BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS ISSUED SEMI-MONTHLY NUMBER 151 The University of Texas Record Volume X, No. 2 July 15, 1910 Entered as second-class mail matter at the postoffice at Austin AUSTIN, TEXAS PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS Board of Editors-Killis Campbell, Editor-in-Chief; Eugene C. Barker, Secretary and Manager; Robert A. Law, N. L. Goodrich, F. W. Simonds, .A. C. Scott, John E. Rosser, James J. Terrill. The publications of the University of Texas are issued twice a month. They are arranged in the following series: RECORD, MINERAL SURVEY, GENERAL, HUMANISTIC, MEDICAL, SCIENTIFIC, REPRINT, UNIVERSITY EXTENSION, OFFICIAL. For postal purposes they are numbered consecutively as Bulletins without regard to the arrangement in series. With the exception of the special numbers any Bulletin will be sent to citizens of Texas free on request. Communications from other institutions in reference to exchange of publica­tions should be addressed to the University of Texas Library. THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS RECORD has been issued from two to four times a year since December, 1898, and is now in its 10th volume. Its purpose is to preserve a record of the life and progress of the University, and for that reason It is of special interest to alumni, ex-students, and friends of the University. Upon request it will be regularly mailed, free, to any citizen of Texas. Ad­ dress THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS RECORD, Austin, Texas. The bulletins of the UNIVERSITY EXTENSION and OFFICIAL series, consisting ef Announcements of Courses, Catalogues, Regents' Reports, and administra­ tive matter, will be mailed free to any one upon request. The University still has for distribution copies of the following bulletins: GENERAL SERIES 4. Courses of Study in Law Pursued in the University of Texas, by J.C. Townes. 16 p. March, 1904. 7. The Consolidation of Rural Schools, by Una Bedichek and G. T. Baskett. New edition, enlarged by A. C. Ellis. 85 p., illus. November, 1907. 25 cents. 10. Views of the University of Texas. 42 p., illus., n. d. 20 cents. 11. What Should be Done by Universities to Foster the Professional Education of Teachers t by W. S. Sutton. 24 p. 1905. 15 cents. 15. The Teaching of Agriculture in the Public Schools, by A. C. Ellis. 56 p., illus. December, 1906. 25 cents. 16. A Study in School Supervision, by Carl Hartman. 180 p. 1907. 50 cents. 17. Religious Activities at the University of Texas. 53 p., illus. August, 1909. (Continued on inside back cover,) THE PRESIDENT AND THE BOARD OF REGENTS T. B. GreenwoOd W. A. Johnson A. W. Terrell A. W. Fly Hampson Gary W. T. Henry Geo. W. Brackenridge T. S. Henderson 8. E. Mezes BULLETIN OP THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS ISSUED SEMI-MONTHLY NUMBER ISi The University of Texas R.ecord Volume X, No. Z July IS, 1910 Entered as second-class mail matter at the poatoffice at Austin AUSTIN, TEXAS Cultivated mind is the guardian genius of democracy. . . . It is the only die· tator that freemen acknowletlge and the only security that freemen desire. President Mirabeau B. Lamar. THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS RECORD VOLUME X, NO. 2, JULY 15, 1910. CONTENTS CONSERVATION OF NATIONAL RESOURCES, by Charles R. Van Hise . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 SELFHOOD AND SERVICE, by John A. Rice, D. D ..... . .. . : . . . . . . 85 THE CHANGELESS IDEAL, by Charles H. Shaw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . !16 COMMENCEMENT ADDRESS, by Cecil H. Smith . ... . ............ 116 THE UNIVERSITY: General Notes-­Calendar of the Spring Term at Austin, 126; More Faculty Losses, 127; The Charles Durand Oldright Fellowship in Philosophy, 127; Lectures during the Spring Term, 129; Music during the Session of 1909-10, 129; The Fortnightly Club, 131; The University Coopera­tive Society, 131; Dr. Griffith Honored, 134; Vacation Activities of the Faculty, 135; Professor Potts's Railroad Transportation, 135; Miscellaneous Notes, 137. CoIIlDlencement-In General, 138; The Y. M. C. A.-Y. W. C. A. Reception, 138; Com­mencement Sunday, 139; Alumni Day, 140; Commencement Day, 142; The Final Reception, 147. The Department of Education-Registration for 1909-1910, 148; Diplomas and Certificates GTanted, 148; Work of Teachers' Committee, 148; Students Placed, 149; Outside Activities, 149; Dr. Farrington's. Rasignation, 150; Work of Advanced Students, 151. The Department of Engineering-In General, 152; Faculty Losses, 154; Senior Theses, 154; Positions Secured by Seniors, 154; Electrical Engineering, 155. Matters of Public Interest from the Minutes of the Faculty . . . . 156 Transactions of the Board of Regents........................ 160 Student lnterests-­ Y. M. C. A., 166; Y. W. C. A., 167; "The Masqueraders," 168; Stu­dent Electio1:1.s, 169. Athletics-­In General, 169; Baseball, 169; Track, 171; Tennis, 173; The Awarding of T's, 174. The Texas Academy of Science ..... . . ........................174 THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS RECORD VOLUME X, NO. 2, JULY 15, 1910 CONSERVATION OF NATIONAL RESOURCES* BY PRESIDENT CHARLES R • . VAN HISE, OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN On May 13, 1908, in the East Room of the White House, Presi­dent Roosevelt delivered an epoch-making address before a notable audience. 'rhere.were the meJl!.bers of the cabinet, the members of the supreme court, both branches of congress, the governors of all the states but two, and representatives of all the great national societies. Never before bad the governors ·of the states been · brought together fo consider a matter of public welfare. Never before had the scientific men of the country met thus. And the. president's address on the conservation of the nation's resources will go down to posterity as one of the great national gocuments. 'rherc were in addition a series of addresses of scientific men in . . reference to the different questions concerning particular resources with which they were working. The governors of the states unanimously requested the president to appoint a national conservation commission, and inany signi­fied their intention to appoint state commissions immediatP.ly upon their return to their states. Later fifty-two state conservation com­missions were appointed, and fifty-one of the great national so­~ieties appointed committees to take up the question of the con­servation of the particular national resource in which each was interested. A North American Conservation conference was held later, in which Mexico, the United States, Canada and New Foundland met together. Finally the National Conservation Association was formed with Ex-President Charles W. Eliot, of Harvard, 'IS its first president; and when he resigned, Gifford Pinchot was elected to · succeed him. •An address delivered before the University of Texas on April 28, 1910. The University Record We have never taken an inventory of our national resources. We are in the position of a man who, when bequeathed an estate, haB gone on spending his money freely, and has never taken the trouble to ask what his capital is. Now,· however, we are beginning to realize that the resources may not be limitless; that we must know what we have to depend on, and how long we can make it last. There are four kinds of resources: our minerals, forests, water powers, and soil. Of all of our mineral resources, coal is the most important. Until about the middla of the Nineteenth Century we had scarcely begun to draw upon this resource; we had only scratched the surface, so to speak. But at the end of the :first decade in this century, it will be found that, in the ten years, we have taken out more coal than in all the preceding decades to­gether, just as each of the two decades previous was greatly in ex­cess of the ten years before them. The startling part of it all is that for every two tons ?f coal utilized, at least orie ton has been wasted, by poor mining which leaves great pillars of coal in the shafts unnecessarily, and by other means. This waste can be reduced to 8 or perhaps to 10 per cent by a little care. Then, too, we have used extravagantly the coal that was not actually wasted. Witness the smoke nuisance in our large cities and manufacturing centers.· It is estimated that the damage to the cities (not to speak of the inestimable damage to human health) due simply to the smoke nuisance is approxi­mately $500,000,000 per annum. The new heating plant of the University of Wisconsin increases the efficiency of the coal used 35 per cent, and it is estimated that the sum spent in its installa­tion will be saved in economy of operation in two or three years. If this is possible at a university, it is possible elsewhere, and need-· less waste of coal should be prohibited by law. For if the present waste and rate of increase of mining of coal are maintained, our coal supply will not last more than 150 years. I do not believe, however, that a century and a half will see the end of this re­source, for I am certain that the geometrical rate of increase will not continue indefinitely, and the waste will be prevented. Prior to 1850 some 5,000,000 tons had been taken out of the ground; at 1900 the amount had been increased to 270,000,000 tons; and in 1907 it was 480,000,000. A hundred million acres of coal lands have passed from the hands of the government into private ownership, either under the guise of agricultural lands or otherwise. Secretary Garfield, under President Roosevelt, withdrew 79,000,000 acres of coal lands from entry, pending classification by the U. S. Geological Survey, and President Taft has since added some 7,675,000 acres more. At the present time the lands which haYe been classified are being dis­rosed of at 2 or 3 cents per ton for the high classes of coal. This is said by the director of the Geological Survey to be about one­tenth of the amount which is paid among private interests for simi­lar lands. We have a right to demand that not one aCl·e of coal land should be disposed of for less than the prices demanded by private owners. The present administration has proposed to con­gress that the coal lands be permanently held by the government and operated on, the lease system with a royalty for the coal mined. The proposal should be accepted by congress and enacted into law. l n Alaska coal lands have been found which are known to con­tain at least 3,500,000,000 tons of high-grade product. But two·· thirds of these have claims filed on them,-whether actual individ­ual claims, according to the requirement of the law, or fraudulent :mes designed to bring the lands under the present large holdings now being claimed remains to be decided by the authorities. If the claims are upheld as valid, the government will never get one­twentieth of their value. The best of the lands are worth thou­sands of dollars per acre. Under the old laws the lands must be filed upon by bon(],-fide claimants in their own interests. Many believe that these Alaskan claims have not been so taken, and that they have been fraudulently consolidated. These claims should not be patented until there is every evidence that they were taken in accordance with the law, and that they are not fraudulently consol­idated. When coal is gone, it is gone forever; but the metals are some­what different. When the ores are taken out of the ground and reduced, they but add to the wealth of the nation. But when they are reduced to metallic form, we should use the metal again and again; we must lessen the great less by waste that is constantly going on,-loss by rust and wear-and must use them over and oYer again. The conservation principle applicable to the waters of the coun­ The University Record try is their complete utilization-waters for navigation, for do­mestic use, and for irrigation and water power. In our discus­sion we will deal only with t~e water powers. In the United States there is somewhat more than 5,000,000 horsepower de­veloped by water power, with a possible 36,000,000 at the minimum flow during the low period of the year. But it is possible to in­crease this to 100,000,000 by development of reservoirs. Every time one horsepower of water power is developed there is a saving of ten tons of coal. If, therefore, water were substituted for coal in the development of power where this can now be done econo­mically (which means the development of some 15,000,000 horse­power more), it would save the nation 150,000,000 tons of coal per annum, which would greatly lengthen the life of the coal sup­ply of the country. A careful, expert investigation has led to the conclusion that 50 per cent of the lands now under cultivation is depleted in fer­ tility. Some 4,000,000 acres of soil have been wholly destroyed by erosion, and a vastly greater area damaged in a greater or less degree. The soil is made at a rate of not more than one inch in 500 years. Hence erosion must not be permitted to go on faster than that. It is certain that we a.re exceeding that rate. This reckless disregard of the erosion of the soil mm~t cease. The soil is the most fundamental resource o:f the nation; from it come the food and clothing of the people. All other things are subsidiary. We have occupied the land on the average not more than 50 or 60 years, for, although the nation is nearly a century and a quarter old, until the beginning of the Nineteenth Century we occupied hardly more than a fringe of land along the Atlantic coast. The greater part of the broad fields of the South and West were not . tilled until a gE:neration or so ago. The depletion of soil fertility is due not only to erosion, but to the loss of the valuable elements-nitrogen, potassium, and phos­ phates-through poor tillage, continuous croppirig, and loss of the fertilizer produced on the farms, which is allowed to wash away in the streams. There is two anu a half to seven or eight per cent of potassium in the original rocks, so that element shows no in: superable difficulty of renewal when it is taken from the soil. So also with nitrogen, which can be added through the growing of leguminous plants, such as clover, alfalfa, peas, and beans, and through an electric process discovered, which makes it possible to combine nitrogen from the air directly with ma.terial to be used as fertilizer. But the phosphorus is a different matter; that is the crucial ele­ ment. When the supplies of rock phosphate in the rocks are ex­ hausted there is no way· to produce an additional available amoulit. It is easy to see where the responsibility for c-onservation lies in regard to a great national resource controlled by a few men, as, for instance, the anthracite coal. But it is not so easy to realize that every man who owns a farm of forty acres is responsible for the saving of the fertility of his land to those who come 11.fter him. Each is alike responsible to the nation for the trust which he holds. There is but .11 of one per cent of phosphorus in the original rocks, or less than 1,500 pounds in the first eight inches of soil in an acre; and fields cropped fifty years in Wisconsin have lost one­ third of this amount. If we assume that half as much has been lost in the United States as in Wisconsin, we can estimate that it would take the present output of the phosphorus mines for a hun­ dred years to restore the loss; and -we do not know that the supply is sufficient to last for that length of time. The high-grade rock of the Eastern states will probably not last more than twenty-five years. .In the West, however, there are large areas of phosphate lands the total amount of phosphate in which has not yet been accurately ascertained. But it would be a sanguine view to take that the high-grade rock available in the country would last for so long a period as one hundred years. Of our present output of 2,400,000 pounds of phosphate, we ship fifty per cent out of the country to enrich the fields of foreign · peoples, when we need every pound ourselves. Someone said to me that we could not impose an export duty on it; I replied that we did not want an export duty. We want abeolute prohibition . of export. ·One-third of the phosphate of farm manure is washed into the streams. And we in thi5 country have made a great in.vention which we call the ·modern sewerage system, by which the ferti­ lizer which is produced by cities is swept int.o the sea and lost. Why are the lands in western New York state which formerly sold for $60 and $100 an acre now selling at $20 and $30? Largely because. the phosphates are gone. If we continue to deplete. the The University Record amount of phosphorus in our land, it is certain that it will be a poor and hungry people living in the United States a century hence. It is an absolutely assential constituent to the soil and to the food of man and animals alike. We must count on man's having to live.hundreds of thousands of years, perhaps millions of years, on the same land. It is there­fore incumbent upon us to reduce the waste as far as possible, to conserve the resources so that the people who come after us may have food and · clothing. We have already Noble, Powell, Pinchot, Roosevelt, on the roll of honor of those who are fighting for con­servation, and a long line of others, we hope, will follow. The conservation of our national resources is our greatest responsibility and opportunity. Conservation means the greatest good to the greatest number and for the longest time. Baccalaureate Sermon SELFHOOD AND SERVICE* BY THE REV. JOHN A. RICE, D.D., OF NEW ORLEA..."'l"S "That the man of God may be complete, furnished completely unto every good work" -(Timothy 3 :17). The story of every life can be written in two words: Selfhood, Service. Men may be divided into four classes: those who sacri­fice selfhood and service by indifference and forfeit both; those who sacrifice selfhood to service and by incompetence miss both; those who sacrifice 8ervice to selfhood and by all-consuming selfish­ness lose both .: those who create a worthy selfhood and by giving it all c:mt in service, gain both. 'l'his last is the ideal for which Paul is pleading,-self-completion for efficient service. When Jesus was asked which was the greatest commandment, He named three loves as the law of eternal life: God-love, neighbor-love, self­love. The order of this development is the reverse. First fo come is self-love, then neighbor-love, then last of all God-love. We can love neither our neighbor nor our God until we love ourselves, for self is the mea8ure of all things. Not until we love ourselves well enough to complete ourselves can we be ready for "every good work." For · "Self-reverence, self-knowledge, self-control, These three alone lead to sovereign power." The balancing of these two master passions, that for selfhood and that for service, is nowhere better expressed than in the life motto of Hillel, the grandfather of Gamaliel : "If I am not for myself_, who is? If I am only for myself, what am I? If not now, when?" The completion of self, then, the growth of an ample and ade­quate selfhood, is our first great task. And how shall this be done ? *Delivered before the Graduating Clas.sea on Sunday, June 12, 1910. The University Record I. From one standpoint by cultivating, regulating, and seeking to satisfy our deepest yearnings. And what are these? What are the ultimate longings back of all our struggles? The sociologists have classified them as the desire for health, wealth, sociability, knowledge, beauty, righteousness. The fight for health need not detain us. The struggle for wealth has a wider and. deeper mean­ing than appears on the surface. It is not merely the love of money, but rather the love of mastery. Men would rather die than be beaten at the game of bu1;1iness. It is the game spii:it that rules. But real wealth is not simply material possessions. No personality is complete without that "lordship over things which orders them about, moulds them at the caprice of its own imagination," mar­&hals them to its service. The Psalmist gives man place in th~ universe as a little lower than God. We are to master all things, or they will master us. And all real wealth is ·"the realization of independence among world forces." Then there is the desire for kn•Jwledge. . Holmes makes one of his characters boast that he can write the history of two worlds on the half of a postage stamp. Challenged, he draws an interroga­tion mark on one edge and an exclamation point on the ?ther. We inquire here, we shall wonder there. Nor is an appreciation of the beautiful in nature, literature, art, life, eve~ywhere less vital than knowledge to complete personality: And the cry for righteousness, personal, social, civic, is the passion of this glad era. · And finally we all long for sociability, for the feeling that comes of traternal fellowship on equal footing with each other and of :filial communion with God. IL Lookeq at from another standpoint, the .growth of selfhood means the coming into immediate contact with vital reality and living in the joy of that contact. All too many of us live on the outside of things. Jesus knew this when He offered Himself as the Door by which we might enter. We are on the outside of the richest joys of the home. We are on the outside of the intimate fellowship of religion and . the church. We are on the outside of the mighty culture forces that are creating for others a new Baccalaureate Sermon heaven and a new earth. We are \)n the outside of those noble tra­ditions, ideals, and aspirations which make the State. We are on the outside of the pulsing music of commerce and industry. We are on the outside of the great world-movements that are making tomorrow. We are on the outside of God's enchanting wonderland that lies at our feet. We are outside of it all. 