BULLETIN 

OF 

THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS 

No. 91 
The ·Work of the Fall and 
Winter Terms 

[BEING THE UNIVERSITY RECORD, VOLUME VII, NO. 3) 

Published by the Unive?·sity of Texas semi-monthly. 
Entered as second-class mail matter at the postoiffoe at Austin. 

AUSTIN, TEXAS 
March 15, 1907 

PUBLICATIONS 
OF THE 

UN IVE RS I TY 0 F TE:X!AS 
BOARD OF EDITORS 
WILLIAM JAMES BATTLE, Editor-in-Chief. 
HERBERT EUGENE BOLTON, Secretary and Manager. 

KILLIS CAMPBELL, The University Record. 
WILLIAM SPENCER CARTER, Galveston, Medical Series. 
LINDLEY M. KEASBEY, Humanistic Series. 
THOMAS H. MONTGOMERY, JR., Scientific Series. 
PmNEAS L. WINDSOR, General Series. 

The publications of the University of Texas are issued twice a month. For postal purposes they are numbered consecutively as Bulletins without regard to the arrangement in series. With the exception of the Special Numbers any Bulletin will be sent to citizens of Texas free on request. Communications from other institutions in reference to exchange of publications should be addressed to the University of Texas Library. 
117·407·lm·705 



BULLETIN 
OF 

THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS 
No. 91 
The Work of the Fall and 
Winter Terms 

[BEING THE UNIVERSITY RECORD, VOLUME VII, NO. 3] 

Published by the University of Texas semi-monthly. 
Entered as second-class mail matter at the postojfice at Austin. 

AUSTIN, TEXAS 
March 15, 1907 

Cultivated mind is the guardian genius of de­mocracy. . . . It is the only dictator that free­men acknowledge and the only security that freemen desire. 
President Mirabeau B. Lamar. 
THE WORK OF THE FALL AND WINTER 

TERMS. 
[BEING THE UNIVERSITY RECORD, VOLUME VII, NUMBER 3.] 
CONTENTS. 
EVANS PRIZE ORATIONS OF 1907: Qualified Suffrage in Texas Cites . . ... ... ....F. M.· Ryburn .... 177 The Water and Light Plant of Austin ..........J. H. Keen ... . 181 The City Government of Galveston ........ Clarence Kendall .... 186: 
THE UNIVERSITY: 
General Notes-The Work of the First Two Terms, 192 ; The Regents' Report, 192 ; Changes, 200; New Instructors : J. L. Henderson, 201; L. 
W. Payne, Jr., 201; R. A. Law, 202; W. E. Gould, 203; W. E. Metzenthin, 203; W. K. Wright, 203; P. H. Wynne, 204; C. W. Ramsdell, 204; H. H. York, 205; C. W. Hill, 205; B. F. Sisk, 205; 
N. P. Pope, 206; F. W. Householder, 206; The University Co­operative Society, 206; Music in the University, 207; The Fort­nightly Club, 209; The Summer Schools, 211; The Educational Conference, 212; the Texas Classical Association, 217; The Eng­lish Conference, 219; Library Notes, 220; Dr. Garrison's West­ward Extension, 224; Dr. Payne's The Hector of Germanie, 229; Professor Shurter's Masterpieces of Modern Oratory, 230. 
The Department of Education . . ............ . ....... . . . .. 231 The Department of Engineering ... 232 Matters of Public Interest from the Minutes of the Faculty . . 234 Transactions of the Board of Regent.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 
Student 	Interests-The New Secretary of the Y. M. C. A., \V. W. Crutchfield, 238; 
Y. M. C. A., 238; Y. W. C. A., 241; Fraternities, 242; Sorori­ties, 242; Men's Literary Societies, 243; \¥omen's Literary So­cities, 243 ; German Dramntic Club, 245; Social Life. 24fl; Final Ball Election, 247 ; Student Publications, 248. 
Athletics-Football in 1906, 249; Basket Ball, 250; Baseball, 250; Gym­nasium Team, 250 ; Handball, 250; Finances in 1907, 250. 
Alumni Notes...... .......... .. . 251 The Texas Academy of Science .... 255 
The Texas State Historical Association .... .. . . . ... . 

