Publications of the University of Texas Publications Committee: FREDERIC DUNCALF C. T. GRAY _ KILLIS CAMPBELL E. J. MATHEWS D. B. CASTEEL C. E. ROWE F. W. GRAFF A. E. TROMBLY The University publishes bulletins six times a month, so numbered that the first two digits of the number show the year of issue, the last two the position in the yearly series. (For example, No. 1701 is the first bulletin of the year 1917.) These comprise the official publications of the University, publications on humanistic and scientific subญjects,-bulletins prepared by the Bureau of Extension, by the Bureau of Government Research, and by the Bureau of Ecoญnomic Geology and Technology, and other bulletins of genญeral educational interest. With the exception of special numญbers, any bulletin will be sent to a citizen of Texas free on request. All communications about University publications should be addressed to University_ Publications, University of Texas, Austin. 12-29-20-1357-6274-lm University of Texas Bulletin No. 2065: November 20, 1920 The Seed Plants, Ferns, and Fern Allies of the Austin Region By Mary Sophie ) oung, Ph.D. PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY SIX TIMES A MONTH,-AND ENTERED ASJ SECOND-CLASS MATTER AT THI! POSTOFFICE AT AUSTIN, TEXAS, UNDBR THE ACT OF AUGUST 2i, 1912 The benefits of education and of useful knowledge, generally diffused throuch a community, are eHential to the preservation of a free governญment. Siam Houston Cultivated mind is the guardian cenius of democracy. . • . It is the only dictator that freemen acknowlญedge and the only security that freeญmen desire. Mirabeau B. Lamar PREFACE The manuscript for this publication was prepared by Dr. Mary Sophie 1;oung from material of two sources: her own collections and those placed in the herbarium by various other botanists who preceded her at the University of Texas. It embodies, with very few exceptions, only those species whose identity she considered un questionable, leaving out numerous other species which she conญsidered doubtfully placed or perhaps undescribed. While a majority of the species to be found in the vicinity of Austin are certainly inญcluded, this work is not to be expected to include them all. It repญresents six years of as intensive colfoction as was possible for an enthusiastic, enegetic, and thoroughly capable person who was doing at the same time a full share of teaching work. Very few, if any, specimens found in the herbarium when she began were not verified or corrected by her own collections. But to obtain what would justly be termed a complete representation of practically all the species to be found in the Austin region will require many years of intensive collection on the part of a corps of workers whose full time shall be devoted to this work alone. Nevertheless, this bulletin does conญstitute an invaluable foundation upon which subsequent workers may build with comparative ease. With exceptional skill Dr. Young has in it not only blazed a trail; she has actually builded a highway. The manuscript was complete except the preface at the time of her death, March 5, 1919. It is here offered without amendments other than the insertion of a few descriptions where she had indicated her purpose to put them. Planned to supplement her Key to the Families and Genem of the Wild Plants of Austin, Texas, it should be used in conjunction with that work. The two together should bring the identification of the commoner plants of central Texas within the power of any person who is reasonably intelligent and who is willing to devote a little time to familiarizing himself with a few technical terms which are essential to brevity and clearness in description. With. certainty that it constitutes a valuable contribution to the science of systematic botany, and with confidence that it will fill a need expressed by frequent letters of request for reference to "some work that will enable one to know the wild flowers of Texas," thus stimulating interest in a study of systematic botany on the part of lay students over the state, this posthumous publication is offered the Texas public. B. C. THARP. Nov. 8, 1920. Department of Botany, University of Texas. THE SEED PLANTS, FERNS AND FERN ALLIES OF THE AUSTIN REGION PTERIDOPHYTES OPHIOGLOSSALES OPHIOGLOSSACEAE Adder'a-tonsue Family Ophkglossum Engelmanni Prantle. Adder's Tongue. Rich soil in woods near dam. Southeastern states. FILICALES SCHIZAEACEAE Curley-sraaa Family Anemia mexicana KL. (Ornithopteris mexicana Underw.). Rich soil in moist shaded slopes in "Devil's Hollow" a tributary canyon of the Colorado about 10 miles above Austin. A large fem with glossy leathery leaves of which the lowest pair of pinnae are elongated and spore-bearing. Texas and Mexico. POLYPODIACEAE Adiantum CapiUus-veneris L. Maidenhair fern. Our most common fern. Very abundant on moist rock bluffs, over-hanging the river and in ravines. Warm temperate regions. Asplenium resiliens Kuntze. Spleen wort. On rock bluffs in ravines. A small fern with slender pinnate leaves. Southeastern states, Mexico and Jamaica. Cheilanthes alabwmensis Kuntze. Lip-fern. On rock bluffs in ravines. The leaves are twice pinnate and some of the segments lobed. Southeastern states to Mexico. Dryopteris patens Kuntze. Shield-fern. A large, showy fern, with leaves erect or ascending, three or four feet long. Bull Creek region. Southeastern states, California and Tropical America. University of Texas Bulletin Notholaena dealbata Kuntze. On rock bluffs along Barton Creek and Onion Creek. A small fern with its leaflets whitened below. Southern central states. Pellaea atropurpurea Link. Cliff-brake. Rock bluffs in ravines. The leaves are twice pinnate below, once above. The leathery leaflets are .spore-bearing around their marญgins. The rachis is black. Widespread in North America. Pellaea fiexuosa Link. Moist ravines. Larger than the preceding with leaves thrice pinญnate. Easily recognized by its pink zigzag rachis divisions. A very beautiful and singular fern. California to Texas and Mexico and in South America. Polypodium polyp<>dioides A. S. Hitchcock (P. incanum Sw.). Polyญ pody. A small fern growing on tree trunks. The leathery evergreen leaves are covered on the under surface with reddish-centered gray scales. Southeastern states and tropical America. SALVINIALES MARSILEACEAE Mafailea Family Marsilea vestita Hook & Grev. Water Fern. Abundant in muddy ground along creeks. A slender stemmed creeping perennial with leaves similar to a 4-leafed clover. Widespread in North America. EQUISETALES EQUISETACEAE Horsetail Family Equisetum robustum A. Br. Horsetail, Scouring Rush. Along the bank of Barton Creek above the bridge, and on Walnut Creek. A leafless rush-like plant with hollow, pointed stems. Widespread in North America. Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region L YCOPODIALES SELAGINELLACEAE Selaainella Family Selaginella apus Spring. Creeping Selaginella. Wet ground along Onion Creek. A delicate creeping, moss-like plant. Widespread in eastern North America. Selaginella arenicola Underw. Abundant in the post oak woods. It has the appearance of a coarse moss with tl:ie stem tip upright and tufted. Southeastern states. GYMNOSPERMS PINALES (CONIFERALES) JUNIPERACEAE Juniper Family Taxodium distichum L. C. Rich. Cypress, Swamp Cypress, Bald Cypress. Along the Colorado River, and on Onion Creek. A large and beautiful deciduous conifer tree, abundant fo the cypress swamps of east Texas. Occurring in similar habitats in the Atlantic and Gulf coastal regions and in the southern Mississippi Valley. Sabina sabinoides Small. (Juniperus sabinoides Sargent) Mountain Cedar. Abundant on limestone hillsides, especially of the Edwards Plateau, often forming pure cedar forests. A Texas and New Mexican species, probably derived from S. virญginiana. Sabina virginiana Antoine. (Juniperus virginiana L.). Red Cedar. Occasional in the valleys, and in the more moist woods with S. sabiญnoides. The berries are smaller than those of the preceding species and the twigs more slender. The common red cedar of the eastern states. GNETALES GNETACEAE Gnetum Family Ephedra nevadensis Wats. Joint Fir. A leafless shrub with slender, jointed, green branches, found in a few places on the bluffs of the ~rado River and Barton Creek. A characteristic plant of the ~id southwest. University of Texas Bulletin ANGIOSPERMS I. MONOCOTYLEDONS PANDANALES .TYPHACEAE Cat.tail Family Typha latifolia L. Cat-tail. In the ponds of the Insane Asylum and of the University campus. One of the most wide-spread of plants. In ponds throughout alญ most the entire northern hemisphere. NAIADALES ZANICHELLIACEAE, Pondweed Family (Under Naiadaceaae) Zanichellia pa,lustris L. Horned Pondweed. Abundant in Barton Creek and the Asylum ponds, growing subญmerged. A delicate, slender plant with narrow leaves. Widespread in the northern hemisphere. Potamogeton lucens L. Pondweed. Abundant in Barton Creek and in the ponds of the Asylum. Subญmerged, except the flower stalks and flower clusters. Widespread in North America and Europe. ALIS MALES ALISMACEAE Water-plantain Family Sagitta,ria platyphylla J. G. Smith. Arrow-leaf, Arrow-head. Abundant in. Barton Creek. Partly submerged. Its leaf blades and clusters of white flowers exserted from the water. Ponds and swamps of the southern Mississippi Valley and Texas. POALES (GRAMINALES) POACEAE (GRAMINEAE) Graaa Family Tribe A rdropogonea,e Amphilophis saccharoides (Sw.) Nash. Beard Grass. Abundant in dry ground. Andropogon a,rgyraeus Schult. Silver Beard Grass. Abundant in dry open grounds. Southeastern states. Seed Plants, Ferris, Fern Allies of the Austin Region Andropogon glomeratus B. S. P. Near the mouth of Barton Creek, along the stream. Southern states.