'fhe human heart belongs on ~he inside, and will rest nowhere else. It is made for the true, the real, the beautiful, the good, and nothing else will hush its cries and give it peace. There is darkness, homelessness, loneliness, and weeping and wailing and gnashing of teeth on the outside. And they that are on the outside are in an artificial, un­real, unsatisfying world. They are never themselves. Their wants are artificial. We hear of the high cost of living now, but we hear little o.f the cost of high living. Yet there are distinct levels . of life. There is the physical, where the man and th~ beast are at one; the intellectual, where to see the wider is to sigh the more; the moral, where what we know passes into whaf we are; the raw· materials of life into character, but where the soul has no sky­lights; the spiritual, where even now and here "our far-traveling hearts reach home and find God and self and rest and peace and the clue to life. There we live our real lives, "And the Master shall praise us, And only the Master shall blame; And no one shall work for money and no one shall work for fame, But each for the joy of the working, And each, in his separate star, Shall draw the thing as he sees it, for the God of things as they are." III. Again, the completing of one's self, the growing of an efficient selfhood, involves the securing of our birthright. That birthright consists, not primarily, often not at all, in titles to property, in stocks, bonds, and personal belongings. These are all valuable, but they are no part of ourselves. The higher birthright of the soul belongs alike to the foundling picked up on the street and the child of royalty awaited by an expectant world. and greeted by the glad The University Record acclaim of a grateful Empire. For it is our common inh~ritance in the experience of the race. Whatever our fathers made their oWI1, yea, even what they sought and found not, what they tried to learn and could not, to do but did not, aspired to be but were not,--all this belongs alike to us all. Where shall we look for it and how shall we get it? The richest deposit of the race is its literature, which is "secreted from man's life when hearts beat hard." It pre­serves for ua all that was dearest to them. Their interpretations of the phenomena of the universe are given in science and philosophy. Our institutions are the expression of their efforts to achieve them­selves in association with each other. Their aesthetic appreciation of the world is available in the manifold forms of art. And deep­est and most precious of all is their religious experience. We can be ignorant of many things without enduring hurt, but we neglect at our peril what our fathers learned of God and the spiritual universe. In a word, the heritage of the past is the total experience of the race. Huxley compares life to a game of chess, only we can't see the man who is playing on the other side. How men, nations, and races have played and won, played and lost, will show us with infinite precision what moves we dare make and what we dare not. Not only the experiences of the past but a world-consciousness of the present is ours. It has been said that the Nineteenth Den­-tury. made the world one big neighborhood. It will be the task of the Twentieth to make it one great brotherhood. To this end we must be able to think through the doings of all its people, be­fore breakfast, and plan our day's work in view of what is happen­ing to the laEt man in farthest land. Not only the experiences of men but a part in their work is ours. There is in us all a creative instinct that seeks expression in action. This must have a chance if we are to come to our own. He who has secured his birthright to all these things is the richest of men though he be without all else. He who has all else without these is as poor as a lone millionaire stranded on a barren rock in unknown seas, forsaken and finally forgotten. IV. But the securing of this birthrigl1t is a tedious task. It involves the severe discipline of our capacities and powers into complete· Baccalaureate Sermon self-command. One of the worst grievances one can have against himself is that he cannot use himself. A preacher and a jockey were trading horses in Darlington, S. C., some years ago. The jockey asked twenty-five dollars' difference. The preacher objected . on the grounds . that if you stood the two up together his horse was as long, as tall, as good-looking, as the other, and he could not, therefore, see the difference. Two men may be stood together, the one a famous hero, the other his unknown neighbor. The one may be as tall, as comely, as the other, yet there are infinite dis­tances between them. The brain and nerves of the one may be as perfect as those of the other. Each has 600,000,000 nerve cells in the brain, but while the one uses some 400,000,000 of them, the other uses only some hundreds of thousands. It is as though the one discharged • a third of these ai:x hundred millions of electric batteries in driving the machinery of his life, while the other is content to carry even these two-thirds without even discharging so much as one· of them. They are dead forever r.nd carried as so much encumbrances. They are no part of his working self. Their capacities for using this machinery of life may be by nature far different. Not one of us is without capacity ample for getting all that belongs to us, and powers sufficient to use it to practical ends. Much of our capital for this business of living is locked up in the unopened vaults of our capacious souls, and we have lost the keys. Indeed, some of us have aeliberately thrown them away. And now we are compelled to make our way with a few paltry dollars when we are millionaires, billionaires, by right! Eyes have we but we see not, ears have we but we hear not, brains have we ·but we think not, hearts have we but we feel not, wills have we but we do not. The mighty men who have b~en the world's redeemers have not been those with extraordinary enclowmemt<, but those who have made extraordinary use of the ordinary gifts common to us all. Some years ago I was talking to a friend in the basement of a factory when a young man came near and touched a button that started an emery wheel revolving twenty­two hundred times to the minute and then held a piece of steel against it until a solid sheet of fire three feet long streamed from it. I asked what this meant, and my friend said: "He is pre­paring that piece of steel for fine work in the upper st-ories." So the fiery ordeals through which self-discipline takes us arc only the The University Record price we pay for efficiency in the work God has for us in the upper stories. Nothing is so costly as perfection, yet nothing is of eo much worth. v. And getti:ug complete command of ourselves involves also the · expansion of our limitations, seeking the soul's world, spurning the worm's, building out ourselves till we provide escapes for all there is in us, and say with Psalmist: "Thou hast brought me into a large place." For "Truth is within ourselves; it takes no rise ]from outward things, whate'er you may believe. There is an inmost center in us all, Vi'here truth-abides in fullness; and around, Wall upon wall, the gross flesh hems it in, This perfect clear perception-which is tJ:ith, A baffling and perverting carnal mesh Binds it and makes all error; and to know, Rather consists in opening out a way Whence the imprisoned splendor may escape, Than in effecting entry for a light Supposed to be without." Ours, then, is the task of opening out a way ample for the escape of this "imprisoned splendor" into the illimitable ranges of an infinite world filled with the Infinite God: Yet how tragic that so many of us are content. to live with the worm in the world of sense, the world of smell and taste and touch and material sights and material sounds. The diameter of that world for some of us is only from fingertip to fingertip, or at most from the house where we eat and sleep to the workshop where we drive or are driven, often without heart and without hope. These have not even the passion for the best which stirs "The chance-sown, cleft-nursed seed That sprang up by the wayside 'neath the foot Of the enemy, this breaks all into blaze, Spreads itself, one wide glory of desire To incorporate the whole great sun it loves, ]'rom the inch-height whence it looks and longs." Baccalaureate Sermon I once knew .a man who WOl'ked in a shop for forty-seven years on practically the same square foot of floor without any of the wild glory of desire to incorporate anything from his six feet of height. And there are others. Not only by our ignorances, but by -01u superstitions and fears, our unfaiths and misbeliefs, do we build an adamantine wall heaven-high around us and condemn ourselves to knowing nothing, thinking nothing, talking nothing, -enjoying nothing, beyond its narrow limits. It is possible for one to swing around a circle a few feet in diam­eter until he falls with exhaustion. Or it is possible for him to describe a new circle outside the old, and another outside of that until he thinks one that leaves its tracks beyond the outmost tracks of the visible world. So he can swing his life around a circle that grows no lal'ger till he falls at last, or he can describe each day a new circle, to-morrow outside today, next week outside this week, the next year outside this year, till the imprisoned splendor escapes and he comes to the thing he called himself, far out "where the world is rimmed with light." Therefore ·"Build thee more stately mansions, 0 my soul, As the swift seasons roll ! Leave thy low-vaulted past! Let each new temple, nobler than the last, Shut thee from heaven with a dome more vast, Till thou at length art free, Leaving thine outgrown shell by life's unresting sea!" VI. 'l'o sum up this growing of selfhood, this winning of s<:lf, this -coming to our own, this completing of the soul, it means the faithful use of all available means for increasing the quantity and -perfecting the quality of our lives. It means the earnest discharge ·of duty in the home. It means the full appropriation of the church and the institutions of religion. It means the diligent use of educational and cultural opportunities. It means loyalty to the obligations of citizenship. It means the making of a clean, -courageous life while we make an honest living by work and trade. 1t means an attitude of openness to the truth, whatever the source The University Record and whatever the price, and of passion for service, whatever the cost. And what is life? Whatever it may be in. essence, the test of it is sensitiveness, responsiveness. The kind of lives we are living is shown by the things that move us; the quantity of our lives is shown by the number of things that touch us. Both are indicate,d by the nature, range, and intensity of our feelings. Sensitiveness to nature's wonderland, sensitiveness to the realities of the spirit­ual universe, sensitiveness to all there is in man and to all there is revealed of God, sensitiveness to perspective and proportion in values. The feeling of the far side of near things and the near side of far things, the deep side of high things and the high side of deep things, the gwd side of bad . things and the bad side of good things, the bigness of little things and the littleness of big things, the feeling of God, t~e feeling of all these, with unimpeded alertness and well-directed intensity, such are the marks of a living soul. It was to awaken this responsiveness that Jesus came. During the war between the States, a young Southerner lay, wounded, desperately ill in the hospital in Richmond. Word came to his mother and she hurried to him. .But the doctor forbade her even to enter the room where he lay. He had been in a stupor for days. After a time she begged just to go in and look at him. Standing for a while behind his cot, sl?-e reached over and laid her hand gently on his forehead. He opened his eyes and asked: "Mother, .vhen did you come?" And then he awoke in anew world. Poor, wounded humanity lay in a stupor till Jesus came, and with the love touch awoke us to the fulness of life. And this responsiveness must grow even under the drudgery of toil. And this growth is slow and silent. It is not without sig­nificance that the first thirty years of Jesus's life were spent quietly in the workshop at Nazareth. The Savior draws a beau­tiful picture of the extremes that meet when He says: "Two women ghall be grinding at the mill; the one shall be taken, the other left." Measured with the tape line of the outer world the dis­tance between them was the diameter of the grindstone; measured with that of the inner world the distance between them was that from heaven to hell. So we are grinding at the mill: grinding in the brightness and glory of the morning hours, grinding . under the Bacca1ooreate Sermon burning sup.. of the noon-tide, grinding with the waning energies of the long evening hours, grinding with fainting heart and failing Ettrength far into the deepening darkness, even at midnight still grinding at the mill ! . Is that all the world holds for us? All that life brings us? Yet that is enough. For every sweep of the mill­stone may extend the range of the soul's grasp, describe widening areas for its touch with the true, the beautiful, and the good, and turn out the grist with which to feed the world's abiding hungers and its own. For the reward of faith is more faith; of hope, more hope; of love, more love; of life, more life. VII. The soul so completing itself is ready for any good work, for every good work anywhere ; and no others are. You do not want a man on your football team that will not subject himself to the arduous drill ne{!essary to alertnesa and efficiency. Failure for· 11imself and the team is otherwise inevitable . . Pitiable beyond expression are those wind-swept, tide-driven Etouls that have no goal before and no motive passion within. They can only be cast up at! drift-wood upon some barren shore. Piti­ able also are those earnest souls that rush to their work with neither strength nor skill nor knowledge of the shoals in the hope of res­ ~.ming some poor perishing brother who might be going down in the dark. They are like the father that, unable to swim, jumped over­ board to save his drowning child, and they were both lost together. More pitiable still are those self-disciplined, expert masters of the sea that eat, drink, and are merry, enjoying the thrill of con­ scious power, but indifferent to the serious work to be done, heed­ less of the signals of distress about them. Blessed, thrice blessed, are those who have made themselves into mighty Mauretanias, ready to answer the wireless call of distress leagues away, ready also for the traffic of the nation. No matter what career you may plan for yourselves, your first call is to manhood, to character, to culture that is productive; A farmer was ·once asked why he sent his boy away to college, since the boy was to be a farmer. His reply was: "To put as great a distance as possible between the man and the mule he plows." Even the call to plow is a call to get ready to plow well, and be a The University Record world man as he plows-~ man with a world-consciousness, ·a world-conscience, a sense of world brotherhood, a passion to ·give his life world-significance, and to appropriate and use the self­unfolding World Redeemer. Paul draws a telling picture of the whole creation, animate and inanimate, waiting and watching, yea, longing, for the coming of such men when he says: "The earnest expectation of the creation waiteth for the revealing of the sons of God." And for such the whole creation holds, not only a chance, but a crown. It is said that in one of the fierce battles of the civil war, Wil­liam Thomas, who had heard the cries of wounded soldiers, fallen between the lines, as they begged for water, went to General Mart Gary and asked for permission to carry it to them. The General refused, but the Methodist preacher insisted, till at last he told him that he might go, but over his protest and at his own peril. With simple and unconscious heroism he went from man to man~ holding a handkerc~ief on high as a flag of truce, giving each to drink, and taking off his hat and kneeling to pray with each. Both lines saw him, and both ceased firing. You are going out, young gentlemen, into a war in which many '~Hav:e really neither joy nor love nor light, Nor certitude nor peace nor help for pain; And they are here as on a darkling plain, Swept with confused alarms of struggle and flight, Wbere ignorant armies clash by night." In the din of that awful conflict you will hear, not only from thousands fallen between the lines, but also from those in the thick of the fight, and even from those preparing to enter, cries of "Water, water !" They will be calling for some kindly heart to give them the fellowship of struggle, for some kindly hand to give them help, help to complete themselves, ~o achieve themselves, help to follow and to feed their deepest longings, to get into satisfying contact with reality; help to secure their birthright, to command and use themselves, to expand their limitations and liberate their "imprisoned splendor;" help into a selfhood responsive to its whole . environment, which is the abundant life. They will be crying above all for that satisfying communion which alone can quench their deepest thirst~ quiet their restless spirits and bring peace at. Baccals.ureate ·Sermon eventide. It will be yours to hear these cries, and under the white fiag of· the peacemaker he1p to bring the answers. But you can do this only if you are yourself complete and complete! y furnished to fight at any cost in every good cause, as brother soldiers to every brave man, so that it can be said of you when the las.t battle is over and the !!moke has cleared away : "He was "One who never turned his back, but . marched breast forward, Never doubted clouds would break, Never drrnmed, though right .were worsted, wrong would triumph~ · Held we fall to rise, are baffled to fight better, Sleep ·to wake." 96 . The University Record THE CHANGELESS IDEAL* BY THE HON. CHARLES H. SHAW, LL. B., OF CINCINNATI Character The term character is derived from the G'reek, and signifies a mark. It has been defined as a habit become fixed; a kind of sculpture in which man is sculptor and marble at the same time.;, the experiences of the past crystallized into the present and the sum of all . past thoughts and feelings. Bayard Taylor says, fame is what you have "taken; character is what you have given. 'I'he roots of character sink deeply into the soil of the past. Much of what men are today is traceable to pre-natal influences. Heredity signifies more today than ever before. One authority attributes more than ninety per cent of the experiences of life to this powerful influence. Naturalists tell us that snapping turtles snap while yet imprisoned in the shell. As life develops, a pattern is disclosed to the inner vision of the rational man. It is the plan according to which he is to fashion his character. Some patterns are larger and more intricate than others, but in the distribution no one . has been overlooked or neglected. Perhaps, a~ in the case of Moses on the Mount, the pattern is the handiwork and gift of Jehovah. In the days of knighthood, men were converted into knights by a ceremony termed Accolade, which consisted of an embrace and a slight tap on the shoulder with the broad side of a sword. · In England peers are created by writ or patent. Some seek in gene­alogical books to discover if they are some one. Others wait for a crisis to make them what they ought to be. Froude says one cannot dream himself into a character. He must hammer and forge himself one. Crises do not develop characier. They only reveal it. Genealogical books do not discover character. They ~imply report the record of one's forebears. The formation of character is not to be accomplished in a day. It is the work of years. Perhaps the task will never be fully completed. We need manifest no surprise at this, for time is required to ma­ *The Annual Address before the Alumni Association, delivered June 13, 1910. Alumni Address ture things that are worth while. A straw may be grown in a few weeks, but a century is required to produce an oak. A mosquito passes from its first stage to its active and veno:pious ma­turity in a period of two hours and a half. But in its maturity it is nothing .more than a pestiferous insect. All things of value are costly. In ord.er to attain unto . a position among the great char­acters of the past, one must pay the price. So·called "Free grace" cost the agony and life-blood of the Son of God. Bacon itffir)Ds that character develops in solitude. We do not question the affirmation, but we believe that there are other atmospheres conducive to its growth. . Our position is proved by the fact that many of . the world's greatest men have t:merged from environments character­ized by turmoil and strife. The ancient Spaniards who enjoyed a period of quietness and peace of four hundred years' duration were weakened by it. They furnished little materials for Roman hif:tory. Nothing is so lasting as character. Aristotle says, "It is not wealth but character that la!!ts." And our own Webster writes: "If you work in marble, it will perish; if upon brass, time will efface. it; if you work upon mind, eternity will not efface it." Character, like the h'uilding, should be carried forward to com­pletion. It should be crowned, as were the Gothic teml>les, with its :finial. Chesterfield, writing to his son, said, "I wish. you a Corinthian edifice upon a Tuscan foundation:" rt geems as though every one should be interested in the formation of a worthy char­acter. But there is no apology to offer for neglect on the part of one who . by reason of choice opportunities has been privileged to climb the heights and behold the elect of the past. Character is what we are as distinguished from reputation, which is what we app;ar . to be. We cannot conceal from others our inwa1·d condi­tion. As Cuvier gets a megatherium from a tooth and Agassiz an undiscovered. fish from a scale, so the world draws our inward state from an unguarded look, word, or act. He who complained that the Creator failed to place a window in the human breast, . forgot to consider the face. Through it, like the Ancient Mariner, who was compelled to tell .the story of the killing of the Albatross to all who were marked to listen, man tells the story of his inner life. The University Record Solomon's Temple Character has been likened unto a building. The likeness ·is not perfect, but the resemblance between the material building and the immaterial character is interesting and striking. The building above all others that has been . used in this connection throughout the ages is the Temple of Solomon. And those who have resorted to the illustration have thus manifested their su­perior judgment. .No building in the world has received so much attention and study as this one. Its architecture and symbolical meaning have engaged the study of many of the world's best students. This interest and investigation is not attributable to the size or the dimensions of the building. It was but ninety feet long, thirty feet broad, and forty-five feet high. Compared with some of the temples of Assyria, Babylon, and Egypt, it sinks into insignificance. . Placed side by side with the great cathedrals of today, it undergoes an almost total eclipse. But Solomon's Temple was not celebrated because of its size and dimensions. It was a monument of wealth rather than of skill and science. The expen­diture of . gold upon it exceeded anything known. . No modern building 9f a s~cred character equals it as regards situation and magnificence. The preparations for the building were made by King David. He gathered the materials together, but the blood upon his hands forbade his active participation i:a the enterprise. Solomon's name has been given to this edifice. He was the builder. He did not perform the manual labor, but the inspira­tion and the direction of the enterprise were his. The wisdom of this ancient ruler has been celebrated in song and story, but his Temple is an imperishable monument to his superiority over the people of his time. He began the structure in .the fourth year of hi.s reign. He could not foresee the future, and therefore he :took advantage of the present. His wisdom informed him as to the dangers of procrastination. The site selected was the choicest in the Promised Land. It was the eastern. hill of Jerusalem, known in sacred literature as Mt .. Zion. A building such as he contem­plated erecting called for a magnificent situation. The situation added an additional luster to the structure. From this eminence was afforded an exquisite view of the Kedron valley and the Mount of Olives. Travelers approaching the Holy City could not but be A.lumni ·Address attracted by the golden dome, which glowed against the azure of the sky. Th.e plans of the building were of divine origin. They were substantially those of the Tabernade of the wilderness. The chief difference was the doubling of the dimensions. Solomon accepted the plans and fashioned his building according to them. The solid rock furnished a suitable base upon which to rest the foundations. The material of these was strong stone that could resist the ravages of time. Stone, wood, gold, and the baser metals were used in the construction of the superstructure. The exterior was of white stone even unto the roof. The boards of cedar within were ciovered with plates of pure gold. It was white without and golden within. The exterior was suggestive of purity. 