, the Committee, by motion, ruled that the word "years" in this rule should be taken to mean football seasons. In other words, games are to be settled 
on a home and home basis within the past six "football seasons." For illustration: any game played prior to the 1935 season has no bearing upon this rule since it is outside of the last six football seasons. Seasons are counted as follows: 1940-1, 1939-2, 193~, 1937-4, 1936-5, 1935-6. 
b. The Committee considered the question of the location of a bi-district football game under the following conditions: 
In 1935 Team A and Team B were in the same football dis­trict. Team A played Team B on Team B's home field. The following year Team A and Team B were placed in separate districts. In 1940 Team A and Team B won their respective district championships. 
The Committee ruled that next game should be played on Team A's field. 
APPENDIX IV 
SCHEDULE-MAKING 
In order to conduct a round-robin, first number the teams. Thia lhould be done by chance, allowing each team to draw its number, or, if representatives of teams are not present, appoint someone to draw for each team. Have the drawing witnessed by signatures of those preaent and file for future reference, in case question concerning drawing arises. Suppose there are seven teams. Since seven is an odd number, one team must stand by as each round is matched. The ftrat round ia arranged by writing the numbers down in their order, 1, 2, 8, in column form and then 4, 5, 6, 7 in column form up to the left, setting 4 opposite 8, 5 opposite 2, 6 opposite 1, and 7 at the top for the "bye." Repeat this arrangement except to drop the position of "1" down one space each time until it reaches the bottom and then move ita position to the left and up to top of left column, and you hue completely laid out each of the round-robin schedule, thus: 
7  6  5  4  3  2  1  
6-1  5-7  4-6  3-5  2-4  1-3  7-2  
5-2  4-1  3-7  2-6  1-5  7-4  6-3  
4-8  3-2  2-1  1-7  7-6  6-5  5-4  

Thia arrangement bolds good for any odd number. Keep your eye on the "1"-it re11ol11e1. Contrariwise, if the number of teams is even, "1" remains stationary, and the "2" revolves, thus: 
1-2 1-8 1-7 1-6 1-5 1-4 1-8 8-3 7-2 6-8 5-7 4-6 3-5 2-4 7-4 6-3 5-2 4-8 3-7 2-6 8-5 6-5 5-4 4-3 8-2 2-8 8-7 7-6 
A round-robin for three teams is arranged thus: 
8-2-1­2-1 1-3 8-2 
For four teams, thus: 
1-2 1-4 1-8 4-8 8-2 2-4 
For five teams, thus: 
5-4-8-2-1­4-1 8-5 2-4 1-8 5-2 
8-2 2-1 1-5 5-4 4-8 
The University of Texas Publication 
For six teams, thus: 
1-2 1-6 1-5 1-4 1-8 6-3 5-2 4-6 3-5 2-4 5-4 4-3 3-2 2-6 6--5 
(Note. In using this scheme in debate, choice of sides may be determined for the first round by prescribing that teams drawing odd numbers take the negative and teams drawing even numbers take the affirmative.) 
After the draw in a round-robin the announcement of the match• and dates should be furnished the newspapers. 
Determining Percentage 
After each contest, the "Standing of Teams" should be computad in the usual manner, and given proper publicity. The formula for determining percentage follows: Let a: equal "Games Won" and 11 equal "Games Played"; then 
Oil 
-X 1000 = Percentage. 
'II 
"DRAWING A TOURNAMENT"* 
If the number of teams entered is a power of two, no byes are drawn, as in four, eight, sixteen, thirty-two, etc. Brackets are ar­ranged, as follows: 
First Round Semifinal Final Winner 
1. 

2. 
} }--­


8. 
4. } 
6. 6. ~---} J 
7. 
-------------} __}

8. 
_______ 


Directions for filling brackets: Put names of the teams in a hat and have someone draw them one at a time, and as each name is drawn, write it into the bracket, beginning at "1" and continuing until 
*The principle of "aeedlns" may be adopted b7 any county, district or reslonaJ committee. 