ท ท Schizachyrium scoparium Nash. (Andropogon scoparius_ Michx. Broom Grass. Blue-stem. In dry open ground, along railroad tracks and roadsides. Widely distributed throughout the eastern and central states. Sorghastrum nutans Nash. Indian Grass. Waste ground along railroad tracks. A coarse grass; four or five feet tall. Widespread in the eastern United States. Sorghum halepense }>ers. Johnson Grass. Abundant everywhere in fields and waste places. Introduced from Europe and Asia. . Widely distributed in .. the southern and eastern states. Tribe Zoysieae Hilaria texana Nash. (H. cenchroUles var. texana Vasey.) . Creeping Mesquite. Abundant on dry hillsides and in open ground along railroad tracks, etc. From central Texas to Arizona and Mexico. Nazia ahiena Scribn. Prickle-grass, Burdock-grass. Occasional in waste places. Along railroad tracks. Introduced from Europe and Asia. Abundant in the Rio Grande Valley and near the. Gulf Coast. Tribe Tristegineae Limnodea arkansana pilosa Nash. Abundant in dry ground. Louisiana and Texas. Tribe Paniceae Cenchrus tribuloides L. Grass Bur. Bur-grass. Sand Bur. (C. carolinianus Walt. not C. tribuloides Britton and Brown.) Dry open ground. University campus, etc. Abundant and very troublesome in lawns. Widespread throughout the eastern and central states. University of Texas Bulletin Chaetochloa composita Scribn. Foxtail Grass. Common in low &"round. South-central states and tropical America. Chaetochloa glauca Scribn. Pigeon Grass. Yellow Foxtail. (Setaria glauca L.) Waste places. University campus. Widespread in North America. Native of Europe, Chaetochloa verticillata Scribn. (Setaria verti.cillata Beauv.) Foxญ tail Grass. Roadsides and wasteท places. Introduced from Europe. Widespread in the United States. Echinochloa colona Link. (Panicum colonum L.) Jungle Rice. Low ground and cultivated fields. Southeastern states. Panicum cognatum Schult. (P. autumnale Bose.) Fall Witch Grass. Dry and waste ground. Widespread in the eastern and central states. Pani.cum fuscum Sw. University campus. Southern Floridaท and Texas. Panicum Helleri Nash. Dry, rocky hillsides. Southern Texas. Pani.cum Lindheimeri Nash. Rather rare. Southeastern states. Pani.cum obtusum HBK. Wire Grass. Cultivated ground, University campus. Southern plains states. Panicum Reverchonii Vasey. "Chaparral Millett.". Roadsides, etc. \ Texas. Panicum Scribnerianum Nash. Dry hillsides. Roadsides. Widespread in eastern and central states. Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 11 Panicum texanum Buckl. Texas Millet. Waste or cultivated ground. A tall grass easily recognized by its velvety leaves. Texas prairies. Paspalwm Hallii Vasey and Scribn. (P. pubifl-Orum Rupr.) Moist soil along roadsides. East Texas and Louisiana. Paspalum stramineum Nash. Roadsides, etc. Southern-central states. Syntherisma sanguinate Dulac. (Panicum sanguinale L.) Crab Grass. Finger Grass. Cultivated ground. Introduced from Europe. . Widespread in North America. Tribe Oryzeae Homolocenchrus oryzoides Poll. Rice Cut Grass. Waller Creek. Widespread in North America, Europe, and Asia. Tribe Phalarideae Phalaris caroliniana Walt. Canary Grass. Southern Canary Grass. Moist soil. Abundant in the flood plain of Waller Creek. Southern states: South Carolina to California. Tribe Agrostideae Alopecurus geniculatus L. Meadow Foxtail. Water Foxtail. In wet soil. Rare here. Widespread in central and eastern states. Aristidw lxmgisefo, Steud. Needle Grass. Triple Awn Grass. Abundant in dry ground. University campus. From Washington and Montana to Texas and Mexico. Aristida purpurea Nutt. Needle Grass. Triple Awn Grass. Abundant in dry ground. University campus, etc. Southern-central states. Sporobolus vagi'naeflorus Torr. Southern Poverty Grass. Sheathed Rush Grass. Porcupine Grass. Common on roadsides in dry places. University campus. Eastern and central states. University of Texas Bulletin Stipa leucotricha Trin. Needle Grass. Awn Grass. Porcupine Grass. Abundant in dry fields, roadsides or open woods. University camญpus, etc. Texas. Tribe A veneae .Trisetum interruptum Buck!. Dry soil. University campus, etc. Texas. Tribe ChWrideae Atheropogon curtipendulus Tourn. (Bouteloua curtipendula Torr.) Tall Mesquite Grass. Side Oats. Grama Grass. Common in dry soil. University campus, etc. Common in the prairie states and eastward. Bouteloua hirsu.ta Lag. (B. hirta Scribn.) Hairy Grama Grass. Black Grama Grass. Mesquite Grass. Dry ground. Prairies of the central states. Boutelou trifida Thurb. Mesquite Grass. Dry hillsides. Texas and Arizona. BulbiliB dactyloides Raf. Buffalo Grass. Dry ground. University campus, etc. Plains and prairies of the central states. Capriola dactylon Kuntze. Bermuda Grass. Abundant everywhere. Used extensively for lawns. Naturalized from Europe. Abundant in the southeastern states. Chloris cucullata Bisch. Gravelly soil. Texas. Chloris tenuispir,a Nash. University campus, etc. Texas. Chloris verticillata Nutt. Windmill Grass. Dry soil. University. campus, etc. f\rkansas to Kansas and Texas. Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 13 Eleusine indica Gaertn. Yard Grass. Crab Grass. Wire Grass. Goose Grass. Waste placeทs. Throughout almost the whole of North America. Leptochl-Oa mucronata Kunth. Feather Grass. Abundant locally in meadows. Southern states. ท Polyodon texanus Nash. (Bouteloua texana S. Wats.) Texas Grama Grass. Abundant on dry hillsides. Texas and Oklahoma. Tribe Festuceae Bromus secalinus L. Chess, Cheat. Roadsides and waste places. Naturalized from Europe. Widespread in North America. Bromus purganlf texensis Shear. ท Bluffs of the Colorado River. Moist soil. Texas. Bromus unioloides HBK. Rescue Grass. Brome Grass. Arctic Grass. Common everywhere. University campus, etc. Waste and cultiญvated ground. One of the first grasses to bloom in the spring. Southern states and Mexico. ' Eragrosti,s capillaris Nees. Lace Grass. Tiny Love Grass. Dry :woods. Eastern and central states. Eragrostic pi1Josa Beauv. Hairy Spear Grass. Slender Meadow Grass; Widespread in eastern United States. Introduced from Europe. Eragrostic secundiflora Presl. (E. interrupta Trelease.) Clustered Love Grass. Central states and Mexico. Dry woods. Erioneuron pilosum Nash. Abundant on dry rocky hillsides. Southern-central states. Kansas to Nevada and south to Mexico. Festuca octoflora Walt. Slender Fescue Grass. Abundant in dry and waste roadsides, along railroad tracks, etc. Widespread in North America, more abundant in the southern states. University of Texas Bulletin Melica mutica Walt. Narrow Melic Grass. Colorado River bluffs at Deep Eddy, in rich moist soil. Eastern and.central states. Poa annua L. Annual Poa. Abundant in waste and cultivated grounds. The first grass to bloom in the spring or winter. Naturalized from Europe. Found throughout ทnearly the whole of North America. Poa arachnifera Torr. Texas Blue Grass. Moist ground in the valley of Shoal Creek. Southern-central states. Rhombolytrum a.lbescens Nash. (Sieglingia albescens Kuntze.) White Prairie Grass. Along the I. & G. N. Railroad. Prairies of the southern-central states. Tridens albescens W. & S. (Triodia albescens Bent.; Tricuspis alญbescens Munro) . ทPrairies of southern Texas and New Mexico. Kansas to Texas, and New Mexico. Tridens -muticus Nash. (Sieglingia mutica Kuntze.) Dry hillsides. Mt. Bonnell. Texas to Arizona and in northern Mexico. Uniola latifolia Michx. Wild Oats. Broad-leaved Spike Grass. Moist soil. Rich soil of shaded river bluffs. Eastern and central states. Tribe H ordeae Elymus canadensis L. Wild Rye. Lyme Grass. Moist ground. Shoal Creek Valley, etc. Central states. Hordeum pusillum Nutt. Wild Barley. Agundant in dry soil, waste and cultivated places. Central states, Wyoming and California. Lolium perenne L. Rye Grass. Rare here. Naturalized from Europe. Widespread in the United States. Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 15 CYPERACEAE, Sedce Famil,. Carex amphi6ola Steud. Hillsides and. ravines of the Edwards Plateau. Eastern and central states. Carex cherokeensis Schwein. Moist ground along stream. Bee Creek. Southern state!!. Carex triangularis Boeck!. Low ground, Shoal Creek yalley, etc. Southern central state!!. Cyperus ferax Vahl. Wet soil. Barton Springs. Warm and tropical regions of America. Cyperus filiculmis Vahl. Dry woods. Central and southern states and northern Mexico. Cyperus rotundus L. Nut-grass. Abund,ant in I.awns and roadsides in Austin. A serious pest. Southern states and tropical America. Dichromena colorata Hitchcock. Whitetop. Not abundant here. Coastal plain states from New Jersey to Texas. Dichromena nivea Boeckl. Whitetop. A smaller species than the preceding. Abundant along the borders of streams and .in swampy ground along railroad tracks. Barton Creek. Southern states and the tropic!!. Fuirena simplex Vahl. Western Umbrella-grass. Wet soil. Barton Springs, Shoal Creek, etc. Nebraska, Texas, and Mexico. Scirpils vatidus Vahl. Bullrush. Swamps." Not common here. Widely distributed throughout North America. Unive_rsity of Texas Bulletin ARALES ARACEAE Arum Family Muricauda Dracontium Small. (Ariaaema dracontium Schott.) Green Dragon. Dragon Root. Moist rich soil on shaded bluffs of the Colorado River and Bull Creek. Eastern and Central states. LEMNACEAE Duckweed F<&mily Lemna cyclostasa Chev. Waller Creek. Similar to the following but obscurely one nerved plant, body oblong or nearly so. Widespread in the United States. Also in Jamaica and South America. Lemna minor L. Duckweed. Abundant in stagnant pools and in still water of creeks, forming a green scum over the water. The plant is a thin disk-like body about 4 mm. in diameter with a single root. From oval to nearly circular with a papillate midrib. Widespread over almost the whole -0f North America. XYRIDALES CO!'dMELINACEAE Spiderwort Family Commelina angustifolia Mich. ( ?) Com:m,elina criapa Wooton. Curly-leaved Day-flower. Leaves crisped. Rocky hillsides. ท Southern central states. Commelina erecta L. Day Flower. Southeastern United States and tropical America. Commelina virginica L. Day Flower. Moist hillsides. Central and southeastern United States and tropical America. Tradescantia gigantia Rose. Spiderwort. Fields and roadsides. A tall, erect species with a stout stem two or three feet high. Tradescantia occidenta.lis Brit. Spiderwort. Rocky hillsides. Central states to the Rocky Mountains. Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 17 Tradescantia. A form similar to T. virginiana. PONTEDERIACEAE Pickerel-Weed Family Heteranthera dubia McM. (H. graminea Vahl.) 'wat.er Star-grass. In Barton Creek. Submerged, but with its ทyellow flowers exsert.ed. Widespread throughout the United States in still water. BROMELIACEAE Pine-Apple Family Dendropogon usneoides Raf. (Tillandsia usneoides L.) Spanish Moss. Long Moss. Florida Moss. Abundant on trees in ravines, as the valleys of Shoal Creek and Waller Creek where the air is more moist than on the uplands. Pendent in long festoons from the branches of the trees. Southern states and Central America. More common near the coast. Tillandsia recurvata L. Ball Moss. Abundant on trees on the uplands; growing in small tufts; not pendent. Texas, Mexico and tropical America. LILIALES MELANTHACEAE (Under Liliaceae) Bunch~Flower Family Schoenocaulon Drwmnn-0ndii A. Gray. Dry soil, roadsides and hillsides in open places. A prairie plant of Texas and Mexico. Toxicoscordion Nuttalii Rydb. (Zygadenus Nuttalii S. Wats.) Level uplands of the Edwards Plateau. A prairie plant of the southern central states. JUNCACEAE Rush Family Juncus dichot.omus Ell. Rush. Wet ground. Mostly near the coast. Massachusetts to Texa~. ALLIACEAE (Under Liliaceae) Onion Family Allium canadense L. Meadow Garlic. Moist ground; flood plain of Onion Creek. Most of the flowers are replaced by bulblets. Easternทstates. University of Texas Bulletin Allium Helleri Small. (A. Nuttalii Wats.) Wild Onion. Garlic. Abundant in open ground. One of our 'conspicuous spring wild flowers, with beautiful pink or sometimes white flowers. Stems usuญally 1-2 dm. tall. Dry prairies of the west central states. Allium microscordion Small. Wild Onion. 2~ dm. tall. Pink. Southern states. Allium mutabile. Wild Onion. Open ground along railroad tracks and where the soil is deep. 2-5 dm. tall. White (or pink). Soutsern states. Androstephium coeruleum Greene. (A. violaceum Torr.) In open ground along railroad tracks and on dry banks. The large blue flowers have the filaments of their stamens united into a tube attached to the pehianth. Not abundant. A prairie plant occurring from Kansas to Texas. Nothoscordium bivalve Britton. .(N. striatum Kunth.) Crow-poison. False Garlic. Common everywhere about Austin. One of our early wild flowers. Very similar to a wild onion, but without the onion odor. Southeastern and central states and Mexico. LILIACEAE Lily Fiamily Quamasia hyacinthifolia Britton. (Camassi.a Fraseri Torr.) Wild Hyacinth. Abundant along railroad tracks and in other open ground where the soil is deep. An elongated cluster of blue or white flowers. One of our conspicuous spring wild flowers. Central and southern states. DRACAENACEAE Yucca Family (Under Liliaceae) Nolina Lindheimeriana S. Wats. Slender Bear Grass. Rocky bluffs of the ;Edwards Plateau. Somewhat like a Yucca, but with much more grass-like leaves. A characteri"stic plant of the dry rocky regions of West Texas and New Mexico. Nolina texana Wats. (Not given in Small.*) Slender Bear Grass. Very common on the rocky bluffs of the Edwards Plateau. Simญilar to the preceding. Characteristic of the dry hills of West Texas. *Small's Flora of the Southeastern United Staus. Published and for sale by J. K. Small, Bronx Park, New York City, New York. Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 19 Yucca rupicola Scheele. Spanish Bayonet. Bear Grass. Abundant on dry hill1S. The leaves are margined by a row of fine yellow teeth. Yucca Arkansana Trelease. Smaller than the preceding. The leaves have white-fibrous marญgins. Dry ground along I. & G. N. railroad tracks. Southern prairie states. SMILACEAE Smila~ Family (Under Liliac-e) Smilax Bona-nox L. Green-briar. Cat-briar. Stretch-berry. Very common in woods . and thickets. A climbing prickle armed vine. Southeastern United States to Kansas and Mexico. AMARYLLIDALES (Under Lilialea) LEUCOJACEAE (Amaryllidaceae) Amiaryllia Family Atamosco texana Greene. (Zephyranthes texana Herb.) Atamosco Lily. Stagger Grass. Amaryllis. In the open post-oak woods. Not very common. Flowers yelญlo~, stems about 1 to 2 dm. high. Insane Asylum grounds and in dry rock soil generally. Cooperia pedunculata Herb. Rain Lily. Abundant in open places, blooming several days after a rain. This species blooms more commonly in the spring. The flowers are white. The bract is attached about one-fourth inch below the ovary. A plant of the Texas prairies: Cooperia Drummondii Herb. Rain Lily. Similar in habit and habitat to the preceding species, but blooming more abundantly in the falL Flowers smaller, stems and leaves more slender and the bract is attached immediately below the ovary. Texas prairies. IXIACEAE (IRIDACEAE) Iris Family Nemastylis acuta Herb. , Abundant on dry hillsides and level uplands of the Edwards Piaท teau. The flowers are four or five centimeters in diameter, from deep blue to white. A prairie plant of the southern central states. University of Texas Bulletin Sisyrinchium pruinosum Bicknell. Blue-eyed Grass. A,. t;u~ted, : gtass.~lilcc plant..The deep blue flowers have yellow centers. Abundant in meadows and roadsid•s. A plant of the north Texas prairies. Sisyrinchium min,us. .Engelm. . and . Gray. In low places along railroad tracks and roadsides where the soil is fine and compact. A low form with ทsmall reddish flowers. Charac~rist_ic of low moist prairies of east .Texas and Louisiana. Sisyrinchium, other species, not certainly identified. ORCHIDALES ORCHIDACEAE Orchid Family lbidium (Spiranthes, gyr-0stachys). Ladies' Tresses. Hillsides of the Edwards Plateau. Flowers small, white, in racemes about four inches high. DICOTYLEDONS JU GLAND ALES JUGLANDACEAE Walnut Family Hicoria Pecwn Britton. Pecan. On the river flood plain and in most valleys. Abundant along Walnut Creek. Southern-central states and introduced eastward. Juglans nigra L. Black Walnut. A large tree with a fruit an inch or more in diameter. River flood plain and deep ravines. Abundant along Walnut Creek. Widespread in the eastern and central forest regions ~f the United States. Juglans ru~tri.s L. Mexican Walnut; Small trees. Ravines of the Edwards Rlateau. The nut is about 1 cm. in diameter. Te:ii:as, New Mexico and Mexico. Common along streams in the arid mountain regions of West Texas. Seed Plants, Fe'fnS,' Fern:AlliM of the Austin Region 21 SALiCALES SALICACEAE Willow Fam.ily PopulU8 deltoides Marsh. (P. moi1:Uif6'T'a Ait.) Cottonwood. River flood plain. Central North America from Canada to Texas and New Mexico. Salw nigra Marsh. Black Willow. Along the river banks. FAGALES FAGACEAE Beech Family Quercus breviloba Sargent. Shin Oak. White Oak. Rocky banks along streams. Forming thickets ("shinileries") in the Edwards Plateau region. Can be recognized by the bark which peels off in thin sheets. Confined chiefly to middle and southern Texas. Quercus fusif01"/Yli,s Small. Mountain Live Oak. ท Dry hillsides of the Edwards Plateau. An evergreen shrub or small tree, with very smooth, slender branches. Central Texas, probably derived from Q. virginiana. Quercus macrocwrpa Michx. Bur Oak. Walnut Creek. The acorns are very large and the cups are fringed. Eastern North America. Quercus marilandica Muench. Black Jack. Gravelly upla!