'rhe interio.r dazzled all who entered .with its golden covering. The humblest service was thoroughly performed, and the minutest of the materials was subjected to inspection. The nails that held the plates of gold to the cedar boards were of pure gold. The Temple faced the east. It was in the east that the Ancients believed God had his dwelling place. They, therefore, turned their faces in that direction. Solomon placed the entrance on the west, so .that the Jews should not honor the sun as divine. He woUld have them worship God in spirit and in truth. No sound of mason or car­penter could be heard on the sacred hill. All the materials were prepared at a distance from the chosen site. Thus the ·building arose ami'd tranquility. Some one hM beautifully said, "Like some tall palm the noiseless fabric grew." The stones of the Temple were so combined that they seemed to have been joined together by nature. Harmony prevailed amo11.g the parts. For a period of seven years the laborers kept at the task. A less beautiful and endearing structure might have reached completion in a briefer time. At length the building was com­pleted. All that love or wealth or skill could devise had been lavished upon it. It now ·appeared like a mass of snowy marble and gold. Like some great. character in a barren age, it stood upon its foundation alone. None stood by it with which it might be compared. Had it been human, it would have lacked agreeable associations. Around his Temple, Solomon raised a par­tition for the exclusion of the vulgar. The priests might enter the holy place, but the Holy of B:olies was reserved for the High Priest,· who visited it once a year. This Temple was not unlike similar The University Record buildings of the past. It was not intended to accommodate the assembled peoples; it was designed to be the special dwelling place of God. Solomon spared no expense in securing materials or work­men. He built the Temple for the glory of God and not to' sub­serve any selfish ends. The site .. which was identical with the one upon which Abraham prepared to offer up ISaac, his son, is sug~ gestive of the !'tacrifice necessary to complete so great ·a work. At the dedicatory services a thick cloud overspread the .Temple. It darkened the place and gave evidence to the people that God was pleased with the house that had been prepared for him In the course of tim.e this splendid Temple met with destruction at the hands of an·oriental despot. The cedar was burned, the founda-· tions were disturbed, the holy vessels were borne away. But the memory of the building has not been obliterated, its influence has not passed away. The description of it so enamored Emperor ,Justinian that he made it the highest ambition of his life to sur­ pass it. It'influenced the architecture of the Christian churches during the Middle Ages, and after three thousand years the colos­ sal foundations still remain despite the wreck of war and .the changes of the world. The Pillars 'l'he building of which we have spoken has afforded us many striking analogies. But perhaps the most attractive and impressive truth which may be derived from a study of it is to be found in connection with the pillars which upheld the porch. Let us say at the outset that a porch 3'lorned this stately building. To be more correct, we might say that it was an open-pillared court formed by a prolongation of the roof and walls. It was as broad as the building, or thirty feet. Its depth was fifteen feet. Its height was forty-five feet. This porch rested on two great pillars. These pillarR were brazen and were moulded in the form of the stalk of a lily. They were hollow and had a thickness of four fingers' breadth, or three inches. Their shafts were twenty-seven feet ·high exclusive of their chapiters. • They were eighteen feet in circumference. They rested on golden pedestals, and at the top they broadened into a capital of· lily leaves. The pillar on the left or north was termed Boaz. This name signified "in it is strength." The pillar on the right or south was called J achin; This name 101 A.lumni Address meant, "He shall establish." Both of them were alike. They were constmcted by Hiram of •ryre, who was skilled in the art of work­ing gold~ silver, and brass. 'They were reckoned a marvel of workmanship, and the Jews never wearied of recounting their glories. The striking peculiarity of these pillars is given to us in 1 Kings 7-22, which reads as follo"ws: . "Upon the top of the _pil­lars was lily work; so was the work of the pillars :finished!' Here­in is set before us the union of strength and beauty. Life's Pillars In every life there should exist certain essential qualities. These qualities may be likened unto pillars, for they support the indi­vidual in his social relations. These pillars of the individual life should be compl~te. And in order to be complete they should unite strength and beauty. They should resemble the pillars of the porch. Some rest satisfied with the attainment of strength. Oth(lrs think they have accomplished their end when beauty ·enters their possession. But it ill only as the pillars combine these two qualities that we can say of them that they are complete. · Time will not permit the consideration of all the pillars. We shall, therefore, treat of a few of the most important of them. 1. Physical Strength The firat pillar to which we shall refer is physical strength. We place this first for the reason that in a very real sense it under­lies the efficacy of all the others. We need not define the term, for every one is familiar with the thing itself. . This pillar is a most attractive one. Men look upon it in life, literature, and art, and :find pleasure in doing so. The almost universal longing is for physi­cal strength. This longing is due to the impression that strength insures a lengthened lease of life. 'I'he ambitious youth strives for · it. Adult age struggles to retain it. Old age mourns its loss. Those who have it not seek to. find it. Many who have lost it seek to regain it. Usually, physical strength ministers to longevity, success, and happiness. To this rule there have been notable ex­ceptions. Some have risen to lofty altitudes despite their . weak­ness, but unto what additional heights could they have attained had they been endowed with physical strength ! So important The University Record has this quality been considered that expensive means have been introduced for its development. It cannot be . compared with the intellectual and the moral q"Ualities, but it is singularly valuable'. . Some have sought physical strength as an end in itself. In this they have erred. Sooner or later it must be laid aside. The spirit of mai:i is only a tenant, and it must vacate its habitation. Physical strength is not so important a factor in the industrial world as it was a few years ago. The introduction of machinery has thrust it into the background. Arms and fingers stronger and more accurate than those of men perform the la­borious tasks. Steel has supplanted flesh and blood'. In a few spheres, however, it is still an important factor, and it will be valued as long as man's sojourn upon the earth continues. But the pillar of physical strength is not complete in itself. Like Boaz and J achin, it needs a lily work to complete it. One may attain unto the stature of an Anakim; possess the strength of an Em­peror Maximus, who could uproot small trees with his hands; en­dure like the Tartars, who could eat, drink, and sleep on horse­back; run as swiftly as Ahimaaz of Holy Writ; speed an arrow from the bow as unerringly as the Emperor Commodus; and hunt as successfully as Nimrod of antediluvian fame; but if gentleness is lacking, the pillar is incomplete. 2. Humor · Humor is one of the pillarR of a symmetrical life. It has been defined as that quality of the imagination which gives to ideas an incongruous or fantastic turn and tends to excite laughter and mirth. But however it may be defined, the thing itself is as familiar as the sky above. Man has been termed the humorous animal. Ile of all the animals upon the planet has been endowed with the power of producing and appreciating humor. Opinions have differed as to the value of humor in human life. One refers · to it as a means of grace. Another terms it the spice of conversa­tion. Still another considers it an aid to digestion and a promoter of health. On the other hand, there are those who ignore or mini­mize its influence. Attila maintained an unbroken gravity amid the mirth of his feasts. Carlyle's Teufelsdrockh was only known to have laughed once. Chesterfield warns his sons against laughter. Alumni Address But regardless of the praise or censure, humor plays an important part within the circle of the human family. In conversation, art, and literature, it will probably continue to make itself evident until the end of time. · There are various qualities of humor. In this it resembles mer­ chandise. The pillar of humor is not complete apart from the lily work. One may be a dungeon of wit like Dr. Samuel Johnson; he may have a rhinocerotic laugh, or he may laugh quietly and gently like our Senators at Washington; but the humor he invents as well as that which he recognizes should be characterized by chastity. Tt should be such as can be told in the presence of women and chil­dren without transforming the complexion from alabastrine to 111by. We do not condemn a friendly and faithful hound for expressing his affection by planting his miry paw upon our immaculate shirt bosom. He is ignorant of the nature of his act, and the polluted linen can be restored to purity imd whiteness. But he who know­ingly plants the miry paw of an unchaste humor upon the spotless fabric of the mind, where the imprint will remain forever and re­veal itself to the world in an unguarded moment, is guilty of a crune. 3. Education Education i~ the third of life's pillars. The term signifies to lead forth or to bring up. True education seeks the accomplish­ment of two ends. The first is that of mental discipline. The sec­ond is that of imparting facts. The former is considered the more i~portant of the two. Few persons question the value of education. Here and there the voice of prejudice and ·ignorance is heard in condemnation, but the world is deaf to its protest. The modern slogan everywhere is an adequate education for the masses and an advanced training for all who desire it. The benefits of education are numerous and above computation. It enfranchises its posses­sor, it affords an exquisite pleasure, it ministers to temporal success-; · it discloses the past and lifts the veil of the future. Indeed, it makes one increasingly like his Maker. · The prime requisites for securing this invaluable acquisition are natural endowment and burning desire. The school is the ideal place in which to secure an education, but many eminent individuals have sought independently in the fields The University Record of reading, travel, conversation and experience for mental l".iches, and their search has been rewarded. No one ever completes his edu­cation. He cannot do so until he has comprehended the mysteries of the universe. It is customary, notwithstanding, to graduate suc­cessful students from the schools. To many this exercUie marks the conclusion of mental effort. To the few it signifies the com­mencement of a life-long search for truth. Graduation is perhaps the most eventful occasion in the student's life. Matriculation is impressive but it is not so much so as graduation. The completion of the course of study; the laying aside of text books; the more o~ less rigid examinations; the arrival of distinguished visitors; the delivery of orations; the conferring of diplomas or degreeil; and the parting from friends and school, all make impressions that continue with liS until the hom of death. To abolish the graduation exercises would be to rob school life of one of its prime attractions. No one would suggest such a radi­cal departure. And yet this custom so indissolubly connected with scholastic life has its dangers. 'l'he hour of graduation is one of temptation to the student. He has taken advantage of his appor­tunities and he has scaled the heights of learning. All have not enjoyed such opportunities and privileges. The joy that arises in his breast at this hour is due in a measure to his having arisen above others. If all men stood by his side on the intellectual mount, his happiness would be lessened. The temptation is to become ego­tistic. If he succumbs to the temptation, it reveals itself in bearing, facial expression, voice, speech, and action. He forgets that his original endowments, early environment, superior opportunities, restless and conquering ambition have been bestowed upon him. He does not consider that he was not consulted as to the age, land, or family of his birth. And he perhaps does not take into consid­eration that much of his knowledge is incomplete and imperfect, and that some day much of it may have to be recast. Compared with lower humanity he is educated. Placed side by side with his Maker he is ignorant. Education is one of the strongest pillars of life. And yet it is imperfect. It, like the other!", needs a lily work in order to its completion. One may have graduated from Oxford, the ::;chool for gentlemen; he may have received the title of "Wonderlul Doctor," as did Roger Bacon from his contemporaries; he may have the Alumni Address memory of a Macaulay, and, like the Emperor Julian, be able to listen_, write, and dictate at one and the same time; he may, like Athanasius, understand the language of the crows, and, like Prometheus, one of the Titans, make men out of clay and steal fire from heaven and give them life; indeed, he may be the Sirius or Dog Star of the intellectual world, and have his erudition proved by an attempt upon his life; but his pillar of education is incom­plete unless upon its capital can be traced the lily work of humility. This humility is a consciousness of not having attained. As the ancient Jews strove after the title of Rabbi, so many today seek the name of Doctor. But to be proud of learning is the greatest ignorance in the world. ­ 4. Truth Pilate asked Jesus of Galilee the question, "What is truth?" Jesus maintained an unbroken silence and the question was not answered. We wish that he had given the Roman Officer an answer to his query. But our wish is in vain. Men are still asking and endeavoring to answer this selfsame question. It has been defined as conformity to fact or reality. But what is fact or reality? It is ·probable that no satisfactory definition has yet been formulated. Yet ali men in·the general and practical affairs of life recognize truth. There is, it jg true, an intermediate ground between truth .and falsity where men become confused and where opinions differ. were all untruthfulness confined to this indeterminate sphere, the world would be more advanced than we find it at the present time. The sin of the world is not the inability to distinguish truth, but the unwillingness to accept it when recognized. It is well-nigh impossible to overestimate the value of truth. . It is the distinguish­ing characteristic of God. Without it God would not be God. Among men it is of incalculable v~lue. It underlies all satis­factory intercourse between nations. It is the safeguard of nations. Without it the political, commercial, social, domestic, and private life of people would be exceedingly unsatisfactory. Lying is one of the most hopeless forms of vice. Some have termed it the most hopeless. At any rate,we are told that the gates of the Celestial City are forever ba:p:ed against him who prostitutes the truth. Truth is one of the most essential pillars of life. In it .is great Btrength. But it is incoinplete. It is possible for one to consider truth as the noble.st of virtues, as did the ancient Germans ; or to The University Record be filled with a high e~timate of its importance, as was Socrates; or to have been trained to tell the truth from seven years of age up, as were the Persians; or to deliver oaths as implacable as Han­nibal's; or to permit his breasts to be torn off rather than utter an untruth, as did Simplicius of Sicily; but his pillar of truth is incomplete without the lily work of charity or regard for others' feelings. One may commit homicide with the tongue or pen that has been dipped in the liquid of pure truth. There is no law that makes it a crime, but it is hoinicide nothwithstanding. Who has not heard some candid one say, "Excuse me, but I must speak my mind"? And who has not been injured by such speaking of the mind? 5. Justice Justice is the fifth pillar. It is among the indispensable ones. The root meaning of the word is; to do that which is fitting. It is as difficult to define justice as it is to define truth. Webster defines it as "Conformity to the principles of righteousness and rectitude in all things." But here we may ask, what are the principles of righteousness and rectitude? The administration of justice is a most delicate task. This is true in private as well as in public ljfe. And yet a knowledge of justice, apart from the more ~ompli­cated situations of life, is possessed by most men. · Justice has many able and enthusiastic champions. Webster claims that it is the highest interest of man upon the earth. One has termed it the greatest of all virtues. Another has assigned 't0 it Truth for a handmaid; Freedom for its child; Safety for its follower; and Vic­tory for its achieven1ent. But while justice has had its defenders, it · has also had its critics. It has been referred to as a noble fancy. One brands indiscriminate and indiscreet jmstice as the last tempta~ tion of a virtuous mind. Another speaks Of justice as the fear ()f suffering injustice. But however it may be eulogized or maligned1 it remains the great standing policy of civil society. It wields a . potent influence in every sphere of life. It makes for good govern­ment and happiness. "It becomes the monarch better than his crown." It adds dignity to the private citizen. But justice, like the other pillars, is not complete. It needs its lily work. One may be as just as the Court of King Arthur that condemned Queen Guinevere to be burnt for crime; he· may be as · just as Virgo, the goddess of justice, or Rhadama.nthus, one of the three judges of the 107 Alumni A.ddress infernal regions, noted for pis strict and impartial justice; but his pillar of justice is incomplete without the lily work of mercy. :M:ercy, it is said, often inflicts death and murders, pardoning those · · who kill. But one cannot be just who is not humane. No less a person that Theodosius, while admitting justice to be the most im­portant duty, testifies that mercy is the most exquisite pleasure. In England the King promises to couple mercy with justice. The "Book of Books tells us that God's mercy endureth forever. 6. Friendship_ Friendship is not least among the pillats. The word signifies to love. It is an attachment between persons. :M:any appropriate and beautiful tributes have been paid to it. It has been called love without the music and the flowers; the cordial drop to make the nauseous draught of life go down, and also the wine of life. But it has not escaped questioning. Alcibiades refused to trust his friends in Athens, and affirmed that he would not trust his mother in matters of life and death. It is claimed that there is little true friendship in the world and that such as does exist flees out of the path of the poor man. The critics are in error. There is friend­ship, as close as the tree and viue or as oxygen and hydrogen in water, among men. A prominent writer has said, "He promises himself too much who, entering into life, expects to find many · friends." If one makes one friend in a lifetime, he is fortunate. In this world of disappointment and bereavement, friendships are nee_ded. In eveiy stage and sphere of life, they prove their worth. Friendship aided the United States in the struggle for indepen­-Oence. While Washington fought the battles, Franklin formed the friendships. The :firmest friendships appear to be formed during the period of :adolescence. There are exceptions to this rule, however. Many of them are forced by caprice and chance, rather than because of prin­-. kinds of friendship in the world: one is called friendship of the court, and the other friendship unto the altar. The former is un­certain and does not deserve the . name of friendship: The latter is constant and represen~s what friendship should be. Washington once said, "Actions and not words· are the true criteria of friend­ship~" Tennyson tells us how Sir Bedivere, attracted by the jewels fo the handle of Excalibur, deceived his friend King Arthur in the hour of his death. His friendship lacked the lily work of which we are speaking. 