Constitution and Rules, Interscholastic League 105 
the name of each of the eight teams is written into the "first round" in the order drawn. In debate, odd numbers are assigned the negative for the first round, and even numbers assigned the affirmative for the first round. The winner of the 1-2 match is written into the first line of the "semifinal column ____ ;-the winner of the 3--4 match is written into the second line for semifinal competition. The lower bracket is filled in with the winners of the 5-6 and 7-8 matches, respectively. Winners of the semifinals then compete for the cham­pionship of the tournament. 
In case, however, the number of teams entered is not a power of two, another arrangement is necessary. If, for example, seven teams are entered, subtract seven from the next power of two, which is eight, and you have the number of byes, namely, one. Place "1" at the head of the semifinal column, as a "bye" and bracket the remaining numbers for the "first round." Number 1 then competes in the semi­final with the winner of the 2-3 match of the "first round," while the lower bracket is brought out in identically the same way as the lower bracket in the illustration given for an eight-team tournament. 
If there are nine teams entered, subtract nine from the next power of two (16) and you have seven byes. Divide the byes between the top and the bottom of the bracket, thus: 
First Round Second Round Semifinal Final Winner 
1. 

2. 
} I


'· 6. } 8. I 
6. 

7. 
} 

8. 


} 
9. } 
APPENDiIX V 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST OF LEAGUE PUBLICATIONS 
1'hose ordering bulletins should read carefully the description o/ the bulletin given below and the terms upon which it is distributed. 
Stamps are not accepted in payment for bulletins, and bulletins are not sent C.O.D. or on account. Cash in the form of money order, express order, currency, or personal check must accompany order. 
Do not expect the bulletins to travel as rapidly as first-class mail. Wait a reasonable time before sending in an inquiry concerning an order previously given. 
If it is necessary to telegraph an order, the money should be tele­graphed also, as otherwise the order must surely be held up awaitingremittance. 
When the term "League Sr,hool" is used in this list it i8 meant to refer to a school which is a member of The University lnterschQlastic League. 
Reduced prices do n(,t apply on cumulative tJrcters. For instance, a school. ordering 50 copies one time and 50 at another time de>es not receive these at the rate given on 100 lots. 
Bulletins ordered are not subject to exchange, nor will moneu be refunded for same. 
Constitution and Rules of the lntera.cholastic League (1943), No. 
4327, 111 pages, 10 cents per copy. 
Contains rules and regulations a:overning all >onteats ~• r.lle Unlveralty lnter· scholastic Lea2ue. Free COPY ,. sent to the person remitti'l1< t.he r.,.. for a school. Extra copies 10 cents each 
Re-Constituting the League of Nations, debate handbook, 60 cents 
per copy ( 1943), 200 pages. 
This bulletin contains briefs and selected articles, pro and con, on the current debate question, "Resolved, That the United States should join in re-constituting:the League of Nations." 
"The League of Nations" (1923), No. 2329, 87 pages, 25 cents. 
Contains briefs and arguments, pro and con, concerning the following query: "Resolveed, That the United States should foin the League of Nations." This bu! letin, although prepared for debates many years ago, contains considerable mate.. rial germane to the present debate question. 
Post-war World Organization (Background Studies), Volume II. 
50 cents per copy. 
This is a wordbook for Interscholastic League debaters. It contains alternate plans for post war world organization, thus furnishing the negative side in this year's debates an arsenal from which to draw arguments for proposals other than a reconstituted League of Nations. It also contains a thorough analysis and bibliography, as wen as affirmative and negative briefs on the Question, "Resolved, That the League of Nations should have sufficient military power to enforce its decrees." Students will find much of value in the way of information, as well as many stimulating suggestions for organizing debate material so that it will be 
readily available. 