}ds. Abundant on the terrace gravels with Q. Minor. Southern and eastern to the central states. More abundant in the South. Characteristic of sandy and gravelly soils in Texas with Q. minor. Leaves anguJar deep green and glossy. Bark blackish. Quercus minor Sarg. (Q. stellata Wang.) Post Oak .. ทGravelly uplands. Abundant on the terrace gravels with Q. mariญlandica. ท Southern and eastern central s~tes, more abundant in the South. This tree occurs in Texas with Q. mmrilandica in the "post oak" forests in the sandy and gravelly soils of the eastern part of the state west of the pine area. Quer~ schneckii Britton. -(Q. te~ana, Sarg., not Buckl.) Red Oak. Ravines and hillsides. Chiefly in ,the. Edwards Plateau. Leaves glossy, deeply lobed and with sharp pointed teeth. Southeastern states. University of Texas Bulletin Quercus virginiana Mill. Live Oak. Abundant in low ground and hillsides. Our common evergreen oak. Characteristic of the coastal regions from Virginia to Mexico. URTICALES URTICACEAE Nettle Family Boehmeria cy'ftindrica Willd. False Nettle. Moist ravines. Nettle-like, but without stinging hairs. Eastern and central North America. ท Parietaria obtusa Rydb. Pellitory. ~ Very abundant in moist soil on shaded banks and hillsides. Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong with relatively long petioles. Involucral bracts oblong obtuse. Sepals ovate, usually acute at the apex. West-central states. Parietaria pennsylvanica Muhl. Pellitory. Shaded ground. Leaves usually lanceolate, with shorter petioles than the preceding. lnvolucral bracts linear. Sepals oblong or lanceolate, acute. Urtica chamaedryoides Pursh. Nettle. Abundant in moist ravines and thickets. Well known for its stingญing hairs. Southeastern United States. ARTOCARPACEAE (MORACEAE) Mulberry Family Broussonetia pawrifera Vent. White Mulberry. Paper Mulberry. Low ground. A common shade tree in Austin. Like a mulberry, but with thick, velvety leaves. Introduced from Asia. Eastern and southern states. Morus microphyUa Buck!. Small-leaved Mulberry. Mexican Mulญberry. Ravines of the Edwards Plateau. A shrub or small tree. Leaf blades 3 to 5 cm. long. Fruit 1-to' 1.5 cm. long. Western Texas to Arizona and northern Mexico. Morus rubra L. Red Mulberry. In moist ravines of the Edwards Plateau. Leaf blades 6 to 20 cm. long. Fruit 3 or more cm. long, Eastern United States. Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 23 Toxylan pomiferum Raf. Bois D'Arc. Bowwood. Osage Orange. Low ground. Ravines and valleys. Southeastern states. ULMACEAE Elm Family Celtis mississippiensis Bose. Hackberry. Very common on hills and in ravines. The most common shade tree in Austin. Central and southeastern states. Celtis reticulata Tori. Hackberry. On dry hills. Similar to the preceding, but with rough leaves and large berries. ท A species of the arid southwest. In western Texas it occurs near streams. Ulmus ala ta Michx. Winged Elm. Cork Elm. Wahoo. Abundant in ravines and valleys. Easily recognized by the conญspicuous corky wings on the branches. Flowering in spring. Southern states. Ulmus americana L. White Elm. On the river flood plain and in ravines. Differing from the other species in its large, thin leaves. Used as a shade tree. Flowering in spring. Eastern United States. Ulmus crassifolia Nutt. Cedar Elm. Abundant in ravines and uplands. A common shade tree in. Ausญtin flowering in the fall. Leaves leathery, blades 3-6 cm. long. Along rivers in the southern central prairie states. POLYGONALES POL YGONACEAE Buckwheat Family Eriogonum longifolium Nutt. Dry ground. Southern central states. Persicaria hydropiperowes Small. (Poly11onum hydropi,peroides Michx.) Wild Water-pepper. Ditches and along streams. . Widespread in North America. University of Texas Bulletin Persicaria lapathifolia S. F. Gray. (Polygonum lapathifolium L.) Willow Weed. Low ground, waste places. Naturalized from Europe. Widespread in North America. Persicaria pennsylvanica Small. (Polygonum pennsylvanicum L.) Smart Weed. River bank. With dense cylindrical racemes of pink flowers. Eastern North America and in Mexico. Persicaria punctata Small. (Polygonum punctatum Elll.) Smart Weed. River bank, Barton Creek, etc. With loosely' flowered racemes of small greenish flowers. Widespread in North America. ท Persicaria setacea Small. (Pol'J!gonum setaceum Baldw.) Waller Creek. Eastern United States. P-0lygonum erectum L. River bank. In open ground. Ontario to the Northwest Territory, Georgia, Colorado, and Texas. Polygonum ramosissimum Michx. Bushy Knotweed. Roadsides. Rumex altissimus Wood. Peach-leaved Dock. Pale Dock. Low wet ground. Abundant in Shoal Creek Valley. Two to four feet tall. Northwestern and central states. Rumex Berlandieri Meisn(?) Waste places. A form with slender, spreading branches. Flowers in dense whorls separated on the branches. Texas to Arizona and in Mexico. Western North America. Rumex crispus L. Curl Dock. Low wet ground. Abundant in Shoal Creek Valley. One to three feet tall; leaves with edges crisped. Naturalized from Europe. Widespread in North America. Tiniaria convolvulus Webb and Moq. (P-0lygonum convolvulus ~-) Black Bind-Weed. University campus. A twining vine with the aspect of a morning glory. Not common here. Naturalized from Europe. Widespread in North America. Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 25 CHENOPODIALES CHENOPODIACEAE Gooaefoot Family Chenopodiwm album L. Lamb's Quarter. Waste places in cultivated ground. This Chenopodium can be recognized by its mealy leaves. Widespread in North America. Introduced from Europe. Chenopodium anthelminicum L. W<>rmseed. River banks, and waste . places. Easijy. recognized by its disagreeญable order when bruised. . -ท Atlantic and Gulf States. Introduced from Europe. Chenopodium Boscianum Moq. Bose's Goosefoot. Low ground, waste places. Eastern United States. Chenopodium Fremontii S. Wats. (Not in Small.) Fremont's Gooseญ foot. Waste places. Central states to Mexico. Monolepsis Nuttaliana ,Greene. (M. chenopodioides Nutt.) Oommon in waste ground. Western and central states. AMARATHACEAE Amaranth Family Alternanthera repens Kuntze. Abundant in waste places. South America and southern states. Amaranthus albus L. (A. graecizans. L.) Tumble Weed. Waste places. A tropical American species widely distributed in North America. Amaranthus blitoides Reverchonii Uline and Bray. Low Amaranth. Pigweed. Waste places. Central Texas. Amaranthus Palmeri S. Wats. Amaranth. Pigweed. Waste and cultivated ground. Roadsides, etc. Southwestern states and Mexico. University of Texas Bulletin Amaranthus Pringlei Watson. (Not given in Small.) Amaranthus. Pigweed. Fields and roadsides. West Texas, southern plains states to Mexico. A maranthus retroftexus L. Amaranth. Rough Pigweed. Roadsides and waste places. Naturalized from the American tropics. Widespread in North America. Amaranthus spinosus L. Spiny Amaranth. Roadsides and waste places. Naturalized from the .American tropics. Widespread in eastern and southern United States. Brayulinea densa Small. (Guilleminea densa Moq.) Dry ground. New Mexico, Texas and Mexico to tropical America: Celosia paniculata L. Bluffs. Barton Creek. Not abundant. Florida, Texas andทMexico. Froelichia campestris Small. Ab\lndant in dry ground, post oak woods, etc. Prairie and pains states. Gossipianthus lanuginosus M;oq. Dry ground. Oklahoma to Mexico. CORRIGIOLACEAE Whitlow-wort Family (lllicebraceae) Paronychia dichotoma Nutt. Forking whitlow-wort. Nailwort. Dry exposed bluffs. Mt. Bonnell. Southeastern states. P. Lindheimeri Englem. In dry soil. Texas and New Mexico. PETIVERACEAE (PHYTOLACCACEAE) Poke-weed Family Rivina humilis L. Common in rich soil. University campus, Shoal Creek, etc. Southeastern ,states and tropics. Seed Pl,a,nts, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 27 Phytolacca decanclra L. Poke-berry. Poke-weed. Common in the river flood plain. Widespread in the eastern United States. ALLIONIACEAE (NYCTAGINACEAE) Four-o'clock Family Allionia albUla Walt. Umbrella-wort. Roadsides, etc. Southeastern states. Allionia nyctaginea Michx. Umbrella-wort. Dry ground. Roadsides, etc. Plains and prairie states. Boerhaavia decumbens Yahl. Dry ground. Roadsides, etc. Gulf states and Mexico. Boerhaavia erecta L. Dry ground, roadsides, etc. Gulf states, Mexico and the tropics. Mirabilis Jalapa L. Four o'clock. In waste places and cultivated soil. Central and South America to Texas. TETRAGONIACEAE (AIZOACEAE) Carpet-weed Family Mollugo verticillata L. Carpet-weed. Indian Chickweed. Cultivated ground and waste places. PORTULACACEAE Purslane Family Claytonia virginica L. Spring Beauty. MoiSt shaded ground at the base of bluffs on Onion Creek. A low plant with fleshy linear leaves from a tuber-like corm. The flowers are a light pink, delicately veined with a darker shade. Eastern states. Portulaca . lanceolata Engelm. Occasional here. Found in the Asylum grounds and near Bartoh Creek. Easily recognized by the crowned capsule. From Texas to Arizona. Portulaca oleracea L. Pursley. Cultivated ground. Ramsey's Nurseries, etc. South America and almost throughout North America. University of Texas 811.ltetin Portulaca pilosa L. Abundant on dry hills. Our most ทcommon Portulaca, recognized easily by the tufts of hairs in the axils of the leaves. Southern states and Mexico. Talinum aurantiacum Engelm. Pease place. Texas, New Mexico, and in Mexico. Talinum parviftorum Nutt. Dry soil. Postoak woods. Central states. ALSINACEAE Chickweed Flia T. & G. Flood plains. Barton Creek. Sesban macrocarpa Muhl. (Sesbania.) Flood plains. Barton Creek, near the stream. A tall annual plant with large yellow flowers, and slender pods about a foot long. Southeastern states to Central America. Sophora affinis T. & G. In the hills of the Edwards Plateau and in roadside thickets in lower ground. Less common than the following. It can easily be disญtinguished from the mountain laurel by its lavender flowers, thinner leaves and smaller pods. The pods, constricted between their sperical seeds suggest a string of black beads. Texas to Arkansas. Sophora secunUiflora DC. Mountain Laural. Col'al Bean. Very abundant on the hillsides of the Edwards Plateau. An everญgreen shrub well known by its large clusters of purple heavy-scented flowers. Its large red seeds are said to be poisonous. Arkansas to Texas. Tri/olium carolinianum Michx. Clo~er. Abundant in waste places and roadsides and open woods. Southeastern states. Vicia Leavenworthii T. & G. Vetch. Dry ground, meadows and roadsides. Abundant on the campus. Arkansas to Texas. Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 41 GERANIALES ท GERANIACEAE Geranium Family Erodium cicutarium L'Her. Pin Clover. Alfilaria. Waste ground and open woods. ท Introduced from Europe and widespread in Eastern North America. Erodium texanum A. Gray. Wild Geranium. Stork's Bill. Very abundant in waste places, roadsides and barren, dry hillsides, carpeting the ground in many places. Texas to California. Gerwnium _texanu.m Heller. Wild Geranium. Crane's Bill. Abundant in woods and ravines. Southern Texas. Very closely related to G. caroliniana of the Atlantic and Gulf States. LINACEAE Flax Family Cathart<>linum multicaule Hook. Flax. Common in dry open ground. Texas plains and prairies. 'Cathartolinum rigidum Pursh. Flax. Dry soil. Prairie a~d plains states to Mexico. Cathartolinum rupestre Engelm. Flax. Dry soil. Texas and Mexico. Plains and prairies. ทOXALIDACEAE Wood-Sorrel Family Ionoxalis Drummondii Rose (I. vespertitionis in the old edition of Small). (Oxalis vespertilionis T. & G.) Violet Wood Sorrel. It differs from Xanthoxalis in its large violet flowers and large, deeply lobed leaflets. Ravines or hillsides, rich or barren soil. Texas to Arizona. Xwnthoxalis corniculata Small. (Oxalis corniculata L.) Yellow Wood Sorrel. Sour Grass. Very common in waste and cultivated ground, lawns and roadsides. Well known by its trifoliate leaves and acid juice. Southeastern states. University of Texas Bulletin Xanthoxalis stricta Small. (Oxalw stricta L.) Yellow Wood Sorrel. ทSour Grass. University campus, etc. Widesspread in eastern and central North America. Xanthoxalis. (Oxalis Wrightii Gray.) Wood Sorrel. Sour Grass. University campus, etc. West Texas. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Caltrop Fiamily Kallstroemia intermedia Vail. Caltrop. . Dry waste ground. Abundant on the campus. A prostrate plant with yellow flowers and legume-like compound leaves. Southern plains and prairie states and Mexico. Tribulus terestris L. Caltrop. Bur Nut. Along railroad tracks. Its angled, spiny fruit makes it a very troublesome weed wherever abundant. Similar to Kallstroemia exญcept in fruit. Introduced into America and now widespread. RUTACEAE Rue Family Fagara Clava-Herculis Small. (Xanthoxylum Clava-Herculis L.) Prickly Ash. Tootache Tree. Banks of Onion Creek and similar situations. Characterized by its tuberculate, thorny trunk. Southeastern states, Fagara fruticosa Small. (Xanthoxylum carolinianum var. fruticosum A. Gray.) Prickly Ash. A thorny shrub abundant on hillsides, and easily recognized by its glossy compound leaves and strong odor. Arkansas and Texas. Ptelea trifoliata L. Hop Tree. Skunk Bush. One of our most abundant shrubs in ravines and valleys. Easily recognized by its peculiar odor and its round, flat fruits and trifoliate leaves. Eastern North America. Thamnosma texana Torr. Abundant on barren, rocky slopes of the Edwards Plateau. A low partly shrubby plant with small strong scented leaves and two-lobed fruits. Texas to Mexico. Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 43 SIMARUBACEAE Quauia Family Ailanthu.s gl,andulosus Des/. Tree-of-Heaven. Found occasionally growing wild in moist valleys. A common shade tree. Native of China. Commonly cultivated and often growing wild in eastern United States and Canada. MELIACEAE Mahogany Family Melia Azedarach L. Chinaberry. China Tree. ท Growing wild in the valleys. A common shade tree. Naturalized from Asia in the southern states. POLYGALALES POL YGALACEAE Milkwort Family Polygal,a alba Nutt. Milkwort. Dry ground. CentraJ states and Mexico. Polygala Lindheimeri A. Gray. Milkwort. Dry hillsides of the Edwards Plateau. Texas. EUPHORBIALES EUPHORBIACEAE Spurge Family Acalypha gracilens var. mpnococcus Eng. Eastern states. Acalypha Lindheimeri Muell. Arg. Three-seeded Mercury. Very common in waste places. Texas to Arizona and in Mexico. Acalypha ostryaefolia Rydb. Three-seeded Mercury. In moist ground in valleys. An herb which resembles a nettle in . appearance but is unarmed. Southeastern United States and in Mexico. Acalypha radians Torr. In dry soil. Texas and Mexico. University of Texas Bulletin Bernardia myricaefolia S. Wats. A common shrub on the river bluffs and ravine sides of the Edwards Plateau. It is irregularly branched and has small thick leaves with t.oothed or crisped edges. ท Texas and New Mexico. CJiarnaesyce Fend~eri Small. (Euph-Orbia Fe'ndleri T. & G.) Spurge. Dry ground. Mt. Barker. Southern plains and prairie states and in Mexico. Chamaesyce ma,culata. Small. (Euphorbia. ma.cula.ta. L.) Spotted Spurge. Roadsides, etc. Almost throughout North America. Cha.ma.esyce nutans Small. Roadsides and waste places. Widespread in eastern and central United States. Chama.esyce Nutta.llii Small. (Euphorbia. peta.loidea. var. Nuttallii Engelm.) Spurge. Roadsides and waste places. South-central states and Mexico. Chamaesyce prostrata. Small. (Euphorbia. prostrata Ait.) Prostrate Spurge. Abundant on roadsides and in waste places. Similar to the followญing species, but with leaves slightly larger and toothed at the apex. The plant is a darker green than the carpet weeds and clings less closely to the ground. Gulf states.and Mexico. Chamaesyce serpens Small. Carpet Weed. Roadsides and waste ground. A small-leaved prostrate plant, formญing dense mats over the ground. Prairie states and Mexico. Chamaesyce villifera. Small. (Euph-Orbia. villifera Scheele.) Ravines of Edwards Plateau. Te:x;as. Cnidoscolus stimulosus A. Gray. (Ja.tropha. stimulosa Michx.) Bull Nettle. Spurge Nettle. Fields and roadsides. Well known for its beautiful white flowers and its stinging hairs. The sting is much worse than that of the true nettle. Southeastern states. Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region ท 45 Croton frutic-ตlosus Engelm. Edwards Plateau. Texas, New Mexico and Mexico. Croton monanthogynus Michx. Abundant in waste places. Prairieทand Gulf states to Mexico. Croton texensis (Muell.) Arg. Abundant i'n waste places, roadsides, etc. The Crotons can be easily recognized by the peculiar odor of their leaves when crushed. Plains. and prairie states. Dichrophyllum bicolor Kl. & Garcke. (Euphorbia bicolor Engelm.) Snow-on-the-mountain. Low ground, pastures and roadsides. A tall herb with the Jeafญlike bracts of its flower clusters white-margined. Southern-central states. Dichrophyllum marginatum ~I. & Garcke. (Euphorbia marginata Pursh.) Snow-on-the-mountain. Roadsides, etc. Similar to the preceding, but smaller. Central states. Ditaxis humilis Pax. (Argythwminia humilis Muell.) Dry ground and waste places. South-central states. Ditaxis mercwria-lina Coulter. (Argythamnia mercurialina Nutt.) Dry ravines. Abundant in the Edwards Plateau region. South-central states. Phyllanthus polygonoides Nutt. Abundant on the campus. Dry hillsides, particularly of the Edwards Plateau. Texas. Poinsettia dento,ta Small. (Euphorbia dentata Michx.) Toothed Spurge. Poinsettia havanensis Small. (Euphorbia heterophy'lla var. gramiญ nifolia Englem.) Found along Shoal Creek and Barton Creek. Not common. From Florida to Texas, and in tropical America. 