7. Love Love is perhaps the most attractive of all the pillars. Like. truth, it has escaped analysis. But the lerm as well as the thing it repre­sents is familiar throughout the whole world. In the absence of a definition, we might say that true love is God endeavoring to mani­fest himself through his creatures. l.K>ve is of various kinds. The most common of these are the maternal, paternal, fraternal, filial, and conjugal. All of these, it may be, are the offshoots of th.e same root. The critics have not spared love. One writer speaks of it as the tyrant of men. Another calls it the child of folly. The Stoics treated it as a disease. Napoloon claims that the passion is in­jurious to humanity and fatal to individual happiness. "How great an ill to man is love," is the exclamation of a leading thinker of his time. But despite this criticism and depreciation; love con­tinues to be the everlasting topic and the passion that exerts the widest influence. It is among the valued things of this world. Drummond speaks of it as the greatest thing in the world. It is the bulwark of the nation. It insures. the perpetuity of the race. It makes the home what it is. In every drama performed upon the stage of human life it has played a leading part. And yet love is incomplete. It needs a lily work to bring it to perfection. One's love may prompt him to leap into a den of con­tending beasts like the Knight of Delorges upon the invitation of Cunigonde; it may lead him to swim the Hellespont, as did Le­ander to meet Hero ; it may influence him to drink a love potion,. as did Sir Tristram and _La Beale, and become as constant in his · love as was Petrarch to his Laura ; and his love may be as abiding· as that existing between Launcelot and Guinevere: but if the lily: 109 Alumni A.ddress -work of unselfishness does not discover itself upon the capital the pillar is incomplete. Much .love does not deserve the name. It is selfishness. · It is a pseudo-love that destroys its objects when it passes into the possession of another. A false love that turns · to hate when personal gratification is denied. Jean Valj ean tested the completeness of his love :for Cosette in that all-night struggle so graphically portrayed by Victor. Hugo. At dawn he won the victory. It broke his heart to give Cosette to Marius, but he did it. His pillar o:f love was marked with the lily work of unselfishness. 8. Benevolence Benevolence is anot_her important pillar. Its name means, "I wish well." It is :found wherever the human family has pitched its ·tents or built its cities. All men have become familiar with benevolence by its exercise, or by becoming recipients of its benefits or by observing its operations. It manifests itself in the erection of hospitals, orphanages, and asylums; in the establishment of lodging and eating houses and dispensaries :for the indigent; in dispensmg private charity and public benefactions. The gamut of . benevolence extends from the gift of the widow's mite · to the princely largess of the millionaire. It finds its highest manifesta­tion in the gift of life for the amelioration of human woes. Dr. Samuel Johnson affirms that it is impossible for men to exercise pure benevolence. His meaning is that the motives will be inixed. Motives strike their roots so deeply into the secret soil of life that it is difficult and well-nigh impossible to trace them. Dr. Johnson may be correct, or he may be in error. But admitting that what men term benevole:p.ce has an existence, we cannot ascribe to it perfection. It is a strong pillar, but it is incomplete. It needs a lily work upon its capital. A benevolent . spirit may, like Titus, cut o:fi his hand to ransom his sons; or lay down his life for another, as did Sidney Carton to save Darnley. He may rival the bird o:f tradition that plucked a thorn :from the Savior's crown, and deserve at his death the red roses that custom lays upon the graves of the benevolent in the British Isles; but unless·thtJ lily work o:f modesty .crowns the pillar, it remains for­ever incomplete. He.who gives for fame or glory has his reward. It is the praise of human-kind. Strictly speaking, he does not give. He enters the mart of public opinion and purchases· praise with The University Record his gold. Many, perhaps unconsciously, commit this error. In the story of the Holy Grail a silver· trumpet awakens the chaste nun and apprises her of the approach of the Lord's Cup along its path­way of silvery light. Not a few would have an alarm sounded in advance of their deeds of benevolence. Pope says, "He who builds a church to God will never mark it with his name." And Sweden­borg telli; us that the angels of heaven refuse all praise for worthy aeeds performed. . 9. Patriotism Patriotism is one of the greatest among the pillars. A simple definition of this term is, ''Love of coUI).try." Patriotism is dif­fused throughout the whole world. Scott asks the question, "Breathes there the man with soul so dead Who never to himself hath said This is my own, my native land?" He asks it without expecting a negative answer. Few men lack this quality. Patriotism is based on differences of ancestry, tra­dition, language, and religion. It discovers itself in the conversa­tion, literature, and common life of the people. In its dormancy it is scarcely observable, but whe~ it is aroused by aggression or insult,. it becomes the fiercest and most formidable of human pas­sions. The generality of mankind has ever looked upon patriot­ism as a virtue elevated above reproach. But some have dared to call its importance and value into questiop.. It has been called "The gilded halo that hovers around decay," and "the last refuge of a scoundrel." It is claimed that it is derived from a strong sense of one's own interest and that each one views a great political event in the light of his own selfish and particular interest. The sol­.dier's courage, it is said, is the cheapest and the most common quality of human nature. A forward writer has spoken of it as · the love of advancement and emolument. But it is stronger than .love or friendship, and may truly be said to be the strongest of the passions. If we admit that there is a pure and unadulterated patriotism, we can not claim for it completeness or perfection. It needs a lily work upon its capital to bring it to its finished state. The state may mean more to an individual than it did to the Greeks 111 Alumni Address who attributed to it a religious significance; the love of country may prompt this individual to build a wall around the land, as did Che Wang Te; or lay down his life to save the national life, as did the Spartans for whom a tumulus was reared at Thermopylae; and to deserve the title of "Deliverer," as did Stilicho, who twice saved Italy in her trying hours; but if the lily work of altruism is not found upon the pillar of his patriotism, it remains unfinished. Altruism is that love of human kind that rises above mountain bar­riers, obliterates artificial national boundaries, and crosses oceans. It is that love that sees in every human being a creature of the Most High and a member of the same family. It is that love that sympathizes with the unfortunate everywhere and extends a help­ing hand to the downtrodden and oppressed because they are men rather than because they are countrymen. Altruism is love of country plus love for the whole world. 10. Independence Independence is in a sense an exceedingly important pillar. It is to the other pillars what the keystone is to the arch. It makes all of the others stronger and more effective. The term inde-. pendence is a most common one at the present time. It glows upon the pages of our papers and books, it falls from the lips of !lll classes of people, it is being translated into every language, it is becoming . popular among the masses. The people of the earth are awaking from their age-long lethargy. They are becoming aware of their rights and of their latent powers. The yoke they have worn is chafing them. Independence is in the atmosphere; it has become their watchword. This spirit when thoroughly awakened is invincible. What course it will take when fully aroused no one can prophesy. Perhaps thrones will totter to their fall and scepters fall from royal :fingers. It may be that new and changed states will rise upon the ruins of old and ancient ones. The spirit of independence has not been an unmixed evil. It has been responsible for helpful revolutions. It has fearlessly ex­amined the inheritances of the past and corrected hurtful errors. . It has boldly entered upon new paths and made discoveries and in­ventions invaluable to the world. No valid objection can be l'aised against aright manifestation of this spirit of independencei The University Record Every man has been endowed with an intellect, and He who made the endowment expects each one to exercise his gift. Had Hem~ tended otherwise the leaders only would have been given tM power of independent thought. The people today are unlike the Jews of old, who said to David, "Thou art worth ten thousand of us.'' They are like the boatman who said while ferrying a noble person across a dangerous stream, "There is no one on board of whom I think more than I do myself." Like the Third Estate of France, the people are clamoring to become something. The ancient ori­ental governments were despotic ; the ruler .was everything; the people were nothing. A Roman slave cou.ld not aspire to -the seat of a Senator, while Caligula dared to make his horse a consul. Independence is a strong pillar. Its strength is growing. .But it is not complete. It needs a lily work upon its capital to bring it to perfection. One may be possessed with eleutheroinania. a mad thirst for freedom; he may have the fires of the French Revolution burning within his breast; he may, like Zebek Dorchi, who led the Tartars, a simple people, into the wilderness, lead men to their rights : but unless the lily work of consideration appears upon the capital of the pillar, it remains incomplete. Freedom h~s been used as a synonym for independence. Voltafre says, "If a man is born free, he ought to govern himself." But it was never held that a citizen of the United States could do as he pleased. His freedom is bounded by his neighbor's rights. Earth is too circum­scribed for absolute independence among men. Consideration .for ·the feelings and rights of others is the . complement of Jnde~ pendence. Ambition In considering the pillars of life and the lily work necessary to bring them to perfection, we have raised a lofty standard. The one who expects to attain unto this exalted standard must be am­bitious. A brief treatment of. the subject of ambition will afford a helpful conclusion to the matter in hand. Ambition is derived from a Greek word meaning "to walk around." The word hae specific reference to the custom of candidates goilig about soliciting votes. Sallust attributes the downfall of Rome to ambition. Euri­pides calls ambition the baneful and unjust of the deities. Crom­well charges his men to fling away ambition because by it the angels Alumni Address 113 fell. But these critics are referring to a material and a temporal ambition, to one that seeks the extrinsic rather than the intrinsic. Notwithstanding the remark of Napoleon that the desire for per­fection is the worst disease that ever afflicted tlie human mind, we have no apology for the lofty standard held up in the foregoing pages. The goal toward which the character builder is striving is frequently portrayed as something above and beyond. There may be no harm in this figure, but it is not true to fact. The goal is not above. and beyond, but within. It is the enlargement and development of the spiritual entity that is destined to survive the sh<>ck of death that co~stitutes pJ:ogress. He who determines to achieve greatness in. this sphere must make this his sole ambition. He may give due attention to material things, but the chief longing must be for improvement within. Cresar, we are told, was dom­inated by a threefold ambition. This triple ambition was Love of pleasure, 'l'hirst for knowledge, and Consuming desire for glory. In the realm of which we are speaking there are no triple am­bitions. If one is ambitious at all, his ambition should be exalted. The Tyrians loved wealth and despised conquest. They are al­most forgotten. Young writes, "He builds too low who builds be-. low the sky." No man can attain unto the ideal who lacks the con­suming desire. He must have a '?ecret call like the buffaloes and locusts who rush madly across country to the salt licks. He must pray to his God, like Socrates, who said, "0 beloved Pan, grant me to become beautiful in the inner man." We have said that the realization of the idea1 does not consist in a change of location, but in a change of condition. But for the purposes that will· justify it, let us use the :figure of a journey or a pilgrimage. The way over which the seeker for perfection must !travel leads upward, never downward. It is frequently rough and indistinct. He who travels this way must be subjected to a measure of isolation, for the throngs do not move upward. The companionships are sufficient, however, and they make up in their attractivenetts what they lack in numbers. The struggling soul it beset by numerous temptations. Siren voices, musical and ravish­ing, call to ways that are delightful and more easily traveled. The progress is slow and at times indistinguishable. The baser self suggests a relaxation of effort. But the prospect grows increas­ingly brighter, the miasmas of the valley are less perceptible. The The University Record atmosphere becomes clearer and the sunlight wanner and brighter. Landscapes discover themselves to the anointed vision. Like Chris~ tian in Bunyan's allegory, the ambitious one sees the Beulah Land of his dreams far off in the vanishing distance. The soul is im­pressed with the certainty of ultimate success. He feels, like Petrarch, who was early impressed with the thought that he would come to honor, that the ideal will be realized. The satisfaction is superior to any other. There is neither regret nor remorse. Gell~ mer, the Vandal King, marching in the triumph of Belisarius, kept repeating the words, "Vanity, Vanity, All is vanity." In this quest no advantage c:in be gailled by resorting to for­bidden means. An Ephesian fired the temple of Diana for glory; Macbeth killed Duncan to secure his crown; Empedoclcs threw himself into flaming Aetna to impress the people that he was a god. The hands of the ambitious one may be and must be clean. The ideal will never be attained. The soul in its essence is capable of infinite development and the attainment of the ideal would mean stagnation. The knowing ones are grateful that the ideal may never be reached. The effort to improve is the chief pleasure of life. Deprived of this, man would lose much, if not all, of his happiness. And yet, although man cannot attain unto his ultimate ideal, he can attain tomorrow unto the ideal of today. However con­tradictory it may sound, man is constantly attaining unto his ideal, his present ideal, while he may never fully attain unto his ultimate ideal. There lurk's in every human breast a desire for earthly dis­tinction. But only the few glimpse the glories of a perfect char­acter and pant for its possession. History is concerned with but :fifteen civilized nations. All of the others are deserving of a brief and passing notice only. So it is among individuals. Ambition is the golden fleece of the elect. It goes before them like the holy, inextinguishable fire upon the golden altar borne before Cresar, It leads them ever onward and upward. The dust of Alexander the Great has been spread abroad by the agency of the wind. His sarcophagus is displayed to the eyes of. the curious and vulgar in a museum. So earthly ambitions end in ruin. But he who is ambitious for the spiritual and the eternal will enjoy the fruits of his efforts forever. 115 Al'tf,mni Address "Still I must climb if I would refit; The bird soars upward to its nest; The young leaf on the treetop high Cradles itself against the sky. "I cannot in the valley stay; The great horizons stretch away; The very cliffs that wall ;me round Are ladders unto higher ground. "And heaven draws near as I ascend; The. breeze invites, the stars befriend; All things are beckoning to the best, I climb, I rise, I cry, The Quest." The University Record COMMENCEMENT ADDRESS* BY THE HON. CECIL H. SMITH, LL. B., OF SHERMAN Mr. President, Ladies, Gentlemen, Young Men and Maidens: And allow me to say by way of parenthesis that on this occa­sion the maidens, like old mother Eve, are an afterthought. When I yielded to the temptation to torture you young people, though you had never wronged me, I was under the impression that I should address the young men of the University. The fact is I had forgotten there was ever such a thing as a co-educational in­stitution. Thinking to address the young men, and bearing in mind that many a time and oft in my youth wise men had come from afar at commencement time and harangued my ears and harrowed my soul with long-winded advice, and consumed valuable time in oratorical flights, generally beginning, "Morituri Salutamus !" (though I never noticed that the imminence of death deterred them from thumb-screw and torhue-ch~mber methods), then and there I registered a vow that if ever Providence should elevate me to the dizzy height of "Commencement Orator," I would get even. This is · the first chance I have ever had. Come to think of it, maybe that's what those old fellows were doing-getting even. But to make a long story short, I merely want to say that, thinking to address young men, I cheerfully consented to be Lord High Executioner, and pay my debt to posterity; but wild horges could never have tom from me an acceptance had I known that fair young maidens would have been dragged at my chariot wheels ! To them I most humbly apologize. Right here I want to ask you young men if you really can study with these angels in the same institution with you? When T re­call what back-breaking work it was for me to stagger up the hill of knowledge with the eternal feminine pulling at my coat-tails every Saturday night, I just can't comprehend you;r immunity, . though the Bible does say men will grow weak and wiser--or per­haps they may have invented some kind of culture with which to *The Annual Address before the Graduating Classes, .lune 14, 1910. Commencement .Address llf inoculate the young men of this generation. Certain I am that the University of Texas must distribute double doses to her young men to enable them to withstand the charms I see before me. Not unm:i:bdful that in the shadowy past, with chest protrud­ ing, anointed with the wisdom of democracy, cover~ with the· halo of statesmanship (selected doubtless because I possessed the ap­ propriate facial lineaments), I once stood in yon legislative halls as the exponent and representative of the plain people, I can with candor say I prize this opportunity beyond all other honors that have come to me. In a way, speech-making has been my trade; I have made all kinds of speeches : welcome addresses, valedictories, mothers' club speeches, funeral orations. Non!'l of them, not even the funeral orations, ever gave me the undiluted joy of this address to the students of the University of Texas. I don't know why I say address, for when invited by your distinguished President, he stipu­lated that I should simply give you one of my little heart-to-heart talks, interspersed with pearls. of wisdom and punctuated with gems of wit. How I won any reputation as a wit I don't know unless I just look funny-something I can in no wise help. Be · that as it may, nothing more handicaps a man than such a reputa­ tion and no power to m.ake good. I can sympathize with the son who, in a vain attempt to gettle a lawsuit over his father's estate, sadly said, "Do you know, some­ times I'm almost sorry Pa died." Sometimes I regret that I ever tried to amusE!. Time was when a man could string a few jokes together and be funny at his dead ease, but now with the Saturday Evening Post and Ladies' Home Journal resurrecting jokes hoary with age and so bald they need a hafr tonic (hoary and bald don't seem to go together, do they?), it takes a brave man to t!pring a joke on anybody. "~ea, I read that in the Post or Journal" has almost citred me of story-telling; my occupation's gone .. Well, what shall we talk about? Shall I hand out a little whole­ soml'. advice? It is a commodity I dote on dispensing. Or shall I act as Class Prophet (another thing we never had in my days), and draw aside the veil of futurity and show you the prizes that hang in Fate's ~torehouse of rewards for each and every one of you? Not· being a seventh son; I may not attempt that. I once knew a de-· The University Record vout old darky who called her daughter "Iwilla." On being . asked as to where she found such an unusual name, she replied with evi­dent pride, "Her full name is I will arise and go to my God, but we call her I willa for short." Not possessing this discriminating taste• as to names, this talk shall be nameless; so . "How the subject theme may gang, Let time and chance determine, Perhaps it may turn out a sang, Perhaps turn out a sermon." · When I look into your eager, hopeful, pure, young eyes, T am appalled ! ''What came you out to see, a reed shaken by the wind?'' Ah I in truth a very reed, shaking and quaking too at my own temerity. I sometimes think our customs should be reversed and at certain favored times age should sit at the feet of youth and learn true wisdom. Forget for a time the miserable compromises of life, and see not as in a glass darkly, but with the clear eyes of youth. In such moments, "Though inland far we be, Our souls have sight of that immortal sea Which brought us hither, Can in a moment travel thither And see the children sport upon the shore, And hear the mighty waters rolling evermore." Such experiences would mean far more to manhood than the cut-and-dried advice of age to youth; for I hold that "The true age of wisdom is when We are boys and girls and not women and men." And so, knowing your blessedness, young people prize the pres-. ent. Stand still for one moment and be glad, and say to-day I am wise, and rich, and happy ! I bid you clasp close your hands around to-day and realize that all the gifts that count are yours­youth and health and hope and sunshine and friends and fresh air and June time; I).ot to-morrow nor the day after to-morrow, but to-day you are bleat. I well know that your eager eyes are longingly fixed on some bright goal in the future; but, young men, in all probability you will never be· President, and when Davidson and Poindexter and Johnson and Colquitt and Cunyus get through with the Governor's mansion, you will he too old and t.oo tired to want even that; but you are now to-day far more than President -0r Governor; you are young, you are citizens of the best age, ·and of the best country, and of the best state in the whole wide world. The Greeks had a beautiful conception of life, which they pic­tured as a thatched house in which the child is born, and under thP roof of which his nature grows and expands, the house grow-: ing more and more fragile, until at last it sinks crumbling to the ground, and the man stands erect in God's everlasting sunlight, like the chambered nautilus, "leaving his outgrown shell by life's unending sea"; that were life indeed, not a "having and a resting, but a growing and becoming." But alas! it so falls out that ere the sun reaches its meridian, our outlook narrows, and old age oft finds us sitting in ignoble content, unmindful of the high aspira; tions of youth ; quenched the fires of enthusiasm, empty the hands, and hardened the heart. That this may not be so with you, ''Listen and swear by yonder morning star To fight and fight and fight for what you are." . Knowing so well the dangers before you, the pitfalls that .lie in wait for you, and the miseries that may ·encompass you, I am emboldened to speak thus: first, hold fast to your integrity. 