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. . 
BULLETIN 

OF 

THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS 

ISSUED SEMI-MONTHLY 
NUMB"ER 145 
MAY 2U 191. .RA _ h!~H HY 
The University of Texas Record 
Volume X, No. 1 
April 15, 1910 

• 
Entered as second-class mail matter at the postoffice at Austin. 
AUSTIN, TEXAS 
PUBLICATIONS 
OF THE 
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS 

Board of Editors-Killis Campbell, Editor-in-Chief; Eugene C. Barker,Secretary and Manager; 
Robert A. Law, N. L. Goodrich, F. W. Simonds,
A. C. Scott, John E. Rosser, James J. Terrill.The publications of the University of Texas are issued twice a month. 
They
are arranged in the following series: RECORD, MINERAL SURVEY, GENERAL,HUMANISTIC, MEDICAL, SCIENTIFIC, REPRINT, UNIVERSITY EXTENSION,
OFFICIAL. For postal purposes they are numbered consecutively as Bulletinswithout regard to the arrangement in series. With the exception of thespecial numbers any Bulletin will be sent to citizens of Texas free on request.Communications from other institutions in reference to exchange of publica­tions should be addressed to the University of Texas Library.THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS RECORD has been issued from two to four timesa year since December, 1898, and is now in its 10th volume. Its purpose is topreserve a record of the life and progress of the University, and for that reasonit is of special interest to alumni, ex-students, and friends of the University.Upon request it will be regularly mailed, free, to any citizen of Texas. Ad­dress THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS RECORD, Austin, Texas.The bulletins of the UNIVERSITY EXTENSION and OFFICIAL series, consistingof Announcements of Courses, Catalogues, Regents' Reports, and administra­
tive matter, will be mailed free to any one upon request.The University still has for distribution copies of the following bulletins: 
GENERAL SERIES 
4. 	Courses of Study in Law Pursued in the University of Texas, by J.C. Towne!!.16 p. March, 1904. 
7. The Consolidation of Rural Schools, by Una Bedichek and G. T. Baskett.
New edition, enlarged by A. C. Ellis. 85 p., illus. November, 1907.
25 cents. 
10. Views of the University of Texas. 42 p., illus., n. d. 20 cents. 
11. 	What Should be Done by Universities to Foster the Professional Education ofTeachers 1 by W. S. Sutton. 
24 p. 	1905. 15 cents. 
15. 	The Teaching of Agriculture in the Public Schools, by A. C. Ellis. 56 p.,illus. December, 1906. 25 cents. 
16. A Study in School Supervision, by Carl Hartman. 180 p. 1907. 50 cents. 
17. Religious Activities at the TJniversity of Texas. 53 p., illus. August, 1909.
18. 	Practice Work in University Departments of Education, by Frederic E.Farrington. 42 p. November, 1909. 25 cents. 
[(Continued on inside back cover, 
355-310-1800-3549 


BULLETIN 

OF 

THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS 

ISSUED SEMI-MONTHLY 
NUMBER 145 
The University of Texas Record 
Volume X, No. 1 
April 15, 1910 
Entered as second-class mail matter at the postotfice at Austin. 
AUSTIN, TEXAS 
Cultivated mind is the guardian genius of democracy. • • • It is the only dic­tator that freemen acknowledge and the only security that freemen: desire. 
President :Mirabeau B. Lamar. 
THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS RECORD 
VOLUME X, NO . 1, APRIL 15, 1910 
CONTENTS 
THE THINGS THAT ARE WORTH WHILE, by Edward 8. Martin.. 5 
THE OXFORD SYSTEM OF EDUCATION, by Stanley Royal Ashby. . 21 
THE UNIVERSITY: 
General Notes-­Calendar of the Winter Term at Austin, 39; Work of the WinterTerm, 39; The First Six Months of the Department of Extension,40; The German Play, 45; The Curtain Club's Annual Play, 46;The March 2d Celebration, 47; The Fortnightly Club, 48; TheEconomic and Political Science Association, 48; Music in the Uni­versity, 49; Miscellaneous Notes, 51. 
Library Notes-­The New Library, 53; Gifts, 54; Recent Purchases, 54. 

The Department of Engineering-General, 55; The Dean's Trip to Northem Universities, 55; Elec­trical Engineering, 57; The School of Mines, 58. 
Matters of Public Interest from the Minutes of the Faculty. . . . . 58 From the Proceedings of the Board of Regents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Student lnterests-­
Y. M. C. A., 60; Y. W. C. A., 61; The Inter-Society Debate, 62; TheGirls' Literary Societies, 62; The Sororities, 64; Student Publica­tions, 65. Alumni Notes ...... . ...... . . ............... . ...... . . . .. . . . . . . 66 The Texas State Historical Association ... , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 A Bibliography for 1909. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . .. . 69 

THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS RECORD 
VOLUME X, NO. 1, APRIL 15, 1910 
'rHE 1.rHINGS THAT ARE WORTH WHILE 
BY EDWARD SANFORD MARTIN, EDITOR OF LIFE 
We may or may not think well of our individual selves, and it is a wise precaution against disappointment that we should not think too well, but surely we do right to think with much respect of our species. There is a vast deal of life in the world with which we are imperfectly familiar. We don't know everything that goes on in a drop of water; the bees and ants are most respectable mor­sels of creation from whom we learn lessons as it is, and might doubtless learn more and better ones if we knew more about them. But from our point of view, and basing our opinion on what we do know, by far and away the biggest thing on earth is man, and how to make the most of him must be considered the most important subject of human consideration. That is what every youth in every school and" university is trying to learn; what ever.y teacher is trying to teach. 'I'o that end the directions in the catechism­if any young person of this generation sees a catechism-are given us, for that is our errand on earth and so best we glorify God and enjoy Him forever. How then shall we go to work to make most of man, and especially of the man that each of us is responsible for, and so do our share in the accomplishment of human destiny? 
We do well at the very start to realize that we. shall never make the most of ourselves by working, or striving, entirely, on our own hook and for our own individual selves alone. One of the first 
great subjects of which we should try to gain understanding is the subject of the relations of men. That we are all a good deal bound together, that together more or less we go forward or back, takes no long experience of life to disclose. We begin early to have that lesson taught us, and we proceed under instruction in it to the last day we live. And some of us learn it and some do not. If we do, it goes far some times to make up for an apparent 
The University Record 
lack of considerable success in other pursuits, and if we ·don't, a great apparent success in other pursuits may ill make ~p to us for our failure in that. For the great reward in life is, after all, not, primarily, materiai acquisitions in whatever abundance, but a condition of mind; in thoughts that console and inspire, in in­spirations that well up inside of us and make us glad to be alive, in impulses that drive us on to actions and courses of conduct that satisfy the demands of the spirit, no matter what the issue. Character and conduct reasonably consistent with it, are life's great rewards, and character and conduct affect at every turn, and are affected by, our relations with our fellows. 
As we regard men so they are apt to regard us. y OU remember that the Latin hostis began by meaning "stranger'' and from that easily got to mean "enemy." If as we look out in the world we see a few people that we know, and all the rest "strangers," we are apt to shrink from it, and if we do, our offishness is apt to be reeipro­cated. But _if we really have in us the sentimerlt of the old-time 
philosopher, who thought nothing human quite alien to himself, it makes a vast difference, and the world instead of being full of strangers, becomes straightway full of folks. ­
You see that difference of attitude in small children. There a.re some of so fortunate an inheritance that from the tinie they are conscious of sight they look out in a world of friends. And others, who, just as instinctively, either distrust or shrink from all but their intimates, or show a cautious discrimination as to whom they shall trust. The ideal attitude for us to have towards men in general is that of a very nice and fearless child. We have Scrip-· ture for that, and as comparatively few of us get that attitude by birth, we do well to cultivate as near an approach to it as our cautious and prejudiced minds may consider safe in a world which is partly populated by vendors of gold bricks. 
A man failed in business the other day in New York. His credi­tors got his automobile, and his chauffeur had to find a new place. The chauffeur came back to see his form.en employer's wife. The tears came to his eyes at the sight of her, and then, of course, they 
came to hers. ·"I hope you've got a good place, John," she said, when she could get her voice. "Oh yes, Mrs. Smith, they seem to be very nice people, but they never speak to me J'' Then they. both 
The Work of the Wfoter Term 
cried again. You see the new employers didn't understand human 
relations. The human side of them was not enough developecl 
to bridge the gap between employer and employee. It's not much 
of a gap when ·there are true human hearts on both sides of it; 
and usually there are, though not all human hearts are articulate. 
·Shyness makes often for misunderstanding and often for what seems like aloofness. For though we cannot know everybody, and though some measure of selection of familiars becomes inevitable in every society as soon as its members increase enough to afford scope for choice, exclusiveness for its own sake is very foolish. We must choose and be chosen. To cultivate one person or one family more, necessitates cultivating i:<ome other persons or families less. That is inevitable. Tastes differ, and a preference for one person or one lot of people does not necessarily imply disparage­ment of others. Propinquity, assdt!iations, relationship, and· various circumstances determine who our frie!lds shall be, and the advan­tages of having desirable and profitable friends is so obvious that the most careless observer cannot fail to discern it. The desire for the company of the best people we can get at-our betters if possi­ble-is an aspiration that in itself is creditable to our intelligence, but we fall into a serious mistake if we let it go so far as to prompt us to limit our acquaintances to just the right people and no others. An exclusiveness that shuts us off from the even experimental knowledge of varieties of our fellow-creatures is neither conducive to our profit nor our popularity. We laugh at people, who being highly pleased with the social position they have gained or highly solicitous to gain a better one, live in a state of daily apprehension for fea11 they will know somebody they ought not to know. They practice exclusiveness to their detriment. To know many people and many kinds of poople is in itself a very advantageous thing; for the more people we know, the better chance we have to learn whom we like and whom we can help and who can help us. One of the best things about working for a living is that it gives 
the worker common interests with people with whom he could not 
otherwise come in contact. There are so many kinds of relations 
in life that . are pleasantly profitable; the relations of social eq1ials 
and of social unequals, of coevals and of persons of different ages, 
of master !lnd servant, housekeeper and marketman, employer and 
The University Record 
employee, and endless others. One of the most accessible of all is the relation of co-workers and of persons of various stations, duties, and capacities engaged in the same task or in tasks which touch with one another. The thing that more than any other single thing makes the individuals who compose human society interde­pendent is the necessity of making a living or the desire to make money. One does not realize either of these aspirations to advan­tage without getting down off any perch on which he may find himself installed, and working in the crowd shoulder to shoulder with the other workers. A high degree of exclusiveness is only possible to do-nothings, and is only prized by know-nothings. The people who value it seem to think that the crowd contaminates a.lid vulgarizes; that such virtue as they may contain is diluted and weakened by a large acquaintance with ondinary p~ple; that the only people to have easy relations with are the "nice" people, the people of social position who have something advantageous to con­fer, the people who are best to dine with and out of whom some­thing can be made. That is a mistaken notion, and the mistake is one of small minds. The people-the great mass of the people -are the fountain of honour and the main source of most advan­tages. The wise course is to get in touch with as many of them as is reasonably convenient. There are a thousand relations that are worth while; there are a thousand phases of friendship that are worth cultivating besides the kind that flourishes between per­sons of the same social condition. Social condition is largely ac­cident. It does not touch character nor limit sympathy. In every walk of life there are the traits that invite and repay friendship. There is a common ground, if one's feet can only find it, on which all true people can stand in a substantial equality, an equality of the spirit and the affections. In every walk of life and irreH­pective of advantages of means and education there are people whose minds are interesting; people of talent, of humor, of sagacity, of sound discretion, and in:tegrity; people of 'constancy, capable of self-sacrifice and high devotion. The acquaintance of such people is worth cultivating wherever one finds them. · Lif.e is an aggre­gation of daily experiences; most of which are trivial, but the aggregate of trivial things counts for a vast deal. The familiar faces we see in the daily round and the brief exchanges of Baluta­
The Work of the Winter Term 9 
tion and discourse that one encounters are incidents of superficial 
importance, but they go a long way toward making the difference: between existence that is profitable and-existence that is dull. To make the world a friendly place one must show it a friendly face. I think our present President is an uncommonly good example of.a man who is by natTire friendly to mankind. Mis smile belongs to his nature. The tribulations of high office may impair its crn­tinuity, but they will hardly banish it, because it belongs to the spirit that animates the man. Our late President has the same equality. He is perhaps considerably interested in himself, and well he may be; bu:t he is also intimately interested in all other peo­ple, and they, by natural consequences, in him. Nothing human -hardly anything indeed, that is alive-seems alien to that extra.: ordinary man. His .sympathies are as boundless as his energies and his enthusiasms. It must be that he understands the relations of man, understands that all of us here are interdependent; must work ~gether if we are to work for good, must win together if we are to win at all. Our religion as we see it is largely a sort of science of human relations. Its motto, one may say, is "Peace on Earth, good will to Men"; its golden precept is ·"Do unto others as ye would that they should do unto you," and to bring folks into accord with its spirit seems to. be not· only the aim of the churches and all the pious machinery of our time, but nowadays of all the politicians who seem to· have any impressive measure of leadership. The great 
cry in polit~cs is for a square deal, and that is just the Golden Rule .in different Janguage. I read this month in a newspaper-in a newspaper published in New York-that "the· moral sense of the country is in revolt against all kinds of extortionate business" and that it has rcceased to be right to make all the money orre can without regard to the future of the country." Everywhere I think I see signs of that spirit. Nobody asks for an equal division of the wealth or of anything else. It has been observed, and I think most Americans l1ave sympathy with the remark, that the two things that contribute most to make life an interesting experience are diversity of sex and disparity of means. Communism has no hold on our people. What they do want is a fair chance. They want to get at least as much as they are willing to give. They are quite 
1'he University Record 
willing that superior ability or forethought or thrift, or energy, 
or even luck shall gain a superior reward, but they want the game 
to be fair and 'the rewa:cd to be campatible with future rewards 
for other folks who may deserve them, now or hereafter. They 
don't want all the sources of reward to b.e cornered. They don't 
want any group or squad of men to monopolize or control the 
sources of wealth, or the law-making power. When they see that 
being done, they get uneasy and begin to mutter and are very apt 
to take unwise measures of prevention and say rash things and cast 
rash votes and pass rash laws. 
If they go too far they have to come back again, but the instinct 
is a sound instinct, whatever may be its ·faµlts of expression. It 
is the instinct that recognizes the true relations of men, that they 
belong to one another, not the many to the few, to have them 
and to hold them, but all men to all men, the strong to be the defense of the weak, the wise to be· the brains of the stupid; the great to be the fathers of the little. To keep the earth, in.so far as is consie.tent with progress and individual development and common sense, the heritage of all who dwell on it, that is the aim of the considerable politics of our day, as indeed it has always been a driving motive behind most politics that have had any 
very deep root in the soil ·of this country. 
One thing, then, that is worth while is to understand the rela­tions of men, both what they are and what they must be; in what rights and estates men must be rated equal; in what powers and circumstances and attributes they are bound always to be unequal; what inequalities it must be the aim of law and of teaching and ·of religion to correct and what are the necessary resultants of 
liberty and free will and must be left to the medication of the 
processes of nature and of time. 
And it is especially worth while that we, who live in a big community, separated by great distances from our brethren whose political and economical destinies are linked with ours, should understand how very like in their essential qualities, men are; how very like in their wants, their. aspirations, their reasonings and their individual differences and disparities are the men in Texas to the men in New York, and ~he men in Massachusetts to the men 
in California. Human nature has only one pattern, though there 
The Work of the ·winter Term 
are many varieties of it. American human nature is not only all of the same pattern, but there seem to be only two considerable variations of it which must be considered permanent. White and 
black are not to blend in this country, but in so far as I can see all the human strains may. In blood the blending does not come so very fast, except among the people that were originally of Teu­tonic or Anglo-Saxon derivation. But the blending of spirit, of understanding, of expectation is wonderfully rapid. ·Soil, food, and climate make their inevitable record on the bodies that they sus­tain; language, schools, customs, and laws shape minds, and there is something in the ain that touches and educates the spirit, teach­ing it with every inhalation new thoughts and new expectations about human life and the relations of men. 
What else is worth while? Money? Yes; undoubtedly money, 
or what we have in mind when we say money. "Give me neither poverty nor riches," says the sage. Letting riches alone, it takes money to avoid and abolish poverty-indeed, in these days of high prices it takes rather an embarrassing amount of it. Wealth, in one phase of it, is like accumulated life. . It is the accumulated fruits of labor, and that is the next thing to life. In wealth are the pos­sibilities of richer and fuller life, but only the possibilities. The fullness of life depends on whether the possibilities can be realized, and that of course depends upon the human factor. At the start man's struggle is for bare subsistence. The struggle is apt to be good for man. Out of the temperature of northern zones where the struggle has been hardest, the best race of men have come. But as the struggle begins to succeed, man, if he is good for much, ' and capable of high civilization, reaches out for something more than fmbf'tistenee. Civilization is the development of wants, and the satisfaction of most wants depends a good deal on wealth. 
There are wants whereof the satisfaction is mere indulgence, and there are others whose satisfaction means every kind of progress. Wealth facilitates education; the increase and spread of knowledge, the development of countries, the organization of the maintenance of human life, so that less labor will afford subsis­
tence, and more time and energy will be left for other.things. The wealth of a nation makes fon national progress of all sorts up to the point when too many people get lazy and want to live without 12 
The University Record 
work, and lose energy and power because they are not compelled to exert themselves. The wealth of an individual gives increased power to realize his thoughts, gives choice of occupation, time and means for extended undertakings, travel, leisure, health, sometimes because he can rest and buy wise advice and skillful care. Inci­dentally it gives him the opportunity to grow comfortably and slowly wor:thless, but that is an opportunity that he can usual1y avoid if he will. 
Money is worth while, and we all want a due portion of it,· so long as it means increased fulness of life. To live in a rich country is an advantage, because life is usually fuller there and opportuni­
ties are greater and more accessible. But money is only valuable as a means of prosecuting to better advantage this experi:ment of human life. If by getting money you get more and better life you are ahead on the transaction, but if you devote your life .to getting money, and get it, and nothing else, you hav~ made a bad bargain. . Your life was your great capital and you have swapped it for a perishable thing, that you can't take with you when you lay your life down. So let us not stake our whole lives on making money. IA-t us make some by all means if we can~m it, save it, add to the world's capital and your own-but k~p it where it belongs, the incident of work, not the end of living or even of work. A very moderate income, dillering according to circumstances, 
' time, and place, suffices t.o bring within the reach of any wise · man the most important opportunities that life· offers. Education nowadays and in thi~ country is easily come by. The poverty that grinds, and blights, and dwarfs, seems fairly easy to -avoid. , Who is diligent and temperate and is blessed with health and fair mental capacity, oughlt to get money enough for his needs and his development in this country. Because money is the con­venient measure of so many sorts of effort, we are apt t.o think of it as the great end of human endeavor. But that is a fallacy. There are great men who never get much money and pretty small men who get a great deal. It deP,ends ·a good deal on what they try for and what they are willing to pay for it. You can't imagine a man like Lincoln being willing to pay very high for money. He needed it, as we all do, worked diligently, took his pay when he could get it, lived simply and laid up something when he had any­
The Work of the Winter Term 
thing to lay up. But his mind was on other matters, far greater concerns, to which his time and energies were easily distracted from the earning of fees. 
There are people who seem fit to gather riches, some because that seems as profitable a use as any to make of their time. others because riches are a natural incident of valuable services that they have had the talent and the energy to rendE:r. It is the money-getting of the unfit that makes the scandals. The money 
the various kinds of gamblers get is simply diverted from other holders; the money the grafters get is stolen from the people; the money made out of franchises corruptly obtained is of the same sort. The patent medicine money has a very fragile claim to r.e­spect; the money made by skinning stockholders or policy-holders is dear at the price; and so, generally, is the profit that results from the transfer of worthless articles-be they stock, mines, patent medicines, tips, or what-for a valuable consideration. What we need to keep us straight in our money-getting enterprises is a high valuation of conduct .and character as compared with riches, and a sincere appreciation that it makes more for happi­ness to do good work especially if it is done for good pay, than to get hold of money without rendering a due equivalent. 
We are not so universally money-mad as we may seem. The 
elder Agassiz was not the only man in this country who ever 
felt that he h_ad not time to make money. The longing for riches 
is not universally a predominant passion. Thousand of men feel 
that money-getting is not primarily their calling, and would not 
leave the work they love and pay the price in time and concen­
trated effort if ever so good a chance was offered them of a for­
tune honestly won. The man in whom the. money-hunger is so 
strong and effectual that he is willing to devote his life to satisfy­
i!lg it is a very exceptional man. Most of us hate to save," and the 
·plea.sure or profit of the hour looks bigger to us than that of the 
'remote future. Moreover, to almost all the leading preachers, doctors, and schoolmasters, and to many of the editors, painters, architects, engineers, lawyer.s, and big politicians, money, though important, is a secondary consideration. They want to make a living, and much prefer that it . shall be a good one, but profes­-sional success and reputation is of more value to the::m than super­
The University Record 
fiuous riches. And why not? Is it ~ot a much more satisfying thing to be a living force, master of a great profession or a great art, or a public leader, than to be merely the possessor of riches? 
The great check on the value of riches to any man is that we human creatures have only one set of time, one body, one mind, and one soul, apiece. . We all, no matter what· our means are, have the use of twenty-fou11 hours, and no more, every day. .About eight hours we have to sleep. How we shall invest the other six­teen is the great problem of our lives. We can only do one set of things in any given period of time. If we have a million dol­lars a year, we can do things that we cannot do on one thousand, or ten, or twenty thousand a year. They will be different things, but there is no assurance at all that they will be better things or more entertaining, or more useful or improving. And we cannot do both. If we put in our one set of time in a million-dollar occu­pa'tion, we have to forego most of the thousand-dollar occupations. If we trail around Europe in an automobile, we .cannot be at home reading books, and ne\fspapers and the illuminating muck-rake stories in the 15-cent magazines, and working at our trade or in our garden, or talking to our friends. Our good friend with a million dollars a year cannot eat much more or better ·food, or drink much more or better drinks, than we can. If he does, he will be sorry. He can have more places to live in, and enormously more and handsomer appamtus of living, but he cannot live in more th1m one place at once, anq too much apparatus is a bother. He can make himself comfortable, and live healthfully. So can we. He can have all the leisure he wants, can go where he likes, and stay as long as he will. Perhaps he has the better of us there. We hav:e the better of him in having the daily excitement and dis­cipline of making a living. It's a great game-that game of mak­ing a living,-full of chances and hazards, hopes, surprises, thrills, disappointments, and satisfactions. Our million-a-year friend misses that. We may beat him in discipline, too. · We are apt to get, more than he does, the salutary discipline of steady work, of self-denial, of effort. That is enormously valuable to soul, body, and mind. He can't buy it. We get it thrown in with our daily bread. 
Education is worth while whether you think of it as the acquire­
The Work of the Winter Term 15 
ment of knowledge, or as training. It should include both, and usually it does. There are lots of different methods and processes of education, tapering down from the college and their supplemen­tary institution to that "experience" which Franklin said is such "a dear school, but fools will learn in no other and scarce in that." .In one school or another, including the great school of human experience, everyone of us is a pupil all our days. An.d indeed to learn and be trained seems to be the purpose of our whole experi­ment with life. I can't think of any other adequate reason for our being here. The whole of the world's progress seems to result from t.he accumulation of knowledge and the handing of it down from gene eration to generation. Men change slowly. It is hazardous to claim that they are abler or better now than men were as many thousand years ago as history reaches back to. But they un­doubtedly know more 11ow than they did then. There is more to know. More of truth has been discovered and revealed. Access to it is immeasurably freer and its diffusion is wonderfully accom­plished. The .great men of remote antiquity seem as great as our greatest-possibly greater, but we credit the average man of our day with being much more competent and knowing vastly more than the average man of two, three, five, seven thousand years ago. The great hope of the world is in the accumulation and diffusion of knowledge-including the better understanding of human re­lations which came to earth with Christianity-and its transmuta­tion into wisdom and power. What is education? To teach us how to live; to develop our powers ; to teach us to think ; to teach us to find our place in the world; to find out what to do and how to do it. Any process that accomplishes these things is education. We speak of a man who has been through a college as an "educated man." I won't quarrei with that use of the phrase, for it conveys an idea; but of course there are other processes of education besides those provided by the colleges and the schools. One such process is the period of military service required of most men in Germany and France and othen continental countries of Europe. We should hate to have such a requirement here, ,but it does give a valuable training in certain things,-in neatness; in responsibility, in respect for law 
16 The University Record 
and authority,--:--all things valuable to have, and no doubt it rouses and stimulates many _sluggish minds and bodies, and is a useful training for very many who undergo it, though for many more who don't require it, it may be wasteful of time. 
College education has made an enormous growth in extent and popularity in the last thirty years. Tbe American people . un-. doubtedly like it ancl mean to keep on with it. Now and then somebody denounces it, and all the time it is under criticism for not accomplishing what it should, and much of that is useful criti­cism. Men who have started young and poor in industrial or business life and by dint of diligence and natural abilities have come out rich, sometimes take a restricted and narrowly Q:i.dustrial view of life, and say that the colleges are of no use and spoil men for-practical work. One such person, Mr. Cran~ of Chicago, wal! quoted the other day as declaring in this strain that higher educa­tion co:;its the country at least a hundred million dollars a year, and that "this enormous sum is literally thrown away, much to the injury of the couniry and its people." It is quite enough to say that the people don't agree with Mr. Crane. They know better, and it should be added that out of the ranks of the boys who started in poor and early in industrial or business pursuits, ·and came out rich, have come very many of the most tireless and mu­nificent givers to the colle'ges and builders-up of universities. These men, having seen one side of life, "have learned to value the other sides of it. That is one reason for their gifts. The other is; that having a great superfluity of means and being anxious to bestow some of it where it will do good, the surest benefit they see that can be extended by gifts of money is education. 
I do not, myself, think that a college education is conducive to the acquirement of a large fortune, though it betters one's chances to make a decent living. But that ought to b~ rated as one of its good points, because huge fortunes are giving thought­ful people a good deal of anxiety these days. We are not afraid there will be too few of them, but, rather too many, and. anything that tends to restrict their number, and spread the wealth of the country out a little thinner, is so much gain. 
The aim of colleges is not to teach men to get rich, but rather to train them to be useful. They do that. They train in these 
The Work of the Winter Term 17 
days a remarkable proportion of extremely useful men, especially in public life, where sound thinking, truth-seeking, law-upholding men mm\t work and fight and win, if our great experiment in representative government is to succeed. 
And, now, is alcohol worth while? It is a question very much before the country in these times. 'fhere is no doubt that alcohol in its various potable forms, costs very dear. The drink bill is big. The damage bill which we look upon as a consequence is -enormous. There is a strong and wide-spread disposition to cut down both, and that unquestionably is sound. 
There is no use of talking about rum and such things as though man had in him little, simple, co-:ffee-mill works. He is no vege­table, nor even a simple animal, but a complicated and obstreper­ous machine_, and one of his valuable qualities is his capacity to be stimulated. The greatest stimulant that has been vouchsafed to him is woman, but he can also be stimulated by love, by hope, by religion, by knowledge, by avarice, by food, alcohol, tea, coffee, tobacco, and drugs. And so can woman. The more man can rely on her and on the spiritual and mental stimulants, the less need he will have of the more deleterious material ones. He must have food-some food. Tobacco has not been indicted yet, though I feel it may be any moment-tea and coffee are admitted to be good, so the main question is about alcohol and drugs. 
Does man need alcohol at all? I guess not. Man needs but little here below. It seemfl to me his need of alcohol gets less . and less of respectable endorsement every year. Less and less do people drink alcoholic beverages, or are such beverages recom­mended to . people, under the impression that they are good for them. Speaking by and large, alcohol seems not to be wholesome, though it may be considered to be of value as a drug-but some forms of it are pleasant to take and have a pleasant immediate ~ffect, and can be made by careful persons to add somewhat_ to the joy of living without exacting any serious penalty. 
Legislatures, it seems to me, should leave to men who are still .·ompos mentis reasonable discretion and freedom of choice as to whether, and when, and what, they shall drink, but should very earefully regulate their liberty to enrich themselves by the manu­facture and sale of intoxicants, and by inducing other folks to 
The University Record 
drink them. And it should favor the milder and less harmful beverages as compared with those that are less bulky and more potent. 
'rhe encouraging signs of our time anent drink are the increase of abstemiousness and even of abstinence, among the intelligent, the fair success of local option laws, and the refusal of employers to tolerate drinking among workers in employments of high re­sponsibility. Alcohol seems constantly to be better understood. Impatience with the mischief it does is increasingly deep and per­sistent, and efforts to abate those mischiefs is ceaseless. All that is encouraging and would be still more encouraging if the effort were more intelligent. _ 
Alcohol is not the root of all evil. That root is still the love of money as heretofore. They tell us alcohol is a poison. I dare say money is a poison alw. I have seen it work as though it were. 
Fatigue produces a poison in the body, so the learned doctors say; but we cannot get along without some of the poisons-not without some money and some fatigue. Whether the civilized world would be better off without any alcohol, I do not know. Philosophically speaking it may be of more use as an antidote to other poisons than we appreciate. Cocaine is worse. Opium is worse. Patent medicine is not much better. We can be sure, though, that our world is consuming a great deal more alcohol than is good for it, and would be better off with less. 
Just one more matter for consideration. Not that there are not many more topics, but there is not much more time. Are votes for women worth while? I don't know that that is yet an anxious subject in Texas; I 
rather hope it is not and will not be. But in New York, and especially in New York City, it has been made of recent months to seem rather urgent. It is not exactly man's business to decide it, though he and his vote constitute the machinery by which the decision will be made if it ever has to be made at all. Man's business, as it concerns woman, is to provide, in so far as lies in him, that she shall not regret being born into this world a woman and not a man. His concern is to see that she has, in so far as he can manage it, as full and satisfying .a life as he has himself, a life unlike his but not less richly endowed than his 
The Work of the Winter Term 
with the opportunity for full development. That responsibility man, in ordinary circumstances, takes with a good deal of philoso­phy, being much di~posed to get all he can, and let woman help herself to such a share of it as she is inclined to convert to her use. This method seems to work pretty well. I think the great majority of American women are still as nearly satisfied with it as they hope to be with things in this world. But a consider­able fraction of the women in England and a very active if not very considerable fraction of them ~n my part of this country, insist nowadays that their life is not as full nor their opportunities as ample as they should be, and that these won't be until woman gets the right to vote. 
This disposition, when it has gone on long enough and lieen expounded with sufficient vigor on enough platforms and in enough newspapers, tends after a while to make man a bit uneasy, and bring him into the condition of continually taking stock of him­self and his belongings to see :what he has got that woman wants, and whether he has got enough-whether the!e is enough in life to satisfy her. · 
For every wise man knows that one of the things most worth while is to command the iictive, willing, and intelligent co-opera­tion of women in the maniigement of human affairs. He must love it. '!'here is no price, consistent with human progress and the persistence of humanity, tha.t is too great for him to pay for it. If woman ought to have an immediate, instead of an indirect, share of political power, of course it is on.ly a matter of time when American women will ha.ve it. In the long run, nothing that they want is going to be denied them, that is in the gift of American men. 
There is no very widespread persuasion of the infallibility of man, but there is no doubt at all of the mutual interdependence of men and women. They do the world's work between them, di­viding it according to their especial gifts and capacities. Between them the voting is going to be done, for the benefit of both, and to my mind it doesn't matter very much whether the men do it all, or the women do a part of it. Either way the real rulers of the world, men and women, will rule it, and the real shapers of its destinies, men and women, will shape them. 
The University Record · 
I confess to being more in sympathy with the women who pre­fer not to vote than with those who want to. Perhaps I flatter man, but it seems to me he is rational rather more days in the year than woman is, and so a little more reliable as a voter. But that is of no great consequence. I observe that every modem · father wants to bring it about that his daughter shall be in the most possible degree the arbiter of her own fate. He wants her to be a free woman, and to have, somehow, everything that is good for her, and, if necessary, to be able to get it for herself. If she marries he wants her marriage to be an equal partnership. _ 'l'he whole theory of the relations of men and women is nowadays very much under scrutiny and is sharply assailed by critics. If that troubles us, our best solace is likely to be found in the reflec­tion that, after all, it does not matter so very much about theoriea on that subject, because Nature is deeply concerned in it, and is not very polite to theories. If they go the way she is travelling, they succeed: if they cross her path, they get run over. 'l'he man and woman question, and all its theories and modification8 are in the keeping of Nature as heretofore, and· there they will remain whether woman votes or not. 
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THE OXFORD SYSTEM OF EDUCATION 
BY STANLEY ROYAL ASHBY, U. A., INSTRUC'fOR IN ENGLISH 
~early six years _ago, when the writer of this paper was ::;itting 
in the Regents' room of the University of Texas, waiting, with several ·others, for the first questions of the Rhodes scholarship ex­amination to be handed to him, Dr. Fay, who was cone.acting the examination, addre8sed a few words to the little group of candidates. Among other remarks, he expressed the hope that whoever was fortunate enough to be chosen as the first Rhodes scholar from Texas, would return and give the people of his own University some idea of Oxford since he had never known anyone who possessed more than the vaguest notions concerning it. Since the writer was the fortunate man, the pleasure of granting this request and similar requests from a few other people, falls to his lot. In the following pages, he will give as clearly as he can a description of the Oxford system of university education, and he will confine himself fairly close to this theme, referring the reader who wishes a lively account of the student life in the . romantic precincts of Oxford to the hundreds of other books and 
articles on the subject. 
/ One of the most striking peculiarities of the University of 
Oxford, and one .that must be . thoroughly understood by the 
stranger if he is to comprehend many other things, is the relation 
of the colleges to the University. Oxford University is composed 
of twenty-two colleges. Each of these colleges is an independent 
corporation, occupying separate buildings, providing for its own 
gove.mment, possessing and managing its own property, enforc­
ing its own discipline, and providing for the instruction of its 
own members. Each college, too, enforces its own entrance require­
ments, a fact that may appear to some people sufficiently peculiar 
when they are informed that college membership carries with it, 
ipso facto, membership in the University. There is, it is true, 
one other way in which a man may enter the University, and that 
is by becoming a member of the body of non-collegiate students, . 
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but these students are· so few in number that they are compara­tively a negligible quantity. 
'rhe University itself is an organization that exists mainly for the holding of examinations, the conferring of degrees, and the management of a few large features of the body corporate that 
are enjoyed by the members in common, such as libraries, labora­tories, etc. The rather abstract nature of the University is touched upon in one of the many jokes on the American tourist current at Oxford, wherein the unsophisticated Yankee is made to ask how far it is from the riiilway station to the University-a question that appeals to the Oxonian as delightfully absurd, es­pecially as the college buildings themselves are scattered all over the city, some in the heart of the business section, others almost on the outskirts. 
But possibly the most important point to be borne in mind by one 'investigating the Oxford system, is the fact that the Univer­sity is essentially an undergraduate institution. The vast ma­jority of the students work for the B. A. and M. A.. ·degrees, and when they have secured these degrees, they crave no other handle to their names.. at least of an academic sort. Indeed, the method of proredure that results in the Oxford B. A.., is pre­eminently the basic part of the Oxford mill; it is the training without which one may hardly be said to obtain the true. flavor of an Oxford education. Besides, the B. A. is prerequisite to the l\f. A., and it is only those people who hold the Oxford M. A.. degree that have any voice in the democratic government of the University. There are other bachelor degrees, it is true, such as the Bachelor of Literature and Bachelor of Civil Law, but they are nre a.U advanced or research degrees and do not lead to tbs M. A.. Following the advanced bachelor degrees are, in most cases, the corresponding doctorates. But since the work for 
these higher degrees affords no striking peculiarities, and since the work for the B. A. is of such preponderating importance, our discussion of the Oxford system will deal almQst entirely with the procedure resulting in this B. A. degree. 
To secure the B. A. at Oxford it is necessary, for one thing, to have twelve terms--or, in other words, three years-of resi­dence to one's credit. This does not mean that one must neces­
The Work of the Winter Term 
sarily reside within the college walls for three years, but it means that during this -period one must be a member of his college, must live in quarters approved by the college authorities if not actually in the college buildings, must pay all the required fees, and must be subject to the rules a.nd supervision of his college, it being understood, of course, that the student is perfectly free during vacations. The other requirement-not to mention fees ad infinitum-is the passing of three University examinations: first, the entrance examination, officially termed Responsions but popularly called "smalls," which, by the way, is frequently not taken until after a student has bten allowed to reside in ,college, for several terms; next, the }'irst Public Examination, popularly called "Moderations," or "Mods," for short; and, lastly, the Sec­ond Public Examination, usually spoken of as the "Finals" or the "Schools." (Once the B. A. is secured, the M. A. follows naturally about four years later, provided certain fees are paid, no further work of any sort or description being required. The 
M. A. may even be taken in absentia.) 
Of the.First and Second Public Examinationi>, which we shall call l\foderations and .Finals, there are two distinct types: there are Pass and .Honor Moderations, and Pass and Honor Finals. The Pass examinations are comparatively easy, and confer little credit upon the person who undergoes them successfully; indeed, as the name indicatee, they merely give a man a pass. The Honor examinations. 
on the other hand, are sufficiently difficult, and the student's success therein is measured by a graduated system of Honors-first, second, third, and fourth. · Strangely enough, the stu~ent is left almost entirely free--except at some_colleges where only Honor students are accepted-to decide whether he will se­cure his B. A. degree by taking Pass examinations or Honor ex­aminations. He may even combine the two, if he likes, taking Pass Moderations and Honor Finals, or Honor Moderations and Pass Finals. The former of these combinations was adopted by most of the Rhodes scholars, including myself, for few of us cared for the thorough drubbing in the classics that one gets in Honor Moderations, and three years is not sufficient time for the pa11sing of both Hoiior examinations. 
It will be impossible, in the. space at my command, to give 
~ l 
24 The Unive?·sity Record 
the reader a thorough understanding of the nature of these exam­inations, but I can give him a few general ideas concerning them.All examinations, be it undel'i::tood at the beginning, are dividedinto two parts-a written and an oral part. 'J'he oral part, calledthe i•iva voce_. which occurs sometimes a few days and sometimesa few months after the written ordeal, is a sufficiently discomfit­ing performance. On such occasions, the uneasy student mustface three or four impressive dons in cap and gown, and bequizzed from twenty seconds to an hour, according to the dubious­ness of his case, on points concerning which he showed weaknessin the papers handed in. It is said, however, that a viva neverlowers one's grade, though it may raise it.Responsions ·is an easy entrance examination in the classicsand mathematics. A fair knowledge of Cicero and Xenophon,of Latin and Greek grammar, and of arithmetic and algebra issufficient ordinarily to pull one th:ough. But this mild test issupplemented in many of the colleges by an examination in oneor two additional subjects, which the · applicant for. admission toa college must pass,. in order to satisfy the requirements of hiscollege, after having satisfied the requirements of the University.'l'he student is now left in peace by the University examinersuntil he is ready to take his Moderations. Pass Moderations maybe taken as early as the end of the student's second term. Thisis an examination on three specified books (one Latin and twoGreek, or two Latin and one Greek), on logic or algebra andgeometry, on translation of English into Latin, on translationfrom Greek and Latin books not specially prepared. HonorModerations is a vastly more formidable ordeal. It occurs inthe second term of the student's year. It stands for by far thegreater part of ·the training that Oxford gives in the classicallanguages and also for a fairly_ thorough study of the classicsfrom a literary point of view. It is attempted usually by onlythe more able students, and the degree of success that they attaintherein-that is to say, first, second, third, or fourth Honors, orfailure-becomes a source of pride or regret for the rest of theirlives. There are, by the way, two substi~utes for Moderations,­namely, the Preliminary Examination in Jurisprudence and thePreliminary Examination in Natural Science,-but lack of spaceforbids a description of them here. But whether the student 
The Work of the Winter Term 25 
takes Pass or Honor Moderations or the two substitutes just men­tioned, he must undergo that anachronistic test which is a part oi each and is the same ior e~h,-the Examination in Holy · Scripture. This strange survival of earlier centuries-preserved 
possibly on account of the fee of one pound that each victim must cast into the inadequately filled University chest-required in my day the ability to translate the Greek texts of Matthew and John, and a familiarity with the subject matter of these two Gospels and 'of the Acts of the Apostles. After the Oxonian has put his Moderations behind him, he is ready to begin work for his last examination, his Finals. Th'1 work for this examination comprises the student's chief business at Oxford, and covers ordinarily a period of two or three years. The scope and character of the work are determined entirely by the examination. Pass Finals are really three examinations in one, for the candi­date is examined at different times-or at the same time, if he chooses-in three "subjects." These "subjects" correspond more or less closely to. what we call "courses" at the University of Texas, though the work in one "subject" is as extensive as the work in two to four courses at our own University. Since these "subjects" are chosen from four prescribed ·Groups of "subjects," Pass Finals are popularly called "Groups." Groups, obviously, are not a difficult series of examinations. Indeed, the good stu­dent should :find .it rather easy going to travel to an Oxford B. 
A. degree by the · Groups highway, though it is a fact that not a few dull and trifling wayfarers on this easy road lose heart, and fail to reach their journey's end. If, however, the candidate for an Oxford B. A. chooses to reach his goal by the Honor route, he has a very much longer and more difficult road to travel, and will do well if he finally arrives not much the worse for wear and tear. Leading to the Honor Finals are the nine Honor Schools, which are as follows: Classical Studies (called Literre Rumaniores or "Greats"), Mod­ern History, J urisprndence, Theology, Natural Science, Mathe­matics, Oriental Languages, English Language and Literature, 
and Modern Languages. (The term school here, be it noted, does not mean a building or institution, or even a department.) Each 
26 'The University Record 
of these Honor Schools is a rather comprehensive, prescribedcourse of study in one subject. But the important point to ob­serve, the pojnt that seems 8o unusual to many of us Americans,
is the fact that the candidate for a;n Honor degi:ee takes onlyone of these Schools, and, consequently, only one of the FinalHonor examinations. For instance, when a student has passedModerations and enters the School of Modern History, he directs
all his labors, during the remaining two or three years of hisundergracluate life at Oxford, toward the passing of the one Honorexamination in Modern History, the scope and character of whichare mfficiently advertised. 
He must stick to his bush strictly,for this will give him more than enough to do. If he spendsvaluable time in gathering a bit of fruit here and there from
other alluring bushes in the neighborhood, he does so at his peril.Indeed, the specialization which is required in the preparation
for an Honor B. A. degree is one of the most characteristic and,at the same time, one of the most effective features of the Oxford
system. 
The method of in~truction at Oxford offers equally as many
surprises for the American as does the examination system. The
instruction is carried on by means of tutors and lecturers, these
terms being here used in a loose way, with reference to the ser­vices performed by the gentlemen, and not as specific titles, which
may be fellow, tutor, reader, or professor, and for any of whichmay be substituted the general term don. 
Frequently the same
teacher both lectures and does tutorial work; even University