46 . University of Texas Bulletin Poinsettia heterophj//i,a Small. (Euphorbia heterophylla, L.) Pointed Leaf. Waste places. Central and southern states. Tropical America. Ricinus communis L. Castor Bean. Occasional in ravines, etc. Escaped from cultivation. Tropics, sub-tropics. Thought to have originated in Africa or India.. Stillingia linearifolia Kl. & Garcke. (S. angustifolia.Engelm.) ~ueen's Delight. Common on dry hillsides. Texas, New Mexico, and Mexico. Tithymalus. arkansanus Kl. & Garcke. (Euphorbia dictyosperma F. & M.) Spurge. Plains and prairie states to Mexico. Tithymalus commutatus Kl. & . Garcke. (Euphorbia comnnutata Engelm.) Spurge. Ravines and moist banks. Abundant along Barton Creek. Eastern states. Tithymalus longicuris Small. (Euphorbia Longicuris Scheele.) Spurge. Open, dry ground. Abundant on the campus. Southern prairie states. Tithymalus Missouriensis Small. (Euphorbia arkansana var. Misญ ทsouriensis Norton.) Spurge. Open ground. Plains and prairie states. Tithymalus Roemerianus Small. (Euphorbia Roemeriana Scheele.) Spurge. Southern Texas. Tragia nepetaef<>lia Cav. Dry ground. Southern central ทstates and Mexico. Tragie ramosa Torr. Abundant in dry open ground. University campus. Sounthern plains and prairie states. Seed PT,ants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 47 CALLITRICHACEAE W:ater Starwort Family Callitriche heteraphylla Pursh. Water Stal"WQrt. Pools in small streams. A slender plant with small opposite leaves and stems partly or entirely submerged. Widespread in eastern and central North America. SAPINDALES SPONDIACEAE (ANACARDIACEAE) Sumac Family RhWJ radicans L. Poison Ivy. Abundant in moist ravines. Shoal Creek. A very poisonous vine, climbing by roots, and with 3-foliate leaves. Widespread in eastern and central North America. Rhus Toxieodendron L. Poison Oak. Poisonous. Very similar to the preceding but an upright shrub, not climbing. Southeastern states. Schmaltzia lanceolata Small. (RhWJ copalli'lin. var. lanceolata A. Gray.) Sumac. :Abundant on the dry hillsides of the Edwards Plateau. A tail shrub pinnately compound leaves. Texas. Schrrudtzia triloba.ta Small; (Rhus ca.na.densis var. trilobata Gray.) Skunk Bush. Ill-scented Sumac. Abundant in ravines and on hillsides. Easily recognized by its three leaflets and its disagreeable odor. Central and western states. . Schmaltzk. virens Small. (Rhus virens Lindh.) Evergreen Sumac. An evergreen shrub with pinnately compound leaves. Abundant on the dry hillsides of the Edwards Plateau. Texas, New Mexico, and Northern Mexico. AQUIFOLIACEAE Holly F~mily Ilex decidua. Watt. Deciduous Holly. Possum Haw. Bear-berry. Very common in ravines and well known by its abundant scarlet berries. A shrub or small tree. lle:r; vcnnitoria Ait. . Yaupon. A beautiful evergreen shrub with scarlet berries common in the moist ravines of the Edwards Plateau. Southeastern stat.es. University of Texas Bulletin AESCULACEAE (HIPPOCASTANACEAE) Buckeye Family Aesculus Pavia L. Red Buckeye. Very common in ravines and on the lower slopes of the Edwards Plateau. A small tree, with beautiful clusters of reddish blossoms in the spring. Recognized by its large palmately compound leaves. Southeastern States. ACERACEAE Maple Family Rulac texana Small. Box elder. Ash-leaved Maple. Flood plain of the Colorado. A common shade tree in Austin. Very similar to Rulac Negurul-0, but with pubescent twigs. Central North America from Canada to Mexico. SAPINDACEAE Soapberry F:amily Cardiospermum Halicacabum L. Balloon Vine . . Flood plains of Barton Creek and Waller Creek. A vine cultivated ทand named for its balloon-like pods. The southeastern states. Tropical America. Sapindus Drummondii. Soapberry. Wild China Tree. Ravines and hillsides. A common shade tree in Austin. Ea~ily identified by its pinnately compound leaves and large yellow berryญlike fruits. Southern central states and Mexico. Ungnadia speciosa Endl. Mexican Buckeye. Spanish Buckeye. Texas Buckeye. Abundant in ravines and on moist rocky hillsides. Very common in the ravines of the Edwards Plateau. A shruทb well known by its three-lobed pods in which the dry seeds rattle when mature. Texas, New Mexico, Mexico. RHAMNALES FRANGULACEAE (RHAMNACEAE) Buckthorn Family Berchemia scandens Trelease. Rattan. Supple-Jack. A climbing (or twining) shrub with. long smooth supple branches. Abundant in ravines and on moist bluffs of the Colorado. Southeastern states. Ceanothus ovatus Desf. Red Root. A low shrub commonly found on the bluffs and in the ravines of the Edwards Plateau. Southeastern States. Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 49 . Colubrina texensia A. Gray. A common shrub of the dry hillsides and hilltops of the Edwards Plateau, growing often in dense thickets. Texas and northern Mexico. Conthera triloba Nutt.) Primrose. Butญtercup. Abundant in fields and roadsides. Ours is a yellow-flowered form and probably should be differently named. Lavauxia Watsoni Small. (Oenothera tri~oba var. parviflora S. Wats.) Evening Primrose. In rich soil. Similar to the preceding but smaller and opening only in the evening. The petals are yellow, but turn reddish when they wither. Kansas and Nebraska, to Oklahoma. Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 55 Megapterium Mi.ssouriense Spach. Common on dry hillsides of the Edwards Plateau. With very large yellow flowers and winged pods. Southern plains and prairie states. Meriolfa; melanoglotti.s Rydb. Primrose. Simih,tr to the following species, but with the inside of the cup and the stigma black. Occasional in dry soil. Colorado to Texas. Meriolix serrulata Walp. Roadsides, etc. Plains and prairie states. Meriolix spinulo11a Heller. (Oenothera serrulata T. & G.) Abundant on roadsides and hillsides and along railroad tracks. Very similar to the preceding but :with larger flowers. The flowers of both are yellow and the leaves slender and toothed. Southern ทplains and prairie states. Oenothera laciniata Hill. (Oe-rwthera sinuata L.) Evening Primrose. Dry ground, roadsides and along railroads. Flowers yellow. Eastern and central states, Mexico and South America. Oenothera laciniata grandis Britton. (0. sinu "'ta var. grandiflora Heller.) Evening Primrose. Common on the river flood plain. Similar to the preceding but with large flowers. Southern-central states. Onagra Jamesii Small. (Oenothera Jamesii T. & G.) Evening Primญ rose. On the bank of Barton Creek. Very large yellow flower. Southern plains states. GUNNERACEAE (HALORAGIDACEAE) Water Milfoil Family Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michx. Water Milfoil. Barton Creek. Growing submerged similar to CeratophyUum, but less branched, and with softer, pinnately divided leaves. Widely distributed in eastern North America. ท Myriophyllum pros.erpinacoides Gill. (Not in Small.) Parrots Feather. Found in Shoal Creek. Escaped from cultivation. Native of Chile and widely cultivated in acquaria. University ทOf Texas Bulletin AMMIALES NYSSACEAE (CORNACEAE) Dogwood Family Garrya Lindheimeri (Torr.). (G. ovata var. Lindheimeri Coult. and Evans.) A common shrub on the bluffs in ravines of the Edwards Plateau. Texas. Svida asperifolia Small. (Cornus asperifolia Michx.) Dogwood. On the river bank, under the bluffs. A shrub. Central and southern states. AMMIACEAE (UMBELLIFERAE) Carrot Family Ammi majus L. Found in the river flood plain. Native of Europe. Naturalized in southwest Texas. Ammoselinum Butleri Coult. & Rose. Sand Parsley. In low muddy gro_und. Central states. Apium ammi Urban. Marsh Parsley. Common on roadsides, etc. Southeastern states and the tropics. Berula erecta (Huds). Coville. In swamps and streams. Texas and Mexico to ทCalifornia. Bowlesia septentrionalis Coult. & Rose. (B. lobata Ruiz & Pavon.) Very common in moist rich ground, in yards, river banks, etc. A low delicate plant with round, lobed leaves and small white flowers. Texas to California. Chaerophyllum Teinturieri Hook. Chervil. Very common in woods, and on roadsides in good soil. Southeastern states. Daucus Carota L. Wild Carrot. Fields, roadsides and waste places. Summer. Naturalized from Europe and Asia and widespread in North America. .Seed Plants, Ferris, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 57 Daucus pusillus Michx. Wild Carrot. Stick-tight. Queen Anne's Lace. Fields, roadsides, and waste places. Very similar ทto the preceding but blooming in the spring. Southern and western states. Eryngium Leavenworthii T. & G. Button Snake Root. Dry barren ground. A rigid plant with spiny leaves and flowers in dense, spiny heads. Kansas to Texas. Hydrocotyle um.bellata L. Marsh Pennywort. Water Pennywort. Moneywort. Very abundant along the edges of streams. A creeping plant with roun. nstratum Dunal. Softly. Buffalo Bur. Prickly Solanum. Tread • Abundant in open ground and waste places. One of our most common weeds. The flowers are yellow, the whole plant very thorny and the fruit enclosed in a ทprickly calyx. Centr~l states and Mexico. Solanum Torreyi A. Gray. Torrey's Nightshade. Similar to S. carolinense, but with lai:ger berries. Southern central states. Solanum triquetrum Cav. Nightshade. Common in moist soil in ravines. University campus. A vineญlike plant with slender branches, white flowers and bright red berries. Texas and Mexico. BORRAGINACEAE Borage Family Lithospermum breviflorum Engelm. & Gray. Collected by E . .J. Palmer. University of Texas Bulletin Lithospernum linearifolium Goldie. . Puccoon. Grom well. Common in dry ground and stony hillsides. University campus. Widespread in North America, especially in the prairie regions. Myosotis virginica B. & P. (M. verna Nutt.) Forget-me-not. Dry ground. Banks of the Colorado River. Eastern 'United States and Canada. Onosmodium Bejariense DC. False Gromweil. Abundant in dry' woods. A herb with rather large, coarse and bristly leaves, and smooth white nut-like fruits. Texas. Onosmodium