'fTill I die I will not remove mine integrity from me," said the.Patriarch of old, and I know of no more inspiring watchword for the young men of to-day. . In this material age when greed and bribery, fraud and rotten­ness, stalk unashamed, and money grows on trees, a man of integ­rity is like the shadow of a great rock in a weary land. Build your character on that rock, and "when the rains descend · and the floods come and the winds blow and beat upon it, it shall not fall." I have no patience with the hot-house theories of latter-day moralists who would build a fence round every boy and · man, and force them to be good, and then forsooth call that goodness virtue. Such means, in my judgment, produce mollycoddles, not men. 'Twas not thus God meant man to grow in grace and rise on step­ping stones of his dead self to higher things. By all means build the fence; but build it on the inside, not on the outside. Build it in The University Record the tender heart of the child; make strong every outpost with Christian training; guard the gates with mothers' prayers and admonitions, but when in the fullness of time he comes to man­hood, for God's sake, let him stand alone and exercise that free will which his Creator gave him. I am appalled at the paternalism that would emasculate man into a ready-made angel and legislate evil out of existencs. As for me, I don't ''Want to be an angel, and with the angels stand, A crown upon my forehead, a harp within my hand." Rather let me take my place with those battle-scarred con-. querors who have overcome, covered with sweat and dust, their armour hacked by many a fell stroke; they represent the best thei:e is in humarity. Next to that integrity which is the keystone of every manly character, I would impress on you young gentlemen the necessity of cultivating a broad and tolerant spirit. Use your reason; cast aside your swaddling clothes and be free; free from the awful slavery of the soul, beside which bodily serfdom sinks into insignifi­cance; free from manacles forged by the narrow-minded preju­dice of the "unco good and rigidly righteous." Blot from the pages of history all the foul deeds wrought by prejudice, and the blood­iest record of every nation would be wiped away. It dims the eye, distorts the judgment, and withers the heart. Young men, be not the willing slaves of prejudice, religious, political, sectional,' or social. Stick to the faith of your fathers, if it suits you; stay with the old political ship of Zion that brought them from out the house of bondage, if it suits you; but give to every other man the same privilege, and don't judge him by such externals. Catholic or Protestant, ·Jew or Gentile, anti or pro, rich or poor, high or low, what'a the odds? "A man's a man for a' that." Experience bids me declare that men are as often moved by the narrowest prejudice as by the most convincing reason. In politics, the church to which a candidate belongs, the party with which his father was affiliated, thf: vote he cast for a man in years gone by, or the man ;whose cause he espouses for some high office, outweighs the un­sullied character and splendid fitness of his opponent. Commencement. Address . How often in the temples of justice considerations of the pov­erty or widowhood of 11: plaintiff as against the wealth, or corporate character, or foreigri residence of a defendant, even in our own fair state, control the courts and juries, in the face of evidence as strong us Holy Writ. I long for a race of. broad and tolerant men, men who prove all things and follow the kindly light of reason; men who, broad in their views and kind in their judgment, see both sides of a question !ind give even the Devil his due . . Standing at the turnstyle to active lives, young men, boundless are your opportunities ; neglect none of them. "To catch Dame Fortune's golden smile, Assiduous wait upon her, A.Ild gather gear by every wile That's justified by honor." But in your efforts to make a living, . forget not to make a life; remember the night cometh when no man can work; and in the twilight, may there be no angel of your dead self to question sadly, what have you done with the spirit? I am not pessimistic as to the destiny of the race, I know "Some One's runnfog this concern .That's got nothing else to learn." And in his good time our failures and mistakes and pitiful com­promises will give place to better· thingB. "God's plans, like lilies pure and white, unfold; We must not tear the close-shnt leaves apart; Time will reveal their calyxes of gold." Since my boyhood the changes. !iave been phenomenal. More comforts, more luxuries, more progress, better understanding, bet­ter feeling, better health-but can we say better men and women? Never ! this old world never saw better men and women than came from the old log school house, with its blue-back spellers and dog­eared McGuffy's readers. I sometimes wonder what the lack is in our magnificent educational system, which I do not, I hope, under­estimate; but that there is a lack, our ablest educators and most thoughtful men agree. The old system that taught the three "R's" --Readin', 'Ritin', and 'Rithmetic"-but taught them well, was_, The University Record in some r.:ispects, superior. Did you ever hear of a man trained under the old regime that couldn't spell? Nowadays we have a theory to cover every failure, and when our sons and daughters misspell we say, "Spellers are born, not made," and actually smile as if it were a distinction instead of a disgrace. :My young son writes home to his mother and me, "Love to you b-o-t-h-e." I don't think that this is a ·congenital deformity, but that he is the victim of modern methods. There were mighty spellers in those old days when Webster's blue-back reigned supreme. Well do I remember the old school teacher back in Georgia, tall and lean and lank, with black hair falling about his ears, high stock and piercing eyes that could see into the very soul of a boy. Daily the boys and girls were strung up in a line and were drilled in spelling according to syllable, some­what after this style: "Spell Magnanimity!" (we never experi­enced any trouble in hearing him) : and a lad or a lass would proudly respond, "m-a-g and that's a mag, n-a-n and that's a nan, al!d that's a magnan, i-m and that's an im, and that's a magnan­im, i and that's an i, and that's a magnanimi, t-y and that's a ty, and that's a magnanimity." Thus I was drilled in spelling and incidentally acquired the artistic drawl which some count my chief charm. When Mark Twain, who possessed the same peculiarity, was asked in his youth why he pulled his words out that way, he· replied, "I don't know, Mister; you'll have to ask my ma, she pulls hern too." But to get back to my youth, there was another "R" so well taught in those days that men and women went out from the academic halls with knowledge of a Book that this generation knows little of. Besides being drilled in spelling, every young man and woman had been drilled from childhood up in the Bible. . Al­most my earliest recollection iB" the memorizing of Bible verses, thought so necessary in those days. True, I wasted precious time searching for the shortest verses~ but they were soon exhausted, and_I acquired a knowledge of the Bible and a vocabulary of quo­tation that has been my most valuable asset in a material way Re­ligion wa.i the other "R" so well taught in those days. True, their system was open to objection-the long, puritanical, church-going Sundays established in me a permanent disinclination to attending church, which I have never been able to overcome; but from the bottom of my heart I am thankful for a God-fearing father and mother and a Bible-studying youth. If we can believe the magazines (though I never do, they make me too nnoomfortable), Godless university students are the rule. As for me, I know no more pitiful sight than a young man "embarking alone in the night beneath a sky no longer lit by the consoling beacons of ancient faith ;" shipwreck will surely come, and education that contributes to such calamitous results is sadly lacking. My heart goes out to that fine old Texas gentleman who, bring­ing his almost incorrigible son; who had been relieved from duty at many schools, to a Texas college, was asked what course he pre­ferred him to pursue, classical or commercial, replied, "Just learn him 'Rithmetic and the Ten Commandments, and I'll be satis­fied." The men of my generation have not all turned out saints, but still in time of temptation we have had memories, mighty in their power to save; memories of a-sainted mother softly singing: "He'll comfort thee, help thee, And cause thee to stand, Upheld by his.gracious omnipotent hand. Fear not, I am with thee, Oh, be not afraid, For I am thy God And will still give thee aid." And do you know, dear young ladies and gentlemen of this University, I think that children who fail to hear such songs from mothers' lips miss their richest inheritance. And now, my dear young ladies, a word to you and I am done. First, let me assure you thnt befog a mere man with all a man's meekness, I am ready to acknowledge that the Twentieth Century is yo'IJ;r age. (Being a woman, of course you won't admit that.) I see the handwriting on the wall, and can read writing well enough to -know that it means your complete emancipation. Really, women have always ruled the roost, but since they have determined to take the whole barn..:yard under their gentle wing, man must needs "lay low'' and' let the midnight hours unchronicled go. But, dear young ladies, ere you appropriate our palladiums into suffragette petti­ The Un.ivers_ity Record coats, let me entreat you to be easy on us when you come into your own. Try to conceal your evident superiority. In our mad rush for money to enable us to commit matrimony, we could not culti­vate culture, and that l'ere de l'ere manner which is the chief characteristic of our consorts. Don't expect too much. Mere .men of the marketplace can't furnish touring cars and electrics and summer homes and artistic creations in clothes and at the same time be literary and know the last word on art. Time was when the met got the education and the women got the men, a kind of vicarious education, but times are changed. The wheel has come full circle, and we should be thankful that we still have a place in the economy of nature, and for the present must be tOlerated. Seriously, my dear yound ladies, I thank God the shrieking suffragette is not yet abroad in our fair Southland. Not yet! May she never cross Dixie's border. I have noticed that those who prate most about their rights, first forget their duties. Mri;. Hum­phrey Ward, in illustrating her belief that the home circle and not the polling booth is the true feminine sphere of influence, tells of an aged Scot who informed his minister that he was going to make a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, "a~d whiles theer," said the intending pilgrim, "I'll read the Ten Commandments aloud on Mt. Sinai. " "Take my advice,'' said the preacher, ''bide at home and keep them." And so i say to you, young ladies, bide at home---"to stay at home is best, home-keeping hearts are happiest." In your zeal for knowledge delve deep, soar high, seek and find, but at the end of your quest know that the greatest thing in this world is to be the mother of men. You are the salt of the earth. Sec that the salt doth not lose itt: savor. Everything depends on ~'OU. That these young men hold fast to their integrity-that they cherish the noble aspirations of youth; that they walk steadfastly, they and their sons and-their son's rons to the remotest generation, for you are their keepers. Your hands may not cast the fluttering ballot of suffrage so much sought for these days; but ah ! in those little white hands lies the destiny of the race, the race that will be saved by women, but only as mothers. Your motherhood i:> your Magna Charta: When I think of your high calling and the rights· that God gave you, I am moved to say with the poet: "Oh wasteful woman, she who may On her own self set her own price, -Knowing man cannot choose but pay, How she has cheapened paradise And given fen: naught her priceless gift! How spoiled the bread and spilled the wine Which, spent with due respective thrift, Had made brutes men and men divine." In conclusion, young ladies and gentlemen, I wish you every good gift, health, wealth, and Jong life and prosperity. In plough­man phrase, "God give you speed still daily to grow wiser, and may you better reek the reed than ere did the adviser." The U niversi~y Record 'l'HE UNIVERSITY GENERAL NOTES March 21: Spring Term classes .begin. President S. P. Brooks, of Baylor University, delivers a.n address on "The International Peace Move­ment." Calendar of the spring Term March 25: Tex.as plays Austin .College, 2 to 3. At Austin March 26: Texas plays Austin College, 3 to 2. March '30: E. ·C. Mercer addresses the Y. M. C. A. April 2: Inter-class track-meet won by Sophomores. Wilmot Decla­mation Conte.st. R. C. Hill, of Dallas, winning. April 7: Texas plays Texas Medicals, 3 to 2 . .April 8 : Tex.as plays Texas Medicals, 4 to 4. April 9: Robert B. Webb, Sophomore Engineer, dies. April 14 : ·.rexas plays St. Edward's, 3 to 4. April.16: Track-meet between Texas aind Southwestern University won by Texas, 83! to 38~. April 19: "The Masquerader~" a play, pre8ented by the students. April 20: Texas-Louisiana di!bate won · by Texas. Phi Beta Kappa elections announCE"d. April 21: San Jacinto Day, a 'holiday. Picnic at Landa's Park. April 23: President H. L. Smith, of Davidson College, delivers Phi Beta Kappa address. Track-meet between Texas and Oklahoma won by Texas, 78 to 47. April 27: Laying ·of cornerstone of Y. M. C. A. building. April · 28: President C. R. Van Hise, of_the Uni.v:ersity of Wisconsiu, addresses the University on ''(Jonservation." April 30: Texas-Missouri debate won by Missouri. Texas-COiorado debate won by Colorado. May 2..t;: Intereollegiate tennis tournament. May 7: Texas iwins Southern track-meet at Birmingham. May 13: Violin Club concert. ·L. C. Guthrie, Freshman Engineer, die.s. May 17 : Student elections. May 18: Varsity Minstrel Show. M!ay 22: The Cactus appears. JF. May 25: Hon. :Walton Peteet, of Fort Worth, deli~ers an address be­fore th,e University. June 4: Postponed examinations and examinati~ns-.for removal of con­ditions and for advanced standing. l · >') r . June ·6-11: Spr-ing Term examinations. .. June 9: Jack Patterson, Sophomore Academ4i, drowne_d at Deep Eddy. June 10: Senior Celebration in front of Main Building; ba.nquet of Senior Lawe ia.t the· Driskill. June 11: Meeting of Regents at Austin; Annual Reception of the Christian Associations at Mrs. Kirby's. June · 12: Ba,ccalaureate Sermon. June 13: M;eeting of Alumni Association; Class-Day exercises; Alumni Address; Alumni Reception at the Woman's Building. June 14: Commencement Day: address by the Hon. C. H. Smith; con­ferring of degree's and announcement of honors and prizes. The Cata­logue appears. In the last .number of the RECORD we chronicled the loss of Professor.; Johnson and Farrington, who go, respectively, with the beginning of another year, to the University of Chicago and Co· More FacUltJ' lumbia University. It has sirice become known that L01Se1 the University is to lose several other of its teaichera with the end of the present session. Dr. Duncalf, Tutor in History, haR been called .to Bowdoin with the rank of Associate Professor; and Mr. Hamilton, also of the School of History, has accepted a call to the Uni­versity of Michigan. Instructors Worley and Hale, of the Schools of History and English, have both resigned to take up advanced studies in Columbia University. And it is also announced that Professor Austiu, of the Department of Medici:ne, wiU not return with the new year. In loving memory of her son, 'Mrs. Julia I. Oldright, of Austin, bas given to the University the sum of $10,000 to endow perpetually the 'l'he Oharles Durand Charles Durand Oldright Fellowship in Philosophy. Oldrtght Fellowship President Mezes, in a.nnouncing this gift, on Com- ID Philosophy mencement Day, said: "This action will perpetuate the memory of a gifted student of this University who was in the faith­ful and efficient discharge of his duties as Assistant in Biology when t111ken from this life in 189-6. His oharacter and ability may well · serve to inspire those who shall have the ·privilege of this Fellow9hip in year.'! to come. The first endowed fellowship to be offered the University, the Charles Durand Oldright Fellowship sets a noble example and performs one of the highest serv.ices to the cause of education by encouraging worth wedded to e'inciency." At the meeting of the Alumni Association, on June 13, the following : .j . . . resolution was passed: · "WHEREAS, The Regents o~ the University have gratefully accepted •the gilt of $10,000 from Mrs.. Julia I. Oldright to endow the Charles Durand ' . Oldright Fellowship in P·hilosophy in memory of her son, a member of the class of 1899; and The University Record WHEREAS, A portrait of Charles Durand Oldright aild a tablet, suit­ably i~cribed, are to be placed next session in the University; therefore, Resolved, That the President of this ~'\::1sooiation be directed to a.ppoint one of our number to accept with suita.ble formalities this portrait ·a_nd tablet when it is presented at an appointed time iby the representative of Mrs. Oldright." Arrangements for this presentation will be completed in the fall. Charles Durnnd Oldright was born at Austin, in 1S7~. He was eJu­cated principally at home, and was practically self-taught until he en­tered the University in 188'8. 'He distinguished .himself at the Uni:ver· sity in both literary and scientific lines. He wrote much for the Maga­zine, of which pU!blication ,he was ·Editor-in-Chief in 1893. Chemistry, Geology, and Zoology he studied with success and avidity. During the summer of 1890 he was associated with Professor R. T. Hill of the United States Gealogica.l Survey in stratigraphic field work in Texas. In June, 1893, 'he was engaiged in marine biological work wi'th a party of zoologists in the Bahamas. 'From the Bahamas, •he went to Breslau, where two friends, Fred Opp, of ·Llano, and Ed. Hill, of Galveston, ·were United States Consul and Secretary, respectively. At 'Breslau he studied two yea.rs, taking Hill',s plBJCe for a time. He then spent one semester at Munich; returning to America. in the fall of 1895. Although offered a fellowship iin the University of Cincinnati, a desire to he with his mother, w.ho was ,in failing health, led ihim to return to Austin. Profesilor Nor· man soon discovered Ms ability and appointed him· as Assistant in Biology. He and Ed. Hill, who had also returned to Texas, at this ti~e, founded the Alcalde, the first weekly ·paper published at the University. Oldright a:lso engaged actively in zoological research, but a sudden call to the beyond closed .in this world a career full of the brightest promise. He was a member of the Chi Phi fraternity, of the Rusk Literary _Society, of the Cosmos Club, and of several other college associations. Such is the brief biography of Charles D. Oldright. It fails, of course, to convey to those who did not know him any notion of those personal trait~ that made Mm vah1ed by ibis friends. It was the privilege .of the present writer to know him well. Together we_ studied geology and 'hemistry, and cheri,ghed a taste for ornithology. On long walks in Rea.rch of rare specimens we d·iscussed science and criticised poetry. His knowledge was great and hi~ views were sound. _Twenty years a.go he anticipated several of the condusions of t-he present workers on geo­graphical· di&tribution. With 1M'. B. Porter and one ''.or two others, we tried to unravel Kant with the help of_ the gifteli al),d lamented Walter Lefevre. The weekly meeting of these would,be philosophers at the house of their teacher will alway~ ·be _remembEired by the feW. who participated. Nothing ,in the universe from poetry to the princiP,les of perspecti:ve. from Empedocles to Weismann, escaped attention. . In literature he read extensively and with a catholic appreciation; wi~h youthful da~ing he wrote 011 various things in various ways. An article on the "·Wrens of Travis County" was followed by a poem on "Das irdische Ewig-Wei.b­liiche." Gifted in many ways, he was a charming companion, devoted to his friends. !JJhat ·his memory is to .be preserved by this •l)Oble action of his devoted mother is a cause for general rejoicing and a particular source of satisfaction to those old friends and class-mates who knew his true worth. H. Y. B. Three lectures have been delivered under the auspices of the Univer­ sity during the Spring 'l'erm by men of di_stinction not connected with the in.stitution. The first of these was deHvered on Mal'l('h Lectures Durtng the 21 by President S P. Brooks of Baylor University. Spring Term 0 ' on the subject of "International Peace"; the second, on Apr.il 28, by Presiqent .C. R. Van Hise, of the University of Wiscon· sin, on the subject ''!Conservation of National Resources" (the address appears elsewhere .in 'this is.sue) ; the third on May 25 iby Honorable Walton Peteet, of the Fort Worth Record, on "The Organization of Labor, or an Industrial Political Safety Yalve." There was also· a lecture on April 23 by President H. L. Smith, of Davidson .. College, who came under the auspices of the University Chapter of Phi Beta Kappa. There was no music during the Fall Term; the public fared somewhat better during the Winter and Spring Terms. Music During the With one .exception, ·tJhe music of the season was SU8lon of 1909-home-grown, and differed little from that of past 1910 years. The Glee Club gave ·one concert which was very much enjoyed by a good house; it was demonstrated anew that no organization is more popular with the general and University public than the Glee Club when it comes up to its possibilities. There is no reason why a first-class club cannot be maintained all the time. The Girls' Choral Club did better work this year than ever ·before. The 111elections were good and were well rendered; there had been no lack of practice and of efficient direction. Another feature that was commendaible was the variety of the program. The assistance in this as well as in other programs of the year rendered by local musicians should •be very much ap­preciated by the University public. Among others in this list may be mentioned Messrs. Limberg, Pfaeftlin, and Widen, who are not only accom­modating, .but are mo!Jt acceptable artists. Mrs. Collins is to be congra.tiI­lateei upon the success of her concert. The Violin Olub :c;f young la.dies is always a favori~. This year's pro­gram was no exception; in fact, it was an improvement. We are all grateful to Miss Katherine Wright for her careful and able direction of this club; she is one of the few who work for love. This is one organ­ization that always render music that is reaJly educative in value; they never give anything but the he.st .music, and yet in such an acceptable The University Record way that it is always attracti:ve. They' are also liberal with their gifts; playing. many times for .nothing, when to play must ibe an effort---as, for instance, on Commencement Sunday. They will have their reward. With Dr. Schoch again at the head of the Band and Orehestra, we were assured of a successful season. Their three concerts in the .Audi· t.orium were well rendered, well attended, thoroughly appreciated; the outdoor concerts are always popular a11 to attendance, ·because they are: free. There is, however, .something of a nuisa.nce connected with them, for which the Band is in no -sense responsible; by reason of the promis· cuous passing and .playing of those who seem in no way interested in the musiic, those who want to enjoy the music have little opportunity. It has been suggested that a certain part of the grounds might be given up to those who want to play and visit, and another part to those who want to enjoy -the music. The only regrettable feature connected with the Band for the year was the necessary departure of '.M!r. Collins on account of illness ; he ha.s been most efficient in musical matters :iround the Uni· 1ersity. A new feature -in musical circles was ·a comic opera, "The Masquerad· ers," presented 1by The ,Animal Fair, a new organization. .At its head were Messrs. Rex Shaw and Jack Patterson. T.he play was adapted from the English of Oscar Wilde, and the muS>ic and lyrics were by Messrii. Jack Patterson. and Harold Morris of the University. The music was bright and catchy, and the whole production was very attractive. The University profited by the performance .in that ·it was the recipient of some excellent scenery, the gift of the grateful company for the use of the hall. . The only professional program presented was by >the ever-beloved and never-to-be-forgotten Marcella Sembrich, who was assisted by Francis Rogers, baritone, and Frank La Forge, pianist. Of course, we . expected the best in the world frmn Mme. Sembrich, nor were we disappointed; sh~· was at her best, which is the world's best; she captivated her aud.i· enc~ at once with an ar.ia from Er.nani; this was followed by a group of shorter selections from 'Schubert and Schumann and that gem, The Le.sK with the Delicate Air, that nobody but Sembrich should ever attempt. Love ·Has Wings is another that is always connected with her; To .A Messenger received 11.n ovation because of its worth and because -it was the composition of her accompanist . . Messrs. Rogera and La Forge re· ceived almost as much praise as Sembrich, and deservedly so; they are artists; it is indeed commendable in the great artislll to have assfatants that do not sink into insignificance as compared with the main artist. We shall always remember all these artists, and hope that'they may return. We are indebted to the Matinee Musical Club for this1 excellent concert, as we are for practically all our . good music from abroad. Unfortu· nately, the Music Festival did not materialize ·this year. D . .A. P. During. the Spring Term the Fortnightly Club held four meetings.