professors sometimes do tutoring.
Before the student has passed his First Public Examination­
Moderations or a substitute for them,-he is not usually assigned
to any special tutor; the senior tutor of his college supervises his
work, and, incidentally, his life. 
During this period he is requiredto attend certain lectures bearing on the work for his examination,and, li.ke the American undergraduate, is usually required toprepare regular lessons for some of the lecturers and to submit
to questioning in class. 
But after the passing of Moderations
all "class-room work_,'' as we understand it, ceases. 
Henceforthhe does the reading and writing required of him by his tutor, towhom he goes for advice and instruction, and he attends many 
The Work of the Winter Term 27 
lectures, but he is almost never required to go through the ordeal of a class recitation. If he seeks for a Pass degree, he continues to do his work mainly under the supervision of the senior tutor of his college. If he is working for an Honor degree, he is as­signed to a special tutor, who remains his tutor until he takes his degree. Usually he is assigned to the college tutor for his ' particular Honor School, but if, as occasionally happens, his college has no tutor for the Honor School that he has chosen, it pays the proper kind of tutor of some other college to act in 
this capacity. For instance, when I was at Oxford, my own col­. lege, Merton, had no tutor for the School of English Language 
and Literature, the School in which I chose to take my degree; so it arranged that Mr. E. de Selincourt, of University College, 11 specialist in the work of my School, should be my tutor. The tutor has the entire supervision of the student's work. He has the student-sometimes alone, and sometimes in company with several others who are pursuing the same kind of work,­meet him in a personal conference of an hour's duration at a stated time once · a week. At these conferences he advises the student in regard to his reading, tells him what lectures to attend, and usually has h1m read or hand in.an essay on some topic as­signed at a previous meeting. These essays written for the tutor are a very important and effective part of the work. They always deal with some important point connected with that particular stage of the work pursued by tpe student ·at that particular time, and form the bases of discussion at these tutorial conferences. They are criticized in respect to both the value of the material and the effectiveness of its presentation, and it is in dealing with these that the tutor secures his strongest hold on his pupil. The lectures at Oxford are of two distinct classes,-Pass lec­tures and Hon,or lectures,-being designed to afford preparation for the Pass and Honor examinations respectively. The Pass lectures, as a general thing, are solely for the benefit of the mem­bers of the college in which they are delivered. The Honor lec­tures, on the other hand, are, with few exceptions, open to all the members of the University without restriction, so that a student of one college may attend.what lectures he pleases at the other colleges. It frequently happens that for long periods a· student 
28 The Unt1:ersity Record 
has no lectures at all in his own college, but goes now to Oriel
for one, now to Christ Church for another, now to Worcester
for a third, and so on_, as the case may bf:. 
The delivering of theselectures has been reduced to a system, which is supervised by, central authority in ::mch a manner as to prevent overlapping andto insure that no essential part of the work is neglected. TheHonor lectures may be divided into two classes, those delivered bythe various college dons, and those delivered by the University
professors, the former class being much the more numerous of
the two, since the University professorships are a comparatively
recent innovation; but as far as the student is concerned, this
a.istinction between the two classes of lectures is of no practical
moment. Attendance at lectures is not compulsory, and sincethe lecturers rarely employ any. effective means of determiningwhat students are attending their lectures, roll-call being Jllmostunheard ·of, and the regulation cap and gown of the Oxonianl·eing deemed sufficient passport for admission, the student inaypractically do as he likes about attending, without his tutor orthe authorities of his college being any the wiser. 
Ten lecturesof an hour each are the average weekly program, though theshirker may considerably reduce this number, or possibly abolishit, and even the hard-working student may sometl.mes find itmore profitable-especially during that terrible period just beforethe final examinations-to stay at home and work.
But more important perhaps than tutorial instruction and at­tendance at lectures, as a factor in the student's training, is theynforced practice ·of wide reading. This reading, of course, mayhe considered to some extent a part of the tutorial instruction,as it is the tutor's duty to give what help he can in recommendingbooks, but since so much depends upon it in the Oxford scheme
of things, .it deserves a ·few separate remarks. The Oxford
phra~e, "to read for a degree," is very significant, for that is
E-xactly what one does there. 
Tutors and lecturers, with their eyeson the examination requirements, serve to give one me1'.ely tlieoutline of his work, which must be filled in by wide reading RD.d,in the case of an Honor student, by very wide reading indeed.l>ut the social amenities of Oxford life and the short terms do
not permit the student while actually in college to accomplish 
The Work of the Winter Term 
half the reading that he finds it necessary to accomplish in order to give a g~od account of himself in the final examination. The vacations, however, being very long-six weeks in December and .January, five. weeks in the spring, and sixteen weeks in the sum­mer-afford a much better opportunity for reading, and the wise student takes advantage of it. In fact, the tutor practically forcr3 this reading upon the student, for at the beginning of each vaca­tion J:ie assigns certain books to be read during that period, and at the beginning of the next term gives him what we should call a "written quiz," but what Oxonians very appropriately call "collections," on these books. Thus do Oxford 'ltudent;; contract the reading habit, which, I am sure, stays with many of them for the rest of their days. 
Such, in brief, are the most prominent features ·of the Oxford undergraduate system. 'l'he reader may now be interested in re­ceiving .some first-hand observations as to the actual workings of this system, though I feel sure that most of the University people who will see these pages could figure out for themselves many of its advantages and disadvantages. 
The division of Oxford into virtually two Universities by the distinction between the Pass and Honor Schools may seem at first sight as abeurd as it is different from anything that obtains in this country. For obviously this arrangement entails the grant­ing of the B. A. degree as a reward for fulfilling one or the other of two sets of requirements, differing from each other most strik­ingly in thoroughness. As a matter of fact, however, it is not the same B. A. degree, ·for although Oxford makes no distinction in the g~anting of it, the manner in which any particular gradu­ate has obtained his B. A. never remains a secret long for those who care to know about it, and makes all the difference in the world when his advancement depends upon his scholastic record. Really this division of the University into two parts has important advantages. In an article in the Dallas' N cws several years ago, I summed up the matter as follows :-"'rhe Oxford Pass Schools_. unworthy of admiration though they may be, serve a very excel­~ent purpose. They provide for that large class of stupid or easy­going students who desire to live in the cultured, sociable, and inspiring atmosphere of Oxford for a few years, without doing 
30 The University Record 
any work that might with justice be called scholarly. This class,of course, can not be kept out of any university, English orAmerican, and, in fact, they are so numerous at Oxford as to con­vey a very erroneous impression of the industry of Oxford menin general to the observer who does not know the distinctionbetween Pass and Honor Schools. But Oxford shows wisdom inmaking a special provision .for these unpromising people, sincein this way the better men are cut off from the scholastic associ­ation with the worse ones. The Honor Schools are provided formen who have more than a mere assimilative capacity for facts,who have the ability to bring personality, originality, and credit­able reasoning powers to bear upon their work, and who havea more than ordinary desire to do well ; moreover, these HonorSchools, through their flexibility, through the high grade of workdemanded, and through their system of graduation Honors­first, second, third, and fourth-give every opportunity and everystimulus to brilliant work."The infrequency of examinations at Oxford has its disadYan­tages. It is certaintly true that when one finishes his Moderationsand realizes that he has only one more examination between himand his degree--an examination, moreover, that is not to occurfor . two or three years,-he is tempted to procrastinate. Examin­ations seem a far-off, hazy something, troublesome, of course, andto be urgently considered some day~ but not to be allowed forthe present to interfere with rowing or hockey, or to impair theserenity of long, lazy chats, in soothing, tobacco-laden atmosphere,after tea. When the unwary Oxonian yields too recklessly to thistemptation, he may as a consequence be "ploughed in theSchools," -in other words, fail in the final examination,-or hemay possibly work so feverishly during those last weary monthsbefore the dread ordeal as seriously to endanger is health. Butsafeguards to prevent this sort of thing are, by no means, lacking.The "collections," or written tests, that occur at least once a term,usually at the beginning, serve to show the tutor how well or how .poorly the student is employing his time, and if the latter's per­formance on several of such occasions is unsatisfactory, there isdanger of his being "sent down" (local parlance for "sent home"),and he realizes the danger. And tutors have still other ways of 
The Work of the Winter Term 
"keeping tab" on one's industry. But even if we grant the danger of fatal procrastination, the advantages derived from this system · of few examinations more than make up for it. The fact that there is only one examination to test a student on what he has learned during the two or three years that he has spent in work­ing in an Oxford Honor School, is, to my mind, one of Oxford's strongest points. For surely an examination that forces the student to gather together such a large amount of material, and to classify it and to understand both the larger relations and the essential details, so that he may be prepared to answer any reasonable question at any time, insures a comprehen­sive grasp of a subject, and a grasp that will be apt to hold. Cramming is discouraged because it is almost futile. It is easy enough sometimes to memorize a sufficient number of facts con­nected with a mere fraction of one's subject to enable one to pass a creditable examination on it on short notice, as so many of our American students have discovered, but hasty preparation is a poor staff to lean upon at Oxford. The Oxford student finds that his only hope of success lies in his repeatedly covering much the same ground from as many different points of view as possi­ble, with special reference to the inter-relation of facts, till his knowledge bids fair to become, not something that to-day is and tomorrow is not, but a permanent and vital part of him. 
'fhe degree of specialization imposed upon the student who takes an Honor -B. A. at Oxford has been much critioized, but may easily be defended. It is tme that such a student spends the last two or three years of his course in working in a single Honor School to prepare himself for a single examination, but it is not true that he specializes in any very narrow sense. The subject of each Honor School is studied in a very broad and comprehensive way. The School of English Language and Lit­erature, for instance, although laying special emphasis upon cer­tain important parts of the subject for the sake of thoroughness, embraces an historical stu{ly of the language from Indo-Germanic to Modern English, and requires that the· student should be reasonably well-informed in regard to the whole field of English I1iterature. Moreover, many of the literary works are to be studied-to quote the language of the Examination Statutes­
32 
The University Record 
"in their relation to the history and thought of the period to which they belong." French and German, t.oo, are so helpful in a study of English philology that the earnest student is inclined to secure some knowle<lge of these languages. Old French phil­ology, in fact, is among the special subjects for this School, one of which subjects must be chosen by each candidate who aims at firE<t or second Honors. Surely this is no narrow specialization. I1 is simply an example of the Oxford idea that it is better to do one thing well than to do many things superficially. And the success which in the course of centurits has attended so many men who are the products of this system, while proving nothing, is calculated to make one question somewhat the wisdom of our American fasliion of allowing a student, though perhaps not encouraging him, t.o put 
• 	his education together like a crazy quilt, thus insuring that he will not long remain familiar with any single patch of it. But perhaps the best .reply that can be made to a criticism of Oxford specialization, is to point out the fact that the Oxonian scholar begins his specializing just a few years earlier than the American. As an undergraduate, working for his B. A., he confines his work to a single field in a manner very similar to that of the American who con~entrates his efforts after he has won his B. A. and is striving f~r his Ph. D. 
But the most characteristic feature of the Oxford machinery af education is the tutorial system. The chief virtue and the ehief weakness of this system lie in the same _feature,-the per­sonal influence of the tut.or. If the tutor be a man who, on ac­eount of an attractive personality or contagious enthusiasm or an exacting disposition or what not, stimulates his pupil t.o do bis best, he may give this pupil a lasting impetus that our own :system of conflicting and imperfectly exercised influences can­not be depended upon to give. (And right here allow me to assert that the extremely successful tutor is not necessarily a profound scholar.) But if, on the other hand, the tutor be a man of obviously imperfect training, of disagreeable or unen­thusiastic disposition, he may do no. end of harm; he may even dishearten his pµpil to su<;h an extent · as to cause abandonment of work or ultimate failure. And one's tutorial fate, be it ob­served, is made especially important by the fact that the student 
'l.'he Worlc of the Winter Term 
is doomed to submit to the same influence throughout the whole of his two or three years' work in an Honor School, since a change of tutor can be arranged, as a rule, only with difficulty and unpleasantness. Anc1 this influence is exercised not only in hours of conference, but also in sociable hours at the tutor's dinner table or over his tea cups, for Oxford tutors rarely fail to extend to their pupils the · hospitality of their homes. Such being the situation, it is natural that one should be induced to go to Oxford on the chance of coming into. intimate contact with some of the many great personalities there, especially since it is frequently possible to arrange to have -the tutor of one's choice. 
But there are advantages of the tutorial system not directly dependent upon the personality of the tutor. The discussions that take place in regular conference hours are of an informal character, and since they usually take place in the tutor's private sitting-room or library, with him alone or with the additional company of two or three other students, whom one gets to know very well, the discouraging impressiveness of a big class-room is lacking, and the student finds it much more easy to talk. In­deed, the spontaneity of the discussions is often such that they are continued by the stnderits in hours of relaxation, without any consciousness of "talking shop," a thing rather rare in American universities, where one's studies are considered tiresome matters, divorced from ordinary experience and not to be thought of except wh~m one is working. Even if the Oxford student does not care to taik in conference, he cannot well avoid doing so, for, unlike his American cousin, who can sit on the edge of a crowd and meet or parry once or twice a week an isolated question that interrupts for a few seconds his football meditations, he. is one of a very small group before the fire, and must take a creditable part in the conversation or have the humiliation of being shown up before his friends. But perhaps the best feature of these dis­cussions lies in their tendency to digress. They ordinarily begin with the reading of one of the essays prepared for that day, but remarks that start with Cromwell may wander to William the Con­queror or even to Napoleon for purposes of comparison, so that the student is frequently reminded that he should be familiar with 
34 The University Record · 
the whole field of his work, as well as with that particular por­tion selected for his immediate attention,-in other words, that he should continue to know whatever he has known. 
My remarks thus far have dealt entirely with the Oxford nn-. dergraduate work leading to the R A. degree, for, as I have observed elsewhere, it is this part of the system that differs most widely from American methods, and hence needs most explanation for American readers, and, moreover, it is this that is the chief concern of the University. We must not, however. neglect the graduate wol'k entirely. 'J'here is nothing at Oxford that could precisely be called a graduate school, but the requirements for the research of degrees of Bachelor of Literature and Bachelor of Science and their corresponding doctorates, produce practi­cally an equivalent. A student's work for one of these degrees must be pursued "under the direction of a committee of two, one of whom is usually a Professor, appointed by the Board of Faculty to which his subject belongs." In addition to the residence requirement of eight University Terms ( i. e. two years), he must first have "sat­isfied the Board of Faculty, by examination only, or by submitting a dissertation, which, if approved, is necessarily followed by a viva voce examination. . The Board may further require the can­didate to publish his dissertion or some part of it.' "1 This work may be aided to some extent by the more advanced lectures in the Honor Schools leading to the B. A., and by small classes in the nature of seminars, which Professors have always shown them­selves rea<ly to ofganize, whenever the demand manifested itself; but there is little or nothing in the way of lectures especially designed for the graduate student. Such a student must depend mainly upon the instruction and guidance of the committee ap~ pointed to direct him, and upon his own investigations. In mak­ing these investigations, fortunately, he has a rich field in which to work-the splendid .museums and libraries of Oxford. The most important among the museums are the Ashmolean Museum and the University Museum, the latter being especially well equipped with material for scientific study. (It might be noted, too, that the British Museum, probably the greatest in the world, 
'8cholz nnd Hornbeck, Orcf()rd and the Rhodes Scholar.~hips, Oxford, Hl07, p. RB. 
The Work of the Winter Term 
is only a two-ho'u.rs journey from Oxford.) As for libraries, the magnificent Bodeleian, with its 600,000 bound volumes of printed works, :md about 30,000 bound volumes of manuscripts, the Rad­cliff Camera, containing a copy of nearly every English book pub­lished since 1851, and the various college libraries, some of which are extremely old and contain many rare books, and all of which are easy of access to the Oxford student, afford almost unequalled facilities for research work. The old Oxford ideals of culture and polite learning have been but imperfectly in accord with the modP.rn professional, technical, scientific, or specializing spirit, but the University is yielding somewhat to the tendencies of the times, and may gradually come to use its splendid resources of material and scholarly men more systematically and effectively 
in the interest of research. 
But tutors, lectures, degrees, libraries, and other formal edu­
cational cimtrivances are not the only things at Oxford tirnt tend 
to make the student a more worthy member of the human species. 
No discussion of' the University would be complete without some 
comment on the student "life," for this is considered an integral 
part of the training, and by many Englishmen, without any dis­
paragement of Oxford scholarship, it is considered the most im­
portant part. To understand this high regard for the Oxford 
life, it is necessary to ·realize two things. In the first place, the 
young Englishman is sent to Oxford, not, as a general rule, in 
order that he may acquire learning with which to earn hig living 
-for, in most cases. 
he does not need to earn it in that way if 
he earns it at all,-but in order that he may emerge from the 
expel"ience an example of the approved type of Engl~sh gentle­
man. 'rhe ideal is not usually a commercial or a practical one, 
as it is with us Americam, but it is more often an ideal of mental 
enrichmimt, character development, and social polisl,i. In the sec­
.ond place, the beauty of the ancient city, hardly suspassed anywhere 
in the world, the many memorials of a past that seems almost 
alive in such a quiet Old World retreat, and the traditions and 
customs that have been ·religiously preserved t~rough six or seven 
centuries, all combine to give the life a potent and peculiar in­
fluence that many are eager to experience. 
Fortunately, at Oxford the living of "the life" is not easy to 
36 The University Record 
avoid. At least two years of the student's residence there arespent actually within the mouldering, impressive walls of thecollege, perhaps in rooms that Shelley occupied, possibly in thoseof Gladstone. Even before he is settled in his two comfortablerooms (a "sitter" and a "bedder''), his fellow-students begin tolook in upon him, especially the upper-classmen, who invite himaround to breakfast, luncheon, tea, or what not. Dinner, it shouldbe noted, is the only meal served in the big dining-hall to allthe students together: the other three meals just mentioned areserved in the individual student's sitting-room, either to himttelfalone or to hi.m and such guests as he may choose to invite. Thisarrangement provides ample opportunity for hospitality-if onecan afford to run up a big bill at the college kitchen,-andOxford hospitality is perhaps unequalled, it being extended to thestudents liberally even by the college dons. Freshmen are notexpected to return the hospitality of the upper-classmen and dons;in fact, they are expected not to, and an attempt to acknowledgesuch favors by anything more than the required call is sometimesmet with a brusque response. But freshmen, after they havebecome acquainted with one another, -at the boards -of "theirbetters," are expected to exchange hospitality among themselves.Thus it is that the newcomer·in college, if he yields to the in­fluences about him, finds himself living the social life of his col­lege almost before he knows it, learning how to play the host,falling into the ways of the most l;lpproved type of English gen­tlemen, and rubbing elbows with men who may some day, perhaps,take a prominent part in-the-affairs of the British Empire.·If he resists these friendly advances, he may be subjected toles.s considerate treatment_, or-what is worse, when ·one is throwneonstantly with his fellows,-be left severely alone. At night theouter gates are s.ecurely fastened, and although one always ·has the liberty of the spacious quadrangles, the members of the collegeare shut up to themsehe~, and must bear with one another. It-is usually difficult to be a recluse. If one "sports his oak" (thatis to say, locks his own door), he is considered no sportsman, andmay have his "oak'' smashed in by· indignant prowlers. · If hemakes himself serioue.ly unpopular by persevering in this dispos·i­tion to hep aloof from his fellows and their activities, even more 
The Work of the Winte1· Term 
distressing things may happen to him; his room may be "ragged" ~his bed drenched with ·water, for instance, or some of his furni­ture thrown 1nto the quadrangle. 
Snch unfriendly treatment is most frequently accorded to those men who decline t.o take any part in _the athletics of their college. At Oxford no other kind of aloofness is so keenly resented as this. Since the various colleges are so small, having from less than a hundred to three hundred students, and s]nce each college 
strives to put out a winning crew on the river and winning teams in Rugby football, association football, hockey, cricket, tennis, and sometimes still other sports, there are very few men to spare, and each one is expected to "come out" in the afternoon and do his best at something. l£ he fails to win a place on the team the first year, he is expected to keep on trying, for the idea is that some day he may prove to be of some use. As a matter of fact. only a small proportion of the students manifest any disinclina­tion to take advantage of their athletic opportunities. Several times a week nearly every Oxford undergraduate hies him away cheerfully to the river or to some beautiful, turf-covered athletic grounds, feeling pretty certain of having the fun of a good game whether he plays on the team or not. Obviously this division of the University into twenty-two different colleges, each having its own teams and athletic grounds, gives Oxford an immense ad-· vantage over American universities from the point of view of athletics. Not only does it give practically every student a chance to play, and this is the important thing, but it also provides more material for the big teams that represent Oxford, since the best players on the college teams are picked out to form ateam worthy to uphold the prestige of the whole University against Cambridge and other old-time riva]s. One other point in favor o-f Oxford athletici::, as compared with the type often found in our own conn· 
try, is the spirit in which the men play the game. This point has often been mentioned to American students and perhaps almost as often doubted, but the. observations of the writer have convinced him that the Englishman, as a rule, is not nearly so apt to let his. desire to win the game interfere with his strict ob­servance of fair play, as his American cousin. 
These, then, are some of the most noteworthy features of the 
38 The University Record 
educational ;;ystem of Oxford University, a very ancient, cele­brated, and complicated institution which most Americans findit difficult to understand. If I have given the very limited circleof readers who will see this paper a somewhat clearer idea ofOxford, I shall have achieved all I hoped to achieve. I have nothoped to convert the teachers of the University of Texas to the
Oxford ideas of education, for while some of the features of thesystem might possibly be put into operation here to advantage,many of them are not suited to the conditions that obtain allover this new and practical country of ours. Least of all havel hoped adequately to account for the profound and lasting im­pression that Oxford makes upon its students or to account forthe almo!'lt unparalleled hold it has upon their affections, for onemust himself be a student there to understand or, more correctly,to feel such things as these. 
The Work of the Winter Term 39 
THE UNIVERSITY 
GENERAL NOTES 
January 3: Registration Day. Classes begin. January 8: Examinations for Advanced Standing and for Removal of Calendar Conditions. of the Winter Term January 11-12 : Meeting of the Board of Regents at at Auaitn Austin. January 18: Election of Final Ball President. Janu11-ry 22: Inter-society Debate. Freshman edition of The Texan ap­pears. Memorial Exercises in honor of Dr. W. T. Harris. February 1 : The Germania Club presents Der N etfe als Onkel. February 2: Madame Sembnich sings ~n the Auditorium under the auspices of the Matinee Musical Club. February 5: Texas plays Baylor at basket-ball, losing by 28 to 31. February 12: The Ashbel Society presents Joan of A.re. February 17 : Freshman Reception. February 21: The Curtain Club presents The Knight of the Burning Pestle. 
February 22: Washington's Birthday, a holiday. Texas wins triangular track meet at Brownwood, Texas 78!, Howard Payne 25, Daniel Baker 2H. February 24: Address of E. S. Martin, Editor of Life. March 1 : S'kinner Prize Contest, E. C. Soule winning. March 2: Texas Independence Day, a holiday. Exercises in the Audi­torium. Meeting of the Historical Association. March 14-19 : Winter Term Examinations. March 19: Address of Professor Edward Meyer, of the University of Berlin. 
As usual, one of the first topics of conversation at the beginning of the term was the number of students prevented from returning because of failure to live up to the Catalogue requirements of scholarship. The total number in all departments-required to with­The Work of the draw .on this ground was forty as against forty-fiveWinter Term 
last year. The faculty are plainly trying to maintain a good standard, but there is room for improvement stiill. It is hard to see how a college can rest content till it demands from its students as high a degree of effiiciency as they will have to display in -later life if they are to attain .!luccess. 'J1he place of the. absentees was taken by new students to the number of forty-four. If the University had two ses­sions in8tead of three, the first ending about the middle of February, we 
~o The University Record 
should have a good many more new students in the W4nter Term than we
have now, for the high schools are graduating more studenta every year at
the end of the first-half session.
In general, the work of the term went on smoothly, though with some
interruption from sickness, especially measles, and a good deol of discom­
fort on the score of too little heat in the buildings.The most talked-of innovation of the term was the medical fee for men.The Regents during the summer had ·provided for a medical fee•for bothmen and women, and 1ha.d appointed a physician for women, 1but wereunaible to secure one for men in tiirue for him to begin work in the 'fall.
A number of women ·bad sent in a protest to the Regents against the en­forcement of the medical fee, but without result, and the women in gen­eral bad acquiesced in the fee with good grace.The men were more insistent and .grumbled louder and longer. Theresults were equally fruitless. Yet nobody refused to pay the fee, andDr. Gilber.t, t·he new physician, entered on his work. As the term woreon, a good deal of efokncss developed. Dr. Gilbert's ready and capableassistance soon brought him into favor, and the hospital facilities thatthe fee procured proved a great boon. 
By the end of the term oppositionto the fee had practically ceased. 
Its wisdom is now generally admitted..
Not of as much general ·personal concern as the medical fee, but far­
reaching in its importance was the action of the Regents in January in
appointing Cass Gilbert, University Architect. Henceforth all new build­
ings are to be planned by him, and unity of plan is thus secured. As
Mr. Gilbert is one of the most eminent architects of the country, we may
rest satisfied that not only general unity of design, but skillful arrange­