H elleri Small. In the hills of the Edwards Plateau. ทLess common than the preญceding . . Texas. EHRETIACEAE Ehretia Family (Under BORRAGINACEAE) Ehretia elliptic'P"i4 rwdiflora L.) Common everywhere in dry ground, roadsides, etc. Abundant on the University campus. A prostrate, creeping plant with small whiteญ ish flowers in very dense spherical or short cylindrical heads. Southeastern states and California. Warmer regions of both the Old and the New World. Verbena bipinna.tifida Nutt. Wild Verbena. Vervain. Very abundant in open ground. Our common verbena. A perenญ nial plant usually about 15 inches high, with conspicuous dense oblong spikes of bright pink flowers. Prairie and plains states. From South Dakota to Mexico. Verbena ciliata Benth. Dry ground. A low plant, with branches spreadingทover the ground. Its flower clusters are similar to those of V. bipi.nnatijida, but smaller. Southern plains states. Verbena cwnescens H.B.K. Common in dry soit University campus. A rather low plant with clustered stems and densely gray hairy foliage. Texas fo Arizona, and Mexico. ท Verbena officinalis L. Vervain. Very common in fields, roadsides, and waste places. An annual plant one or two feet tall wtth slender stems and with sma,11 flowers , in long slender spikes. University campus. Perennial here. Eastern states. Verbena pumila Rydb. Common in waste places and dry ground. Very similar to V. ciliata. Oklahoma and Texas. Vitex Agnus-Castus L. Occasional on the river flood plain. A shrub with digitately 5-7 foliate leaves. Southeastern states. University of Texas Bulletin LAMIACEAE (LABIATAE) Mint Family Brazoria scutellarioides Engelm. & Gray. Common in moist ground, ravines, valleys, bluffs and hillsides. One of our most beautiful mints. Its dense, stiff spikes of pink flowers are conspicuously 4-sided. Texas. Hedeoma acinoides Scheele. Mock Pennyroyal. Abundant in ravines, hillsides and uplands of the Edwards Plateau. A small annual, with slender branches and delicate pink flowers: the whole plant with a strong lemon odor. Arkansas. and Texas. H edeoma Drummondii Benth. Mock Pennyroyal. Similar in habit and habitat but less abundant than the preceding. Lemon-scented. Tex.as. Lamium amplexicaule L. Dead Nettle. Henbit. Very common in lawns and along the roadsides in Austin. Abundญant on the campus. One of the first plants to b\oom in the spring. The flowers in our form are red-purple. ท Native of Europe and widespread in eastern North America. Leonotis nepetaefolia R. Br. Valley of Onion Creek. Southeastern states and the tropics. Marrubium vulgare L. Hoarhound. Waste places everywhere. One of our most common weeds. Easiญly recognized by its white woolly stems and dull wrinkled leaves. Naturalized from Europe and widespread in eastern North America. Mentha spicata L. Spearmint. Wet ground mทar spring. Marshall Goat Ranch. Eastern North America. Mentha sp. Peppermint. Wet ground along Onion Creek, and in wet places in ravines in the Bull Creek region. M onarda ทdispersa Small. Horse-mint. Abundant in fields and roadsides. One of our most common mints. A tall annual plant, very strong scented, and with large globular clusters of flowers in the axils of the up.per foaves. Some of the bracts are colored lavender, like the flowers. Southern plains states to Mexico. Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 69 Monarda lasWdonta Small. Horse-mint. A species with purple-dotted yellow flowers. Occasional on the river flood plain. South central states. Monarda Stanfieldii Small. Horse-mint. Occasional on the river flood plain. Similar to the preceding. Indian Territory and Texas. Physostegia intermedia A. Gray. Dragon Head. Lion's Heart. Moist ground. Ravines and moist bluffs. Southeastern States. Salvia coccinea L . Scarlet Sage. Moist ground. Waller Creek. With scarlet flowers. Southeastern states to Mexico. Salvia farinacea Benth. Blue Sage. Abundant everywhere in rich soil, fields, roadsides and waste places. University campus. Our most common sage. Conspicuous -on account of its white felty stems and deep blne flowers. Texas. ท Salvia Roemeriana Scheele. Scarlet Sage. Abundant in ravines of the Edwards Plat.;au. With scarlet ilowers . .Texas. .Salviastrum texanum Scheele. Common in dry ground, rocky hillsides. University Campus. One -of the most abur:idant herbaceous plants on the dry slopes of Mt. Bonnell, and Mt. Barker. Conspicuous for its rough-hairy leaves :and large blue flowers. Texas. .Scutellaria Drummondii Benth. Skullcap. Very common in valleyes and hillsides. The Scutellarias can alญทways be recognized by the peculiar bonnet-shaped calyx, opening by :a horizontal slit. The flowers of both our species are blue. Southern plains states. . Scutellaria resinosa Torr. Skullcap. A perennial, abundant on the dry hillsides of the Edwards Plaญ teau. One of the most common plants of the upper slopes of Mt. :Bonnell 11.nd Mt. Barker. Texas. Southern plains states. University of Texas Bulletin Stachys agraria Cham. & SchJ. Hedge Nettle. Woundwort. Common in moist or shaded ground, in valleys and on roadsides. Tevas and Mexico. Teucrium canadense L. Bee Creek ravine, Waller Creek. Nbt common here. Eastern states. RHINANTHACEAE (SCROPHULARIACEAE) Figwort Family Antirrhinum antirrhiniflorum Small. (A. maurandioides Gray.) Snapdragon. Abundant on shaded bluffs. Barton Springs. A slender, climbing vine with small leaves and conspicuously irregular blue or purple flowers. Tex.as to Arizona and in Mexico. A very common vine in the foothills of the Davis Mountains. CastiUeja Lindheimeri Gray. Painted Cup. Indian Paint Brush. Dry, rocky hillsides. One of the most conspicuous flowers on the high, barren slopes of Mt. Bonnell and Mt. Barker. The orange, red flowers and similarly colored bracts are very showy. Texas. Conobea multi/ida Benth. Abundant in the dry bed and on the banks of Shoal Creek. Central states. Gerardia heterophylla Nutt. Dry ground. Along railroad tracks. Southern prairie states. ท Gerardia strictifLora Benth. Dry grounds. Along railroa.d tracks. Southern prairie states. Leucophyllum texanum Benth. On dry rocky ledges. Barton Creek. A striking and beautiful shrub with white-woolly foliage and pink bellshaped flowers. Texas and Mexico. Linaria texana Scheele. Toad flax. Very common in woods, fields and roadsides. A slender plant with: deJ.icate, long-spurred blue flowers. Widespread. Chiefly in the southern states. Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 71 Mecarscolus stimulosus A. Gray. . . • 44 Cocwlus carolinus ทD.C. . . • . • • • . • . . • 80 Cockle Bur. . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . • . . . . . 77 Coleosanthus cylindricits Kuntze . . . . 77 Coleostylis Lindheimeri Small • . . . . • 69 Colubrina texensis A. Gray. • • • . • • . . . 49 Commelina angustifolia Mich(?).... 16 Commelina crispa Wooton.......... 16 Commelina erecta L. . . . . . . . . . • . . . . 16 Commelina 'IJirginica L . . ......... , 16 Common Peppergrass . . . . . . . . . . . • 32 Compass Plant . .. .. • .. .. . • .. .. . . .. 86 Condalia obovata Hook ..... ~. . • . • • 49 Condalia obtusifolia . .. .. .. .. .. .. • . 49 Cone Flower. • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Conobea multi/ida Benth. . . . • . . . • • . 70 C0'110clinum coelestin11m DC. . . . . . . . . 77 Convolvulus hermannioides A. Gray. 62 Convolvulus ทmcanus Vahl. • • . • • • . . 62 Coaperia Drummandii Herb. • • . . . . 19 Cooperia ทpedunculata Herb. • . . • . • • 19 Coral Bead. . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Coral Bean. . . • . . . . • . .. . . • . .. . • . . . • 40 Coralberry. . • • . • . .. . . • • . . . • .. . • .. 74 Core.opsis cardaminefolia T. and G. 81 Cork Elm.......•......•.....•...• 23 Corn Salad. . . . • • . . . . . . . . . • . . • . . . . 75 ~ornus asperifolia Michx. . . . . • . • • • . 66 ~orydalis curvisiliqua Engelm. . . . • . • 31 Cottonwood. . . .. . . .. . .. .. . . . .. •.. • 21 Crane's Bill. • . . . . . • . . . . . . . . • • . . • . • 41 'JratciegUB ep. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Creepingท Mesquite. . • • . . . . • . • .. . • • • 9 Creeping Selaginella . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 7 !::roton fruticulo8U8 Engelm. . . . . . . . . 46 Groton monanthogunus Michx. . • • • . 46 .ฃroton texensis. (Muell.) ท Arg. . . . . . 45 ~rownbeard. . • • • • . . • . . . . . . . . • . . . . . 83 Crow-poison. . . . . . . . . . . • . . • . . . . . .. • 18 Crusea tricocca Heller • . . . . . • • • • • • 73 Cueurbita foetidissima H.B.K. . . . . . 75 Cudw:eed. . .. ..... : • .. • • . • • . • • .. .. • 80 Curl Dock. . • . . • . • . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 24 Curly-leaved Day-flower, . . • • . • . . . . 16. Cuscuta arvensis Beyrich . . . . . . • . . • . 62 Cuscuta 70 Wire. . .... .. . . . ...... . ... . .....• lS ท41 Yard. . .......... . .... . .. ... ...... 13 36 Yellow.. .. . ... .. .. ...... . . .... .. 10 34 76 Green ทAah. . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. ท6'1' 63 Green-briar. • • . . . . • •.. . . . . . . . . . . . . • . '19 63 Green ทD{'6g()n. ... . •''ทท Ni•n•. .• ....•• '1.6 63 Green-flowered peppergrass . . . . . . • . '82 36 Green ทViolet.