THE WOR.K OF THE FALL AND WINTER TERMS .. 
(BEING THE UNIVERSITY RECORD, VOLUME \'II , NUMBER 3.) 
EVANS PRIZE ORATIONS OF 1906. 
[The writers of the three following papers were awarded first, second, and third prizes, respectively, in a public contest held at .the University on the night of M&rch 1, 1906. The prizes, aggregating $100 in amount, were offered by Major Ira H. Evans, of Austin, for the best public discus· sions of some phase of the general subject, "The Government of Texas Cities."] · 
QUALIFIED SUFFRAGE IN TEXAS CITIES. 
FRANK M. RYBURN, OF CRESSON. 
The government of the cities is one of the most important ques.-. tions that confront our people at the present time, and it seems that so vital a problem is not given the consideration that it de­serves. While matters of State and National concern have elicited the study and attention of our statesmen and governmental experts; the management of our municipal affairs has been left to scheming and unscrupulous politicians. The result might have been fore­seen. Graft, corruption, and fraud have obtained; the city has been placed in the hands of the "boss" and the "clique" ; offices and franchises have been made articles of commerce; while the funcls of the people have been expended with gross and reckless extrava­gance. 
The task that confronts the economist in his effort to determine· the cause of the complaint is not a small one, and it has never been perfectly and satisfactorily accomplished. Various conclusions have been reached in the effort to determine the cause of the complaint. Some have declared that the evil exists in the form of the govern-· ment and in the means of administration; others have attributed the results to political causes, and have sought to show that the· entrance of State and National issues into municipal elections has resulted in administrative corruption and inefficiency; while quite a number have contended that the defect lies in the control exer­cised by the State government and in the evils incident to legisla­tive interference. All of these conclusions deserve consideration, and the remedies pointed out are good as far as they go; but, to my 
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mind, they strike at the symptoms rather than at the root of the disease. To guarantee honesty and efficiency, the remedy should reach the source of administrative authority and control. Since, in a democratic community, this power must proceed from the peo­ple themselves, it seems that the purification of the electorate should be our first concern. Let us see, then, what qualifications and limitations seem necessary to attain the end desired. 
We have seen that one of the present evils which we would avoid is the dominant n1le of the "bO'ss" and the "clique." As long as it is possible for money to purchase the votes of the vicious and igno­rant, the boss will continue to rule, but if he can be deprived of this source of strength, his power and influence will no longer be .a formidable factor in municipal elections. Two methods of suf­frage qualification suggest themselves for tbe solution of this prob­lem, and I believe that each will assist in securing better adminis­tration and a truer expression of the people's will. The first is the requirement of a longer term of residence, which would diminish the influence of the "floating" population, always present and in the hands of the "ring'' and "boss"; the second is the limitation of the auffrage to the taxpayers, which would guarantee a conserva­tive expenditure of the city's funds and a true regard for the peo­ple's interest. 
It is well known that a considerable portion of the urban popu­lation has no permanent interest in the city's welfare. Laborers, gamblers, fakirs, traders,-such men as these move from place to place, with no intention of making any city their permanent home. It is evident that such a citizenship will have little pride and in­terest in the progress and development of the city in which they reside, and it is still leas probable that they will be sufficiently con-. 
·cerned about good government to cast an intelligent vote in the municipal elections. A few of these men are honest and intelli­gent, a great majority of them are vicious and unlearned. Such men as these, men without principle or pat:riotism, who would barter their ballot for a mess of pottage, march to the voting booth under the direction of the political ''boss," and in ·so doing per­petuate the rule of civic corruption and political unrighteousness. They care not who is in control, or how this control is exercised. They care not how the city's funds are spent, or how much is .spent. That man is their friend who gives them a social drink 
The Work of the Fall and Winter Terms. 179 
m shelters them from the hand of justice, and they stand ready at his call when election day arrives. Such voters as thetie are a menace to any government, but this is especially true in a munici­pality where there is greater opportunity for effective combination. Here is one of the chief sources of the politician's power, and, if we can exclude these voters from the ballot box, we shall have over­come a mighty ·;;tronghold of the enemies of good government. This can, to a large degree, be accomplished by the method we have suggested. By lengthening the term of residence to that required of voters in State elections, we can confine the exercise of the suf­frage to those who form a real and stable element in the city's popu­lation. In so doing, we should violate no constitutional guarantee and interfere with no inalienable right, but we could preserve the ·city for itself and for those really interested in honest and efficient administration. 
But, having done this, there is a danger always present in the conduct of municipal affairs. I refer to the tendency in all city administration toward a reckless and extravagant expenditure of the city's funds. Even when the influence of the "floating" popu­lation has been removed, there still remains a large per cent of the people who bear no part of the financial burden. However honest and patriotic such citizens may be and however pure their motives, if they do not have a personal interest in the maintenance of the government, they will be indifferent as to the disbursement of the 
·eity's finances. In Texas, as in other States throughout the Union, there is a general complaint of extravagance and waste, and I can conceive of no remedy for this evil except placing the control of the administration wholly within the hands of those whose taxes furnish the material support of the local government. 
I am aware that this restriction of the suffrage to the taxpayers will not command universal favor at first glance. On its face, it may seem a departure from the grounded principles of Democracy, but I believe that, on closer study, we must conclurle that it not only does not violate Democratic ideas, but that it is in the highest degree preservative of freedom and equality. No right of the citizen is violated so long as he is allowed a voice in the determination of civil and political rights. The municipal government defines and guarantees no individual rights, but it is occupied solely with ad­
ministering and adapting the law to local neech:. This being true, 
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it appears that the citizen is denied no fundamental privilege when he is refused the right to participate in municipal elections. But, that we may better understand this position, let us notice more clasely the nature of the State and city governments. 
The province of the State government is to determine and define the rights and duties of its citizens, to determine the conditionR on which property may be acquired and enjoyed, and to frame gov­ernmental agencies, through which all rights may be secured. These are matters of general interest and concern. They affect the rights of every citizen, and in carrying out these purposes every individual should participate. In applying this system, the State government entrusts many of its powers to local agents, and, in such a distribution, we see the province of the municipal govern­ment. The suh~tantive law has been prescribed and substantive rights guaranteed, but the details of administration are left to the city. The matter of schools, street cleaning, sewerage, fire protec­tion, water, gas, public health and public peace,-these are matters of city administration, and this administration consists for the· most part in the raising of revenue. The rights of the people are equal, but they do not have equal rights in property. They should all have an equal voice in the general government, for it is here their rights are determined. But when it comes to disbursing funds (and this is the chief province of the municipal govern­ment), the taxpayers should control the expenditure. No man· has a moral right to direct the expenditure of other people's money for the education of his own children, or for conveniences to be used by himself. As one writer has well said, "No surer metho·J could be devised to bring the principle of universal suffrage into· discredit than to subject it to a use to which it is not adapted, and to which it is not, in the most direct sense, applicable." By limit­ing the franchise to the taxpayers, we place the control of the city's funds in the hands of those who furnish the :financial support. This policy is defensible on both legal and equitable ground·.;;, and it will insure a frugality and conservatism in expenditure that is· sadly lacking in our present system. 
These, then, are the suffrage qualifications which present condi­tions seem to demand in Texas cities; others have been suggested, but they are either inappropriate in the µresent instance, or ren­'dered unnecessary by the application of those before mentioned .. 
The Worlc of the Fall and Winter Terms. 