ment and beauty in the separate buildings will 'be attained. The firstof the buildings to be erected under the new architect's charge is theLibrary. From unpreventable causes the work could not be ibegun atonce, but it is understood that the Library is to stand a little south of
west of the present Main Building, and is .to be a structure of somewhatmo:r;e amb'itious character than any we now ha.ve. 
Its cost is to be about
a quarter of a million dollars. 
The Department of Extension, created by the Board of Regents in June,
1909, began to register students for correspondence courses in October,
The Flrllt and, as a consequence is now in the sbc:th month ofSb:: Months of the its active career
Department of ·Extenston Immediately following the creation of the Depart­
ment, steps were taken properly to bring it to the attention of the peopleof the State, particularly to the teachers. The first "'catalogue" of the De­partment came from the press in September, and the edition of 7000 copiesbeing at once exhausted a revised edition was a.t once sent to the printer.
All told, some 7800 copies of these catalogues have been distributed, of 
The W orlc of the Winter Term 
which some 800 or 900 have been sent out upon request. -Most of those to whom they have been sent are teachers. 
Several newspapers have commented editorially upon the creation of the Department, the Director was invited to address the North Texas Teachers' Association upon University Extension, and several teachers' in­stitutes have dis.cussed the utility to teachers of work with the Depart­
ment. It is clear that this effort of the Regents to increase the useful­ness of the University has met with hearty approval. It is planned to conduct the work of the Department under three di-· 
v1s1ons: (I) Correspondence; (II) Public Discussion and Information ; 
(III) Lectures. The details relating to the work of these various divisions are to be found duly set forth in the "Announcements Relating to the Work of the Department of Extension,'' which may be had upon applica­tion to the Director. All that is needed here is to give some account of the actual workings of the Department from October, 1909, to the present 
time. 
Correspondence Division.-The following table gives the number of courses offered in each subject for correspondence work, and the number of students registered for work in each subject. It is to be remembered that a "correspondence course" is one-third of a full course: 
Botany .......................... ·.·........ 3 4 Civil Engineering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 I Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 22 Electrical Engineering... "........·........... 16 3 English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 43 French . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2 Geology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 German ......... .. .... . . ... . .... .. . . ..... . 17 17 Greek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4 History . . . . ....... .... . . ". . ... .. . ..... .... : 12 31 Latin .............................. ... .... 10 16 Law ............ .. ........................ 6 24 Mathematics ............ . . ....... .. . ..... . . 10 28 Mining Engineering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Philosophy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5 Political Science. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3 Pui,Jlic Speaking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3 Spanish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 7 Zoology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 
Total ...... .. ... .. .. ... .. ..... ... ..... 151 213 
'fhe largest "correspondence class" is in the Fa.II Term 	of J<Jnglish 1, other course~
whC're 20 students are studying with Dr. Payne. Several 
42 The University Record 
have from 6 to 12 students each, while a great many have only one or 
two. 
To date l 2 students have completed correspondence courses and secured credit, while 4 have dropped on account of the. pressure of other work. Summarizing reports from most of the correspondence instructors, it ap­pears that of the students now on the active list 84 are doing excellent work, 40 are doing rather poorly, and 26 are doing nothing at all. Sev­eral instructors report that one of two of their correspondence students · exhibit marked excellence; and the grades handed in so far average B. Those who are doing little or nothing are usually excusable-they are too 
busy with.other matters. · 
Of the students so far registered 110 are former students, while 103 
have never been connected with the University before. 
In correspondence work promptness is an all-important factor. All the 
troubles that have arisen so far are due to delays. · Such delays are charge­
able both to the students and to the instructors, and some of them are 
unavoidable. There should be no delay at the University end, and a main 
duty of the office of the Department of Extension is to promote prompt­
ness. 
Although exact statistics are not available and can scarcely be pro­
cured, numerous personal letters from students to various instructors 
make it clear that most of the.students are pretty well satisfied with their 
correspondence work. Even when they neglect their work this is the case; 
the University is blamed only by a few even when there is undue delay on 
the part of an instructor or on the part·of the Extension office. 
Public Information and Welfare Division.-Nearly all of the history of 
the Division is before jt. Professor Potts has been working on bibliog­
raphies and travelling libraries dealing with prohibition and penitenti­
aries. Owing to the pressure of other duties he has not been able to ac­
complish much beyond preparing a University bulletin on "The Treatment 
of Criminals with Suggestions Regarding the Penal System of Texas." 
Some sixty books have been ordered for the travelling library on penology, 
but nothing is yh quite ready for distribution. 
The proper preparation of a bibliography and of an accompanying trav­
elling library requires expert knowledge, much labor, and great discretion. 
It is a task not lightly to be put in the hands of the tyro, unless he works 
under competent supervision. The University needs on its staff more men 
that are versed in puolic affairs and that have sufficient freedom from 
teaching to enable them to attend to such tasks cheerfully and well. 
Acting for this Division, Professor Newman of the School of Zoology 
recently made a study of the large whale which was stranded in March 
near Sabine Pass. An account of this whale will be found elsewhere in 
this issue of the RECORD, a more popular account having already appeared 
in the daily press. 
Lecture Division.-Beyond printing a list of public lectures which mem­
bers of the faculty are prepared to deliver on short notice, this Division 
The Work of the Winter Term 
has done nothing. A few lectures have been ·delivered by various members of the Faculty in various places, but no more than in previous years. 
While it ·Seems to be clea.r that for a long time to come no extensive lecture system can be built up in TexaR by the University, it is equally clear that the University Faculty could be much more generally utilized in the giving of lectures than it is at present. 'fhe public-speaking activi­ties of both President and Faculty are too largely confined to Austin and Galveston. All opportunities to make public addresses should Le eagerly accepted, even at ihe cost of some personal inconvenience. 
Provided that sufficient help be given to the Visitor of Schools, so that 
due regard can be paid not only .to the inspection of affiliated schools, but 
also to the visiting of the very large number of non-affiliated high schools, 
the work of visiting the five or six hundred schools that ought to be visited 
might very.well be combined with the organization of mothers' and trus­
tees' clubs, with the delivery of Extension lectures, and with the general 
advertising of the Department. The usefulness of the Department of 
Extension would be increased and the improvement and consolidation of 
rural schools advanced by the activities. of such lecturing Visitors. 
E::cpenses, J1tne, 1909, to April, 1910.-About $300 has been expended in .fitting up the office of the Department of Extension; a similar amount has 
been spent in publishing Bulletins and circulars; stenographic help and 
office supplies have amounted to about $400, exclusive of postage, for 
which $ll0 has been spent. 
Plans . for the Future.-The following recommendations and comments 
are taken from the ft'rst annual report of the Department: 
I. Offer correspondence work in History, Physics, Plane Geometry, and Algebra mainly for candidates for the First-Grade State Certificate; offer also correspondence work in Solid Geometry, Trigonometry, Literature, Psychology, History of Education, and Bookkeeping mainly for candidates for the Permanent State Certificate. These courses should be open only to persons over 21 years of age. The fee for each course should be $7. . 
Chemistry has been omitted from the list of "permanent" subjects ow­ing to the difficulty of giving it by correspondence. Plane Geometry, Solid Geometry, Trigonometry, Psychology (Education Q), and History of Edu­cation (Education P) are already being offered, but are not as yet attract­ing many teachers. For some time nearly all of this work can be con­ducted by the regular staff of instruction. Special provision will probably have to be made for Bookkeeping and perhaps for Physics. 
2. Increase the number of advanced courses offered. 
No great augmentation of the number of students will result from such an increase, as only one or .two students will register for eaeh course offered. But students who h11-ve ten or more courses to their credit and who have to absent themselves from the University for a year are in need of advanced courses to pursue during the year of absence; 
3. The Secretary of the Un.iversity should also be Secretary of the De­
The University Record 
partment, but his only duty to the Department should consist in advertis­
ing it as widely and wisely as possible. 	· 
Besides the Secretary of the University the Visitor or Visitors of Schools 
and all the other extra-mural activities of the Department of Education 
should aid in advertising the Department of Extension. 
4. Continue to give the Department of Extension an appropriation some­what in excess of its immediately visible needs . . For 1910-1911, $3000 is suggested, followed by $4000 for 1911-1912. 
The recommendation for ·1910-1911 is based upon an estimate of $700 
for stenographic help, $300 for bulletins, $300 for .postage, $700 for trav­
ling libraries, and $1000 for possible instruction. 
The Department is so new and experimental in character that a liberal 
allowance should be made for contingencies. For example, an unexpected 
registration of students might necessitate the employment O'f a special 
instrucior at any time. The Regents should feel that in any event, proper 
· economy will 	be observed, and that money not needed will be allowed to lapse to the general fund, there to meet other always pressing necessities of the University; 
5. The registration for correspondence work shows that as yet no spe­cial correspondence instructors need be appointed. With the exception Of English lf, where twenty are registered, ·the students are pretty well scattered. One prophesying would say that the Education registration. should be the first to demand a special instructor for correspondence stu­dents. A special instructor in Law has been suggested, but it seems to be a little premature to select one. A quizmaster actiti'g under a professor ought to meet the needs for several years. 
One other matter remains for consideration-vocational courses below those of college grade for others than intendfog teaeohers. The "W1isconsin idea" is for the State University to try to do all that the other educa­tional agencies are leaving undone. Without going as far as this, which, too literally understood, would interfere with local initiative, it is clear that our higher institutions of learning are not in sufficiently close touch with the laboring · classes. The duty of brfoging artisan and college pro­fessor into closer relations rests with great weight upon institutions sup­ported by public taxation. The vocational courses seem to furnish one way of performing this duty. But in the giving of a vocational cours2 by correspondence one is met with peculiar difficulties. In Texas the giving of such courses with the aid of a travelling instructor encounters the other­wise happy fact that the population is widely scattered and not to be gotten at in large groups at great centers. With its present resources the University can attempt but little in the vocational field that lies below the collegiate grade. 
A field of possible usefulness, however, is open. Workingmen, business men, professional men, each and all need training in the fundamentals of economics, law, government, and. political science, for al! are citizens. The University in offering Extension lectures and courses in these topic;s 
1.'he Work of the Winte1· Term 
to the average citizen would be but trying to live up· to its motto. Such lectures and courses should be worked up by competent men who could convey sound information and at the same time create a demand for more information. The University, unless false to the prime purpose for which it was founded, must enter this field of usefulness and do its part in pre­paring the citizen.ship of Texas to grapple wisely and justly with the complex problems which face a modern democracy. 
H. Y. B .. 
On the evening of the first of Febfuary, after several weeks of earnest 
practice, Schiller's Der N effe als Onkel, a translation from the ;J!'rench, 
was presented in the University Auditorium under 
The German Play the auspices of the Germania Literary Society. The 
presentation of this play was in part a fulfillment 
of the societ.y's aim to keep alive an interest in German literature. 'l1he 
attendan~e was good, and the reception accorded the play was enthusiastic. 
T.he cast of _chara.cters was as follows: 
Oberst von Dorsigny............. ...... , .... ...... ....... E. R. Stieler Frau von Dorsigny......... ........... .... .... ...... Mrs. J. M. Harris Sophie, their daughter........ . .. ...... . : .. -. . .-.. ..... ....Miss Irma Lieb Franz von Dorsigny, their nephew . .-...... -. ................... H. Stieler Frau von Mi.rville .. . ... , . .. . . . . . ..... .. . . . . .. .1Miss Charlotte 'Dignowity Lormeuli ........ ... ·... • ....... ' .-. ..... .... ..............G. A. Bracher Valcour...·. . . . . . . I · · H W Le d · 
Postil!on. . . . . . . . . f.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . onar s 
Ohampagne ... ............... ............. ,. ...... ........R.. L. Biesele 
Unteroffiz.ier. . . . . . } . · 
Jasmin. . . . . . . . . . . . ...... ....... ............. , . William Trenckmann 
Notar......... . . · 