League of Nations Debate Package, $1. 
This package contains Volumes I and II of the NUEA Debate Handbook for 1942-43 entitled "World Organization,'' and containg many articles dealing: with one phase or another of world organization, including a League of Nations and in addition, the following circulars and pamphlets : American Foreign Policy b~ 
J. O. Downey; The United States in a New World (a) Relations with Britain 
Constitution and Rules, Interscholastic League 107 
(b) Pacific Relations; Why Did God Make America by H. A. Wallace; Tbe United States and the League of Nations; The Atlantic Charter; Free World Aaaociation Folder ; Toward a Durable Peace by Eugene Staley ; The Price of Free World Victory; "Our President Declared" Free World Folder; Pursuit of Happiness in Wartime by E. C. Lindeman; Problems of World Organization. 
Equalisation of Educational Opportunity (1941), No. 4138, 250 
pares, ainale copiea 35 centa, four copiea for $1. 
Thie bulletin containe ar1tUmento pro and con on th~ 1.,terscholasti< League debate query for the school year 1941-42. It also contains affirmative. negative and general briefs. u well RR Rn exhanAtivf' analysis of' •hf' Q1Jpqtinn Jtnrl ,. rb~s~ifiet4' "ih1in~r!lphy It wu prepared by Dr. Joseph Ray, Professor of Government in the North Texas State Teachers College.
On this same subject, there ar~ available two handbooks. Vol. I and Vol. ll. entitled "Equalizing Educational Opportunity' at $.25 per volume. These bulletins are both good..,ized volum.., of 200 or 25~ pages each 
The Natural Resource Tax (1940), No. 4038, 250 pages, single 
copies 35 centa, four copies for $1. 
The debate question for the school year 1940-41 proposed an increase in taxes on natural resources. and this bulletin contains a wealth of material, both negative and af!lrmative. It also contains suggestive briefs. It was prepared under the direction of Professor Thomas A. Rousse, of the Public Speaking Department, The University of Texas. 
Socialized Medicine, No. 3938, 250 pages, single copiea 35 cenh, four 
copiea for $1.00. 
Afllrmatlve, negative and general briefs of the 1939-40 League debate question. prepared by Dr. Joseph M Ray Asaociate Professor or Government, North Texas State Teachers Coll~e There Is here assembled authoritative information, pro and con, on this ven vital qu.,,.tion There is included • large bibliography and the names of organlzatlone which will furnish free material. 
The Sales Tax, No. 3838. 250 pages, aingle copies 35 cents, four 
copies for $1. 
Thia wu the Leairue handbook on the debate query for the scbool year 1938-39. It contain• sucrireetlve briefs. 1el~ted arirumenta. bibliography, etc.. all bearinir on the debate query. "Resolved. That Texas Rhould Adont a Uniform Retail Ral"" Tax." It was prepared by Professor George H..,ter and Professor Thomas A. Rousse. 
Texaa Legi9'ature: One Houae or Two? No. 3738. 250 pagea, aingle 
copiea 35 cents, four copies for $1. 
Thie wa1 the Leacrue handbook on the dehate ~uery fm th• school Year 1987-38. It contain• 1uirirestive briefs. selected argumenta. bibliography etc., all bearing on the debate query. "Resolved. That Texlll! Should Adopt the One-House Leirislature.• It was prepared by Dr. Joe M. Ray. Asaoeiate Profesam of Government In the North Texas State TeacheM! College. 
"Government Control of Cotton Production," No. 3538, 311 pagea. 
Sinale copiea 20 cents. Eiaht copiea for $1. 
Thia wu the Leairue handbook on the debate query for the school year 1986-88. It eontalna both neirative and afllrmative briefs, articles from standard authorltla chins a eeneral aurvey of the cotton eltuatlon. a• well u selected argu· -ta from thOM who favor and from thoee who OJ>POle irovernment control of production. The material In this bulletin is evenly balanced, and it Is designed to farnlab the blirh-hnol debater with a fairly comprehensive treatment of the aubject.It wu prepared by Profeeaor Thomas A. Rousse. Debate Coach The University of Texu. 