With these restrictions upon the electorate, our mayors and alder­men should represent the true interests of the city. The object of all good government is the welfare of the people. By removing the influence of the vicious and reckless element, we shall place the city in the hands of those who are interested in its development; when this has been ·done, it should no longer be said that the city stands for reckless €xtravagance and political debauchery, but rather that it upholds the standard of business economy and sterling man­hood . Let it no longer be said that the city is the place where the voter is stripped of self-respect, where his moral sensibilities and patriotic impulses are deadened, and where he is robbed of his sense of honor; but may the Texas city ever be the home of a pure and enlightened citizenship, an undimini shed patriotism, a strong and sturdy manhood. 
THE WATER AND LIGHT PLANT OF AUSTIN. 
JOHN H. KEEN, OF AUSTIN. 
In 1890, by a vote of the people, the City of Austin undertook to own and operate its water and light system. The history of this attempt is a record of continual blunders. To a few of these blunders I now wish to direct your attention. 
In the first p,lace, the construction of the dam was begun under conditions ·which would doom any undertaking to fatal blunders. By eloquent advocacy the public mind was wrought up to a keen desire to ·see a great dam built across the Colorado river. For six months prior to the election authorizing the construction of the dam, hot discussion raged between the dam faction and the anti-dam faction. The condition of the public mind prevented due deliberation or questioning of the undertaking. The en­gineers were given only twenty days in which to take their measurements, make their calculations, and submit plans for the construction of the dam. The result was that the minimum flow of the river was estimated to be a thousand cubic feet per second. Subsequent history has shown that the minimum flow is only two hundred cubic feet per ·second, or one-fifth of the estimate made by the engineers. Had a longer time been given, had the true estimate been known, doubtless the undertaking would 
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never have been attempted, and the City would not now be laboring 
under the burden of a debt of a million and a half dollars. 
The second great blunder was also the direct result of the ex­cited condition of the public mind. This was the failure to secure a proper foundation. I have the testimony of men who were on the ground from the beginning of the work till the last stone was laid, to the effect that no trench whatever was maJe in the rock bed of the river into which to sink the foundation. The river bed was simply leveled off, and the . foundation laid. Why, sirs, in one place where the soil was being smoothed off for a foundation stone, a crowbar slipped into a hole and went out of sight. But the hole was covered up, and on went the work. You ask why the engineers allowed such worl<? It was not their fault. They pro­tested against it. But' the mayor of the City, who dominated the work from the beginning to the end, insisted that no more money be spent on the foundation. The engineers acquiesced, and the result was that, when the great flood came, the clam simply slipped off the foundation. 
There were other points of difference which arose between the mayor and the engineers, and which resulted in the resignation of the chief engineer and his first assistant. These points were in regard to the location of the power house, and to the shape of the dam. The mayor's plan for the location of the power house was adopted, and the outcome was a blunder, the correction of which cost the city $97,000. It is impossible to go into a detailed ac­count. The point I wish to make by this brief history is this: the construction of the dam was fraught with serious blunders which were due directly or indirectly to the perturbed condition of the public mind, and which doomed the undertaking to inevitable failure. 
Finally, in 1893, the dam plant was completed and put in oper­ation. The whole City was encouraged over the prospect of the financial success of the undertaking. But a new difficulty con­fronted the City. There was a private company which held the exclusive right of furnishing water and light to the City. Pre­suming that this company wouL1 readily sell its plant upon the completion of the dam, the City failed to make any arrangements with it. The result was, that, for a period of six years, there was a competitive war waged between the old company and the city 
The Work of the Fall and Winter Terms. 
plant, which kept both in a bankrupt condition. During this entire period the accounts of the City's plant, instead of showing any earnings with which to pay the interest on the bonds, actually showed a serious deficit. This competitive war lasted until April 7, 1900, when the dam plant was swept away, and the City left dark and dry. 
From that dark and dismal day to the present hour, the mem­ories of that beautiful lake, stretching twenty miles up the Colo­rado basin and along the foot of the awe-inspiring bluff of those grand mountains, have left a longing in the hearts of the people of Austin for the reconstruction of the dam. This desire leads us to a consideration of our first question : Should the dam 
be rebuilt? In aswering this question, we must set aside our senti­
mental desires, and consider only the actual facts. As I have 
already mentioned, the minimum flow of the river is two hundred 
cubic feet per second. The river would furnish power enough to 
supply the City at its present size with water and light for eight 
months in the year. During the other four months there would 
have to be an auxiliary steam plant. From the best calculations 
that have been made, it appears that the saving of the fuel 
bill by the use of water power would just about meet the interest 
on the money which would be required to rebuild the dam. But 
who is to undertake its reconstruction? The City? Why, sirs, 
"it would be easier for a camel to crawl through the eye of a 
needle" than for the City to rebuild the dam. It can issue no 
more bonds without increasing the valuation of its property, and 
the assessed value of property is now what many a man would be 
glad to take for it. Taxes are almost to the limit of the law. 
Moreover, the City has not one cent of credit. It can not buy a 
broom or a monkey wrench without sending the money along with 
the order. In such a condition of affairs it is i'3.le fancy, the mere 
dream of a politician, to talk of the City's rebuilding the dam. 
Whether a private company should build it or not depends upon 
the question of private ownership of the plant, which we shall 
now consider. 
Before attempting to answer this question of private ownership, 
we should acquaint ourselves with the operation of the steam plant 
which was set up in 1900 after the destruction of the dam. 
The difficulties of the situation after the breaking of the dam 
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were immense, and in judging the management of the plant due allowance must be made for them. It remains true, how­ever, that during the entire period not one cent was earned, service was poor, the water was often muddy, and frequently the pressure was so low that there was no water at all in higher portions of the City. For the year ending April, 1905, the receipts were $116,000, and the operating expenses amounted to $134,000, making a deficit of $18,000 in one year. The coal bill alone for that year was $54,000. In the face of such facts, no business man was willing to be elected commissioner. The plant seemed destined to fall into the hands of unscrupulous politicians. To prevent this, a number of Austin's prominent citizens got to­gether, selected four :first-clas<> business men, and imperatively urged them to run for commissioners. They were elected, and, with one exception, now constitute our water and light commis­sion. 
This commission began at once to investigate these enormous ex­penditures. They found them largely due to bad, management. So they elected a competent superintendent at a salary of $5000 a year. After further investigation the Superintendent found the enormous coal bill due to the poor care that had been taken of the boilers. He immediately had them cleaned, and had other changes made. The result, as shown on the books, was that the monthly expenses, despite the enormous salary of the Superintendent, were reduced $3500. The coal bill was reduced one-half, the number of employes was diminished. But what was the attitude of the public toward this businesslike administration? It was decidedly hostile. In the newspapers and on the street corners the commis­sion was condemned for its action. The opposition became so marked that the Superintendent was forced to resign, and the com­mission was driven to elect a $1200 man for Superintendent. I had hope·J to present the comparative cost of a kilowatt of electric­ity produced by the city and by the Austin Electric Railway Com­pany. The cost of the latter was readily obtained, but the former I could not get. The Superintendent told me it was not obtain­able. I could not even obtain the number of gallons of water pumped during a given period, nor could I obtain the calorific value of the coal usecl. The fact is, no proper recordo are kept. 
The present commiosion, as I _have told you, tried to place the 
The Work of the Fall and Winter Terms. 
plant upon a financial basis. They were not supported by public opm10n. Rather than return to incompetent management, they wished to resign. But, at the urgent request of a few prominent, public-spirited citizens, three of the commissioners consented to finish out their terms of office. But I have the statement from their own lips that they will not be candidates for re-election. Then, since theae were the only business men who could be persuaded to take the office, and since they will not run again, what the per­sonnel the commission will be the future alone can reveal. 