On the four folfowing nights the •play was presented in New Braunfels, San Antonio, Comfort, and Fredericksburg. The following translation· of a ·clipping from the Freie Presse fuer Texas, edited iby Mr. Hugo Moeller, of San Antonio, himself an actor in his younger days and still a great enthu.siast for German plays, will show in some degree how the club was received awav. from home: 
. 
"On Thursday evening students of the University of Texas, members of the Germania Literary Society, presented a German play in Beethoven Hall. The young people are ·making 11. tour upon which· they are present: ing Picard's comedy, Der N effe als Onkel, that Schiller has translated so excellently. The play is under the direction of Dr. PrimPr, the we!I known professor cif German dn the ·university of r:rexas. 
"The actors took great pains and showed good talent, but the whole production revealed the lack of a practical knowledge of :the stage. * * * We do not say this to disheartl'n the young ladies and gentlemen, but we would encourage them w.ith all our might to !keep on in their good 
.The University Re~ord 
work. We repeat tha.t the actors showed good talent and that the neces­sary material is present to accomplish great things. • • • The effort of these young people is .certainly commendable, and we hope to aee them 
often in the presentation of other <plays." 
R. L.B. 
On the evening of Fe!bruary 21, the Curtain Clu:b, the male students' 
dramatic organization directed by Mr. Stark Young of the '8chool of 
English, presented their secon,d annual play. Beau­
The Curtain Club's mont and Fletcher's comedy, "The Knigiht of the Bum-
Annual Play ing Pestle," was chosen for presentation this year, 
and the choice was happy. It furnishes the Club an unusual 
opportunity to impress on all ,the truth as to Elizabethan stage oondi­

tions, while at the same time the humor of the burlesque is so genuine and so easily recognized as to sei7.e promptly and hold the interest of a modern audience. 
The staging of the play was ela>borate. Under M'r. Young's direction, · an ·Elizrubethan stage with roof, supporting pillars, upper balcony, divid­
ing curtain, several "stage-cloths," boxes, and other paraphernalia, was constructed upon the regular stage in the '.Audiitorium. In addition to the players there were Elizabethan musicians, courtiers, ·oladies, market­woman, ha.Bad seller, flower girl, and various others upon the stage; all properly, and many gorgeously, costumed after sixteenth century fashion. In all this the same carefulness as to detail whieh has marked aH plays given :by the Curtain Club was agWin in evidence. Objection might be raised on historical grounds to two minor points in the representation. The upper balcony at the back of the improvised stage was not used at all, possibly because of the frailty of the timbers. It must ·have been 
employed at many points iin the play as originally presented. Then the use of crude "placards-of-place" to indi.cate changes of scene, was scarcely to be justified in a play of t.liis date. ·But in general the play was 
ex­cellently staged, and no less well performed. 
The acting showed originality and thorough training. Mr. Levy as the Cit.izen's WHe, Mr. English as Merrythought, Mr. Morris as Mrs. Merry­thought, Mr. Rosser as Ralph, and Mr. Platter as Michael, gained uni­
versal plaudits. Mr. Hardwicke as Humphrey was a.musing but perhaps uot sufficiently versatile. Mr. B. H. Dyer made a graceful though not a fervid lover in Jasper's part: Mr. Ritchie as a Citizen and Mr. Jones in the role of Venturewell gave general satisfaction. 
Naturally the play was compared with ''The Silent Woman," presented by the Curtain Club last year. It is not too much to say that this drama was more difficult of performance, muoh more elaborately staged, and yet more thoroughly a·ppreciated by a !arge and wholly representative audi­
ence. 
R. A. L. 
The Work' of the Winter Terrn 4"/ 
On March . 2nd, the seventy-fourth anniversary of Texas' independence was celetbrated with fitting ceremonies. A large number of students took .part in the procession from the ClLpitol to the Uni­The Karoh Id Cel-versitv, !'uld manifested unusual enthusiasm. After 
ebratlon · · · 
the salute of twenty-one guns had been fired in front of the maJin building. students >md visitors repaired to the Auditorium, where a program consisting of appropriate. music and •patriotic addres~es was rendered. 
At nine o'eloCk crowds of students began to gat~er at the Capitol for the pa.rade. The cannon was brought out, and the procession to the Uni­veri;;:ity grounds began at 9 :45. The University ·band led the march, and was followed in order by the Laws, members of -the College of Arts, and Engineers. The line reaehed the campus shortly after ten o'clock, where a salute was fired amid great enthusiasm. 
At eleven o'clock, the exercises in the Auditorium began. President Towne Young of the Students' Council introduced Rev. Geo. P. Butler, who delivered the invocation. This was. followed iby selections from the Violin and Ohora} Clubs, after which it.he Texas Declaration of Inde­pendence was read by Ira C. Ogden; a student of the University. 
The student address by B. B. Cdbb, was out of the ordinary in that 
the .speaker departed from the custom usually fol~owed on such occasions, 
and devoted most of his time to a discussion of problems now befure 
th.e people of Texas-·He mentioned the further wise development of the 
vast material resources of Texas, the care of her criminal classes, the 
proper educa·!Jion of t.he young, the selection of honest a.nd competent pub­
lic officials, and the growing impatience with all law, discernible among 
the masses, as being the most important problems now .pressing for 
solution. 
After the student address, came a selection by the orchestra, which was followed by iilie Alumni Address delivered by Professor C. S. Potts of the Law Departm1mt. ProfP.ssor Potts chose as h.is subject "Glimps·~s of Sa.m Houston." He showed an i~timate knowledge of the private .and public life of this peculiar man whose fortunes were so closely linked with the fortunes of Texas during the days of her infancy. He traced the carcP.r of Houston from early chi1ldhood through various successes and adventures in war and politics to its close in the State whose freedom he bad helped to accomplish. The address was full of interesting details of the life of this strangely inconsistent personality. 
Dean T. U. Taylor of the ·Engineering Department made the faeulty address, using as his subject "A Texan's Heritage." He dwelt at lengith on thP. glories of the past achievements of Texas, a.nd t·he deb.t of grati­tude which this generation owes to the memory of thu3e who sacriffoed for her freedom. He declared that the strength of Texll.>! rests not in fortifications, armies, and wealth, but in the number of her cult.h·ated citizens. Dean Taylor made a strong appeal to the student ;}Jody to sup­port the University, not only while they are in attendan·3e, but also when 
The University Record 
they s'iall leave it for other fields of labor. He showell ·how the Univer­
sity has .suffered at the hands of its enemies, through being misunder­
stood, and even through the well-meant efforts of injudidous friends, 
and ended by saying that its future must <iepend largely upon the atti­
tud•~ of tlie ahmmi. 
The facul1y address was followed by two numbers by the ·mee Club, 
and the singing of "America" by the audience. The exercises were closed 
with a fitting 1i;em!diction by Dr. E. B. Wright. 
Il•;sides members of the faculty, a number of 'HOet1in1~nt visitors roccu­
pid seats on the platform. Among these were membrs of the State 
Departments, the faculty of the Austin Theological Seminary, Major 
Ira Evans, Captain Zuber, who is among the last surv·ivors c1f San 
.Jacinto, and Mrs. Re'becca J. FL'>her, President of the fl,rngl1ters of the 
Texaf! Republic. 
B. B. C. 
During the Winter Term the Fortnightly Clu'b held four meetings, at wfhich papers were presented as follows: Dr. Parlin, ".James Shirley." 
The Fortnightly 
Dr. RamsdeJ.l, "Military Rule in Texas under the 
Club 
Reconstruction Act." 
Dr. Yoakum, "The Background of Consciousness." 
J.fr. Hill, "Some Dramatic Uses of the Song in the Miracle Plays.'' 
As might 1be inferred from their titles; each one of these papers wa.8 
the fruit of some original research undertaken by one of the younger in8t.ructors in the faculty. Though all the theses were technical rather than popular in form, the authors read them to sympathetic audienees, and profitable discussions invariably followed the reading. Possibly the efficient catering which the Club has enjoyed is to some extent responsible for the good attendance of members. Be that as it may, the organization retains its pristine vigor and is still acting as a stimulus to researoh wo~k in many lines. At the end of the term the Club by resolution in­crca8ed t.he limits of its membership from twenty-four to thirty, hoping by this measure to secure new hlood in the ·person.s of some recent addi­tion& to thr faculty. · · 
'fhe present officers are: Dr. Barker, president; Dr. Parlin, secretary; Mr. Ostrander. treasurer. 
RA. L. 
At present The Economic and Politi<!al Science Association numbers twenty-five members, a rwther good percentage of the total Political Sci­The Eoonomto and ence &hool. They are very much interested in the Pollttoal sotenoe work of the Association, and some excellent pajiers ABBoclatton have been delivered so far this year. The program is arranged .by the executive committee, who div.ide the schedU:Je between 
The Work of the Winter Term 4:9 
. the different members. Meetings are held on the second Thursday in 
each month. 
In former years the Association has dealt mainly with economic topics and problems of general interest. This year, however, the .society decided. to devote it~ time to a . suJbje-ct vital to all Texans and of essen­tial dropcrbnce in the future economic development of our State,-na.roely, cotton culture. Feeling that every T~xan should really know something of the cotton industry, they have gone about it in a practical mann~r, not 
theorizing, but studying the best methods of cu1ture, and attacking the problems which farmers meet with every day, have applied scientific methods to their solution. Beginning with a study of the most favorable soff and climate, they have discussed the best manner of planting, 1breedi~g, and selection of the 
cotton plant, and the most scientifi.c methods of dealing with the chief cotton pests. From these fundamental facts in cotton culture, they have progressed to the problems connected with Exchange-the eheapest 
methods of marketing, transporting, and holding cotton, they <have also dealt with freight rates, spec;iial laws, and the effect of speculation upon the pri.ce of cotton. 
During the Spring Term the Association will devote its time to the History of the Manufacture of Cotton, and the Finished Product. Begin­ning with a short sketch of the development of manufacture in New England, they wn.I trace its immense growth in the Southern States, par­
ticularly in Texas, one of the papers g.iving a picture of the cotton factory itself-processes, machinery, labor, wages, and all other phenomena con· nected with the manufacture of cotton. In cl0sing the year's work the ABBooiation will diseuss the value and uses of the finished product. Cot­ton seed oil, meal, hulls, the use for feed in fertilizing, et.c., ending with · the enormous possibil:iities which ·the extention of the market -in Cbimt 
wou!d entail. 
M. S. 
The Fall Term of the session 1900-1910 was entirely without mµsical entertainment. The Winter Tenn was more fortunate; two local con­
certs  were  given  and  one  very  high-class  oon­ 
llualo In the tl'DI· cert  by ·  one  of  the  world's  finest  professional  
veraltJ'  artists.  

The Matinee Musicwl Club of Austin, the old-time friend 0.nd patron ·of good music, was largely responsible for the appearance of Madame Seml>rich rin the Auditorium on the second of February; they were as~isted in their efforts by the musical organizations of the University, i. e., some 
portions of some of .them. 'Dhe University should appreciate the efforts of these la.dies, who are wholly unselfis.h in their efforts, and 1wi:thout whom there would be little high-class music presented. Faculty members who ha.ve looked after these attradions in the past have found lit impossible 
The University Record 
to continue with them ·because of the drain on their time a.nd attention, 
and the students do not seem inclined to attempt them. 
To say :that 'Mme. Sembrich appeared is a sufficient guarantee that an excellent .program was rendered. These best ·performances come so seldom that the uninitiated scarcely begin.~ to appreciate :the excellence of the artist before it is all over. Sembrfoh's support was excellent also, Mr. Francis Rogers as baritone and Mr. Frtmk La Forge as pi•anist. Sem­brich's single piece numbers, from Verdi and .T. Strauss, were, of course, most delightful, 1but her group numbers seemed :to please most, espe­cially the first one, which included selections from Schubert and Schu­mann and Dr. Arne's "The Lass with the Delicate Air," which no one but Sembrich should ever try to sing. Her rendering of "To a Messenger" .by La Forge, her accompanist, received· an ovation, which she generously shared with him. Mme. ,Sembrich was at her 'best, which means much to all who have heard her before. It is indeed refreshing to haYe a fare­well tour ·before one's voice has failed. Sembrich is wise to stop while at the height of her fame, especially if she feels that she cannot holtl up to the strain much longer. It does seem a pity, however, thaf; the world .should be denied the privilege of hearing iher as long as ::1he may 
be able to sing acceptaibly. 
There were also several concerts by the Band and the Glee Club. .The 
Band has been very fortunate in. securing the services of Professor 
Schoch again as director. When that is said, there is no doubt about 
the quality of ·the concert, because Professor .Sohoch is a born musician and 
knows how to instill musi<~ into others a.nd develop what is already there. 
The Band and the University public are indebted to him for his unselfisih 
and able work. The lband concert pleased: a large numbf,r of admir1•rs. 
Two virtues may 1be mentioned: the addition of outside talent by way 
of nriety, :md the stressing of the orchestl'lal feature rather than the 
purely band feature. Only band music is desirruble under certain circum­
stances, but at other times the or~hestral music is decidedly preferable. 
The Glee Club seems to have revived something of its old-time vigor 
and proficiency, and consequently scored a success a.t its first appearance 
of the year. The only criticism that could be offered would lbe upon the 
division of the appearance; .the gymnasium performance was excellent 
and much enjoyed, but there are many people who do not care for both, 
certainly not as much for one as for the other, and 1both are of sufficient 
dignity and a1bility to fill an entire progrem. One result was that we had 
no opportunity of judging the solo material of the Glee Olub. Detailed 
sugge~tions belong elsewhere. Suffice it to .say here, we .rejoice over the 
rejuvenation of the Club. 
The -Choral Club appeared at the patriotic exercises on M'arch 2nd, a.nd 
gave· a good account of itseif. We hope to hear the ladies again ;in an 
individual concert. Mrs. Collins is doing fine work with them. 
D. A. P. 
The Work of the Winter Term 
The following account of a masqued ball held at the University Club on Monday, I<'ebruary 7, is taken from the Austin Sta!esman of February 13: "Monday evening witnessed a most deLightful and 
11111cella1111ou11 
charming .ball masque at the University Club, dn
Notea 
which a large number of members appeared in fancy dress. The costumes were rich, ·artistic, and cleverly characteristic. Among the best characterizations were the Dutch Kiddies, wooden shoes and . all, personated by Mr. and Mrs. Mlax ·Bickler. Buster Brown and Mary Jane were also very clever and afforded much amusement. Sir Walter Raleigh WM !handsomely attirecf in purple velvet and Jooked the ;part to perfection. The clubhouse was brilliantly lighted and decorated, 
and Besserer's .best music made gay the hours. Masks were removed about 10 o'clock. Punch was served all during th!! ·evening, while near the close a delicious course of refreshments, consisting of oyster pwtties, sandwiches, and coffee were partaken of. Those present were: Dr. Battle .as Arwbian, Dr. Benedict as clown, :Mrs. Benedict as Red Domino, Mr. Ashby as Uncle Sam, Mr. Duooa.lf as American Gentleman, Dr. Ellis as ['oreodor, Mrs. Ellis as Carmen, Dr. Farrington as English Courtier, Mrs. Turrington as Little Bopeep, Mr. and Mrs. M'ax Bickler as Dutch Kiddies, Tom Holden as French count, Mrs. Holden as Red Cross nurse, Mr. Ken· yon as Jewish mer0hant, Dr. Lewis as J3lack Domino, Mesdames McLaurin and Shurter as rtwin dominoes, Professor Metzenthin as the Music Master, Dr. Miller as Black Domino, Dr. Schoch as Red Domino, Mrs. Schoch as Sunflower Girl, Mr. Stark Young as Sir Walter Raleigh, Professor Potts as· Prince iDavillo, Miss Young as Merry /Widow, Mr. Weaver as Buster Brown, Miss Willie Barbee as iM'ary Jane, Dr. ·A. C. Scott as farmer, Mrs. Scott as Goddess. of Night, Miss Littlefield as Spanish girl, iMiss Ada Garrison as .Colonial dame, MJiss ·Bessie Garrison as Grecian ·g.irl, Miss Somerville of Mississippi as · Colonial dame, Miss Simkins as witch, Miss ·Prather as Kate Greenaway girl, Dr. Parlin as cadet, Miss Barbee as Titania, Miss Townes as a maid, Miss Rather as Daughter of 1812,' MiRs Lockett as Colonial dame. Those present as onlookers, not in fancy dress, were: Dr. and Mrs. Garrison, Mr. and iMrs. J. W. Maxwell, 
Mr. Worley, Judge MicLaurin, JI.fr. Shurter, Mrs. •Weaver, Mr. and Mis. George Walling, Jr., Dr. and Mrs. Mather, Dr. and Mrs. Gilbert, MT. Rather, Miss Lillian Walker, and Mr. and Mrs. Bantel." 
On March 11th, Professor H. H. Newman paid a viisit to Port Arthur on the invitation of the Board of Trade of that city to make a scientific examinwtion of a large sperm whale that had lbeen captured alive on thu 
Gulf coast near Sabine. On his arrival he found that the whale had been dead for twenty hours .or more, and was not in a very good state of preservation. The opportunity of making an accurate series of meas­uremenfa, however, was not overlooked. mhese measurements, when com­pared iw.ith those of another supposedly reco;d-breaking animal of the 
1'he University Record 
same species, indicate that the Port Arthur specimen ·belongs to the class of largest sperm wihales. The totaa length, on an air' line from extremity to extremity, was sixty-three and a ·half feet; the largest cir­cumferenee was thirty-seven feet; and the width across the tail flanges was sixteen feet seven inehes. 
Professor Newman superintf'nded the evisceration of the huge earcass, which was accompHshed by the aid of a gang of about rtwenty negroes and a steam winch. This was a case of laJboratory dili!Section on a large soale, and, although no cliscoveries of note were made, the ex·perience was one that few if any Americltn biologists have enjoyed. 
It is ·highly probable that this is the only authentic record of a sperm whale, which is an inhabitant of .the tropicad seas; coming ashore in Texas waters, 11.nd for that reason, if for no others, it is worthy of espe· cial note. 
At the end of last year the University gave up to sister institutions two of her most useful and promieing members, Professor ·Bolton, w.ho went to ·Leland ~tanford, and !Jiibrarian Windsor, iwho accepted a ca.11 to the University of Illinois. The University is to suffer .similar losses the present session. Professor A. S. Johnson ihas lbeen called to a professorship in the University of Chicago, and Professor F. E. Farring­ton goes to Columbia University to fill the newlly established chair of 
Comparative Education. 
Professor W. M. W0heeler, who succeeded Professor Norman as ;head of our School of Biology, is now Profeflsor of Economic Entomology in Har­vard. Professor '\Vheeler's long-ID.eralded work on ants appeared in the wtinter, and has ·been very favorably reviewed. Professor T. H. Mont­gomery, who succeeded Professor ·Wheeler here, is now at the ·head of the Department of Biology in the University ·of Pennsylvania. A new and costly laborartory is shortly to be 1built for Professor <Montgomery's school 
at Pennsylvania. · 
Of former 1instructors in English here who have accepted calls to orther colleges, Dr. Pierce Butler is Professor of English in Tulane and Dean of Sophia Newcomb, Dr. A. G. Reed is Professor of English in ·the Louisi­ana State University, Dr. H. D. Gray is assistant professor at Leland Stanford, Dr. R. D. Miller, ·is !instructor in the University of M'issouri, and Mr. A. L. Eno is instructor in the University of Illinois. 
Professor F. D. Heald, head of .the School of . Botany, spent two weeks in March on a visit to Washington and the East. The chief purpose of Professor Heald's trip was to examine the collections of parasitk fungi in the Bureau of Plant Industry .at ;Washington and in the New York 
The Work of the Winter Term 
Botanical Gardens at Bronx Park, New York, with a view to completing a ."Plant Disease Survey of the Austin-San Antonio Area," a study which wlll shotitly appear in one of the bulletins of the Bureau of Plant In­dustry. 
Dr. H. Y. Benedict w11-s made President of the University Club at its a.nnual meeting in January. Dr. Benedict succeeds Professor Garrison, wiho succeeded Dean Taylor, who ;in turn succeeded ,Dean Battle, the Club's first Pres.ident. The Club ibought last spring the house on San Antonio iStreet formerly owned and occupied by President Houston. Ex­tensive improvements have recently been made to the place. 
On Ja.nuary 7, Dr. W. J. Battle, Dean of the Co1lege of Arts and Pro­fessor of Greek, delivered a lecture 'before tihe Woman's Art League of Waco on "Modern Gre~ce." Dr. Battle had expected tu lecture on "Greek Architecture," lbut his lantern proved unmanageable, and a change in subject was accordingly ma!le. Wlhile on this trip Dr. Battle also made a talk 'before Baylor University at the Chapel Exercises on the morning of January 7, ~nd he later addressed one of the Greek classes of Baylor. 
Dr. W. L. Bray, formerly Professor of Botany here, now Professor of Botany in Syracuse Univer.sity, •has recenhly brougtht out an interesting bulletin on . the mi!itletoe in Texas. 
PFofessor Webster, who was Acting ·Professor of Econollllics during the Fali Term in the absence of Professor Johnson, lha.s recently accepted a c&ll to Marquette University, Minneapolis, as Dean of the College of Economics. 
LIBRARY NOTES 
The plans for the new Library .build.ing were under discussion ·during 
the •Winter Term. The architect, Mr. Cass Gilbert of New York, visited 
the University in ,January and submitted •preliminary 
The New LlbrarJ' plans, which were accepted, in outline, at a meeting 
of the Regents iheld January 10-11. The interior 
arrangement !Wa.s not definitely fixed, .although suggestions were made •by 
t'he !Jibrarian, to be in<iorporated by the _archiltect as far a.s ihis previously 
sett.led outline would allow. 
The building will be situated just west of the Main Building, facing 
south. It will :be rubout 140 by 40 feet, with an ell in the rear, and two 
stories high. The architect calls the style "modified Spanish Renaissance." 
The material will probably he a cream-colored -limestone, -and the roof 
will be of reddish tile. The. ground floor of the main part will be used 
The University Record 
at first to relieve ·office and lecture-room crowding in the Main Building, although later the Library will use the whole. Above, the entire second floor, front, will lbe devoted to the main reading room. .The iba.sement will be high, and will contain rooms to be used for various library· pur-­poses. The ell at the iback will contain the working rooms, seminary rooms, and the book stack. Steel shelving, in six •levels, accommodating 
l 7·5,000 volumes, will be installed. T0he stack room will be so l:milt that. it can-be enlarged iwhen neces!;Jary. 
This will be the permanent LiJbrary :build·ing of the University, and the dimensions and arcMtectural effect. have been considered with that in view. The interior ;urangements are being so planned as to secure the greatest possible economy of administration and convenience of users. From the architect's previous work and :his sketches submitted it. may safely lbe inferred that the exterior will .be .beautiful and .fitting. Such is the expressed desire of the Regents. 
Mr. Hilliard of St. Louis . has continued his gifts toward a collection of Southern literature. The most important purchase this year from the -annual fund of one hundred dollars. provided by him \s Glf1ill the "Library of Southern Literature," 12 volumes. Mr. Hilliard has given also the set called "The South in 
the Building of the Nation," 10 volumes. 
Another recent gift of special importance is the · collection of 17 ·volumes· a.nd 66 pamphlets presented by Mr. Archer M. Huntington, founder of' the Hispanic Society of America. These relate to the J.iterature and his­tory of Spain. Among them may be noted: "Fac-.similes of Initials e,nd Min<iatii.res <tf the 9th to the 11th Cerituries from ,J\fozarabic MES."; five fac-similes of "Indices Lilbrorum Prohibitorum"; and ·a complete set of the ReVue Hispanique. . 
Other gifts are: 61 miscellaneous volumes, from John E. Jtosser ;· 73 volumes, chiefly medical, from Dr. T . •J. Bennett; current numbers of newspapers from the Ul\iversity Club, Mrs. W. M. Thornton, and other.s. 
The following are some of the ~ore >important sets b.ought by the Libracy 
since June,  1909.  Most  of  them  were  ordered  last  su=er.  The  sets  
ordered this winter are just bt)ginning to arrive.'  
Recent Purchases  Schimper, Bryologia Europaca.  7 volumes.  
·Hooker and Jackson, Index  Kewensis.  5 volumes ..  