"Radio Control," Debate Handbook, 224 pasea, 20 cents. 
Contains blbli0«raphy and 1elected articlee for and aealnst the followlne debate QIMl'l': "Reaolved that the Unltod States Should AdOJ>t the Essential Featuree of the Brltfah SY8tem of Radio Control and Operation." Elirht copia for Sl. 
"Flnancina a State Syatem of Hishwaya" (1929), No. 292S. 120 
paa-. 10 ceab. 
Contains brlefll, blbJIC)&'rapby. and ael~ted argument&, botb afftrmative and nega­tive, on the following query: "Resolved, Tbat the Sterlinll Plan for Flnanelnir a State 8J'8tem of Blshwan In Tau •hould be adopted." This bulletin was used In the 192940 debates. 
108 The University of Texas Publication 
"Trial by Jury," No. 3028, 10 centa. 
Contains briefs and arguments pro and con on the followln11 query : "Resolved, That a substitute for trial by Jun should be adopted." This question wao debated In the Leairue debatine contests durlne the 1980-81 •r.holaatlc year. 
"Limiting Taxes on Tangible Property" (1932), No. 3228, 10 centa. 
Contains briefs, selected ariruments and authoritative statistics on the followine debate query : "Resolved. That at least one-half of all State and local revenues In Texaa should be derived Crom sources other than taxes on tanelble property." Thia bulletin was prepared by· C. A. Duval, Ph.D.. lnstruetor in Economics, The Uni­versity of Texas 
Equalizing Educational Opportunity, two volumes, 1934, Vol. I, 
220 pagea; Vol. II, 224 pages, 25 cents per volume. 
These two bulletins were prepared by Mr. Bower Aly for debates in the League during the school year of 1934-35. This is an excellent debate question, especially so since the question has become very much alive during the past session of Congress. Debate classes, literary societies and debate clubs will find a discussion of this question very stimulating. · 
..Nationalization of Munitions" (1936). No. 3638. 225 pages, 10 
centa. 
The 11uestion for debate in all Interscholastic Leairue matched debates for the 1936-37 school year was: "Resolved, That the Manufacture of Munitions of War Should Be a Government Monopoly." Professor Thomas A. Rousse, Debate Coach at The University of Texas, prepared this bulletin covering practically every phase of the query. The bulletin contains general, negative, and affirmative briefs, biblioirraphy, selected arguments, etc.. using, of course, only the most eminent authorities In the field. Single copies, 10 cents. 
"Texas History Syllabus," No. 3544 (1935), 61 pages, 10 cents per 
copy, 15 copies for $1. 
This bulletin offers a detailed outline of Texas History especially prepared for Extemporaneoue Speech contestants, with abundant references and a blank 1>age opposite each page of outline for additional references and notes Valuable also for rea-ular curriculum classes in Texas History. 
"Making Friends in Music Land," Book II (1926), No. 2637, 75 
pages, 10 cents. 
This bulletin was prepared by Dr. Lota Spell for use in the Music Memory contests in the League a number of years ago. It is an excellent supplementary reader and may be correlated with music appreciation work. Twenty classical selectione are treated. Five cents 11er copy In quantities of ten or more. Single copies, 10 cents. 
"Making Friends in Music Land," Book VI (1935). No. 3540, 80 pages, 10 cents. Same description as Book II, except that different selections are treated. Slnele copies 10 cents: twelve copies for $1.00 
"Making Friends in Music Land," Book VII (1938), No. 3840, 
100 pages, price 15 cents. This bulletin by Dr. Lota Spell irlves both teacher& and puplla valuable Informa­tion and suggestions for recoirnltion of theme, Instrumental tone and types. Planned as a claesroom text In music appreciation with many auegeetlve and thoueht qu_. tions appended after discussion of certain 11haaes of the subject. 