In the face of these facts, ladies and gentlemen and fellow citi­zens, I am forced to advocate as the only remedy of this evil, that the city lease the water and light plant to a private company. If these facts do not force you to thia same conclusion, then compare the management of the water and light system in Fort Worth with our own. In the year ending December, 1905, Fort Worth fur­nished 5400 consumers at a cost of $68,000. Our plant furnished 4100 consumers at a cost of $116,000. Divide the total operating expenses in each case by the number of consumers, and you will find that the average cost to the consumer in Fort Worth is one­half what it is here. True, Fort Worth has municipal ownership, but it has competent management supported by public opinion. It employs a superintendent at a salary of $3800. He make an annual report to the public showing every receipt, every expenditure, how many gallons of water have been pumped, and a detailed account of the improvements made. 
I am not arguing against the principle of municipal ownership. 
The point I wish to make by these comparisons is simply this: 
~unicipal ownership has been tried here for sixteen years; it has 
been a decided failure. This city, like most other capital citiea, ia 
a lovely residence town and an educational center. It will never · 
be a commercial center or manufacturing metropolis. And the 
sooner the citizens realize this fact, and turn their attention to 
those things which will make this city attractive to desirable home­
seekers, the sooner will prosperity be realized. Under the present 
condition, with property assessed almoat at its market value, with 
taxes almost to the limit of the law, with a bonded debt of a mil­
lion and a ha1f clollara hanging over the city, desirable residents are 
Tcpelled rather than invited to make their homes among us. 
Lease the plant to a private company under a properly guarded 
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lease. The income from the franchise would meet the interest on oµr bond-s. The appraisement of property could be reduced, taxes could be lowered, and Austin would be made, as it naturally is, the most desirable residence city in the entire South. 
THE CITY GOVER::-..T?.fENT OF GALVESTON. 
CLARENCE KENDALL, OF RICHMOND. 
The people of Galveston claim for themselves the most capable city government in the United States with the exception of that of \Vashington. Nor is this claim confined to the citizens of that city, it is shared by all who have investigated clo-sely the pres­ent -system of municipal management there. However, the claim i,; pretentious, and demands significant figures and convincing facts; but before their presentation we will consider the conditions that led to the necessity for a change in municipal control in Gal­veston about five years ago, and how the present commission form of government became effective. 
The fearful visitation of wind and water in 1900 that cost the city 25 per cent of its population, and millions upon million-s of dollars in property losses, only made this change more impera­tive; it did not originate the necessity for it, because Galveston had felt for a long time the baneful influence of official corruption and the dire effects of official incompetence. In fact, so intolerable had conditions in that city become that the citizens were not only discouraged and disgusted, but they had grown openly rebelliou-s, man)' having refused to pay their taxes. 
The spring of 1901 found the city in a practically bankrupt con­dition, having defaulted in the payment of interest upon its bonded indebtedness. Mayor and aldermen were in open dissension, and municipal affairs generally in a most deplorable condition. 
The opportunity for the change wa-s now at hand. Galveston's substantial citizens prepared and presented to the Legislature for enactment into law the famous commission bill. Accompanying this bill was a statement of facts setting forth clearly and earn­estly the status of existing conditions in the city, and concluding with the following significant paragraph: "A radical change is 
The Work of the Fall and Winter Terms. 1S7 
imperative. These and other considerations have moved us to seek relief from the municipal destruction and despair staring us in the face. It is a question with us of civic life or death." This bill provided for the appointment by the Governor of five commission­ers to form the chief executive board of the city. Local politicians, seeing in this feature of the bill the virtual extinction of their aspirations and opportunities, lost no time in fighting the measure upon the ground that it denied to the people the right of self-gov­ernment, and was, therefore, unconstitutional. A compromise wa-s effected, and the bill amended so as to provide for the appointment by the Governor of only three commissioners and the election of two by the citizens. In this shape the bill was enacted into law, and the commissioners took charge of the city September 18, 1901. 
But the spark of discontent and revenge still lingered in the breast of the opposition, and their second opportunity to fight the commission law was afforded some twenty months later when a trivial criminal case arose in the local justice court. In this case the constitutionality of the law providing for the appointment of commissioners by the Governor was attacked. The case was taken to the Court of Criminal Appeals, and by that tribunal, which is final in criminal matters, the contention was sustained. Ooll3e­quently the law was re-enacted so as to provide for the election of all commissioners by the citizens, again placing the matter of self­government entirely in their hands. 
But the change that had been wrought in the two years by the 
commissioners whose able efforts in behalf of the city had been 
untiring and unselfish, had had its effect, and the long neglected 
taxpayers manifested their appreciation and approval of good gov­
ernment by electing the original appointees to office with over­
whelming majorities. And in the elections that have followed the 
same capable gentlemen have been returned with practically no 
opposition~ 
The commission consists of a mayor-president, who is the chief executive of the city; a commissioner of finance and revenue, un­der whose direction are the city treasurer, city auditor, ancl city assessor and collector; a commissioner of streets and public prop­erty, under whose direction are the health department and the en­gineering department; a commissioner of fire and police, under 
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whose direction is the corporation court; and a commissioner of 
waterworks and sewerage. 
To comprehend adequately the remarkable success of the Gal­
veston commission, it is best to consider the achievements of the 
various departments seriatim. 
The heritage of the finance department was a city owing $3,­082,000, without credit and without borrowing capacity. What has been accomplished in the face of so discouraging a start? The en­tire :floating debt of the city, amounting to more than $150,000, has been paid. Cash, to the amount of $160,000, has been fur­nished for street paving and grading. Nearly $100,000 has been accumulated in various funds. The city has paid off nearly $20,000 in judgments against the city, inherited from the old regime. Cash has been furnished to rebuild the city hall, the waterworks pumping plant, the sewerage plant, and ·several fire engine statioil'S. All city employees are paid their wages promptly in cash, the majority of them having weekly pay-days. No longer is it necessary for the city to borrow money to meet summer ex­penses, for which the old regime borrowed annually $100,000. The credit of the city has been made first-class. Every outstanding claim has been settled and the issuance of scrip is a thing of the past. 
The above facts but partially enumerate the ac·hievements of the finance department, yet it is a remarkable record when we consider that it has been made without a bond issue of a dollar, or a dollar of increased taxation. Notwithstanding a decrease in the assessed values of the city of $6,700,000 since 1900, the tax rate in the city of Galveston today is 5 cents less upon the $100 valuation than it was prior to the storm and 15 cents less than that of the city of Houston. And it should be remembered that this carries the additional grade-raising tax of 40 cents upon the $100 valua­tion. The financing of the grade-raising enterprise, by which the city is to be raised from two to fourteen feet above its present level, has been marked with clever executive ability. For this work a bond issue of $2,000,000 was authorized. Of this amount over $1,500,000 has been issued and these bonds are being rap­idly retired with the refunded State taxes, which the city is to receive. for seventeen years, beginning with the year 1900, and which amount to $65,000 annually. The city of Galveston today 
The Work of the Fall and Winter Terms. 
collects about $15,000 annually in interest upon its various bank deposits. Under the old system of government not a cent reached the city treasury from this source, regardless of the fact that a handsome interest percentage was derived from it. 
In the department of streets and public property, an enviable record has been made. The entire business section of the city has been paved with brick and concrete. Seventeen miles of rock and gravel streets have been constructed. Galveston's beautiful public parks have been restored, new schoolhouses built. The public util­ity plants have been brought to the highest point of efficiency. 
In the department of fire and police, a fruitful field for graft in every city, a striking improvement is noted. The inefficiency of these departments under the old system was exceeded only by their inexcusable extravagance. A few comparisons will sub­stantiate this statement. Under the old system the chief of police received $1800 a year and various fees, and the services of an assistant. The chief of police under the commission govern­ment receives $1500, the city receives the fees, and the assistant is dispensed with. Under the old system the fire chief received $1800 annually. He, too, had an assistant and a private driver. The 