Bibliogra.phJi.ychet )Ifi:matsbericht. 14 volumes. (Index of theses.) 
~ayser, Bii..cher I,,exikrm . . 29 volumes in ·21. . (G~rm11-n bibliogf':!.phy.) 
Winkelmann, Hand,buc.h der Physik. 6 vqlumes. · 
Giornqle di Matematiche. 4'5 volumes. 
J,avisse md Rambaud., Histoire G&nerale. 13 volumes. 
Thurloe, Collection of ,<;fate Papers. 7 volumes. 

The Work; of the Winter Term 
· 	Holmes, Works. 14 volumes. 
Yeats, Works, 8 volumes. 
Romanische Bibliotek. 19 volumes in 6. 
Framuaische Studien. 7 volumes. N. L. G. 

THE DEPARII'MENT OF ENGINEERING. 
'l'owarJs the close of the Winter Term and with the advent of good weather applications came in thick and fast for engineers to go to the field. The demand was practically as active as it Ill. General was four years ago. Among the positions for which men were wanted may be · mentioned the following: 
(1) Chief engineer of a projected railroad; (2) hydraulic engineer for draiiiage and river work; (3) drainage e:tigineer for farm; (4) one surveyor 8.nd draftsman; ( 5) one railroad draftsman; ( 6) one . survey·. ing draftsman; (7) one assistant railroad draftsman; (8) one assistant city engineer; (9) one topographer for raiiroitd work; (10) one engineer. for city Wpographic work. · 
These demands were ·not unique except for the fact that we were ·ruble to fill only one of them (that of the · topographer for railroad work), this on account of the fact that all · of our ·alumni were placed in better or. more· permanent positions than those offered. As these requests came in, many of them were ·placed. on the bulletin board, and iit gave quit;(> a number of the students a fever to get out into the fieid · a~d sacrifl~ their University work: But in no case was a student reco~me~ded. The place' of topographer alluded to was filled 1by a man who had to leave· the University on ll>CCOunt of his eyes. 
During this term the Dean visited the Univera>ity of Kansa.s, at Law­
rence, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, · University of Minnesota at 
The De'\n'e Trtp Minneapolis, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Uni; 
'°Northern Ulll· versity of Michigan at Ann A11bor, University of Jlli·· 
· verBlttei nois at Urbana, and Washington University at St. 
LouiR. 11here are many things at the different institutioni that impress 
a visitor -from 1m,r section of the country, especially one from th~ So\1th, 
and trer'e is one ·thing in whir,h each excelled, and this i~ ·t'ieir J108pital­
ity. In addition to this, the good will and good comradeship extended 
to their sister universities was a decidedly ma.rked characteristic. · 
Tille University of Ks.nsa.s has just completed three new buildings, 
at a cost of $250,000, which are used almost wholly for engine'ering. The 
machinery had just ibeen moved into these buildings, ibut part of it :had 
not been set up and connected. 
At the University of Nebraska was found ·another new engineering 
building for electrical; mechanical, and civil engineening; The machinery 
was in its proper position, and while none of iit had been connected up, 
The University P,ecord 
all of the p1·ofe~sors were busy installing their respective testing rna' chines. At the l!uiwrsity of Minnesota" the engineering department during the 
present session is in several different buildings, but the last Legislature appropriated several hundred thousand dollars for a modern engineering building, and also for several blocks of land lying between the campus and the M'ississ1ppi river. The work in engineering is to be re-organized 
under the new dean, who was appointed last summer, and under the new president, who is to be elected in the near future. 
At the University of Wisc.onsin a royrul welcome was in waiting, and to be moved from a hotel to the University Clul> and there installed in sumptuous quarters and invited out to private houses was rather re­
freshing and served strongly to impress Northem hOBpitality; and its warmth was in strong contrast to the cold temperature that prevailed; The University of Wisconsin has a very large modern engineering build­
ing, completed less than ten years ago, ibut it is outgrown and a much larger building is projected in their "Plans for a Univer.sity Twenty Years Hence." The engineering professors are in vital touch with the State government and IIl.Qny of them fill} the du.al •position of professors and experts to the railway, :tax, and other commissions. All around, it is perhaps one of the best organized universities on the continent. The Gowrnor and President of the Board of Regents, of \Vest Virginia, visited the University during my stay witq a view t-0-moderni7ing the University of West Virginia. 
The University of iMicliigan has the largest engineering school of the group in the number of students, and has several buildings used for engineering. It ·has as many students in the engineering depar.tment alone as there are, all told, in the main University of Texas during the regular session. 'Ilhe most unique feature at the University of Michigan is a large naval tank for measuring the resistance of boats in water. These boats are of different shapes and the resistances of the friction of the water are actually measured iby standardized dynamome­
ters. 
'Dhe University of Illinois ranks next to the University of Michig:m when measured by the number of its students. It had the best under­graduate hydraulic lruboratory that was visited, and its preparation for 
research on reinforced concrete is second to none. It possesses perhaps the ·best modernized or standardized testing mac'hines·. 
Wasliiugton University, St. Louis, 'has just entereJ it,; new buildings at the new site, and some of its machinery had not :ieen put in p-lace and fully installed. Its school of architecture is one of the l>est in the group in the Miississtppi Valley, and its department of civil engineer­ing lacks only a hydraulic laboratory to round out its equipment. 
It is impossible to make a visit like this without drawing some 
com­parisons. The la1boratories for testing strength and materials, the cement laboratory, and the dyna,mo and steam laboratory of the University of 
The Work of t'he -Winter Term 57 
Texas are well equri,pped to give undergraduate lwboratory instruction. 
In t~ese things the University compares favorably with :the best of these We are
institutions, ibut we are lacking in our !hydraulic laboratory. cramped in space and lack the faci.lities that are possessed by the best 
of these institutions. 
However, we have one di!ltinct advantage over all these universities, and that is in the length• of time we give to students in surveying field work during the regular session. Texas does not miss a doay · in field work during the year on accoµnt of the weather, while the climate at all Northern· and Western instituti9ns makes . field work imp.os.sble after Thii.nksgiving until late in the spring. It is apparelllt to the most casual oibserver that all these other univer­sities, while strictly -in agricultural States, are more liberal in their They give more money for la.bora­
provisions for engineel'ling than Texas. 
tory pucposes, and there are more instructors for a given number of 

studeJllts. The reaso11: for this is difficult to ascertain. One reason per­
haps ds that they are older than Texas, while another might be that they · 
are nearer the manufacturing centers; but in ithe strictly agricultural 
States like Kansas and Nebraska, it was found tht the Legislture had 
'been very liberal to the Engineering Departmenrts. Clearly .Texas will 
1have to provide am.pier facilities for Engmneering if she wishes to rank as 
"a University of the first-class." 

It is probable that the School of Electrical Engineering will graduate 
about fifteen students in June. Practically all of these have arranged 
to take positions immediately after graduation, sev­
eral going to each of the larger manufacturing com­
panies, the General Electric Company, the Westing­
house Electric and Manufacturing Company, and the Allis-Chalmers Com­
The Western Ele('tr·ic :Company and the Otis Elevator Company

pany. 
have also signified a desire to employ several of them. A thesis will be prepared ithis year by two of the Senior Electrical 
Engineers on industrial ·power development. 'Dhis paper should be _inter­esting and valua1ble because it will deal with the plant of ilhe Southwest­ern States' Portland Cement Company, at Eagle 'Ford, which uses pro­ducer gas power to drive an electric· equipment for the operation of ma­chinery for ro,;1king Portland cement. The paper will discuss not only filie use of the electrical equipment, ibut also the producer ·plant, gas enl?ines, and the details of the material and methods employed in 
the manufacture of cement. · The Branch of the American J:nstitute of Electrical Engineers has been active !luring the Winter Terin and several papers of interest have been 
presented at the meetings, amongst which may be mentioned "The Talk­ing Arc and its Relation to Wireless Telephony," "Possible Water Powers to be Developed in Texas," "Parallel Operation of .Alternators," "The 
Purchase of Fuel on a British Thermal Unit Basis." 
58 The University Record 
The work of 1the Spring Term in the School of Mines <includes threeone-third courses, i. e., Ore Dep-0~its, Mining Design, and Mining .Drawing.A number of Academic EYtudents always register
Tbe School of 
for the fir.st of these. The latter two are closely
J1111ne11 
correlated, and for this reason the Instructorin Drawing has requested that Mining Drawing ·be given under the di­. rection of the School of Mines. •
The classes in Metallurgy and Ore Dressing supplement othe class-roomwork with laboratory exercises during this term. One of the members
of the Senior clas.s has selected for his thesis the concentration <>f oresby wet methods. 
A. C. S. 
MATTERS OF PUBLIC INTEREST FROM THE MINUTES OF THE
F.AJCULTY 

January 4, 1910.-Upon recommendation of Visitor of Schools Hender­
son add,itional affiliation was extended as follows:
Colorado High School, German, 2 units.
Marshall Hig.h School, Trigonometry, ! unit.
Tivy High School, Kerrville, Physics, 1 unit.
·The following alterations were adopted in. the Catalogue.
On page 31, last paragraph but one, the one course credit towardf! the
degree granted to graduates of the Normal Schools was defined as Solid
Geometry, Trigonometry, and ! not specified.
On-·page 39, second paragraph, the. sentence rubout the "amount of ·work
required as a condition of remaining in the University" was changed to
read:, "First-year students who ·pass in less than two courses in the
Fall or Winter Term, and second-year students and others who pass
in le.as than three courses wiH there.by drop their names from the Uni­
versity rolls for the remainder of the session. Conditional students are
required rto pass in all -0f their courses."
On page 43, fourth paragraph, provision was made that students in
registering must present to the Registration Committee an official copy
of the record of their previous work.
On . page 44, la.st paragraph, with reference to grades, the following·
was inserrted: "To pass in a course, it is necessary to receive a grade
of at least D on both class work and term examination. A student'who receives a grade of F on the work of any term is dropped fromthe cour~e, and· must, df he desires to obtain credit for it, ta:ke tha.tterm's work over again." One page 45, third paragraph, rthe last sentence was changed to read,"In a course continuing beyond one ter.m, the instructor may raise anE of an earlier term to a D because of good work done in a later term,but no grade may be altered later t.han six months after it was handed
in, unless further work has been done in the course in the meantime.''
The effect of this is to prevent the raising of a grade of an earlier
term to more than D because of subsequent work. 
59
The Work of the Winter Term 
On page 46, .after the third paragraph; the followfog was added: "At the end of_ the session the Re!fistrar· will send to each student a state­ment of his work for the session. · The student will be required to present this statement to the Registration Committee in case he wi'alies to re-enrter the University. He is urged, therefore, to preserve it care­fully." . On page &.:!, the last paragraph from the oottom (nof counting the note) was ohanged to read: ·'No work in the Department of Law may be oounted towards the B. A. degree that lis ta!ken up before rthe student attains Junior standing, unless the student has completed more than seventeen courses towards his Arts degree." Heretofore the rule hali been tha.t not more than seven hours of ·1aw work might lbe carried iby CoHege 
students under any circumstances. On page 53, in rplace of the first paragraph, the following was substi­tuted: '~Beginning with the Fall of 1910, a year's College work .of five CO\).rses will be required for admission to the Department of Medioilie. l'he Faculty of the Department strongly recommend that among the five be included English 1, Chemistry l,' ·Zoology 2i, and one course in a foreign fanguage. It is much better, ih.ow(lver, for ·students who intend to .make medicine their profession, to take more college work than a minimum of five courses. ·For students so situated as to make this pos­. eible; one of tbe foilowing groups is suggested. The work of the Fresh­man year is the same in 'both." On page 53, among the r~quirements for. the Junior ye11.r of the first group preparatory to medicine, thj! prescription of Botany .16, Ii courses, was etricken out, and. in. plaice .of it was substituted "Elective, I course." March 1, HHO.-The report of tihe Special Committee on Admission Re­
quirementa was ~pted, and the following change.a ordered: . Iri Civics and liist.ory .together, not more than four units may •be pre­sented. Beginning with 1911, only one unit may be presented ~n Plane Geom­etry in place of Ji. The number of units that may be presented in .Botany and ·Chemistry 
and .. Physic.~ was 'reduced to one in each .case. 
Two unit:1 may be offered from the fol~owing v.ocational subjects: 

Agriculture, ~ or 1. 
Bookk.eerping, !. 
Do1nestic Science, 1 or 2. 
Drawing, l or J. 
Manual Tra.ining, ! or 1. 
Stenography and Typewriting, 1. 
Jt was ordered further that the 0perm1ss1on accorded by the present 

Ot;italog1ie to elllter with a condition of 2 units and without satisfying the foreign language requirement be ext.ended until further notice, in place of coming to an end with the session of 1910-11. But sueh condi­tions must be removed within two years after admission. 
60 The University Record 
A first-grade Staite Certificate was voted to Frances L. McLarty.On recommendation of Visitor of Schools Henderson, affiliation was·withdrawn from the following schools:Luling High School; Rock Springs High School; Runge lligh School;St. Matthews School for Roys, Dallas; ·Weatherford Training Sohool.Affiliation in special subjects was withdrawn. as follow·s:Bastrop High School, Latin.
•San Antonio High School, Gre~k.
Affiliations were extended as follows:
Beaumont High School, American History, ! unit.
Elgin High School, American History, t unit; Civics, ! unit.
Austin Male Academy, Civics, t unit.