"Making Friends in Music Land," Book VIU (1941) No. 4140, 
100 pages, Price 15 cents per copy. 
Each of the selection• contained In the 1942-43 music memory list receives attention in this bulletin. Also there are augirestions to teachers and pupils which assist in the study of the various requirements of the Interscholastic League contest in Music Appreciation. Teachers find this little book 11uite a help In enllstine the interest of pupils, and in systematizing the study of the selections. 
"Developing Number Sense" (1938), No. 3827 32 pases. 10 centa. 
Written by John W Calhoun, Prof-or of Applied Mathematica, The University of Texas This bulletin la an enlarirement of the bulletin iHued by the Leasue under the same title in 1926. It contain• direction• to the teacher and to the atudent for developlne "number aense." that le an ability to aolve quickly arithmetical problema with a fair deirree of a""uracy without the use of pencil 01 paper. It la old·fuhloned "mental'" arithmetic eystematlcally presented.. Thia bulletin le uaed u a baala for 
Constitution and Rules, Interscholastic League 109 
conference contata in artithmetic. It contains more than a thousand problems. One free copy to each member school expecting to enter the arithmetic contest. Extra copiea. ten cents apiece. fifty centa per dozen. $ll µer ,uu 
How to Teach Namber Sense, a Handbook for Teachera (1938), 
Balletin No. 3842, 28 pages, 25 cents per copy. 
A tach.-who hu been aponsorine thia contest aince It wu included In the Leasue aobedule ten yara qo bu taken ereat pains to outline exactb how •he preeenta thla material to her cluaea. She baa done an excellent job, and many teacbera will find la It a snat tlm-aYer In PNP&rlne •-on-plana u well u ma117 •U&cationa for abort-cut metboda, record-keepinir, etc. It la not deafened for pup!la, but for the suidance of the teacher. 
Word Liat• for lntencholaatic League Spellins Contests (1942) No. 
4233, 16 pagea. 5 cent• per copy. 
The words liats for the three divisions in tbU. contest are published in this bulletin, makine a supplementary list for those appearing in the State adopted texts. Both the texts and the word lists are necessary for preparing pupils to engage In this conteat. In quantiti•. 26 cents per dozen or $1 per hundred, postpaid. 
Art Appreciation Studies in Fourth and Fifth Grades (1940), No. 
4036, 15 cents per copy, 10 copiea for $1. 
Mra. Florence Lowe Phillipa is the author of this bulletin Rb.ch was designed for fourth and fifth irradea. Each one of the selections is discussed, and biographical data concernine each of the artists are given. 
FaTorite Picture• (1941), No. 4136, 15 cenb per copy. 10 copies 
for $1. 
A collection of stories concerning the picturea and the artists included in the 1942-1948 picture memory list is here pr...ented in quite attractive form. The author is llilra. Florence Lowe Phillips who has prepared other numbers of this series in the past. The bulletin is printed in large type and in a manner suitable for study by children. Each pupil in the picture memory class should have an individual copy of this publication. 
"Picture Stady in Elementary Grade•" (1936), No. 3634, 50 pagea. 
10 eenta per copy. 
This is a collection of articles published in the l11teracho/.aatic Leaguer under the title, "Picture Appreciation," by Miss Florence Lowe, Head, Art Department, Sam Houston State Teachers College. The article contains many helpful hints to teach­
ers who have charge of picture appreciation study in the fourth and fifth grades.. aa well as a great deal of general information concerning the less technical aspects of paintine, sculpture, and architecture. 
''The fhree-R Cont..t•· ( 1927 ), No. 2639. A ~folder containing the Ayres writing scale. Five cents per copy. 
A Preacribed Liat of Play• (1941 ), No. 4125, 12 pasea. 