· The ·program follows: · April I. Dr. Duncalf, "The Background of the First The Fortntghtl:v Crusades." Club April 29. Dr. Miller, "History of 'the Texas State Debt." May 12. Mr. •J. E. ·Pearce, "Race in History," May 26. Round Table led by Dean Battle, "How to Make Scholarship Respectable." The first two papers were the products of definite research undertaken by specialists and presented in scholarly fashion. Mr. Pearce's essa.y was a more popular presentation of certain debatable topics. Dean Battle opened to discusftion a question of peculiar interest to members of a college faculty, .and after stating his own views he obtained an expression of personal opinion from each one of his auditors. The numerical strength of the Club is in.sufficient to keep down such general -informal discussions, which fact probably accounts for the continued activity of the organiza· tion after four years of existence. Under the wi9e direction of Treasurer Ostrander, the University Club's porter continued to dispense delicious viands at a cost which was not prohibitive . . New members affiliated with the Club this term are Librarian Good· rich, Drs. Eby and Duncalf, MessTS. Worley and Hallingsworth. At the end of the· year four members were lost by their resignation from the Faculty. R. A. L. During the session of 1909-1910 the ''<:Jo·op." has grown a year older, with but little to record. Manager Wirtz suffered during May from a severe attaaS" is taken from the Economic Bulletin of A Nottce of'Profes-March, 1910. The review was written by Frank Haigh sor-Potta'• Ballroad Dixon, Professor of Railroad Transportation in Dart~ Transportation mouth College. "Railroad Trllln8portation in Tea:as. By Charles 8 . Potts. Bulletin of the Univer.9ity of Teil'rts, No. 119, H1W£(J4'1i8tic Series, No. 7. (.tl:usti1", 'T'eil'as; 190ft. Pp. !1.f.) The Uni11ersity Record "This monograph by the professor of law and ·government in the Uni­versity of Texas is a painstaking and readable wocount of the history am! present condition of transportation and its problems· in the State · of Texas. This Commonwealth has attracted widespread attention by the radical character of its regulation policy, and acute differences of opin­ion have arisen among students of th.:i problem over the wisdom of Lhl' policy pursued. We are, therefore, greatly indebted to the author for his scholarly and dispassionate ha,ndling of a difficult subject. "The historical portion begins wibh water communication before the appearance of railways, traces the growth of the railway net and the larger individual systems, with illustrative maps, sketches the ·period of"'0 inflation and stock-jobbing, and follows the development of State control from general regulation by legislative act in· the ·so's, to the creation of the Railroad Commission and the passage of other regulative measureP. in the 90's. "Of moat interest to the general reader ·are the author's comments upou the work of the Commissfon, and upon the attempts of .the State to con­trol capitalization. The Stock and Bond Law, which gives the Commis­sion control over the issue of new securities, ~nd the power to determine the 'reasonable vaJue' of the roads, has resulted in a steady decline in the amount of outstanding stocks and bonds per mile, due to the careful limitation of capitalization of new roads. It is the aubhor's judgment . t)l.at there has been very Httle d~crease in the a.mount of r111ilway co1»­struction, but that the strict enforcement of the law by the Commission has prevented the corporations from raising the capital necessary for im­provements, and has resulted in a deterioration in the condition of their lines. Reliance fa still placed by the Commission upon the valuation made in 1894-189{). In the author's judgment, a revaluation is likely to close the existing gap between capitalization and val~e, and to open the way to new issues for betterment ·purposes. "Cost of service as a ba.~is of rate-making was the ·policy advocated by the Commission at the ·beginning, but Jts impracticability was soon demon­strated..While the old iblanket sy!!tem of rates bas been modified some­what in the direction of mileage rates, it ;bas not been altogether aban­doned. One modification of the distance principle which the author urges upon the Commis.sion in the ·interest of industrial development in Tex.as, is a low import rate through Galveston that would develop 'back-load­ing.' He is ·not altOgether sure that rates are !Ower than they woul.I 'have been without a Commission, nor is he able to determine the effect of rate regulatfon upon railway earnings. Certain if! Js, however, that , t•he Commission has almost completely abolished disdr1Iniiinations and ha.s sec-Jred steady and uniform rates. While the ICbn~tit\i.tional provision which prohibits the union of parallel and 'competing' 1lines apparently encourages railway competition, yet, as the ati.thot' wet points out the1·e is no competition in rates, w~th the Commission prescribing the a.~lu~ rate to be charged, neither does the State rely any longer upon. competi­ tion to improve the quality of the service. ,we have here probably the most extreme applicaitlon of the principle of State railway regulation to be found in the country. "In the opinion of the author, the dangers of the future are not to be found in the oppositi9n to the principle of regulation, which 'now seems fairly acquiesced in by aJ.l ela.sses in Texas,' but rather in the possibility that the Legislature will assume at times the functions of the Commis­sion, and that railway commissioners will use their powerful positions as stepping-stones to further political preferment. "With one contention of the author it is necessary t~ take issue. It is his assertion that it is unjust to include intangible value .in the esti­mate of assets upon which taxes are to :be levied and to exclude it when the question of rates is under consideration. This injustice is only ap­parent and is due to a confusion in reasoning. Intangible value is prop­erty and can be sol-0.; ·hence it is taxable. But to include this value in determining tihe reasonableness of a St four courses during the preceding term. The new beating and power plant bas been completed, and Professor $cott will spend mpst of t.he summer installing the necessary apparatus. The new library is>fiider way; at least, the foundations for it have been excavated. The co~tract for the building will be let shortly.. In April Dr. H:ePfY W. Harper, Professor of Chemistry, made a trip to El •Paso for t})it1purp~se of investigating the condition of the water supply of that city0 D,r. Harper's report shows the water of El Paso to be, in the main, ·p~e and whole'l!ome. The U mversity Record COMMENCEMENT The Commencement of 1910 enjoys the extraordinary distinction of having been a comfortable Commencement. By a al>ecial dispensation of the we'.lther man, the hot spell with which student In General and professor had heen contending during most of ex­ amination week was ·abruptly brought to an end with the coming of Saturday and the approach of the festivities; and though the temperature rose to 90 each succeeding day, it never went much beyond; and the nights were without exeeption cool. Meantime there was scarcely a cloud in the skj, the air was fresh and bracing, nnd at no time was there enough breeze to make the dust objectionable. The Commencement of 1910 was a success in still other ways. Bacca­laureate sermon, alumni a,ddress, and commencement address were all exceptionally good, though un1happily bhe alumni orator could 'llot be present, and had to trust to another to read his speech for him-w;hich, however, he did very well. The alJ!mni meeting and class-day exe:roiees went off well, •and both were fairly well attended; the social functions were as Muccessful as ever; and the numher of visitors from other parts of the State probably exceeded the number of any former year. Tlhe .Commencement exercises, as has been the case since 1906, extended c,ver only three days. No congestion has followed from this arrangement, and it is hard now to see . how any other plan could ever have comme'llded itself to the University authorities. Tke Peripatos, a Commencement daily established two years ago, wa~ again in evidence this year, appearing, as before, on Monday and Tues­day. This year, howevr, its account of ·Commencement activities was somewhat briefer than in former years, though the number of advertise­ments was as large as ever. The Peripatos serves a good purpose, but it should not be permitted to degenerate into a mere advertising sheet. The a.nnual reception of the Y. M. C. A. a.nd Y. W. C. A. was held, as usual, at 'Mrs. Kirby's on the Saturday night before Commence~nt. Perhap~ as many as two hundred students and visitora. The Y. M. C. A.-t h . . · Y. w. c. A. Re-were. presen , and t c occasion was m every respect 'l ceptlon linppy one. The Faculty was but peorly represented, owing in part to the fact that one of the candid11.tes for Governor Wa..!1 11peaking at bhe Opera House on the same night. The B'llmber of young men present, also, was too small,-thi~ p.erhaps bee-it sis not well enough known that all me,mbers of tl1e University are invited. The reception was held between the hours of 8 and W:30 p. m., and on Mrs. Kirby'·s lawn. Japanese lanterns served tG illuminate the Commencement of 1910 139 grounds; and ohairs, benches, and cushions had been scattered about everywhere. The crowd began to assemble soon after 8. They were re­ceived by Mrs. Kirby (who seemed to be in excellent health), Miss Stuart, Miss Aden, and other members of the two associations, and all were made to feel a;t home from the beginning. Refreshments were served later on in the evening, and then the party were entertained .by recitations from Miss Wright and by the singing of college and other songs. Altogether, the evening was .very happily spent. The Commencement exercises proper began with the Co=eooemenl 11ermon on 'Sunday morning. 'Db.is was delivered by the Rev. Dr. ·John A. Rice, of the Rayne Memorial Methodist Episcopal Commencement Church, South, of New Orleans. The text of the scr­ sunda:V mon was taken from the third chapter of Timothy, thirteenth ver.se: "That the man of God may be complete, furnished completely unto every good work"; and the subject of the sermon wa« "iSelfhood and Service." The speaker's voice was resonant and full, and could be heard distinctly in all parts of the Auditorium. A clear and deliberate enunciation also .contributed to this effect. The sermon, it was agreed on all hands, was one of the best ever delivered here. It is printed elsewhere in full in this number of Tm: REcono. The exercises of the morning began at 10:45, with the rendering oI the Andante from the Sixth Symphony of Haydn by the University Violin Club. Then followed the singing of the Doxology; then the invocation by Rev. Dr. C. O. Pugh, of the University Baptist Ohurch; after whiich the University Chorus sang the ''Te Deum in F" of F. Kotzschmar; and this in turn was followed by the singing of the hymn, "O day of rest and gladness," by the congregation. Then came the scripture reading­ Luke HJ, 11-27-by Rev. Dr. S. E. Chandler, of the University Presby· terian Church; then the Morning Hymn of Jos. Rheinberger, sung by Mr.s. Hilgartner, Mrs. Baxter, Mr. Clamp, and M!r. Stacy; then prayer by the Rev. Dr. >fcLauchlin of the Southern Presbyterian Church; then a solo, "Thl'Be Are They" (from "The Holy City''), 'by .M.'rs. Clarence L. Test; then the sermon; then another selection by the University Ohorus, "King All Glorious," of Barnby; then another hymn, "A Charge to Keep I Have," in which the congregation joined; and :finally the benediction by the Rev. John Kerns, of the Central Ohristian Church. The services were over shortly aft.er 12: 30. Rev. C. H. Booth, of the University Methodist Church, was in charge of the services, and the musioe ·was under the direction of Dr. Penick, who, as always, did his p-art well. The University Record The program for Monday, Alumni Day, was as follows: 10:00 a. m.~Alumni Business Meeting, in Room 71. 10 :30 a. m.-.Class Day Exercises, in the Audi- Alum 1 D torium. _ 8: 15 p. m.-Alumni Public Exercises: Address by Hon. Charles H. Shaw, LL. R,· 1890, of Cincinnati. 10:00 p. m.-Alumni Reception, at bhe Woman's Building. An alumni serenade by the Band, announced for 7·:30 p. m., for some reason failed to materiaUze. Another disappointment was the absence of the Alumni Orator, Hon. Charles H. Shaw, who, however, furnished excellent evideruce of good faitJh by sending on his address to be read by some one else. This dis· tinction fell to Professor Penick, of the Schools of Latin and Greek. The address is published elsewhere in these columns. After the reading of the alumni address the alumni reception was held, the place .being, as for several years pa..~t, in the Woman's Building. The crowd in a,ttend­ance was no larger than usual, but the music provided for the occasion was most excellent. :Some disappointment was expressed that dancing was not permitted. A full account of the activities of Monday is given in the following dipping taken from The Austin Statesman of June 14: "The class of '09 and the Alumni Association held meetings yesterday morning, opening the exerci.slls for the second day of Commencement week. Other exercises for yesterday were the class day exercises held by the Senior!< of the Law, 'Engineering, and Academic Departments. ·After the · alumni and class of '09 meetings_ had adjourned and after the "serenade of the University Baml at 7: 30 last night the public meeting was held in the University Auditorium at S: 1'5, and the reception in the Woman's Building of both alumni and graduates at 10 o'clock, following the exer­cises in the Auditorium. "At the meeting of the class of '09, the class colors were selected, and it was decided to have another reunion and luncheon next year at 1 o'clock on Monday of Commencement week. A committee composed of Miss Willie Birge of Austin, Miss Imogene Thrasher ~f Austin, and Will Cox of Hillsboro was appointed by President W. H. Harri.son of the class to make arrangements for the luncheon, including the program and the notifying of the members of the class, urging them to be present. "W. J. Crawford of Beaumont, President of the Alumni Association, being absent, R. E. L . .Saner, Vice-President, presided. Dr. E. C. Barker of the University, acted ·as Temporary Secretary. "The following officers were elected for next year: President, O. D. Parker, of Houston; Vice-President, R. ·E. L. Saner, of Dallas; Secre­tary, J. A. Lomax, of the Agricuitura~ and Mechanical College; Execu­tive Committee, J. B. Dibrell of Coleman, Mrs. Charles Stephenson of Austin, J. W. Maxwell of Austin, Dr. Mat Smith of Dallas, and Dr. E. C. Barker of Austin. · "Hon. T. W. Gregory made a report on the subscriptiun raised for the gymnasium fund and urged the alumni to subscribe to the fund, stating that a gymnasium was now the most essential thing needed at the Uni­versity, and that no third-rate school in the United States was without a first-class gymnasium. Of the $70,000 to be raised, $31,741 has been subscribed by less than one .hundred out of an enrollment of 12,000. By request of Mr. Gregory, Dr. H. Y. Benedict was appointed to a.ssist him in handling funds and to share with him the work. "The Chair was in11tructed to appoint a committee of one in each town in Texas to solicit subscription~. E. H. Yeiser, Chairman of the Me­ morial Fund of Judge R. S. Gould, made a report and S. C. Jones of Houston and E. A. Frank of Dallas appointed to assist him in his work. Subscriptions for the busts of Governor Roberts and Sir Swante Palm, who presented the University a large number of library books, will be solicited. A motion rwa.s made by Dr. Benedict providing that, as the Board of Regents had aiccepted the $10,000 endowment offered by Mrs. J. I. Oldright of Austin, $600 of the interest of which was to be used yearly for a fellowship in philosophy in memory of her son, C. D. Old­right, of the class of '92, along with his portrait and bronze statue, . which are to be placed in t.he University building, a committee of one be appointed by the President to receive the gifts when presented next year. He also moved that the Chair take the same action to receive the por­trait of Col. G. W. Brackenridge when presented. A committee of seven was appointed to make arrangements for the reception which was held at the. Woman's Building lMt night, and another consisting of T. W. Gregory, H. Y. Benedict, and J. ·W. MaxWell to select an orator for next year. They are to repoct to the Executive Committee after making their selection. · "The class day exercises held jointly by the seniors of the different departments in the Auditorium were a striking and interesting feature of the program for the day. The University orchestra furnished eX'Cel­ lent music for the occasion. "The Academic song wa,s composed .by E. A. Harris and the music writ­ ten by Harold iMorris, und the Law song .by W. L. L. Moore. The En­ gineer11 sang the old ballad composed some time ago on Alexander Fred­ erick :Claire. B. B. Cobb was key orator for the Academs; J. H. Gill 'T' square orator for the Engineers, and W. L. L. M'oore perigrinus orator for the Laws. Mr. Cobb in an interesting speech presented the 'key of knowledge' to L. S. Hoffman, representative of the Junior Academs; Mr. Gill the 'T' square to A. L. Toombs, representative of the Junior En­ gineers, and Mr. Moore the perigrinus to R. 