ท •ท ท.... . ท . ท." ..~ . . . . . . . . . . . ท52 ทso Grin.delia sguarro.•ILท Dun:tl. . . . . . . . • • ท17.3 80 Oromwel11ท.ท ทททท . . . . . •• •. • . • . . ...., . . 066 61 lir<,1111d ChePey. . .... .. _ . . •• . .. . ท54ท 61 nround ทPlum. . • . . . .. .. . . .• . . . . . • ท157ท 61 Groundท ทPlum.ท ท. ท" ท.. : .. ; ......•..... ; '88 26 Guilleminea densa Moq.. •. . . . . . . . • 26 Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern Allies of the Austin Region 93 g:: :i:':f.~ท. :... ::::::::::::::::::. Gvtierre~ia ท teza"ฐ T. andท C...... . Gttmnoaperm" cor11mboaa DC.ท . . . . . 'Ot Ji-..kberry.-'" . .. .. _.,., L ; • .. .. . . ... . • :!ii Hllmoaa austrina ท ทSmall . . • . • •. . • • . 38 Hamoaa kptocarpa ' Rydb.-. . • . . • . . ทas lfamoaa Lmdkeimeri Rydh. . . . . • . . . ทSS J!amoaa Nuttalia.fta Ridh;ทท .. ...... . ~S HartmannV. specioaa Sm-lll . . . . . . . &i ll:awthorne.ท ท .-ท.•ท•.•ท.-ท, •, . ท:. . . • . .. .. . 115 11edeoma acinoides Scheefeท. . . . . •• . . 68 Hedeoma ท Drumnumd# Benth. . . • . . • 61! Sedge Nettle. . • •. • •.. . .. . . •.. •.. 70 Hedgeท Parsley........ ... , ,, . .. .. . b7 Helenium mierocepkalum Eld. ••••. • 8'l Helenittm tenuifolium Nutt...ท.. . : . . S4 Helia..tkemum roamarinifolium Pursb t 2 Heliamhua annuus L. ท 81 Helianthus cinereue T. al'td G.1 .. '81 Helianthus . Ma:i:imilianii Schrad. .. . 91 Helianthus ทpraecoz Engelni.. . . . . • . 8'1. Helio~opium teneUum Torr. : •, •.. ท86 Henbit. . .. ..." .....ท. ... ;ท... .': .. . 68 Herpeatris ทehamaedr11oiile8 ทH.B.K.. . '11 Herpestris Mannina ททH.B.K. . •.. ; . . 71 Heterothecu ll'Ub~ris Britt. and . RU8by; ........................ 711 Heterantheraท dubia: McM. . • . . . • . • . • 17 Hicoria ทPecan Britton. ." .•ท.... : . . • 20 Hilaria tezana Nash. (H. eenchroide8 -var. tezana Vasey.. .... .'.. ..... 9 ffoarhound. -. ท. ท .. : : ท, ....... .-.. . .. . . . 68 Hlhn<>locenchrus ory!IOUlea Poll. . . • •. 11 Honey Locust. , .. •.. •.. . .. .. .. . .. . ท36 Honeysuckle. • .... . .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. 74 Hop Tree. ท. ท .. : .. ; . ; . . . . . •. . . . . • . . 42 Hordeum pusillum Nutt. • • . . . . . . . . . 14 ทHorned Pondweed. . .... .. .......... 8 l'Iomwort. ......ท.. .. .............. 29 Horsebean. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. ...... . ทs6 Horsemint. . • • . . . . .. . . . • . . . . .. •.. • . 68 Horse Nettle . ........ .'... .. .. . .. .. 65 Horsetail, Scouring Rush. . . . . . . . . . . ท 6 Horseweed. . ... .-: .. .... : .. . , .. .. .. ทso Hoaaekia Purshiantiท Beilth. . . . . . . . . 3S Houstonia anl/UBtifolia Michx. .. .. .. 74 Houtonia humifusa A. Gray...... .'. 74 Houetonia ทsub11iscosa Gray. •...•• ;. . 74 H11droeot1ile u11ibellata L. ท.. : . . . •• . . 57 H11droeot11Ze 11erticillata Thumb . , . . . 57 H11menantheriim pentachaetum; • •. . li5 Hvmenoclea--mncus dichotomua Ell. . . ........ . . Jungle. Rice. ท , . ....ท...... ... .. .... Juatrilu/1. dijfuea Forskl. . .. ..•...... J'Ustriiuaท sut!Nlticosa L. ท.......... . Ka.Ustroemia intermedia Vail; ท. .. ;ท; , _Keer!iaท ทbeU-idifolia Gray p Engelm. K'fameriaท ทsecundiflora DC. . ...... . KriuUt: occidentalis Nutt. ..... .... . La.ciniaria punctata Kuntze .. ... . . Laetuca ludo11iciana DC. . ......... . La.ctuca 11irosa L. . ............... . Ladies' Tresses. . ... ......... ... .. Lamb ท Lettuce. . .... .. ..... , .. .. .. Lamb's" Quarter. .-ท; ............... . Lamium ampkzicaule L. . . .. , .... , Lantana horrid.a H. B. K. . . .....•. Large-flowered Bladder-pod ....... . Lathyrus pueillus Ell. . ........... . La11a=ia trilobaทSpach.ท ••• •....•.•• La11au:i:ia Watsoni Small••••.••••• •• Lechea tenuifolia Michx. . ..... . ... . Lemna c11clostasa Chev. ... ... . . •.. Lemna minor ทL. .ท.. ....... ........ Leonotis nepetaefolia R. Br. . . ..... . Lepidium apetalum Wild. . .. .... .. . Lepidium austrinum Small ... , . .. . Le.pidium medium ทGreene.......... • Lepidium 11irginicum L. . .... .... , .. Leptilon camulense ทBritton . . ....... . Leptochloa mucronata Kunth ..... •. . Lepuropetalon spathulatum Ell. • . ... Lespede:za frutescens Brit. ท. .... •.... Leaped.em procumbe'ns Mfohx. . ... . . Lesquerella densiflora ทs. Wats. . ... . Lesquerella Engelmannii S. Wats.. . Le•querella gracilis S. Wats. . ; ... • Lesquerella qrandiflora S. .Wats.. . . Lesquerella lasWearpa S. Wats. . .. . Lesquerella recur11ata S. Wats..... . Leucoph11Uum tezanum ท ทBenth. . . . . Leuco81/TiB BPino8U8 Greene........ . Liatris punctata ทHook ..... :-..ท.. .. Liinmoilea arkansana pilosa Nash.• Limoncillo.-. .. .. .. ....... .. ... ... Linaria tezana Scheele ........... . Lindheimera tezana Gray & Engelm. Lion's ทHeart. . . . ..... ...... .... . Lip Fem.: ......ท. ........ .. ..... .. ~PP~ li~rina .Brit. ......... '..'.. Lippia nodiflora L. ท ท. .. .ท.......ท. .. . Lithmmermum bre11iflorum Engelm. ทand Gray .............ท; ..ท:: .. .-.. • LithoBPernum linearifolium Goldie. . Live Oak. : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lobelia cardinaliS L. . . • . . •• . . . . . . . Lolium. perenne L. ........... : .. .. Lomatium daucifolium Coult. & Rose ทLongท :Moes: • .. .....ท.. , .. .. .. .. .. • L.ooting Star. . ••.••..•.•.•.•....•.• 58 Sicyos angulata L, .• .........,......... . 76 Sida diffusa H.B.K. . .•..•...•••••••. 61 Sida filipes A. Gr&Y••••.••••• •.••••.• 61 Sida filifOT'111~ ~Oris ••••••••.•.... (il Sida h:astata lilt. : Hil•. •.............. . &l S. physocalyz ทA. ~:V•••••••••••••.• lil Sida spinoBa L.~......,_..... " ........._._. 61 Siฃ11lirioia ~cens Kuntze.••.••... 14 Silene antirrhina L. : •..~.•.•~ ... ....... . 29 Silphium albifloruffl. Gray ••.•..•...• 88 Silph.ium asperrimvm: Hook.•.•.•.•.. 88 Siphonogwssa Pil po;vinoB:t.ท ~cJqieU. ท~-~o Sjtilias grM&di[lora Greene; ;._,_,._;:... 11'7 gtilias mvlticalill Green•.ท•.•. ••••...ท ._ 11'7 Skullcap. ; ••.•~. ~.••.• •.••...•......_.• ท ;eSkunk Bush. . ...................,•.•_._ ..,. Skunk Bu!ih. . ....................ท 47 Sleepy Ca~fty • • •.•• •. •••• ••.•..•• • 29 Slender B1-dder-pod. • •.•.. •.• ..•• • . . . . 31! Small-leaved Mulberry •••.•. , . •••• • 28 Sp:lart weed. • • •••• • ••.•• • ••••• •.• •.• ~ Smilax Bona-noz L. •••••••. . . •. ••.. l.9 Snakeroot. ., .,.•.. ._. . . . .. .... . .. . •..• • li.7 Snapdragon. • •••.•. ~ท ..........._. . •.. • •. '{0 Sneezew~ .ท • . . .. •• . • • . .. .. . • . • . . 84 Snow-on-the-mou,nWn.• ,............. 46 .Soapbel'r1".~ ... _ท•• t ~.-:..., • • ••• ~ ••• •.• ••• •.• 4.$ Solanum carolinenile L.•ท •• , ••••.••••• 611 Solanvm elea.J11'i/ol.1'.&m Pav._. •••••••.• 611 Solanum heter~ ~• •• •. • • 411 Solanum nigrum l-, ..,••.;._.., .......;... till Solanum ro-tratum:.J)lตial. " • • • • • • • • 66 Sl>lanum TOTTelli .A.ท~GflP'ททท.ท.ทท•ททท .1!6 Solanum triquetrv1!!.. (lav•••••..••••• ท 116 Solidaoo ฐ"'~L........ .. . . . . . • SP Splidago nemoralis AJt. ._. • •. . . • . •• . Sil Sonchus asper AIL .~.. • •• •• •• •• ••••• • 87 &mch.tUJ oleracevs L.:,............... M &>phia mill,efol.ia, Ry)>d. . .•...•. , . . . 38 Sophora a/fi.niB T. "an;d: G. • •.• •• • • •• •. 40 &phora secvnidflora DC; • • • • • • • • . • 40 /tp1-ghastrum ท nutans Nash. . . . . . . ... • .ll Sorghum halepenee P~ท • • • •• ••• •• ท9 Sour Grass. . ••.•. ;ท, •• . . . . . . ..... . . . 42 ~~!'" J;,r:J~.-.-:::.:::.::::::::::::::: s Spanish Bayonet. • ..•••.• . •.. .. .. . . ..• • U Spanish Buckeye • •• •. • • . . . .. . .. . • . 4.8 Spanish Moss ..• , • • • • •.• • •.•.• •.. • • . • • • • l.'.l' Spearmint.ท . . •••..••...••.•..••..•.•;.. 68 ~ecularia. bi/lora Gray • • . . • •. •• •. • 't~ $4>ecvlaria cokw~Buc!ll .n~oir•..•. •.. . 67 Spice Bus.h.. • ทท, •.•.•, • .'::•.,... •. ••.•• •. 63 Seed Plants, Ferns, Fern i:\l.lies of the Austin Region !;)'! Spiderwort. . ....... .. .. . ......•.•. 16 Si>ioelia ท Lindheimeri Gray•......... li9 ~iDY. ท Amanmtli. • ....•..•.•...•• , 26 ~t,,,,,.,. Gvr08tach11• ........ ... . 20 Sl>l~ ทWort. . . . ..•.......•••••••. 6 9;>0robolWB' "VaginaeflorUB Torr... .•. 11 Spotted-Spurge; . • •...........••••. 44 $pring ทBeauty-. . • •••.•• . .•.••.•••• 21 !!'Purge. • •........................ 46 Spurge.......••....•.. .....• . . ..•. 44 Spurge Nettle.... ... . ..... . ... . .. . 44 Squaw-weed. • • •..• • ••..•.••.••.••. 86 Stach'l/8 agi'aria Cham. and Sehl.•.•. 70 Standing ทCypress. . ..•........ •.. •. 68 St Andrew's 'Cross...... ........... . 61 Star Cucumber. . .... . ........... •• 76 .S'tar Thistle. . ..................... ~ Starwort. ..•...••..•..•..•••.•..•• 28 Stellm-iaทmedia Smith ............ .. 28 Stelkiria praatrata ทBaldw• • ท ..... •.. ••• Sticktight. . . •.•......•..•...•. •..•.. ~ 9tillingiaทlfnearifolia Kl. and Garcke 46 Stipaท ทleucotricha ท'l'riii. . .•••• •..•.. 12 Stonecrop. . .............. "' ..... .. 84 .,. Stork's Bill. • ...................... Stramoni'llDl. . .................... 84 Streptanthus bracteatUB A. Gray••.. 88 l'ltreptanthtUt 2>l&t1JMrptmosa ทTorr"ท ....... ....... , 46 Tread ท Softly , .. ท.. ท.. .. .. .. .. . .. .... 66 Tl"ee-of"Heaven. . . .. . . . . . .. . . . .. . . • 48 Xribulu ' terestris L. . . . . .. .. . .. .. .. 42 TricU8pi8 albeac6"" Munro.. .. .. . • • • 14 Tridena albescens W. ทand S. . . . • . . . 14 Tri