A II.et of 860 One-Act Play titles for use in League conteats. Listed according t~ title, author. number of charectera. type. royalty. and publisher. 
A Preacribed Liat of Junior Declamation•, No. 4144. Price 10 cents. 
A II.et of a.ooo titlea of poems for use in League contesta. Listed alphabetically according to title. author. and the books in which each poem is found. Contains >ibliogreph~ of 66 booke of 1>oetr9 
The Speech Teacher and Competition (1941), No. 4142, 75 pases, 
25 cents per copy. 
Part l of thle bulletin, the me of competitions as a method of teaching is discussed from a hletorlcal and theoretical standpoint by Roy Bedichek. Director of The Uni­ffl'aity lnterscholutle 1-ue. Part II le written by F. L. Winship, Director of Speech Activities In the Interscholastic Lealrue. It is deaienecl to be of practical -llltance to tachera who haYe undertaken the work of oponaoring dramatic, extem· poraneoua 1peech or declamation cantata In their respective schoola. Even experienced te.ehers will find Part II quite worthy of study : those aasiened contat duties but Inexperienced In thlll field. will find It Invaluable. 
110 The University of Texas Publication 
Song• for the Choral Singing Contests. 1942 and 1943 Sons Books, 
two pamphlets, 32 page• each. 10 cents per copy, $1 per dozen. 
Many schools have a supply of one or both of these books. In ordering, be care­ful to specify which pamphlet is needed, 1942 or 1943. Some schools will need copies of both pamphlets. 
Let'• Sing the Same Songs. Postpaid $.OS per copy; $.40 per dozen; 
$2.70 per hundred. Only Texas orders accepted. 
A collection of favorites with the music, including the following: Alouetta ; America; America. the Beautiful; Aunt Dinah's Quilting Party; Cape Cod Chantey; Carry Me Back to Old Virginny; Cielito Lindo; Dixie; IJown in the Valley; Homa on the Range ; Thanksgiving Prayer; I Want to be Ready; Levee Song; Nobody Knows de Truubl~ I've Seen ; Old Folks at Home ; Rio Grande : Sacramento ; Shenan· doah; The Star-Spangled Banner; Swing Low Sweet Charlot. The National Recrea· tion Association selected and recommends these sonll'S for school and communitythroughout the country. The point is made that 1t is a great lldvantage to national unity to all sing the same songs. and they're singing from this particular collection everywhere in the country. 
Sing We All Noel, Christmas and Twelfth Night Suggestic.na for 
Home, School, Church, Recreation Center, Club and Community, 
by Augustus Delafield Zanzig. No. 4147, 42 pages. Price 15 
cents per copy. 
Now is the time to begin preparation for a big Christmas celebration In 1chool and community. Music is the soul ot the Christmas celebration, and here In thla bulletin you will find many suggestions, n•>t only for music but for various cere­monials. Lists of suitable plays, festivals. pageants. and lists of carols are appended very valuable for refetence. 
Senior Declamation Bibliography. 
A list of thirty.four books and publications containing Senior Declamations. Som• contain both Senior and Junior Declamations. This bibliography is sent free. 
Relationship of Scholarship in School to Later SucceH in Life. 
Fifteen-paire pamphlet conta1nlna reprint of a •eriee of llrticlea by Dr. H. :r. Benedict, late President of The University of Texas, published in The lnteracholastio Leaguer. It diepoeee finally of the old contention that the poor student 1tand1 beet chance of later succHs In life. The problem Is attacked statistically and the an1wer la conclualve. Many superinten•1ente and principals will want to i,a88 thla Informa­tion on to blgb-acbool pupila through auditorium talk• and on other occasions. Sant only In caae letral-aized stamped and addreaaed envelope 11 ...cloeed with request 
The School and Pre-Military Traininir. No. 4220. 33 pages. For 
free distribution. 