'L. Carlock, Jr., of the Mid­ dle Laws. "An excellent musical program wa.s carried out at the alumni public exercises in the evening, and the address of Hon. Charles H. Shaw, of Cinicinnati, LL. B. of '90, orator for the meeting, was read. A grand reception was .held in the Woman's Building immediately following the public exercises." The University Record The exercises of Commencement Day, Tuesday, began d 10:30. Be­ fore that, however, there wa.s an informal meeting of Regents, Faculty, and visitors in the Regents' Room, and, at the same Commencement time, Professor Shurter was marshaling the graduates Da:v in line in the corridors of the second floor. At the appointed time the line of march wa.'5 •begun, the President of ·the Uni· versity and the Commencement Orator, together with the Academic and Engineering Faculties proceeding down the east aisle and taking seats on the rostrum, the ·Law Faculty, the Board of Regents, and invited guests taking the we.st aisle ancl proce.eding to the rostrum, the graduates march­ing down the ea.st aisle and taking sea.ts in. the cent.er of the building. The graduates of the College of Arts wore caps and gowns, the Engineers were fitted out with dark coats and white trousers-a plea.sing innova­tion,-and the Laws wore, as usual, sunflowers in their lapels. The graduating class of Engineers was noticea·bly small, that of the Bachelors of Arts was strikingly large. The exercises began with music by the University orchestra, followed by prayer by the Rev. E. B. Wright, of the Northern Presbyterian Church. Then came the address of the graduating classes by the Hon. Cecil Smith, of Sherman, President Mezes introducing the speaker as one who combined the qualities of a 'Matthew Arnold and a Mark Twain. The orator's opening remarks were in a humorous vein, his voice was excellent, and he caught the attention of his audience at once, and held it throughout. The address is printed elsewhere in this number. After the address to the graduating classes there was more niusie from the University orchestra, and then came the conferring of degrees. The Law graduates were presented iby Dean .Townes, the Engineers by Dean Taylor, and the Academics by Dean Battle. The list of graduates for the session of 1909-1910 is as follows: BACHELOR OF LAWS John Anderson Barclay Joe Harvey Henry Graham Jacob Lee Beringer Henry Smythe Groesbeck John Caldwell Bird Charles Frank Guenther William Clarke Blalock Claude Vaden Rall Thornton Hons Bowers Reuben Adair Hall Charles Calender Carsner, B. A. John Edward Hickman Mark Millard Carter Irving Clarence Honegger Sidney Allen Charlton Hal Cozart Horton Robert Walton Cowan David Elmer Hume Arthur Delma Dyess, B. A. Palmer Edward Johnson Robert Lee Eaves Murray Brashear Jones William Graham Gillis Jacques Nicholas Keith John Roscoe Golden Robert Hamilton Kelley, B. S. John Adam Gracy Fletcher Lane, B. A. Commencement of 1910 Jesse Josephus Lee Ealy Eugene Shelley Frank Peirce McElwrath WilliG.m Irving Sims John Link McMeans Charles Jiume Smoot John Maurice McMillin, B. S. Charles Leon Snyder Albert Moodie John McAllister Stevenson, Jr., B. A. Edwin Victor Moore, B. A. Henry Stieler Robert Henry Moore Arthur Dayton Stone, B. A, William Leroy Lipscomb Moore Elmer Archibald Swofford William Carter Morrow Rufus Lee Templeton, B. A. Acquilius Quitman Mustain Charles Cecil Truitt, B. A. Horace Nutt John Williams Turner Ira Charles Ogden John Turner· Vance Walter Alvis Parish William Andrew Wade Joseph Hamblen Pattison William John Walden Tilmon Prewitt Perkins, B. S. Joseph Andrew West Edgar Harris Persons Claude Caldwell Westerfeldt Aaron White Pleasants Clyde Almon Williams Murley Mitcherell Porterfield Alvin Jacob Wirtz Gilorge Gee Robinson Louis Scott Wise John Martindale Rowland Damon Clinton Woods James WHliam Sanders Elmer Tarpley Yates Charlie Claude Shaller CIVIL ENGINEER 'Gustav Adolph Bracher Parker Pace Manton Hannah Ralph Waldo Ridinger Henry Lee Justiss Robert Alexander Wood Walter Hiram McNeill ELECTRI9AL ENGINEER Israel Moses Alexander Murray Francis Gill Howard Benedict Ayres Robert Williamson Gillespie Eugene Britain Barnet William Wylie Holden Edward Demai Battersby Thomas Alan Hord Walter Leo Eyres Walter Williams McAllister Arthur Leopold Faber Gilbert Maxey Thomas Lawrence Hugh Feldhake Thomas Neal Wathen Joe Henry Gill Edwin Malcolm Wise, Jr. ENGINEER OF MINES Hugo Walter Miller Hugh Wright BACHELOR OF ARTS Alma Austin John Renshaw Beall James Kyle Barnes Allene Blacker The University Record Winifred Bosche Oran Roberts Brame Denton Jacobs Brown Harry Henderson Brown, Jr. Lena Burford Columbus Jerome Cartwright Florence Shelley Chilton Bruce Benson Cobb Lucile Coffman Alma Rose Cole Rosina Guest Collins Rosa Cook Willard Richardson Cooke Frances Alberta Cooper Roy Hassell Crockett Elizabeth Virginia Doggett James Tickell Downs, Jr. Benjamin Hadley Dyer Charles Raymond Edwards Mrs. Rosalia Riedel Felter Miriam Finks Emil Ernest Fischer Ethel Mary Fonda Katie Louise Gannaway Julia Spencer Gillespie Minnie Elfrieda Goldbeck Ann Leta Gough Ophelia Katherine Halden John Werton Hampton Eula Ezelle Harper Eugene A Harris Merton ·Leonard Harris Helen Harrison Sarah May Hirsch Thomas Leighton Hoover Horace Ben Houston Anne Eugenia Hughes Ovid Buren Hundley " Talter Samuel Hunter Mabel Johnson Leslie Elmo King Kenneth Krah! Louise Merritt Lawrence Herbert William Franz Leonards Maude Voncile Liddell Kathleen Lomax Lillian Lee Martin Edward Jackson Mathews J--ena McKee Martha Leonora Meachum Allen Henry Menefee Sarah Enni~ Meriwether Normal Hall Moore Harold Cecil Morris Mrs. Jessie Foster Wood Nance Ila Irl Nelson William Aubrey Nelson Harriet Elir.abeth Oliphint Lee Roy Pearson Wilhelmina Pegram Robert Reed Penn Clifton Sanford Perkins Amos Peters Catherine Margaret Richards Ora Bell Riggs Anna Dickson Roe Arnold Romberg Anne Ruggles Charlotte Ryan \Vatson Lafayette Sanders Elfrieda C Schaefer 'Reinhardt Schuhmann Mamie Etta Searcy Bird Ethel Smith Mrs. Eula Pearl Vickrey Smith Henry ,Jacob Lutcher Stark Jefferson Davis Stinson Robert Louis Sweeney Joseph Allan Tennant Maud Eugenia Thomas Elmira Tinnin Mattie Elizabeth Tisdale Charles William Truehart, Jr. Theodore Boyce Tucker Herma Agnes Ujffy Ernest Lovelace Vance Mattie Leonora Vance Hallie Devalance Walker Georgie Daffan Waller Hallie Ada Webster Joseph .Andrew West Pearl West Heiskell Bryan Whaling Jane Dougles Woodruff Thomas Abraham ·Willard Elizabeth Gooch Wright Georgia Oree Wilson MASTER OF ABTS Rudoiph Leopold Biesele, B. A. THESIS : ·Der Einftuss Schillers "Ka.bale und Liebe" auf Sudermanns "Sodoms Ende." Willie Isabella Birge, B. A. '.rHESIS: Anatomy and Some Biologfoal Aspects of the "Ball Moss," Tilland:sia Recurvata. Viola Minerva Oleaves, B. A. THESIS : Pragmatism: Past and Present. Bessie Cochran, B. A. THESIS: The People of Wordsworth's Poetry. William F..dward Cox, B. A. T~s1s: The Protection of Bank Deposits. Louise Gibson, Ph. B. THESIS: E'fforts of the Te11XJ,n Government to Obtam Peace with Mea:ict through Santa Anna, 1836-1837. Emil Rosevelt Stieler, B. A., THESIS: Schiller als Historiker. Edith Crawford Symington, B. A. THESIS: Omens and Portents as Reported by Titus Livius. The Teacl1er's Diploma was conferred upon the following: Alma Austin Ellsworth Lowry Allene Blacker Lena McKee Winifred Bosche Martha Leonora Meachum Bruce Benson Cobb Sarah Ennis Meriwether Bessie Cochran Mrs. Jessie Foster Wood Nance Rosa Cook Wilhelmina Pegram Elizabeth Virginia Doggett Ora Bell Riggs Ethel Mary Fonda Charlotte Ryan Katie Louise Gannaway Bird Ethel Smith Minnie Elfrieda Goldbeck Emil Rosevelt Stieler Eula Ezelle Harper Elmira Tinnin Sarah May Hirsch Herma Agnes Ujffy Louise Merritt Lawrence Pearl West Maude Voncile Liddell Georgia Oree Wilson Kathleen Lomax The University Record The ·President next announced the names of those of the class of 1910 who were elected to Plti ·Beta Kappa. These are: Winifred Bosche Arnold Romberg Frances Alberta Cooper Charlotte Ryan Ethel Mary Fonda Mamie Etta Searcy Katie Louise Gannaway Maude Eugenia Thomas Eugene A Harris Joseph Allan Tennant Anne Eugenia Hughes Herma Agnes U jffy Ila Ir! Nelson Next the names of the winners of the sundry University prizes were a1;mounced, as · follows: The Edward Thompson Prize f<>r the Be.~t Laio Thesis: Albert Moodie. Subject: "Deviation versus Departure." The WilUam J. Bryan Prize for the Best Essay on Good; Government: · W·iLbur Munday Cleaves, LL. B. Subject: "The Relation of Woman Suffrage to Municipal Reform." The E. P. Wilmot Prize in Declama,tion: Russell Chilton H!i!l. The H. A. Wr9e Prize in Debate: Luther Sidney Hoffman. The S. P. Skinner Prize in Oratory: Edgar Clarke. . Soule, firs-t prize; Fred Venable Hughes, Jr., second; and Walter Grady Miller, third. The President then read the names of a number of alumni on whom honors have recently been :bestowed. The number is smaller this year than usual, but, nevertheless, is quite respectable. The list is as follows: Mr. A. :M. McA:fee, B. A., 1909, has been awarded the Goldne out from the University this year to teach in. the schools of Texas. The following is an incomplete list of the students registered with the Committee on Teachers who had, up to July 9, obtained positions for next year : siudenta Placed Superintendents-E. G. Alexander, Itasca; B. B. Cobb, Marshall; R. C. Campbell, Clarksville. High School Principals-A. C. Ferguson, Marlin; L. E. King, Cameron; L. L. Miller, Longview; Reinhardt Schuhmann, Huntsville; R. A. Smith, Abilene; T. A. Willard, Del Rio. Ward Principals-'Michael Harold, Marshall; W. E. Masterson, Amarillo; R. M. Randle, Greenville. Private School Positions---J. K. Barnes, West Texas Military Academy, San Antonio; Viola Cleaves; Switzer College, Itasca; Helen Garrison, Kenilworth Hall, Austin; E. H. Jones, Daniel Baker College, Brown­wood; Emil R. 8tieler, Marshall Training School, San Antonio; Itasca B. Sweet, Daniel Baker College, Brownwood; B. P. Weaks, Grayson Col­lege, Whitewright. High School Teachers-Alma Austin, Hico; R. L. Biesele, .Corsicana; Willie Birge, Crockett; H. S. Bonh!lm, Austin; Blanche Crutsinger, Orange; G. ·W. Dupree, Olney; Katie Gannaway, Elgin; Minnie Gold­beck, Cisco; Ophelia Halden, Haskell; Maud Hart, Llano; Florence Holla­day, Amarillo; Goldie Horton, Amarillo; Mabel Johnson, Georgetown; Leona Knox, Ballinger; Voncile Liddell, Seguin; Lillian Martin, Dublin; Viola Mizell, Wellington, Kan.; Mrs. Jessie Wood Nance, Seymour; Ila I. Nelson, Mansfield; W. A. Nelson, San Angelo; Elizabeth Oliphint, Rosebud; R. R. Penn, Belton; Alice Ramsdell, Sulphur Springs; Thos. W. Ray, Llano; Jeanette Roe, Richmond; Charlotte Ryan, Itasca; E. L. Vance, Corsicana; Georgia Waller, Hubbard; Pearl West, Abilene; Hulda Wild, Nacogdoches; Georgia Wilson, Honey Grove; Forest Wood, Brack­ettville. Grade Positions-Helen H. Harrison, Gonzales; Beulah Kendall, Rich­mond; Rebecca King, Farwell; Sarah Meriwether, Dallas; Minnie Sprott, Georgetown. T;he Education Faculty, as usual, has had many calls for services out­side the regular University work. Only part of this work is indicated in what follow;;. Dr. W. S. Sutton made an ad­Outalde Actlvltles dres;; on the educational .services of W. T. Hards at the Harris Memorial meeting .in the Law Building on January 22. He attended the meetings of the Department of Superin­ The University Record tenaence and of the National Association of College Teachers of Educa­tion at Indianapolis in February. On April 6, he addressed the Metho­dist State Sunday School Association on some fundamental principles of education as applied to the Sunday School. On May 17, he deliveretl the commencement address at the Southwest Texas State Normal School at San Marcos on "Professional Aspects of the Calling of the Teacher in Texas." Dr. A. C. F;llis during the Winter Term addressed the San Antonio Mothers' Clubs, spoke ·before the County Teachers' Institute at Waco on behalf of the Conference for Education, and addressed the County Asso­ciation of Parents' and Teachers' Clubs a:t Greenville. During the Spring Term, he addressed the National Congress of Charities and Corrections at St. Loui8 on certain economic aspects of education. Dr. Frederick Eby presented a paper on the life and character of Dr. W. T. Harris at the Harris Memorial Exercises on January 22. Dur­ing the spring, he made the following addresses: On !May 26, at the commencement exercises of the Cor.sicana High School an address on "The School of the Future" ; on May 27 at Smithville, and on May 30 at Llano, on similar occasions, addresses on the same theine; and on June 2, 8Jl address at the First Methodist Church in Austin· on "Graded Lessons in the Sunday School." Professor Henderson has as usual spent most of his time during both the Winter and Spring Terms visiting high schools. This not only in­cludes the work of inspection but also the making of numerous addresses to school boards, trusiees, and high ·school pupils. In addition, he ad­dressed the ·Wichita Valley Teachers' Association at Seymour on an edu­cational topic, and delivered a comme11cement address before the gradu­ating class of the Temple High School. Dr. Rall gave an address before the Methodist State Sunday School Association at San Antonio, April 7, on "The Sunday School and the Adole~cent Boy and Girl." He also addressed the Austin City Teachers' Institute on "Physical Education," and the teachers of the Deaf and Dumb Institute on "Some Lessons for the Teacher from Child Study." The resignation of ·Dr. Farrington as Associate Professor of the Art of Teaching leaves a vacancy in the Department very difficult to ·fill. The nature of his new .position in Teachers' College, Co- Dr. Farrington'& b' U · . Resignation 1um 1a mvers1ty, is indicated in the following clip­ ing from .the Teachers' College Record, of May 14, 1910: "An extension of the international study of education has just been provided for by the appointment of Frederic Ernest Farrington ·as Asso­ciate Professor of Educational Administration and ·by the announcement of two courses in comparative educa:tion. During one half of each year Professor Farrington will give such instruction at Teachers' College. He Department of Education will spend the other half of every year in England, France, Germany and Italy in investigatiqn and in the direclion of investigations to be car­ried on by a small group of advanced students for whom traveling scholar­ships are to be established. Professor Farrington received in 1904 the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from Teachers' College, where he held a fellowship and an international fellowship in 1901-1903. Be has since been AsRociate Professor in the University of Texas. He is the author of the standard work in English on 'The Public J>rimary School System of France.'" During the past year there has issued from the press of Longmans, Green & Co., Dr. Farrington's second volume on French education, en­titled "Frencli Secondary Schools," comprising a thorough discussion of .the Lyc~es and other secondary schools of France. This work will un­doubtedly fake its place beside Dr. Farrington'·s earlier work as the standard work in English in its field. It is worthy of Dote that the United States Commissioner of Education in a recent bulletin has in­cluded Dr. Farrington's earlier work in a specially selected list of one hundred titles for a teaiOn Faculty. The Division shall have power· to recommend to the General l!'aculty requirements for honors in the several divisions; to supervise the work of candidates for honors and graduate degrees; to arrange and re,,ou:late such seminaries, ~ocieties, lectures, etc., as may need combined action; to nominate candidates for fellowships created primarily for the promo­ tion of advanced work; and to make recommendations on any matter affecting the welfare of the Division. · It was resolved that the Faculty recommend to the Board of Regents The University Record that a diploma fee of $2.50 be charged each applicant for a degree, and that this fee ·be collected by the Auditor at the time of matriculation, and that the fee be returned if the degree is not conferred. On recommendation of the Visitor oJ Schools, additional affiliation was granted to thirty-eight schools, and affiliation in certain subjec'uS was withdrawn from one school. The report of the special committee appointed to consider what train­ ing is best for students intending to become teachers in colleges was amended and adopted as follows: "Much has been said of recent years concerning the decadence of teaching in colleges and universities. To. what extent the criticisms are justified is a matter of doubt, and your committee has not attempted to analyze them in full. Nevertheless, it will ·be admitted that among the many problems which have been forced upon educators during recent years that of the training of teachers is of prime importance. Possibly, also, it is true that because of the necessity for encouraging .scholarly research sufficient emphasis has not been placed upon the problems of under­ graduate teaching, and it has been too generally assumed that the sole requirement for a teacher is an advanced degree. "While your committee is not able to present any aolution of the gen­eral question, it believes that it is justified in offering the following sug­gestions as a basis for further consideration in the light of future ex­perience: "l. To secure fine teaching it is necessary that those in control of the institution shall make it evident that the opportunities for advance• ment in rank and salary and towards a ny honors which the institutian has in its power to grant are open to the teacher equally as well as to the investigator. "2. There is need for a recognition of the view that teaching is itself a branch of knowledge in which .study and research are as necessary and important as in any other field. "3. If the teacher is to reach and maintain a high standard of effi­ciency, his education can not stop with thl' receiving of a degree, but must be continuous. It is, therefo!"e, necrssary that some provision be made for leaves of absence at more or lesg frequent intervals, under such conditions as will not 'result in placing seriom1 financial burdena upon those already underpaicl. "4. The training of the teacher in the method and art of his profes­sion should not depend solely upon the more or less haphazard results of his own experience gained :oit the expense of his pupils. Rather, this training should be had as early as possible and in direct connection with his chosen field of work. Such tra.ining is in part acquired by those who serve in such .subordinate pogitions as student assistantships, fel­lowships, etc., and it is suggested that the present practice may be so modified as to form the basis for a rationally developed system. "While many general plans might be formulated, it is believed that progress can best be made through actual experience. It is, :therefore, suggested that in each of three schools to be chosen by the President and under the direction . of a professor or instructor similarly chosen there shall be formed a class of selected students to be known as 'Readers' in the subject. Each class shall meet the instructor once each week for the discussion of methods, etc., and under his direction shall perform such duties as correcting elementary papers, etc. The time required of each student shall not be more than three hours a week in addition to the consultation hour ·and a credit of one-third course shall be allowed. "5. It is recommended that the members of the Faculty who are in charge of these courses and the professor of the Art of Teaching shall constitute a committee; which shall be expected to study this method of .training tea<>hers and to report its conclusions to the Faculty next spring. "6. With full appreciation of the high character of the teaching in cplleges and universities, your committee feels that in one direction a marked improvement is possible. It believes that training in English should not be left to any one school but that all should co-oper~te in demanding t.hat all written exercises, of any character, shall be charac­terized by grammatical and well-expressed English. Especially do we believe this practice to be l!Ssentia.l in the case of scientific and technical students who from the nature of their studies do not receive the same training as studl'nts of the classics or the modern languages. "7. It is suggested that students who are preparing for the profes­sion of teaching should receive instruction in the psychology of educa­tion and the aims and purposes of education." · Provisional recommendation~ were made by the Dean of the Depart­ment of Education for the granting of Teachers' Diplomas and First­Gracie State .Certificates. On recommend·ation of the President, the fol­lowing resolution was adopted: "Resolved, That the Faculty of the University of Texas favors the appropriation by Congress of the sum of seventy,five thousand dollar.a for the extension of field work of the United States Bureau of Education. "This expression is, I believe, justified in view of the very helpful service the Bureau has performed heretofore, •and of the increased op­ . portunity such an appropriation would provide. The movement is, of course, in full accord with the plans projected ;by the Commissioner of­EduC11tion." On rooommendntion of the President, the Faculty authorized the giv­ing of a one-third general course open to freshmen exclusively, and to not more than :thirty men and twenty women students, by members of the instruction force who may .be willing to do so and may 'be approved by the President. "Thii! course is suggested as an experiment, to •be later on offered to more students or abandoned, as experience may determine. The idea in ­it is that. at least a certain number of freshmen fail to get a good start because of. inexperience, and that a competent instructor could, on con­ferring with them, discover and remove the obstacle or obstacles: for instance, ignorance of how to study, lack of general information and out­ look, improper selection of courses, weakness in some particular direc· tion, unfavora·ble living conditions, lack of proper exercise, improper companions, etc. It is believed in the case of practically all such stu· dents work could be assigned by the instructor and discussed with the students which would be fully worth a one-third course credit, and would, in fact, at least remedy the evil. Moreover, valuable information regarding ·first-year students would be secured. Experiment is as nece.s­sary in education as in Science. The number of students assigned to any instructor would not be more than ten." Dr. Garrison read an invitation from the Secretary of Sta,te and the Department of Public Instruction and Fine :Arts of the Republic of Mexico, addressed to the President, ·that the University should send a delegate to be present at the founding of a National University in the City of Mexico in the month of September next. ·Prof. Eugene C. Barker was «!lected to represent the University. June 13.--0n recommend,ation of the Students' Council, a member of the Senior Class was expelled from the University for breaches of the Honor System. It was voted that the Gymnasium requirement for first-year men stu­dents be changed from twice a week to three times a week. It was ordered, further, that the Gymnasium be open· between 5 and 6. Visitor of Schools Henderson presented the following sta.tement con· cerning the status of affiliated schools: "In compliance with your request, the following information is sub­mitted concerning the status of schools affiliated with the University ' "Number of schools affiliated one . year ago: Group I, 65; Group II, 48; Group III, 27. Total. .... ................ 140 "Number of schools affiliated at present: Group I, 87; Group II, 37·; Group III, 15. Total . ... . . . .. . .. . ... .. ...... . .. 139 "Number of schools affiliated in 14 units or more ... ..... ... 87 "Number of schools affiliated in rn units or more (from which students may enter the University next year) . .. . 120 "Within the past year nine schools lost all affiliation and eight new ·scliools were added to the list, causing a net loss of one school for the year. "The status of 108 schools was changed within the year. "It is confidently hoped that by the close of next year 100 High Schools in Texas will be affiliated in 14 honest units of work." TRANSACTIONS OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS MEETING OF MAY 31, 1910, AT GALVESTON The Board voted that the rule requiring the presence of graduates to receive their diplomas in person should be rigidly enforced, beginning Transactions of the Regents with next session, and the Faculty was requested so to advise candidates for graduation in the future. MEDICAL DEPARTMENT MATTERS The President presented his annual report. The resignation of Dr. A. E. Austin, Professor of Chemistry, was accepted. The degrees recommended by the Faculty were finally voted. The instructors, lecturers, and demonstrator.a of the present year were re-elected for 1910-1911. Miss Ethel Hibbs was elected Librarian in place of Miss Addie Hill. The thanks of the Board were voted Mr. Geo. W. Brackenridge for his donation of a thousand dollars for the repair of the Nurses' Home. 