present fire chief receives $1500, he has no assistant and drives 
himself. The city _attorney originally received $1800 a year and 
10 per cent of collections. The present legal adviser of the city 
is paid only $1200 annually and 5 per cent of collections. In the 
old days the judge of the corporation court received $1800 -a year 
and various fees. Today Galveston's recorder receives $1200 a 
year and a~l the fees go to the city. Regardless of this curtail­
ment in running expenses and number of officials, both the 
fire and the police department have reached a higher point of 
efficiency than ever in their history. No longer are firemen and 
policemen called upon to donate part of their earnings to the cam­
paign funds in order that their chief may be re-elected. In this 
connection, it may be stated parenthetically that the last campaign 
fund amounted to $320, this sum having been solicited from busi­
ness men. No saloonkeeper, gambler, or city employee, was allowed 
to contribute. 
In the department of waterworks and sewerage the same busi­
nesslike, aggressive policy has obtained. The sewerage system 
190 The University Record. 
has been greatly extended and the water service made first-class at 
reduced rates. 
Undoubtedly the commissioners and their form of government have made good for all time; and we are curious to learn the secret 0£ their phenomenal success. How have they been able to bring a perfect 3ystem out of the most discouraging confusion, solvency out of hopeless insolvency? How have they been able to establish popular faith in official integrity and ability, when for so long naught but distrust antl ·tlisgust had been accorded them? How have they been able to build a storm-proof city upon a flat island in the sea? In short, how have they been able to make of the city that was once notorious for its misgovernment a field of investiga­tion for those who aeek to improve their civic conditions? To answer all of these inquiries, is to state that the municipal govern­ment of Galveston is a business corporation. in fact, political only in theory. Her public servants are in no wise politicians, but substantial business men who have brought to the administration of their official duties the same high degree of care, foresight, and intelligence that they bestow upon the management of their pri­vate affairs. Economy, and strict economy, has been the watch­word. Department expenditures have been kept strictly within department apportionments. There have been no political debts to pay; no demands of political expediency to satisfy. 
Pos3ibly the strongest feature of Galveston's local government is the concentration of authority and responsibility. Each commis­sioner is supreme in his department and at all times responsible for its administration. There is no shifting of responsibility upon the shoulders of subordinates that properly belongs to the chief. EYery commissioner gives to his tlepartment his careful personal attention, an<l is at all times familiar with ita every phase and feature. 
Another strong feature of the commission is the absence of that rule which obtains in some other cities under the commission form of goYernment,-in Houston, for instance, which requires that the commissioners give their entire time and attention to the ad­ministration of their official duties. Should this rule exist in Gal­veston, it would not only preclude the services of her present capa­ble commissioners, but it would be a barrier, keeping forever the most eminently qualified citizena from active participation in the 
The Work of the Fall and Winter Terms. 
city's management. It has been conclusively 'Shown in cities of the United States and in European cities that five men or even three men can manage a city of less than 100,000 population better than sixteen or twelve, and still have time for other things. 
Galveston pays her mayor $2000 a year and her commissioners $1200 each, and I am warranted in making the statement that even though no salary whatever were attached to the office of commis­sioner, the same gentlemen would be serving the city today. Some of the best governed cities in the United States today are admin­istered by unsalaried. officials. In fact, wherever this condition exists, a good government is necessarily the result. A strong, ca­pable local government is a most valuable asset for the businesa interests of the city, and more and more are business men today recognizing this fact. The substantial men of Galveston are al­ready awake to its importance, and are setting a meritorious ex­ample to other American cities along municipal government lines. 
Municipal government is a science, it is true, but after all it is a business science, and this fact is plainly evident to all who have watched the career of Galveston since September 18, 1901. By the application of common-sense business methods, and the strict elim­ination of political red tape, that city has not only been redeemed, but it has been made prosperous and beautiful. It has been able to achieve that ideal political state where the office seeks the man. Happily, the men sought have beeri good men, and in responding to public demand have, in a measure, fulfilled the wish of our fore­most Democrat, who recently said: "Let us hope that the day is near at hand when the substantial business men of the United States, instead of continuing their accumulations to the very end of life, will be satisfied with a competency, and when that is se­cured give to their country the benefit of their experience, their in­telligence and their conscience." 
rn2 The University Record. 
THE UNIVERSITY. 
GENERAL NOTES. 
In general the work of the Unirnrsity has gone these two terms with uncommon smoothness. Not much has happened, and there is not a great deal to say. As to numbers, a detailed comparison 'l:'~~:~rk with last year is postponed until the appearance of the First Two Terms. Catalogue. The total number of students in Austin 
is roughly 1300; of these the College of Arts (the old Department of Literature, Science, and Arts) claims in its undergraduate classes 835, the Law Department 285, the Engineering Department 296; an increa~e over last year of 68 in the College of Arts, 56 in the Law De­partment, and 44 in the Engineering Department. In the College the in­crease is chiefly in the Sophomore and Junior classes, in the Law Depart­ment chiefly in the first or Junior class. 
The increase of numbers has made imperative additional sections in many courses. English 1 now has nineteen sections, German A five, His­tory 1 and 2 four each, Latin 1 four, Mathematics 1 eight, Spanish A five. In Chemistry and Physics the limit of accommodations was early reached and a considerable number of students were excluded. 
As a whole the Freshman class of 1906-7 is stronger than that of last year, but its preparation is hardly improved. It is clear that we have a considerable body of students who are not qualified to do college work. Admission on eight units was once a necessity, but it is so no longer. The high schools of the State are numerous enough now and good enough to send the University as many well trained students as we are in a position to look after. The presence of others means hindrance to our own proper work by using up our energies in !ow-grade work, harm to the high schools from which we draw students too soon, and discouragement to these students themselves when they find out that they are unable to keep up with their better prepared classmates. The usage of the better institu­tions the country over is to require fourteen units for admission, and this standard the University of Texas must also adopt at no distant date. 
Bulletin No. 84 is the "Twelfth Biennial Report of the Board of Regents of the University of Texas." It bears the date of December 1, 1906, but 
it did not really appear till April 1. The delay is due 
to the printers. But the troubles of the University in
ll\egents' ll\eport. 
getting printing done are an old story. As regards 
the Regents' Report the delay is peculiarly unfortu­nate, for the failure to put the Report into the hands of the members of the Legislature early in the session has been used to prejudice legislative opinion against us. 
The Work of the Fall and Winter Terms. 193 
The Report is an interesting document to all lovers of the University. Like all publications of the University, it may be had by any citizen of the State free if he will write to the Registrar and ask for it. For the benefit of those who do not have time or inclination to read the Report itself we deem it wise to give some account of its contents. Wonder of wonders, it is smaller than the last one,-199 pages as compared with 248. The diminution is due partly to the omission of the section setting forth the aims and methods of each individual school, partly to an evident desire for conciseness of statement throughout. 
As usual, we have first the report proper, 26 pages long, and then a series of exhibits occupying 173 pages. The report proper is subdivided into ten heads. These we take up one by one. THE GROWTH OF THE UNIVERSITY. 
The most striking fact in the recent history of the University is its increase in number of students. The tables giv-en below show it in detail, the first comparing 1905-06 with 1903-04, the second with 1895-95: 
1903-04  1905-06  Iacrease  Per cent  
College  ..... . .............  533  767  234  43.9  
Law  ... ........ . .. ........  186  247  ~l  32.7  
Engineering  . .... ...........  154  273  119  77 .2  
Total,  Main  University,  Reg·  
ular  Session  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  873  1287  414  47.6  
Medical  Departi;nent  . . . . . . . .  235  285  50  21.2  
Summer Session  ............  285  444  159  55.7  