This bulletin attempts to describe the situation confronting the public schools In thla wartime emergency in 80 far as phyalcaJ training and phyaical education is con· cemed. It contains the report of the U.S. Office of Education Wartime Commia8ion. but it is chiefly taken up with a dese.ription of the Interscholastic League's Physical Fitness Program. There is an extensive bibliography which is of interest mainly to the coach and the instructor in phyeicsl education. 
Victory Physical FitneH Clubs, Instruction Manual. 32 pages. For 
free distribution. 
Here is a manual which is prepared with a view to using in phyaical education even teachers who have had no formal training 1n the field. Anticipating the shortage of phyeicaJ education teachers and coaches. the League In colSperatlon with the Texas Health and Emergency Medical Service is distributing this publication,hoping to encourage the organization of Physical Fitness Clubs on three levels, elementary, junior high school and •enior high school. Full instructions are givenfor teaching the standards and testing the results. AIJ blanks necessary for carrying on this program are also available from the Leall'lle offi~e. 
Athletic1-For Better or Wor1e. By Dr. Chas. W. Flint, formerly 
Chancellor, Syracuse University, 30 pages. 
Dr. Flint I! a recOll'nized authority on athletics. His analysis of the evils of atblettca is keen and aearching, while bis estimate of the educational value of atbletlca is hued not only on theoretical study, but upon years of experience In practical admlnlatratlon of the aame in school and college. Free on requeat to member schools: to others. 6 cents per copy. 
Constitution and Rules, Interscholastic League 111 
TJPewritina and Shorthand Teata. 
ll'lftftn.mlnnte t;yplnir teeta, of the aame nature u teeta uaeo In lnter1cholaatlc 1-ue Typewrltinir Tournaments, spaces counted. Two cents per copy, fifteen cents per dozen. Sixty.word, seventy-word, and eighty-word shorthand tests, as ued In Shorthand Tournamenta. 5 <dnta per aet. 
"Namber Senae" Teat Sheets. 
For practice telta In "number 1en1e.' One cent per sheet. Key for sradlna problema II aent with each order. No ordet' JUUd fO'r U..1 than tn oopi.. of a .,W... tm. Be careful In orderlna to call for "Number Sensr•· teata 
Tbe lnteracholaatic Leaaaer. 
llonthl1 pabllcation, oftlcl•I oraan of the Leairue, mall.., free on requ•t to an1 taoher In Texu who 11 coachlna or tralnlnir papill for participation In Leaau• -teeta. 
Speech Teachina: A Vital Problem in Public Education, by Harry G. 
Barnea, Ph.D. 
The lnterscholastic League Breakfast and Section Meeting, November 27 , 1936, voted unanimously to request the LeaguP tn IS&ue Dr Barnes' address in pamphlet form. Thie was accordingly done and it i• now available for anyone Interested who will encloee with request a legal sized stamped and addressed envelope 
Geometry: An Inductive Approach, by Edna Hayne• McCormick 
(1943), 32 pagea. Ten .cents per copy. $1 per dozen. 
Before the child beirins the study of abstract Geometry he should have acquired 
definite, concrete notions he is ca.lied to reason about. " Thia knowledge," eaye
Dr. M. B. Porter, Profeaeor of Pure Mathematica in The University of Texas, "can 
only be acquired by bringing into play eye, hands, and brain ... Mies McCormick 
hu made the moat successful use of this procedure with young students, and their 
work 1howa that they are interested in geometry and enjoy it." Through a series 
of carefully graded exercises in paper-folding and in construction with rule and 
comp&a1, all elaborately illustrated, the author brings together in this bulletin rich 
material for mathematics teachers who want to do a little something out of the 
ordinary routine. Excellent for extra class assignments, and especially recommended 
for elirhth or ninth grade mathematics clubs. 
All orders for bulletin• or other League publication• ahould be addre11ed to 
INTERSCHOLASTIC LEAGUE 
Univeraity Station, Box H 
Auatin 12, Texaa