John C. Frenoh High School, Cuero, Phy&ics, 1 unit; Physiograpihy,unit; German, increased from 2 to 3 units._Kelley School, Austin, German, 2 units; Spani&h, 2 units; Latin, 3units. St. Mary'i< Academy, Austin, Chemistry, 1 unit; Physics, 1 unit.Seguin High School, American History, 1 unit.Taylor High School, German, 2 units. 
TRANSACTIONS OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS 
MEETIJ\"G OF JANUARY 10, AT AUSTIN 
Miss Roberta Lavender, Instructor in Latin, was g.iven leave of ab&encefor the rema.inder of the current session on account of HI health, and T.
J. Williams, l!'ellqw in Latin, was aippointed to take her classes during herabsence. 
Cass Gilbert, of New York, was appointed University Archlitect and pre­liminary plans prepared by him for the new Lib_rary were accepted. 
ffi'UDENT IN1'EREBTS 
The work of the Winter Term ihas been eminently successful, and hasshown progress in several of the Association Departments. This is par­tieularly true of Bi'ble Study, which was neglect-
Y. K. a. A. ed to some extent in the Fall Term. Immediately af­ter the holidays, the Bible Study chairman and·his committee took up the matter, and as a i·esult classes wereformed in ten of the fourteen fraternity 'houses, and in all the largeboarding houses where there were enough men to constitute a class. Count­ing the University men enrolled thus, and in the several classes of the
Sunday Schools, t.here 1tre now 605 men students who are a.ttending andworking in Bible elasses.The return of the five delegates from the Student Volunteer Conven­tion, held in Rochester, N. Y., December 29 to January 2, gave an impetusto the work of the Association. The University of Texas wa.s represented 
The Work of the Winter Term 
,there by twelve student delegates; Dr. Mlezes also was present. Dr• . Garrison, tOo, was present. for ,a day, on ..his return from the meeting 
of the Histories.I Association in New York City. 
The visit of Dr.. T. D. Sloan and Miss Paxson, of the InternationaI Committee, later on in the term, brought definite results, and there are now ten students in the University who are preparing themselves for Min­isters, P.hysicians, and Teacher.a in Foreign Mission Lands. Five of these 
'fl,re men, others have the mrutter under consideration and will probably decide t·his year. 
.The ·"Life-work iSel'lieli" of lectures is a.Iways an attraetive feature of the Association's work, and so far two very able addresses have been de.Uvered, one hy Attorney-General Lightfoot on "The Legal Profession," and the other by Dr. Frederick Eby on "The Teacher and Eis Opportun­ity." These meetings were very well attended. 
11he hope of the .Association is centered in the •Building, wiiich is now 
up to the first story. All has been paid for thus far, and if subscriptions 
due are parid the work can go right ahead. The need of a home for all 
the men of the University has been long felt, ·and the ambition of the 
Association to fill this need grows stronger as thiis . is realized. The 
Board of Directors is making every effort to see that the building is 
completed and equipped at iJhe ea.rliest d'!IJte possible. The building means 
in1lreaaed responsibility, but brings with it the equivalent of a much 
greater opportun·ity for service. C. C. McN. 
The work of the Young Women's Christian Association for the Wi~ter Term began with the enthusiasm aroused lby 1the delegates wiho attended the Sixth International Convention of the Student 
Y. w. c. A. Volunteer Movement. for •Foreign Missions. Seven 
of. the members, together with iMiiss Louise H. 
Wright and Miss Stuart, the General Secretary, attended this Con­
vention which met in Rochester, N. Y., Decemher 29 to January 2. They 
were: 'Mi.sses Berta· Cooper, Winifred Bos.che, Mary Mobley, Jeannette 
Roe, Lois .Spears, Martha Roberts, and Marguerite Jones. 
Dr. Edwin Mouzon, of Southwestern University, gave a series of six 
addresses on "What is Christianity?" from January 10-17. These proved 
very helpful and inspiring to a number of University women. 
A visit from Miss Ruth Paxson, a travelling 'Secretary of the Student 
Volunteer Movement, in Marc!h, was one of the greatest inspirations 
the Association has had fa years. 
Regular weekiy devotional meetings have 'been held, with a. fairly good 
attendance. rfhe Bible Study Committee arranged for a ledure course 
on the "Life of Christ," given by Dr. Mather, which was largely attended. 
New officers and chairmen for the ensuing year have been elected. They are: President, Winifred Bosche; Vice-President, 'Mattie Gooch; Secretary, Jessie. Butts; Treasurer, Lor·ine Higgin1botham; Bible Study, Berta Cooper (for Sprin!? Term) ; MiR..~ionary, Jeannette Roe; Finance, 
The U nivers#y Record 
Marguerite .Calfee; Memlbership, Laura Lettie .Smith; Social, Mary Mob­ley; Intereollegiate, Virginia Booth; Practical Needs, Mary Speer; Music, Lois Spears; Religious !Meetings, Camille Woilliams. 
M. S. 
The following account. of the annual debate between the Rusk and Arthenaeum .Societies held on January 22 is >Cl~pped from the Tea:an of January 26: The Inter·Soclllt:y "In the presence of more than one thou-Debate 
sand peraons the Athenaeum Literary Society defeated its rival, the ·Rusk, ·last Saturday night in the' annual inter-society debate. The question debated was: Resolved, 'That Texas should adopt, IU! · a permanent .policy, a system of Bank Guaranty whereby all banks tinder State control shall collectively stand behlind each individual bank.' 
"The A thena.eum championed the affirmative and was represented by Messrs. Hoffman, McKinney, McMillan, and Stinson; and the Rusk repre­sented the negative with Messrs. Pleasants, ;Dyess, Capers, and Hutchf-­son, as their ora.tors. Both sides fought for every -inch of their ground, and when the rejoinders had been concluded and the judges had retired, there was a vast division of opinion in the audience as to which society had won the championship. And, too, when the decision was announced it was found that there had likewise been a division of opinion among the judges, two voting ·for the affirmative and one for the negative. The judges for :Places awarded L. S. Hoffman, of. Athenaeum, first place, a prize of $50, and Aaron W. Pleasants, second place, a prize of $25. The other representatives are Stinson and McMillan of Athenaeum and Dyess and Capers of the Rusk. This gives each society three representatives with the championship, first place going to Athenaeum and second place to Rusk. · 
"The six men who won are among ithe very best in the University. They have gone through a long series of preliminaries, in which at least eighty men have .participated. Among these were three who represented th University of Texas in her inter-collegiate debates of last sea.Son. . 
"The work of the winners in Saturday n1ght's conrest is. only beginning. Incumbent upon them is the duty of meeting M'issouri, Colorado, and Louisiana 1State. It will be remembered that the last two were defeated last spring and Texas lest to the first.'' 
The programs of the Girls' Literary Societies for this year are par­ticularly interest·ing and attractive, and, in one respect, at least, the work has been more than usually profitable. It The Girls' Literary all lies quite outside the field covered 1by the regu-Socletles lar · University courses. Through the Literary Society meetings, the girls a.re becoming acquainted 'With foreign as well as very recent literature, and with the gre!lt art and musical compositions 
The Worlc of the Winter Term 63 
of the world. All of these are features which make decidedly for culture and a wider education. The A!lhbel IJiterary Society is studying the ]'rench drama, and, for this reason, -they lhave presented this year in itheir open meeting a play of Fren<'h origin, ,feltnne d'Arc. · The greater part of the Fall Term wa,s taken· up with ithe prepamtion of this play, which was presented in the University Auditol'iium on February 12. The work for the remainder of the Winter Term consisted in a well outlined course in the French drama, beginning with Moli~re and ending in the Spl'ing Term with Rostand. The life of Moli~re,_ the scope of his iworks, his style, his power as a tragedian, along with a discussion of Le Misan.tllll"ope and the plot of Les 8111Vantes were studied and discussed in the first meeting. Next, rthe structure and characterization of -Corneille's J,e Cid were taken up by dif­ferent memberl'I of the ~oclety. The place of Racine in the Flrench drama, a stwiy·of Beaumarchais's Le Barbier de 8eviUe, with regard to its plot structure, the innovations .in French comedy as illustrated in this play, and its effect upon the eighteenth and nineteentli century comedy were treated. iHere the programs for the Winter Term ended, ibut they will be .continued in the Spring Term by a study of Hugo, Musset, Augier, and Rostand. The Sidney Lanier program is also very interesting. They 'have been studying the German Grand Opera, beginning with a general survey of the whole field, and taking up first the most famous operas of Gluck: Semi· ramide, Orpheus, Alcreste, Iphigenia in Aulis, Iphigenia in Tau1"U8. 
Next came a study of ~ozart's life; followed by ·his principal operas: The Marriage of Figaro, Don Giovanni, and The Magic Flute. At the beginning of the Winter Term, the Society was ready for Wagner, to whom, as the greatest figure in German ~rand opera, the largest space was given, the entire Winter Term being devoted to lris position in Ger­man opera and a stmly of his greatest operas: The Flying Dutchman, Tannhauser, Mastersinoers, The Ring of the Nibelung, including The Rhinegold, The Valkyries, Siegfried, and The Dusk of the Gods, ending with Tristan and Isolde, .Parsifal, ·and Lohengrin. ·At the close of this cour.se, the society ha~ the pleasure of an interesting lecture from Mr. Metzenthin on Wagner and Wa,,"Ilerian music. No l~ss interesting has been the course of study carried out by the Reagans for ithe pa.st two -terms. The first term was devoted to a .study of the later Texas writers, such as Flimpson, West, Orgain, .Mcintire, Cranfield, Hilton Greer, Spier, Clara Driscoll, among others. The 'Winter Term began with a new and extremely attractive program, dealing with the great art of all countr.ieR. A lecture on the beginning of pagan art was ·followed by a course in the school of Italian art. as represented by Giotto, Fra Angelico, and Fra Filippo Lippi. The six­teenth century painting ·in Italy, whfoh indudes the great artists Andrea del Sarto, Michael . Angelo, Leonardo de Vinci, Raphael, Corregio, and 
Giorgione ended the work for the Winter Term. The course will be con­
. 64 The U nive1·sity B,ecord 
tinued dn the Spring Term by a study of the Venetian school of art, 
Flemish, Spanish, Dutch, and German art. 
The Pierian Literary Society started into their first year's work with 
two purposes ,in view: the study of our own Southern literature, and 
of explorations and cunent events. The programs are devoted alternately 
to those two phases of the work. 'I1he year's work was begun with the 
Spanish and Italian explorers, Columbus, Amer·igo Vespucci, Balboa, and 
Marco Polo. After this came the South American explorers, the a.dvan­
turers of the P.olar regions, the opening of Thibet, and African exp!i.lra­
tions, which were made parlicularly interesting by 'II. lecture from Dr. 
Kea.sbey, who is an authority on this subject. In the ;programs which 
alternated with these, the Southern writers were considered. F1irst, ~me 
Virginia, the mother of Southern authors. In the first program, the 
political writers of Virginia, ,John Esten Cooke, ithe novelist, Hope, Philip 
Pendleton ·Cooke, were discussed; then Poe was taken up, and discussed 
from the stand1point of Ms life, his rank · as a poet, 118 a short-story 
writer, qnd 118 a master of technique. Continuing the study of thds field 
of ·literature, Preston, Thompson, Ryan, Mrs. Dandridge, Ellen Glasgow, 
Mary Johnston, and Thomas NelBon Page were discussed and tr~ated by 
different members of tl1e Society. Next, the writers of South Carolina 
and Alaibama, including \Simms, Timrod, Hayne, and ·Peck were studied 
by means of sketches and appreciations. Mississippi and Louisiana came 
next in order, and the works of Russell, Stark Young, and George W. 
Ca.ble were read and discussed. The program ended with Georgia.'s two 
moRt famous sons, •Sidney l.Janier and Joel .Chandler Harris. In the next 
term, the Pier.ians will taike up the writers .of Kentucky and Tennessee, 
and the year's work will end with a. consideration of our Texas writers. 
. R. c. 
On the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth of February, Texas 
Alpha ·of Pi ·Beta Phi held a reunion for all P.i Phi's in ·Texl18. '.l1ble 
time was made short lby an initiation !banquet, and re­
The sororttlea ception, and many smaller affairs. The ladies of the 
faculty and the fraternity patronesses were the guests 
at an afternoon tea given the same week in honor of the Pi Phi chaperone, 
Mrs. R!tnd·all, of Temple. The third week tin February iwas made impor­
tamt to. fraternity circles by the \nisit of Miss Edith Stiner, a grand 
president of Kappa Kappa Gamma. She was entertained lby her fra­
ternity with a reception, and the many who attended found .her charming. 
During her visit •Pan Hellenic held an open session so that the Grand 
President. could address the University girls in matters of common in­
terest. It was deeply regretted that her stay 'had to be so brief. 
Early in March Kappa Alpha Theta entertained its province president, 
Miss Ethel Sykes, of Galveston. She is doubly :beloved by them since 
she is an Alumna of the Texas chapter. 
During the Winter Term the University publications ha.ve given variety by getting out a. · 1arge number of "special" editions. The Te:z:an departed fr!)m the usual order of things by allowing each Hudent; Publl· ela.ss to issue one number; the Senior Tea:an beini 
oattc.m 
edited 'by C. · R. Edwards; the Junior by Marion Levy; the. Sophomore by Eugene Thnner; t·he Freshman by Gene Wozen­craft; the JU'nior Law by George Cole; and the .Freshman Engineers by Arthur Dyer: Perhaps the most mrique and interesting of the special editions was the B. Hall number, edited by .Amos Peters. 
The staff ·of ithe Tef»tin still complains of the scarcity of news and the large number of ty•pographica1 errors ma.de by the printers. .As a remedy for this, tlie editorial board a.re trying to induce the Students' Council to furnish funds for a telephone to be placed in the Tea:an office. It is con­tended that this will em\lble them to get more news, a.nd thus will in· crease the paper's circulation. Moreover, the errors of the printers would be more easily corrected. 
'The verse and stories of the Magazine have 1been particularly good dur­ing the Winter Term. Of the girls' literary societies, the :Ashbel con­tributed the most acceptable material. during the Fall and had the privilege of electing the editor-in-chief of the March issue. But a. few days before the c.opy should ha.ve gone in, Mr. Feuille wa.s ·notified that on account of the illness of the ediitor of the special number he would have to bring out a. regul11-r issue. The 11umber thus produced at ehort notice turned out to be a. ver-y creditable and interesting one. The Maga­eifr.e management also has some difficulty er misunderstanding witli its prfoters. Thi11 is evidenced by the frequency rw>ith which advertising mat­ter is interjected into the body of the Mag~ne. Moreover, the editor makes the ~mpla.ints tha.t his •best articles are sometimes purposely omitted by .the printer "in order to save type." 
The "special number" fever struck .the Ooyote, too, and the Dramatic NWmber was the result. Thi11 was both clever a.nd amusing, but some of the witticisms 11.t the expense of University plays were more cutting than kind. The editors are promising an Ea:pose Number to be gotten -0ut in a fow days, in which the follies of the faculty will be chieflY! 
dwelt upon. 
The Cactus is still "in the making," though some details concerning it ha.ye leaked out. The editors have taken particular pains to ml!ke the appearance attractive, BJld the color designs are appropriate and artistic throughout. Tlie size, cover, and a.rra.11c,oement of the ·beauty page is different from that of a.ny former Cactus. .All the engraving work is 
in now, and the printing matter is to be in by the first of April. A. G. 
The University Record 
ALUMNI NOTES 
[The editors of TnE RECORD desire to print all items of interest con­cerning the alumni and ex-s:tudents. Marriages, .births, deaths, business promotions and changes, politi<'!ll and scholastic honors, etc., constitute such items. The editors will lbe sincerely grateful to you for news of y.ourself or other alumni that you know.] 
1886 
R. C . .Crane, LL. B., and H. R. Bondies, of the class of 1901, have formed a partnership for the ·practice of law at Sweetwater. 
1897 
,J. C. McVea, C. E., is engineer for the Houston East and West Texas Railroad, with 1headquarters in Houston. 
1898 
Hon. Tom Connally, LL. B., is a prominent attorney at Marlin. A son has recently been added to his family. 
1899 . 
H. D. Ardrey, B. Lit., was recently elected to the school board of Dal­las by the highest vote polled in the election. 
1900 
0. E. Roberts, LL. B., recently declined a renomination as mayor of Taylor. 
Mr. and Mrs. E. E. Witt, of Waco, will chaperone a party in Europe this summer. Mr. Witt took the B . .A. degree at the University, and Mrs. Witt was .a popular student of the class of 1904. 
1901 
H. R. Bond<ies, LL. B., has formed a partnership with R. C. Crane, of the e.lass of '86. His :W.dress is Sweetwater. 
1902 
Edd~ R. Campbell, LL. B., has formed a partnership in Rous.ton wit}\ Henry F. Fisher and .George D. Sears, of the clas!i\ .Of 1910, 
Miss Ethel Z. Rather, B . .A., M . .A., ihas published her d~ctoral thesi~· in the January number of the Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association. It is entitled "The Recognition of Texan Independence by the United States." Miss Rather took her doctor's degree at Yale in 1908. 
1903 
,J, J. Averitte, B: Lit., LL. B., '07, is practicing law in Dallas. Hie office is in the Gaston National Bank Building. 
The Work of the Winter Term 
Roy Bedichek, B. Lit.•. is. Jiving on a·. section of government land ,at Deming, New Mexfoo, in fiilfillment of the requirements for purchase. 
J.· E. Hackett, B. A., died of tuberculosis at El Paso, February 3, 1910. He ·had been · practicing la~ at Marlin, and was buried there. · He left a wife and baby daughter. 
L. H. Hubbard, B. Lit., wa.s recently elected superintendent of the pub­
liic 	schools· of Belton. 1904 
J. J,. Worley, B. A., who is this year Im1tructor in American History in the Univerlrity, will next year attend Columbia University. 
1905 
C. T. Paul, ex-1905, is mayor of San Angelo. 
1906 
On Wednesday, March 16, Miss Eleanor Brackenridge, B. Lit., was married to Mr. John Laprelle, '07. They are at home in South Austin. 
R. N. Watkin, LL. B., was recently elected to the school board of Dal­
las 	by a strong vote. 1907 
John Laprelle, B. Lit., was married on ~rch 16, to Miiss Eleanor Brackenridge, '06. 
J. Y. Patterson. LJ.... B., is city attorney of Memphis, rrexas. 
19()8 
Miss Mary Eva Hewlett, B. A., wias married on Mar<lh 31, at the First Baptist Church of Bloomfield, New Jersey, to Mr. James Godfrey Martin, Jr. 
. Hugh Lothrop, B. A., will be married on April 26, to Miss Valre Booker of Texarkana. Mr. Lothrop •is manager of a large mercantile busi­ness at Texarkana. 
A. M. McAfee, B. A., has ·been nominated to a fellowship in Ohellllistry at Columbia University. Mr. McAfee is at present Tutor in "Chemistry at the University of rrexas. Hon. R. R. Smith_, !.JL. B., was recently married to Miss Florence Bowen 
of 	Pleasanton. 1909 
Jewel Arnold, I..L. B., is a candidate for county attorney of Rusk county. 
C. E. Hackett, B. A., this year Fellow in Medieval History in the Uni­versity, has been awarded a scholarship in American history for next year · at Leland, Stanford, Jr., University. 
l!llO 
Chris Emmett, ex-'10, ds a candidate for county attorney of Hamil­ton county. 
68 The University Record 
George D. Sears, ex-'10, has formed a law partnership in Houston withHenry F. Fisher, and Edd. R. Campbell, '02. 
THE TEXAJS STATE HISTORIOAL ASSOCIATION 
. The Texas State Histori(?al Association held its · annual meeting onWednesday, Maroh 2. The _<\ssociation was organized for the purposeof furnishing a center for the encouragement of the investigation of Texashi.story as well as an organization with means of publishing matter onthe subject. Texas history has gone through many phases, lbut the ph"asethat has attracted t·he most attention, has of course been the "heroicage," when Texas was !\Vinning her independence from Mexico. Withthe sentiment connected-with thfa period of Texas history the Universityhas identified itself, making March 2, the anniversary of the declarationof T~xas independence, her own particular holiday. Aooordfogly it hasbeen verv natural that the Historical Association, ·wihose interests havenaturall; been connected especially with the same period, ·has followedthe custom of holding its annual meeting on that day. The Associationhas been the means of publishing much material relating to the earlierperiod when Spain was contesting the possession of Tens with the Frenchsettlers of Louisiana and also to the later period when Texas was a Stateof the American Union or ~ member of the Southern Confederacy, butcertainly the chief interest of the members of the Association has beenconnected with the time when the Anglo-American pioneers were winninghomes in Texas or establis'hing the supremacy of the Anglo-American civi­lization. over the civilization of Spain in that country.The annual meeting on March 2 was, as has .been usual, an openmeeting, and the general public was inv·ited to attend. The program con­sisted. of the reading ~f two papers, iby members, who have long takena close interest in the work of the ,Association. · Mr. E. W. Winkler, whois an old contributor to the Qua.rterly of the As•ooiation, read a pa.per entitled "The Journal of a. Bexar Prisoner," consisting of extracts fromthe journal of one of the men who were carried as prisoners .into Mexicoafter the Mexfoan raid that put the Mexican forces into temporary posses­sion of San Antonio. The journal is an old manuscript volume that theState Library has recently acquired from ·its former owner in Harrisbu=Pa. Mr. Winkler's paper was followed by one from Judge Z. T. Fulmor~'.on "Geography and ·History in the Two .Hundred and Forty-five CountyNames of Texas." .Tudge Fulmore classified ihe county names of Texasa.ccording to the period in which the persons for whom the several coun­ties were•named distinguis-hed themselves. He gave ~ome particulars ofthe lives of a number of the less known of the men whom he named.After the formal .program the Association elected its officers for theensuiug year. Judge A. W. Terrell was re-elected president,. and all theother officers were retained except that Mr. J. L. Worley was made corre­sponding secretary-trea.surer. Some twenty new members were added 
The Work of the Winter Term 
to the rolls and Mr. C. T. Neu, of Greenville, who contribuited an article to the Quarterly last year on ''The Case of the Brig Pocket," w:as made · a.n additi.onaJ. fellow of the .Association. J. L. W. 
A. BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR 1909 
The li8t whfoh follows is intended to be a complete record of the books and signed contributions to periodicals written l>y the instruction force of the University and published during· the year 1909. Publications 
appearing after December 31, 1909, have not· been included. It was deemed best not to include in the· present bibliography newspaper ar­ticles or 1book reviews, unless the latter furnished some distinct contribu­. hlon to . scientific knowledge. The information was collected through the medium of a 
circular letter addressed to each member of the.instructing force. Added to this l.ist in one or two cases :w~re unreported articles whfoh appeared in the RECORD last year. Compared with the Bibliography for 1908, the present list is somewhat longer. This increase is in addi­hlon to the articles reported from the Department of Medicine, which department was by oversight not included in the .list last year. Thanks are due to members of the instructing force for promptly reporting the desired information. 
R . .A. L. 
The College of Art.a 
Botany.-Heald, F. D., "The Life History of the Cedar Rust Fungus, G1Jmnosporan,qitim juniperi-virginianre (Schw.) ," Annual Repart, Nebraska Agricril~1iral E1Cperirnent Station, XXII, 105-U3, Pi., XIII. 
Heald, F. n., ".A Species of Discosia on Living Bull Pine Seedlings," Mycologia, pp. 215-217, Pl. XIV ( Septemiber). Heald, F. D., "Symptoms of Disease in Plants," University of Tea:as Bulletin, No. 135, pp. 63 (November) . 
Heald, F . :D., and Pool, Venus ·W., "The Influence of Chemical Stimu­lation upon the Produclion of Perithesis by Melanospora p<Unpeana Speg.," A.nnual Report Ncbra11ka Agricultural Ea:periment Station, XXII, pp. 130­132, Pl. I, II. 
Heald, F. D., Wilcox, E. M., and Pool, V. W., "The Life History and Parasitism of Diplodi<t Zcre (Schw.) ," Annual Report, Nebraska Agrioul· 
tural Ea:periment Station, XXII, pp. 1-7, Pl. X. 
· York, H. H., "The .Anatomy and Some of the Biological' .Aspects of the 
.American Mistletoe, Phoradendron ff,aviscens," Bulletin of the UniVersity 
of Tea:as, No. 120, pp. 31. 