Grand total ....... . ... . 1393 2016 623 44 .7 

1895-96 1905-06 Gain Per cent College ........ ...... .. ... 323 767 444 138 Law .. .................... 144 247 103 71. 5 Engineering ............... 20 273 253 1265 Total, Main University, Reg· 
ular Session ... ........... 487 1287 800 IM 
Medical Department ......... 248 285 37 15 
Regular Session ......... .... 444 444 

Grand total .. .. .. .. .... 730 2016 1386 190 
NEEDS OF THE UNIVERSITY. 
This rapid increase in numbers has brought problems not easy to handle. For their proper teaching more instructors are constantly needed. The number of classes exceeds already the rooms available during the morning hour;;, and afternoon hours will have to be used m~re and more, a disagree­able necessity in this climate both for teacher and student. Some classes have grown too large for the largest rooms we have and lectures must be 
The University Record. 
uselessly duplicated. The laboratories in science are crowded beyond their capacity and in Physics and Chemistry the membership in certain courses has had to be restricted. Tlie Library reading room, which is inevitably used for a general study hall, is totally inadequate. The number of offices for instructors, necessary for the large amount of individual conference required between instructors and student in some courses, is far less than the number of the teaching staff, and in nearly every case each office is used by several instructors. It is desirable, too, that student activities, such as the literary societies and the various publications, should be given separate quarters, but only a few can .be accommodated. The museums of the University are miserably housed, being scattered in various places and crowded beyond decency. The Cooperative Society and Postoffice have quite outgrown their present quarters. The workshop is badly cramped. The Library room is not only far too small, but our collections are far too valuable to be kept in a building that is not fire-proof. The gymnasium in every particular is so inadequate as to be a di.sgrace. The crowding of the Law rooms is ~erhaps worse than that of any other part of the building. 
To relieve the present situation and to provide for the growth of the next few years, the Report sets forth the need of six buildings at Austin: a power plant, a law building, a science building, a library, a gymnasium, an addition to the chemical laboratory; and two buildings at Galveston: ·a laboratory building and an addition to the J-0hn Sealy Hospital to ac­commofate outdoor patients. The Regents recognize foe impossibility of securing all these buildings now and confine their requests to the Legisla­ture for buildings to the following. 
1. Power Plant: Building, $40,275; equipment, $24,500; total, $64.­
775. 
2. 
Fire-proof Law Building: Additional appropriation for building, $62,000; for equipment, $10,000; total, $72,000. 

3. 
A Science Building: Construction of one-half, $50,000; equipment, $10,000; total, $60,000. 

4. 
A Medical Laboratory: $50,000. 


The Law building has already been begun. This has been rendered pos­sible by postponing certain expenditures already voted and by making use Qf a large and unexpected increase in receipts from land leases and matriculation fees. The sum of $56,000 was found in these ways. As the cost of the building according to the plans adopted is $118,000, the sum of $62,000 is needed from the Legislature, or allowing $10,000 for equipment, $72,000. "Plans and specifications for this building have been prepared by one of the best architects in the State and have been care­fully considered by the building committee of the Board of Regents and approved after certain changes had been made with the view of reducing the cost of the building. The proposed building is of excellent design and will ;be of fire-proof construction. It will contain six large lecture rooms, ample reading and library space for the students, and offices for five in­structors. It will n<Yt Qnly furnish accommodations for the department on 
The Work of the Fall and Winter T erms. 
its present basis, but will allow for expansion, and, in the meantime, will 
make it possible to relieve the Main Building by temporarily holding classes in Political Science and Public Speaking in it." 
The building will stand •southeast of the Main Building, at the head of Wichita street. The whole budget as presented to the Legislature is as follows: 
Main University at Austin.  
1907·08  1908-09  
$174,978.26  $17 4,978.26  

Medical Branch at Galveston. 
1907-08 1908-09 
$ 84,228.66 $ 81,883.66 

ESTIMATED EXPENDITURES. 
1907-08 1908-09 Present salaries ......... _.. .. . ..... ..... . $153,903 34 $153,903 34 Additional salaries ....... . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . 8,000 00 8,000 00 General expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,495 00 36,495 00 Schools and laboratories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,225 00 12,225 00 Buildings, each year..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,187 50 76,187 50 Permanent equipment for University build­ings .. .. . . . .. .. . 22,250 00 22,250 00 
Grand total ... ..................$309,060 84 $309,060 84 

ESTIMATED INCOME. 
Interest on State bonds. ....... .... $ 25,035 00 $ 26,035 00 Land leases .................... .. .. .. . . . . 93,173 58 93,173 58 Land notes, estimated interest on ...... . ... . 2,874 00 2,874 00 Matriculation fees, estimated ........... ... . 12,000 00 12,000 00 
T-0tal . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ........... .. . $134,082 58 $134,082 58 Appropriation needed from the general rev­enue ............... . ............$174,978 26 $174,978 26 
Total .... .........$309,060 84 $309,060 84 

Medical Branch at Galveston. 
ESTIMATED EXPENSES. 
Present salaries ......... . .. . .............$ 46,256 66 $ 46,256 G6 
Additional salaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 00 1,000 00 

The University R.ecord. 
Schools and laboratories  .. ... .... . .. ... .. .  10,280 00  8,045 00  
General expenses  . . . . .. . .. . . .. .. ...... ... .  8,407 00  8,307 00  
Laboratory building  .. . . . ....... . .. . ..... .  25,000 00  25,000 00  

Total ... ... . . .. . ... . ............. . .....$ 90,943 66 $ 88,608 66 

ESTIMATED INCOME. 
.Fees from students . ... ...... . .. . . ........$ 6,715 00 $ 6,715 00 Appropriations needed from general rev­enue ..... . ..... . .... .. . . ......... . .. . 84,228 66 81,883 66 
Total . . . . .. ........................ . $ 90,943 66 $ 88,608 «56 