'fhe sum of $125 was voted to defray the expenses of a speaker at the annual Commencement. It was v-0ted that the Board approve in principle the establishment of a lab-Oratory of Preventive Medicine, and that the President so notify the pr~ss and include the ~ame in the biennial report to the Governor and Legislature. The consideration of the budget was postponed until the meeting in Austin on June 11. The budget of University Hall was approved. MAIN U NIVERSITY MATTERS The sum of $1200 was voted to defray the cost of moving the wood­working shop to the new quarters in the power house. The sum of $500 was voted to equip the woodworking shop for the teaching of manual training. The sum of $600 wa.s voted, in additi-On to the amounts otherwise available, to defray the cost of removing the steam lab-Oratory from the Engineering Building to the new power house. It was voted that the boilers and equipment of the old power house and the power house of the Law Building be sold under the direction of Professor Scott. . John A. Lomax, Associate Profes3or of English in the A. and M. Col­lege, was elected Assistant. Director of Extension. The sum of $400 additional was voted to the Publications Fund for the current year. Leave of absence for the rest of the session, beginning June 6, was V(lted Dr. J. T. Patterson, for urgent business reasons. The petition of J. A. West to be given his degrees in absentia was grnnted. MF..ETING OF JUNE 11-13, AT AUSTIN The President presented the annual report of the Main University. The following recommendations of the Facult.y Committee on Univer­sity Hall were adopt.ed: The Uniiim·sity Record That H. B. Seay be re-elected as Steward for l!H0-1911. That W. A. Darter be appointed Assistant Steward for 1910-1911. That a deposit of $5.00 be required of robmers at the Hall, and that a deposit of Sl2.00 .be required of day boarder.s. That ·board be raised from $12 to $14 per month. That the supervising manager be required to take not less than three meals per week at the Hall. That the Faculty Committee be authorized to inflict fines from time to time upon students guilty of infraetions of the rules of the Hall; the fines to be collected through the Auditor's office. (At present the only penalty that the committee ean use is expulsion from the Hall. In many cases this is too severe, and the lesser penalty of a fine would prove effective.) The plan prese!lted by the Faculty for the reorganization of the Col­lege of Arts was approved {see p. 156). · The present heads of schools were elected chairmen for the next two years. For 'the more efficient conduct of the University, the following rules governing the membership and work of the several Faculties was adopted: . Ji'ac:ulties.-Subject to the supervision of the Board of Regents and the authority it has vested in admini•trative officers, the general charge of the Main University is entrusted to the General Faculty of the Main University, and the general charge of the Medical Department to the Faculty of the Medical Department. Each of these bGdies shall consist of such teachers and other officers as may be designated b.v the Board of Regents. Departm?ntal Fac-ulties.--Each department of th.e M!ain University, in­ cluding the College of Arts, shall be under the immediate charge of its departmental faculty. The Faculty of the College of Artf1 shall consist of the members of the General Faculty who .belong to this department, and of such other persons as the Board of Regents may desig:D.ate. The Faculty of each of the other departments of the Main University shall consist of the members of the department. who are members of the gen­ eral Faculty; of other instructor.s in the department who have served for a year or more; of teachers in other departments who give instruction required for any degree offered in the department concerned, and who have served for a year or more; and of such other person~ as the Board of Regents may. designate. All members of each Faculty shall have a voice in its deliberations, but only those shall have a right to vote who have ·a right to vote in the General Faculty. Legislation exclu.sively affecting any department shall originrute in the Faculty of that depaiat­ ment and in no oth~ Fa~ulty, but shall not be effective until approved by the General Faculty, or, at its discretion, by its Executive Committee, which shall include the President and the Dearni of the several depart­ ments, and where neceAsary by the Board of Regents. Action affecting more than one department may be taken only by the Geneml Faculty. The President shall be a member, and Chairman ex-officio, of each Transactions of the Regents departmE-ntal Faculty. In the absence of the President the Dean of the department shall preside at its meetings. It was voted that University Hall be placed during the coming sum­mer session under the supervision of the Executive Committee of the Summer School, with the understanding that it will try to turn over to the University one-U1ird of the fees collected for room rent It ·wM voted that eertain repairs be made in the Woman's Building. It WM voted that a tablet, similar to that in memory of Dr. Waggener, be placed in the north wall of the Auditorium to commemor·ate President Wm. L. Pr·ather. It was voted that the title of Registrar of the Law Department be changed to Secretary. The su~ of $3500 was voted to increase the efficiency of the Bureau of Economic Geology, and to enable the old power homie to be refitted for its use. Appropriation was made to cover the extra cost of fuel and repairs to the old l1ea·ting plant made necessary .by the unusual cold weather of the past winter. · The budget for 1910-1911 was adopted. The following ii! the estimate of income and expenditure: Income- Unappropriatccl balance, September l, I!HO.... . $ 27,825 70 Legislative appropriation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240,000 00 Land leases . . ... ...................... .,. . . . . 120,938 92 Interest on State bonds ................ ....... . 26,535 00 Deferred interest on State .bonds . .. ..... .... .. . 9,425 00 Matriculation fees . . ... . ...... . .... .. .... .. . . 13,000 00 Sale of old boilers .. ........... ........ .... .. . 2,000 00 Incidentals . . ........... ...... ; .. ........... . 300 00 $442,024 62 Expenditures- Salaries . . . .............................. .... $207 ,093 34 Schools and laboratories.. ..... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,075 00 Current expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,930 25 Special expenses . . ..... . .... . .. . .. . . . . . .... .. 180,750 00 ----441,848 5g Amount to !balance ............ ......... . $ 176 03 The l;>udget provides for the following staff changes: Lewis H. Haney was made Associate Professor of Econom1cs, in suc­cession to Professor Alvin H. Johnson. L. M. Keasbey was made Professor of Institutional History, instead of Pt;ofeBsor 9f Political Science. W. E. Metzenthin, Adjunct Professor of Germanic Langllages, was made also Director of Physical Training for Men. 1'he University Record C. S. Potts, Adjunct Professor of Law and Government, was made Adjunct Professor of Government. E. C. Barker, Adjunct Professor of •Modern European History, was made Adjunct Professor of American History. Stark Young, Instructor in English, was made Adjunct Professor of General Liter-ature. · Frederick Eby, Instructor in the History of Education, was made Ad­junct Professor. R. G. Tyler was made Instructor in •Civil Engineering in place of D. C. Lipscomb. H. G. Livesay was made Instructor in Drawing in place of L. C. Wagner. Lulu Bailey was reappointed Instructor in Physics, after two years at the Johns Hopkins University. Mary E. Decherd wa.s made Instructor in -Mathematics instead of Tutor. H. W. Stilwell was made Tutor in English. Bessie Cochran was made Tutor in English. May M. Jarvis was reappointed Tutor in Zoology, after a year at· Bryn Mawr College. Lee Ellison was made Fellow in English. As Student Assistants were appointed: A: F. Daniel and V. M. Green in Applied Mathematics; W. M. Eliot, E. C. Rowe, J. B. Upchurch, and Offie Leonard in Civil Engineering; H. R. Thomas and Julian Mont­gomery in Drawing; H. •W. Miller in Geology; Marguerite Calfee in Phi­losophy; L. R. Pearson in Economics ; H. B. Whaling in Institutional History; J. D. Stinson in Government; E. R. Kellersberger in Zoology. The President was au,thorized to make appointments to positions left unfilled. It was voted that a Diploma Fee of $2.50 be charged each applicant for a degree, that this fee be collecled by the Auditor at the time of matriculation in the Senior year, and that the fee .be returned if the degree is not conferred. It was voted to approve the recommendation of the Faculty with ref­erence to the Ph. D. ·degree (see the RECORD, Vol. IX, p. 18lf). It was voted to accept the donation of ten thousand dollars offered by Mrs. Julia T. Oldright to establish the Charles Durand Oldright Fellow­ship in Philosophy in memory of her son, and President Mezes· was re­quested to express to :Mrs. Oldright the thanks of the Board for the gift. 'fhe President was authorized to accept the ·hid of the San Antonio Foundry Company for erecting two fire escapes to the Auditorium with one modification. The budget of the Medical Department for 1910-1911 was adopted as follows: Transactions of the Regents Income- Legislative appropriation . . : .. .... . . ... ........$ Unappropriated surplus, May 1, 1910 ... . . ..... . Estimated balal)ces, .August 31, 1910 . . ... ...... . Estimated breakage . . ............... . .. . . . . . . Fees from students ......... ...... .. ....... . . . Contribution from Mr. Brackenridge, if necessary. lJ!xpenditures­ 55,000 00 1,136 ·s1 344 64 410 00 5,300 00 200 00 62,391 45 Salaries . . .. ... ..............'. ...............$ 50,641 66 Labora:tories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·5,400 00 Current expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,523 00 Repairs and improvements.. .. . .... ............ 1,800 00 62,~4 66 Unappropriated balance . . ...... . .. .. .. . $ 26 79 The following staff changes were included: Dr. M. Charlotte Schaefer wa.s made .Associate Profesoor of Biology, Normal Histology and General Embryology instead of Lecturer and Demonstratcr in these subjects, Mr. Braekenridge agreeing to pay, if necessary; the additional expenses involved in ·this action. Dr. David H. Lawrence was made .Associate Professor of Medical Juris­prudence instead of Lecturer, without •increase in salary. Dr. George F. Lacey was elected Professor of aiding of needy and cleserving students in securing positions that pay part of their expenses. Some twenty or more have ,been thus helped. The earnings of these men would amount to more than $2000. No special effort was made in the Spring Term to enlist men in the Bible and Mission Classes, as the time is too short to accomplish much, but the classes heretofore organized were carried on through the term to the close of the year. The Waco Convention was one of the best ever held in the State. The University .Association sent twelve delegates, and ,the men were very en­thusiastfo over the success and extent of the .Association work. The Southwestern Student Conference was held at Seabrook, Texas, at the close of the school year, and six of the .Association men wttended. The men all came back on fire, and several gave their lives to Christian work. This conference brings students from Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Louisiana together, and the best talent in the .Association field is centered here to train the men in College .Association work The outlook for next year is encouraging, and judging from the strength of the influence of the men that form the Cabinet, and from the earn­estness of their purpose, the session of 1910-1911 is to be the best year of the .Association. The work of the Spring Term in the Association ia always organiza­tion. New officers and new committees have to learn their duties, and plan the work for the next year. The Bible Study Y. w. c. A. .Committee has planned to enroll a large number of girls in the various Bible classes in the University Sunday schoo!R, and also in the Bi.ble Chair and .the Theological Semi­nary, where three-hour-a-week courses are offered. The Missionary Com­mittee has arranged to have student leaders for mo.st of the mission study groups. These girls have been enrolled in a ·normal class this spring, studying the text"book to be used in the fall. The Social Committees gave a most delightful luncheon .to the Senior girls. The two .Associations joined in giving a picnic to the entire stu­ The University Record dent body, also in entertaining students and Faeulty at a closing recep­tion at the home of Mrs. Kirby. Miss '.Marguerite Stuart, General Secretary, could not return next year, so Miss Winifred Bosche, B. A., 1910, was elected Secretary. Miss Camille Williams was made President. M. B. The following account of the presentation of the "Mar.queraders," a comic opera, by .students of the University on April 20 is ta.ken from The Tea;an of April 23: "Tbe Masquer&· The "Masqueraders," as· presented in the Auditorium Tuesday night, scored a tremendous hit. From be­ ginning to end, the action was animated and enlivened, and at no part of the play did one.'s interest lessen. The scenic effects were admirably designed, especially the Rose Garden at the country home of John Worth­ ing. The costumes were not of the tinseled and spangled sort, yet they were antractive and well-chosen. The chorus "is now and ever shall :be" unrivaled, for from the initial entre to the curtain fall, their appearance invarfably evoked enthusiastic applause. The London Belles and Beaux, the French Maids and Buttons, the Sicilian Bandits and Eton Lads all executed their parts with a snap and a swing rarely to be seen except in the professionally trained chorus. And this remainds one of the music-catchy airs and verses t'b.at truly were exceptional. Pierson Garrett, both as "Lane" and "Capt. Grimm," was a rare com­ edian, and his very presence on the stage alone brought forth laughter. Rex Shaw, a.s "John Worthing, M. P.," and Tom Holden, as ''Doctor Chasuble," were both goed, and played their parts well. Jack Paterson as "Tristam Moncrieff," was perfectly at ease, and being possessed of a good voice and natural ·aptitude for dramatic stunts, was perhaps the · stellar attraction among the men. Mliss Dolly Bell Rutherford, as "Cicely Cardew," was perfect in every respect-dai:,.ty, coy, airy and graceful. Miss oHelen Johnson, as ''Mrs. Prism," was delightfully humorous in her r()le as an eccentric widowed gentlewoman. 'Miss Frances Jalonick was splendid in her impersonation of an English lady of fashions, as "Lady Bracknell," and her singing was a feature of the opera. Miss Violet Wa,,,"'ller, as "Gwendolyn," played the part of a society girl with leap-year tendencies, and she more than met the requirements. Miss Jea.n John, as ''Merriman," was a dainty maid. All in all, the "Masqueraders" was little, if at all, behind the average comic opera in merit. Such songs as ".A Devotee of Tea," "Captain Grimm," "The Kitty Farm," and "Poor Little Monk" are well up to the standard of the present-day music, as popular music goes. Those who witnessed the performance have nothing but praise for it, and those a.bsent h:i.ve good reason to feel despondent. · Athletics 169 The annual election of officers of the Students' Association and editors and busiI).ess managers for the various student publications waR held on May 17. L. S. Hoffman was elected as President of .the Stu­Btudent Elections dents' Association; John G. Hannah as Editor of the Magazine, with Watt I,, Saunders as Business Man­ager; Will C. Thompson as F.Alitor of the Cactt,s; wit~ W. A. Threadgill as . Business Manager; and George Hill as Editor of the Texan, wirth E . .Sidn~y Smith as Business Manager. The election was quiet and Jigni· fied, as has been the case with every election since the Australian Ballot­box plan went into effect, and the outcome was altogether satisfactory, each of the successful candidates ·being well qualified for the position . to which he was elected. A good word should ,also 1be said for the defeated candidates, who were also in most instances admirably fitted for the posts to which they a.spired. ATHLETICS During the Spring Term the University ·became a member of the Texas Intercollegiate Athletic Association. This Association was formed in September, 1909, but a number of ·the universities and In General colleges of the State, the University of Texas among them, were not entirely satisfied with its constitution and by-Jaws and did not make application for admission until it ap­peared that the constitwtion would be satisfactorily amended. The asso­ciation met at Sherman in May, each of the nine institutions now form· ing its membership being represented by a delegate. A number o~ im· portant 'amendments were adopted, so thrut its constitution now compares more favorably with those of other athletic associations of the South and W'est. The most encouraging feature of the meeting was the evi­dence of a desire on the part of all present for cleaner athletics. The general opinion is that there has been an unusually large number of vio· lations of the rules during the past season, and the resulting feeling of disgust is so keen and widespread that a strong reaction has developed. It is hoped that this will result in many grerutly needed reforms, and that athletics in this state will be raised to a higher plane, and .be main­tained there. The baseball season was unsuccessful in many respects. A fair sched­ ule of games to :be played at home was arranged, .but this was consider­ ably weakened by an oult-of-the-state team asking to Baseball be released from its contract. After a trip to Louis­iana and Alabama had been arranged, it was discov­ ered that the majority of the members of our team were ineligible to play under the rules of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association, of which the Univeri>ities of Alabama and T..oufaiana are members; and as The U nii•ersity Record members of that association are for.bidden to play any institution unless ·all members of both teams are eligible under its rules, games with those universities were impossible. Con!lequently, the games with Tulane were also canceled, ·and the idea of a trip across the Mississippi abandoned. A short trip to Waco was made, where two games · were played with Baylor, and three 'games with Texas Christian University. Two gamea were played at Georgetown. All the other· games were played at Austin. About the middle of the season the team lost ·a number of its mem­bers, which contributed. largely towards its lack of success. The Dean refused one player permission to play on account of defi­ciencies in his scholastfo work; two others were rendered ineligible by the University's becoming a member of the Texas Intercollegiate Athletic Asso­ciation, they being debarred by the one-year transfer rule; and two others were suspended hy the Faculty Committee on Athletics for violations of training rules. l'his action of the Faculty Committee on Athletics greatly displeased some of the remaining members of the t~am, and culminated in a demand from two of the members of the team, T. N. Wathen and M. B. Jones, that the chairman of the committee should rein­state the two players suspended for violations of the training rules. Upon their demand .being refused, they deserted the team, although there were still two intercollegiate gameR to he played. The University, however, was able to keep its contractR and fulfill all its obligations, but in order 'to get a full team in the field for the ·last game it was necessary to play students who were not in training and who were not considered mem­bers of even the scrub team. •C. ·A. Keith, a student of the Universitf and an ex-member of the St. Louis American . League team, coached the team, and faithfully per­formed his duties to the end of the season. Considering the many· troubles, trials, and difficulties that he encountered; the results of the season are certainly no discredit to him. Financially the season was also a failure. The weather was very un­favorable, and this \Vas the chief cause of the financial loss. Eleven games were either entirely prev•mted by rain, or the attendance was so diminished by threatening weather and showers that the gate receipts were insufficient t-0 coYer the guarantees to the visiting teams. ThP gttarantees obtained for the games played on foreign territory did not cover the expenseJ3 incurred, so the trips to Waco and <*orgetown re­sulted in a loss. The coach was paid a salary of three hundred dollars. The total loss on the season was over eleven hundred dollars. The baseball schedule for the year, with its results, was as follow.s: Clubs. R. H. E. Batteries. Texas· University 3 3 6 Breihan and Jones s. w. u. 4 2 2 Ayres and McHeRry Texas University 2 5 0 Groesbeck and Jones Austin College 3 6 2 Lowry and· Hudson Texas University 3 9 2-Fulton and Bro.wn Athletics 171 Clubs. R. H. E. Batteries~ Austin College 2 6 2 Douglas and Hudson Texas University 3 4 2 Green and Brown Texas Medics. 4 8 3 Graham and Brownlee Texas University 4 6 3 Fulton and Brown Texas Medics. 4 8 3 Singleton and Brownies Texas University 7 10 0 Fulton and Brown St. Edward's 2 7 5 Pier and Fruth Texas University 2 4 2 Groesbeck and Brown s. w. u. 1 5 2 Ayres and Bobo Texas University 10 11 7 Groesbeck and Brown St. Edward's 5 6 4 Pier, Brazier and Britz Texas University 3 6 3 Groesbeck and Brown Baylor University 7 12 Harrell, ·wme and Leazer Texas University 0 2 2 Geen, Brown, E., and Brown, C. Baylor University 7 11 0 Danforth and Leazer Texas University 3 7 5 Groesbeck and Brown T. C. U. 6 4 3 Morton, Randall and Buster Texas University 0 5 2 Geen and Brown T. C. U. 8 10 1 Stanfield .and Buster Texas University 1 4 1 Brown, Breihan and Brown T. C. U. 8 9 2 Tyson, Randall and Buster Texas University 4 8 4 Groesbeck and Jones Baylor University 3 7 2 Wilie and Leazer Texas University 1 1 0 Geen and Jones Baylor University 0 2 1 Danforth and Leazer Texas University 3 7 0 l?ulton and Brown Okla. University 2 5 3 Bridgewater and Conkling Texas University 0 1 0 Groesbeck and Brown* Okla. University 1 2 Buttrum and Conkling Texas University 0 1 1 Geen and Brown T. C. U. 3 4 0 Morton and Lamonica *In this game neither team secured a hit in the first nine innings, Okla· homa scored the only run in the tenth on a single 11.nd a double. Un~er the new coaching system of 1909-1910, track has received a fresh irnpetµs. In the . fall, notwithstanding the fact that many men were trying for the football team, one hundred and thirty. . Track roen reported for practice. Under the efficient coach· ing of Mr. Chas. L. -Snyder, formerly of Drake Uni· . ver.sity, we developed a team that. carried off first ,honors at the Annual No-Tsu-Oh Carnival Track Meet in Houston on November .9, defeating both Tulane Univer