Ohemistry.-Schoch, E. P., "The Behavior of the Nickel .Anode and the Phenomena of Passivity," .American Ohewical Journal, XLI, 232-256 (March). Schoch, ·E. P., "Contribution to Sym:p<lsium on the Teaching of Elemen­tary Chemistry, Number l," School Science and Mathematics (May). 
70 The University Record 
Schoch, E. P., "The EleclromotivP-Force of Nickel and the Effect ofOccluded Hydrogen," .;l.merican Chemical J()!Urnal, XLI, 208-231 (Mkrch) ·Schoch, E. P., "A Fundamental Principle which Should Determine theSequence of Topics in Elementary Chemistry," School Science and Mathe­matics, 534-541 (June). 
. · ·English.-:Baskervill, C. R., "Source and Analogues of How a Man
May Ohoo..:e a Good Wife frrim a Bad," Modern Language Publications,
XXIV, 711-730 (Deceml\x>r) .·Baskervill, C. R., "The &urce of the Main Pfot of Shiirleis LooePricks," Modern Langilage Notes, XXIV, 100-101 (•April).Callaway, Morgan, Jr., "The Incidental Teaching of English," ·The Uni­'Versity of Texas Record, IX, ::!3-45 (January).Callaway, Morgan, Jr., Assistant Literary Editor, Library of SouthernLiteratu1·e, Volumes 1-X, pp. 4686, The Martin a.nd Hoyt· Co.
·Campbell, Killis, "Poe's Indebtedness to Byron," The Nati-Of!,,LXXXVIII, 248-249 (March 11).Campbell, Killis, "Poe and the S()!Uthern Literary Messenger in 1837,"'l'he Nation, LXXXIX, 9-10 (Juiy 1).CllJI!pbell, Killis, "Poe, Stevenson, a.nd B~ranger," The Dial, XLVII,374-:!75 (November 16). Oampbell, Killis, "Bibliographical Notes on Poe," The Nati&n,LXXXIX, 623-.624 1and 647-648 (December 23 and December 30).Griffith, R. H., "Malory, Morte Arthure, and Fierabras," Anglia, XXXII(New series. XX), 389-398 (October).Payne, L. W., Jr., "A Word-Li8t from East Alabama," Bulletin of thtiUniversity of Ter.cas, No. 123, Reprint Series, pp. 117 (May). 
Reprintedfrom Dialect ·~fotes, Volume III, Parts IV and V (1908-1909). .Payne, L. W., .Jr., "A New Southern Poet, Stark Young of Miississippi,"South Atlantic Quarterly, VIII, 4f (October).
Young, Stark, "The Garden of Psyche," (·Poem). The Forum, XLII,li3-176 (August). 
History.-Bariker, E. C., "James H. C. ·Miller and Edward·Gritten,'' TheQuarterly of the Tea;as State Historical Association, XIII, 145-153 (Oc­tober). 
Garrison, G. P., editOr, Diplomatic Oorrespondence of the Republic' ofTexas, Part I 
(Volume II of the Annual Report of the American His­torical Association for 1907); pp. 646, Government Printing Office.Ram~dell, 'C. W., "Presidential Reconstruction in .'l'exas," Quarterly ofthe Texcrn .'?tat~ Historical A.ssociation, XU, 204-230 (January).Latin.-Fay, E. W., ."Education through the Study of Words/' Univer­sity of 'I'exas Record, IX, 15-26 (January).Fay,' E. W., "The Latin ~l\.ccnsatives, med, ted, etc.," Olassical Philology,IV, 301-310. Fay. E. W., "J,atin Word-StudieR," Classical Quarterly, III, 272-278.Fay, E. \V., "Notes on Latin Words," Kuhn's Zeitsohrift fuer
vergleichende Sprachforschung, XLII, 382. 
. The Wo.rk of the Winter 'l.'erm 
FaY,, E: W., Postscript to .above, ibid., XLIII, 120. Fay, E. W., "Synthesis Doliolorum Dresseliana," America-n Journal of Philology, :XXX, 121-138. Fay, E. W., "Word-Studies;'' "Kuhn's Zeitschrift fuer vergleichende Sprach.fnrschung, LIU, 154;160. l'hilosophy.-Yoakum, C. S., "An Experimenta.l Study of Fatigue," Psy<(holo,gical Review, M'onograph Supplement, XI, pp. 131-(August). 
YoaJ...'Um, C. 8,, "Some Experiments Upon the Behavior of Squirrels,'' Journal of Oomparative Neurology and Psychology, XIX, 541-568 (No­vember). 
Phy.tics.-Mather, W. T., "Religious Activities of the University of 'J."exas," Bulletin of the University of Texas, No. 129, pp. 53 . . Shuddi>magen, C. L. B., "Re~idual Charges in Dieleetrfo.s," Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and .Sciences, XLIV, 467-521 (May). 
Shuddemagen, C. L. B., and Morse, H. W., "The. Properties of an .Aluminum Anode," Proceedings of the A-merican Academy of Arts and liJoiences, XLIV, 367-397 (March). 
Political Science.~ohnaon, Alvin S., Introduction to Economics, pp. 4-04. D. C. Heath & Co . . Potts, C. S., "RailrO'.l.d Transportation in TeX'S.a,'' Bulletin of the Uni­vers'ty of Texas, ·No. 119, pp. 214. . Public Speaking.-Shurter, E. D., Representative College Orations, pp. 405, The Macmillan .company. · Romance Languages.-Hubbard, Alice P., Vooaibulary to Valdes's Jos6, Davidson, F..J . .A., editor, D. C. Heath & Co. 7.or;Zogy.-Newman, H. H., ."Contact Organs dn the Killiil.shes of Wood's Hole," B.fological Bulleti.n, XVII, 170-180 (July). Newman, H. H., "The Question of Viviparity in Fundulllts Majalis," Science, N. S., XXX, 769-771. 
Newman, H. H., and Patterson, J. T., "}J.. Case of Normal Identical Qu~d~pl,e~s in the ~ine-ban:ded. Armadillo, and its ,Bearing on the Prob­lems of Identical Twins and of Sex Determin11.tio11,'' Biological Bulletin, 
~VI!,, 181-18? (~ug1ist). ., · ·.. 
· Ne'IVman, H. H., and Patterson, J. ,T., "Field Studies Jin t}ie J3ehavio,r of the Lizard Sceloporu,s Spi;n.(>s1is Fl;iri!1anu4,'' Bulletin of the Univer­s:itft of Texas, No. 137, pp. 24. . 
Patte;son, J; T:, "Castrulation in the Pige0~'a Egg-a Morphologic!l,l an~ Experit11ental Study," Journal of .V.<>rphology, L"'{, 65-123 (April). Patterson, J. T., "4n E~perimenta~ Study on the ,Development of the Va,~cµlar .A,~~ of the Ohick Blastoderm,'' Biological Bulletin, XVI, S3-90 
(Februari>: · ' .· . . . 
. Pa.t~rson, J. T., "N:ote on the Accessory Cleavage in the Hen's Egg," 
Science, XXIX; 825-826 (May). . 
Department of Education 
Farrington, F. E., "Practice Work in University Departments of Edu­ca.tion," Observation and Practice Teaching in College and University 
Departments of Nducation, pp. 3-38, Pa.pers prepared for the National
Society of College Teachers. of Education, 1909. Reprinted, .Bulletin of
the Unwersiiy of Teaxu, No. ·134. 
Sutton, W. S., "Athletic Competition in College and Prepa.ratorySchool," Proceedings of the Nat{ona! Education Association for 1909, 769.Sutt.on, W. S., "The Miission of the 1Conference for Education in Texas,"·rhe Unwersity of Texas Record, IX, 5-14 (January).Sutton, W. S., "The Professional Side of County Supervision," Te111asSchool Magazine, XII, 5 (August).Sutton, W. 8., "1The Province of the Common ·People in the Adminis­tration of Public Education," Proceedings of the National Education As­sociation for 1909, 421.Sutton, W. S., "The Significance of .Christian Education in the Twen­tieth Century," The University of Texas Record, IX, 263-276 (July) . 
Depanment of Engineering 
Electrical Engineering.-Scott, A. C., "Comparative Tests of Trans­
formers," /IJlectrical World, LIU, 326-329, Figs. 1-22 (•February 4).
Scott, A. O., "Decrease in Weight of Lignite -in Transit," PotlX!Jr and
the Engineer, XXX, 842-843 (May 11).
Scott, .A. C., "Lamps for Residence Illumination; Their Characteristicsand Comparative Economy of Operation," Southwestern "Electrician, V,21-24 (May) ; and Proceetffi.ngs of Southwestern Electrical and Gas Asso­ciation for 1909. 
Scott, .A. C., "Lignite and its Relation to Other Fuels of the South­west," Electrical Worl.d, LIV, 879-982 (October 21).Scott, A. C., "Steam Consumption Tests of a 500 K. W. Turbo-~era­tor Set," Electrical World, LIII, 1087-1088, ·Fig. 1 (May 6). 
Department of Eztelllllon 
Benedict, H. Y., "The Co-operative .Society of the University of Texas,"The Unwersity of Texas Record, IX, 45-51 (January). 
Depanment of Law 
Hildebrand, I. P., Cases on Private Corporations, pp. 375, published byProfessor E. H. Warren. 
Townes, J. C., La10 Books and How to Use Them, pp. 191, publi&hed
by the author. 
Department of llediclne 
.Austin, A. E., "Enterokinase in Infancy," Journal of Medical Researoh,XX, 137 (February). 
Austin, A. E., "The Enzymatic Destrucl.ion of Uric Acid," Lavori eRivisite Iii Ohimica e Microscopia Clinica, I, 104 (June).
Keiller, William, "Address before .the Department of Medicine," TheUniversity of Tell!as Record, IX, 257-263 (July).
Plant, 0. H., "An Experimental Study of the Use of Nitrites in .Acci­
1'he Work of the Winter Term 
dents Occuriing during _.<\nresthesia," Texas State Journal of Medicine, V, (September). Sappington, H. 0., "Eclampsia," The University .Hectical, XIV (De· cember). Terrill, J. J., "Modern Practit.ioners of Medicine," The University of Te(/Jas Record, IX, 27-33 (January) . Terrill, J. J., "Some Hypernephromata," Temas State Journal of Medi­cine, V, 298"301 (December). 
Bureau of Eoonomio Geology 
Phillips, W. B., "Iron Ores of Llano County, Texas,'' Manufacturers' Rec<Yrd (July 15). Phillips, W. B., " Present Condition of the Quicksilver Industry in Texas," Engineering and Mining Journal (November 20) . 

THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS BULLETIN 
(Continued from inside front cover.) 
HUMANISTIC SERIES 
2. 	The Evolution of "Causa" in the Contractual Obligations of the Civil Law, by Samuel Peterson. 24 p. January, 1905. 25 cents. 
3. De Witt's Colony, by Ethel Z. Rather. 99 p., 4 maps. 1905. 35 cents. 
5. 	
The Grotesque in the Poetry of Robert Browning, by Lily B. Campbell. 41 p. April, 1907. 25 cents. 

6. 	
The Beginnings of Texas, by R. 0. Clark. 94 p., map. December, 1907. 75 cents. 

7. 	
Railroad Transportation in Texas, by C. S. Potts. 214 p., 6 maps, charts. March, 1909. $1.50. 


MEDICAL SERIES 
1. 	Yellow Fever: a Popular "Lecture, by James ~Carroll. 32 p. June, 1905. 15 cents. 
2. The Care of the Insane, by Dr. M. L. Graves. 16 p. 1905. 15 cents. 
3. 	The 1903 Epidemic of Yellow Fever in Texas, and the Lesson to be Learned from it, by Dr. G. R. Tabor. 22 p. June, 1905. 15 cents. 
[SCIENTIFIC SERIES 
5. 	
Test of a Vertical Triple Expansion High-Duty Pumping Engine in Opera­tion at the Water Works, San Antonio, Texas, by A. C. Scott. 52 p. illus. pl. June, 1905. 35 cents. 

6. 	
Vegetation of the Sotol Country in Texas, by W. L. Bray. 24 p., pl. June; 1905. 25 cents. 

7. 	
Observations on the Habits of Some Solitary Wasps of Texas, by Carl Hart­man. 72 p., pl. July, 1905. 25 cents. 


LS. The Protection of Our Native Birds, by T. H. Montgomery, Jr. 30 p. Octo­ber, 1906. 25 cents. 
9. 	The Austin Electric Railway System, by members of the Senior Class ia Electrical Engineering, 1906. 123 p., illus. pl. 1906. 50 cents, 
10. 	
Distribution and Adaptation of the Vegetation of Texas, by W. L. Bray, 108 p., pl. map. November, 1906. 35 cents. 

11. 	
A Sketch of the Geology of the Chisos Country, by J. A. Udden. 101 Pl April, 1907. 50 cents. 


12. The Clays of Texas, by Heinrich Ries, 316 p., illus. pl. 1908. $2.00. 
13. 
The American Mistletoe, by H. H. York. 31 p., pl. 1909. 50 cents. 

14. 	
Symptoms of Disease in Plants, by F. D. Heald. Illus. November, 1909 $1.00. 

15. 	
Field Studies ofthe Behavior of the Lizard Sceloporus Floridanus, by H. H. Newman and J. Thomas Patterson. 23 p., illus. December,'.1909. 25 cte. 


To those who desire it a complete list of the publications of the University of Texas will be furnished. Requests for this or for bulletins should be ad­dressed to the University of Texas Bulletin, Austin, Texas. Exchanges should be addressed to the University of Texas Library. 





THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS 

Co-educational. 
ANNUAL EXPENSES, $180 AND UPWARDS 
MAIN UNIVERSITY AT AUSTIN 
COLI1EGE OF ARTS: Courses leading to the Degrees of Bachelor and Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy. 
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION: Professional courses ers, leading to elementary and permanent certificates. 
ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT: Degree courses in civil, electrical and mining engineering. 
LAW DEPARTMENT (in its new building): Three-year cou~ leading to Degree of Bachelor of Laws, with State license; course leading to Degree of Master of Laws. 
SUMMER SCHOOL: Regular University and Normal courses; seven 
weeks. 
Session of 1910 begins June 18. 
For catalogue address 

THE REGISTRAR, University Station, Austin. 
DEPARTMENT OF EXTENSION: I. Correspondence Division, offering courses in various University schools, for '!hich registration may take place at any time. II. Public Discussion and Informa­tion Division through bibliographies and traveling libraries supplying information on current problems. III. Lecture Division, presenting members of the University Faculty in popular lectures, singly or in series. 
For catalogue address THE DIRECTOR OF EXTENSION, University Station, Austin. 
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT AT GALVESTON 
Four-year course in medicine; two-year course in pharmacy; three-year course in nursing. Thorough laboratory training. Exceptional dinical facilities in John Sealy Hospital. University Hall, a dor­mitory for women students of medicine. 
For catalogue address THE DEAN, Medical College, Galveston.