EXPENDITURES. 
Under this head are considered the expenses of the Main University' other than for buildings for the past four years. The salary list rises steadily, chiefly owing to the need for new instruction for our increased numbers; the expenses for schools and laboratories have decreased; the general expenses are practically the same as four years ago. 
THE TEACHING STAFF. 
Under this head the salaries and duties of the Faculty are considered. 
ADVANCED INSTRUCTION. 
The Report here points -0ut the great need of offering advanced instruc­tion for graduates of the University and of the other Texao colleges. "The University does not desire to attract students from other Texas colleges, but, on the contrary, it desires to encour-age stude.nts entering those col­leges to take their undergraduate work there, and afterward, if they de­sire, to enter the University." At present the pressure of work with large elementary classes prevents proper development of the work for advanced students. 
RESEARCH WORK. 
The University needs funds for research and investigation along all lines. Texas offers a super.b field for investigation, especially in geology, biology, history, and economics. 
STUDENT BODY. 
The character and conduct of the student body the past two years have been exceptionally good. Only one student has had to be dismissed for misconduct. Most of our students are serious and studious. 
"The Regents and the Faculty have committed themselves definitely to the policy of requiring every student to devote himself seriously to his 
The Work of the Fall and Winter Terms. 
197 
duties and to show results or to withdraw from the institution. They realize that it is a serious thing for a man to spend three or four years of his life at a critical period in any enterprise, and that what kind of habits he forms is a matter of great concern. The University will not tolerate dawdling. It will attempt to hold men in college to the .same fidelity to duty that men in the business world are held to. The Univer­sity has devised machinery for securing such results." 
THE STANDARDS OF THE UNIVERSITY. 
This section deserves quoting in its entirety. 
"The University believes that th(: people of the State are much more concerned about the quality of the men whom it turns out than about the numbers, and especially about those who are being trained for the profes­sions. It is certainly the policy of the University to prepare for the serv­ice of the State men of high ideals and of broad and thorough training. We have constantly increased the requirements for admission to the pro­fessional schools and have lengthened the professional courses, the medical course from three to four years and the law course fr-0m two to three year:;;, and we have decided that, beginning in 1909, the University will require all ·students who enter the Law School -0r the Medical School for a degree to present the equivalent -0f one full year's work in the academic department of a good college -0r university. We believe that this require­ment will result in greatly increasing the efficiency of the work of the University and in raising the professional standards in the State." 
DEPARTMENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY. 
The function of each department is here briefly considered. 
THE UNIVERSITY AND THE STATE. 
"The University is attempting in every way to serve the interests of the people of the State who support it. It aims to foster every practical interest, but it does not lose sight of the fact that its highest mission is . to seek the truth and to instill high ideals into the minds of the men and women committed to its care. Its first and great general aim is to train good citizens. It seeks to prepare men for making a living, but it does not hold the commercial ideal up to them as their great and ultimate ideal. It is trying especially to train men for social service. Furthermore, it bears in mind, clearly, the truth that progress in practical lines is dependent upon broad and sound, liberal and scientific training. The world's greatest practical contributions have issued from the laboratories of the carefully-trained thinkers and investigators. The Univer·sity can not better serve society than by furnishing it a sufficient number of men and women trained to accurate observation and clear thinking. Industry, today, especially demands many-sided leaders, and while the University will continue to train civil, electrical and mining engineers, and to pre­
The University Record. 
pare men for business, for flie practice of medicine and law and the other callings, it will emphasize the great truth that a broad and thorough foundation is of fil"st importance." 
Besides its general work of training citizens and promoting learning, the University is working also along special lines, the upbuilding of the public school system by supplying teachers and by the addresses and publications of its Faculty and the industrial dev-elopment of the State by sending out thoroughly trained, broad-minded experts ·in the fields of law, medicine, and engineering. 
Exhibit A gives a list of important positions held by graduates and students .of the University. For an institution so young it is certainly most creditable. 
Exhibit B gives a list of the Faculty and their academic history. 
Exhibit C is a list of the Board of Regents from the beginning. 
Exhibit D is an elaborate series of tables showing the growth of the in­stitution. 
Table I shows the matriculation by sex and department; Table II, the degrees conferred from 1883 to 1906. Tables III to XI all deal with the years 1904-6. Tables III and IV give the student representation by counties, both at Austin and at Galveston, for the past two years. Travis is, of course, the banner county, with 271 last year; the next seven are Bexar, 58; Harris, 41; Dallas, 41 ; Tarrant, 31; McLennan, 21 ; Hill, 21; Grayson, 20. Table V gives the number of non-resident students at Austin !by States: 32 in all in 1904·05, 3i in 1906-07. Tables VI-VII classify the students according to State of nativity. Table VIII tells how students were admitted. Table IX shows the church affiliations and preferences of the Austin students. In 1905-06 there were 362 Methodists, 213 Baptists, 186 Presbyterians, 145 Episcopalians, 110 Christians, 48 Roman Catholics, 37 Cumberland Presbyterians, 35 Jews, 21 Lutherans, 6 Congregationalists, 3 Christian .Scientists, 2 Unitarians, 2 Universalists, 1 German Evangelical, and 1 Spiritualist. 
Table X shows the occupations of the fathers of students. The three highest classes are, for last year, farmers, 247; merchants, 169; lawyers, 
135. 
Table XII shows the number of 'self-supporting students and holders of affiliated school scholarships. In 1905-06 over a third of the students at Austin contributed to their own support. Yet the University has been accused of being a rich man's ;ochool ! Tables XII-XIII show the appro­priations for the Medical Department for the past five years. 
Exhibit Eis a list of the Affiliated Schools. There are now 129. Exhibit F is a statement of ·appropriations needed for the Main Uni­versity for the next two years. Exhibit G concerns the Library. The number of books August 31, 1906, was, all told, 51,513; of pamphlets, about 19,000. 
"The book fund during the two years covered by this report has con­sisted of appropriations by the Board of Regents to the Library ($2500 a year) and to certain of the schools (varying amountsl,. the total being 
The Work of the Fall and Winter Terms. 
about $4300 a year. The fund for book-binding, library furniture, sup­plies, etc., has consisted of the student library fees-one dollar a year from each student in the Main University. It is creditable to the State that the University Library is the largest in the South, except two--,one in New Orleans and one in Louisville, and is growing at a fair rate; nevertheles•s it is still much smaller than the libraries of most univer­sities of similar educational standing and is growing more slowly than most of them." 
The work of cataloging is going on at the rate of about five thousand volumes a year. The use of books outside the library was last year 15,82~. The library training class continues to send out workers to other li­braries. 
"The publications of the University arc sufficiently valuable to attract to the Library a considerable number of publications of educational in­stitutions and learned societies :both from this country and from abroad. There are now on the exchange mailing list the names of ninety-four foreign institutions and societies and 172 domestic ones, each of which receives promptly all .or a part (usually, only a small part) of the cur­rent publications of this University. In most cases we receive more than we give." 
The crowding of the library room grows worse constantly, for each year 
there are more students and each year the reading-room space is diminished 
by the installation of •additional book-stacks. 
The exhibit concludes with a list of donors to the Library for the past 
two years. 
Exhibit H is the Auditor's rep.ort f.or the Main University for the past 
two years. Under the various heads to which appropriation~ were made 
every expenditure is set down. Plainly, the University wishes to give t.o 
the public an account of every cent committed to her charge. 
Exhibit I is a statement of appropriations needed for the Medical De· 
partment. 
Exhibit J is the Provost's report, giving an account of the expenses of 
the Medical Department corresponding to that of the Auditor for the 
Main University. 
Exhibit K is the Report of the Land Agent, R. E. L. Saner. It gives a minute account of his operations in selling and leasing lands. They have certainly :been most successful. During the last two years the total re­ceipts have been $177 ,245.58. For the whole period of eleven years be­f.ore the Regents were given charge of the lands the receipts were $84,­365.28, about four thousand dollars less than the receipts of the year 1905-06 alone. On the other hand, the cost of management amounted for the past two years to only $3477.54, about 2 per cent. This is surely a record of which Mr. Saner may be proud. As to the future, Mr. Saner believes that receipts from leases have nearly reached their limit. 
The University Record. 
Most notable among the changes of the year is the appointment of a new Board of Regents by Governor Campbell. For the first time perhaps since 
its organization a majority of the Board consists of 
new men. Of the old Board only Chairman Henderson
Changes. 
and Colonel Brackenridge were re-appointed. Messrs. 
Bryan, Gregory, Browning, Cain, Chapman, and Kle­berg were replaced by Messrs. Greenwood, Marx, Calvin, Presler, Finley, and McLaughlin. 
It is fortunate that the new Regents are men of conservative and sound judgment, and of no disposition to do anything revolutionary. It is easily conceivable, however, that the appointment of a wholly new board at one time might mean sudden and disastrous changea in the management of the institution, and it is therefore extremely .desirable that a constitutional amendment be adopted re-establishing the eight-year term, with quarterly renewal biennially, that was in force till upset by the Supreme Court a few years ago. 
In the teaching staff the year has seen fewer changes than usual. In Botany, Mr. H. H. York replaces Mr. Ferguson, who resigned to go into expert agricultural work. In Education, Professor Ellis returns after a year spent in studying the school systems of England, Germany, and France. Dr. Moses, who took Professor Eilis's place last year, is at Clark University engaged in psychological research. An additional professor in Education is Mr. J. L. Henderson,. the new Visitor of Schools, who gave in the Fall Term a course in Secondary Education. The School of English loses Dr. R. D. Miller, now at Syracuse University, arid Mr. H . W. Hill, on leave of absence at Chicago; ancl gains Dr. R. A. Law, Dr. L. W. Payne, Jr., Mr. B. F. Sisk, and Mr. C. W. Hill. In Geology, Mr. N. P. Pope fills a newly-created tutorship. In German, Mr. W. E. Metzenthin succeeds Mr. 
C. Akerman, who resigned to accept a fellowship at the University of Cali­fornia. In History, Mr. C. W. Ramsdell takes the place of Mr. E. C. Barker, on leave of absence at the University of Pennsylvania. In Math· e:matics, Miss Florence P. Lewis is again at her post as tutor after a year at Radcliffe. In Philosophy, Dr. Fite, now Professor in the University of Indiana, is succeeded by Dr. W. K. Wright. In Physics, Mr. Kuehne has leave of absence for the year, and Mr. P. H. Wynne takes his place. In Romance Languages we have a new instructor in the person of Dr. W. 
E. Gould. Biographies of all these new men will be found below. In January the School of Applied Mathematics, abolished some years ago, was revived by the Board of Regents. Associate Professor Benedict, ad­vanced to the grade of full professor, was made its head. Instructor Rice was also transferred to the revived school. 
The Work of the Fall and Winter Terms. 
NEW INSTRUCTORS. 
Joseph Lindsey Henderson was born in Monongalia county, West Vir­ginia, in 1869. After a preparatory course in the public schools and a 
brief  period  of  teaching,  he  entered  the  Preparatory  
Joseph Lindsey  Department or  West Virginia University in 1888, and  
Henderson.  ,  the college proper in 1890.  While in college Mr. Hen­ 
derson  won  honors in military, literary, and journal­ 

istic lines, including the Regents' Prize Essay and the editorship of the college journal. He is a member of the Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity. 
After receiving the Bachelor of Arts degree in 1894, Professor Hender­son removed to Texas and entered the profession of teaching in the public schools of Tyler. 
Beginning as a grade teacher in 1894, he rose rapidly in his profession,• being elected grammar-school principal in 1898, and superintendent of schools in 1899. In this P<?Sition, which he held until 1905, Professor Henderson became one of the leaders in the educati<mal work of the State. After this rather remarkable and successful service of eleven years in the schools of Texas, he r esigned to take up advanced work in Education at Chicago University and at Teachers' College, Columbia University, during 1905 and 1906. Mr. Henderson received the M. A. degree from Columbia in June, 1906, and was awarded a fellowship in Education for the year 1906-1907, but resigned this position to become Visitor of Schools and As· sociate Profe.ssor of Education in the University of Texas. 
Professor Henderson was married in 1895 to Miss Anna Katherine Dor· sey, of Morgantown, West Virginia. E. E. R. 
Leonidais Warren Payne, Jr., was born at Auburn, Alabama, on July 12, 
1873. He attended the local public schools, and in 1888 he was admitted 
to the .Alabama Polytechnic Institute in his native 
Leonidas warren town. He was graduated with the first honors of his 
Payne, Jr. course in 1892, and was at once appointed to a scholar· 
ship in English for the next year. In 1893 he re­
ceived the degree of M. S., and at the same time he was appointed secre­
tary to the president and assistant librarian in his alma mater. He 
serYed in this position two years. He was then elected to teach English 
and modern languages in the Southwest Alabama Agricultural School, 
Evergreen, Alabama, ;n which school he remained for six years. In 1901 
he became Professor of English in the State Normal School, Jacksonville, 
Alabama. He remained in this position only one year, having been ap­
pointed in 1902 to a •special fellowship in English in the University of 
Pennsylvania. At this university Dr. Payne studied English under Pro­
fessors Schelling, Easton, Penniman, Child, and Dr. Quinn. In 1903 
he was appointed Harrison Fellow in English, and in 1904 he re· 
ceived the degree of Ph. D. His dissertation is entitled The Hector of 

The University Record. 
Germany, by Wentworth Smith, being a reprint with introduction and notes of the quarto of 1615. This has recently been published in the 
Publications of the University of Pennsylvania, Series in Philology and Lit­erature. In 1904 Dr. Payne was called by the J . B. Lippincott Company to assist in the revision of vVorcester's Dictionary. He continued his work as associate editor of this book until Mar.ch, 1906. At this time he was appointed to fill an unexpired term as assistant professor of English in the Louisiana State University. He was permanently elected to this position in June of the same year, but he resigned to come to the Uni­versity of Texas. 
Dr. Payne has published a number of literary articles in the Sewanee Review. Among them are The Stories of .James Lane A.llen; Thackeray, A Review of Melville's Life of Thackeray; A Neglected Elizabethan Poet, Humphrey Gifford; and Sidney Lanier As a Lecturer. He has also con­tributed seV'eral pedagogical articles to school journals and reviews. 
In 1897. Dr. Payne was married to :Jfiss Mary Susan Bledsoe, of Lafay­ette, Alabama. They have two sons. R. A. L. 
Robert Adger Law, son of the Rev. Thos. H. Law, a Presbyterian clergy­man, was born in Spartanburg, South Carolina, on March 8, 1879. He ,attended the city schools of Snartanburg, and was Bobert Adger prepared for college at the Wofford Fitting School in La.w. his native town. In 1894 he entered Wofford College, 
and was graduated from there with the A. B. degree in 1898. For the next three years he .was teaching in public schools, first in Summerville, S. C., and then in Spartanburg. In the autumn of 1901 he went to Trinity College, Durham, N. C., to pursue graduate studies in English and German, and to serve at the same time as assistant in Eng­lish in that institution. From Trinity he received the degree of Master of Arts in 1902. The following September he entered the Graduate School of Harvard University for the further study of English. There he received the A. M. degree in 1903 and the Ph. D. in 1905. 
His dissertation is entitled, The True Chronicle History of King Leir and His Three Daughters. An excerpt from this thesis, On the Date of King Lear, was read before the Modern Language Association of America, at its annual meeting in 1905, and appeared in the Publications of the Association last June. Another excerpt was read "by title only" at the annual meeting in December, 1906. Upon receiving his doctorate Dr. Law was appointed Instructor in English in Harvard University, and served in that capacity for one year. Last June he resigned this position to come to the University of Texas. L. W. 'P., JR. 
The Work of the Fall and Winter Terrns. 
Dr. William E. Gould, called by the Regents in June of 1905 to the In­structorship in Spanish and French, is a native of New York, where he 
was born in 1858.  At the age of twenty-one  he grad­ 
Willia.m J:.  uated from Columbia University, New York  City,  re·  
Gould.  ceiving the degree of B. A., and shortly afterward went  
abroad  for  further  study, and later  to  the Island of  

Porto Rico, where he engaged in mercantile pursuits. After about two years he returned to the United States. 
During a period of about twelve years Dr. Gould was engaged in the banking and brokerage business on Wall Street, New York, but made meantime several trips to Europe, much time being given on these occa­sions to the study of the Romance Languages. In 1898 he went to Balti­more to take higher work in the Department of Romance Languages at the ,J.ohns Hopkins University. Here for two years Dr. Gould taught Spanish as student-assistant, and for three years he was a Fellow-by-Courtesy of the Romance Department. In 1903 Dr. Gould received the degree of Doctor <Of Philosophy, presenting as his dissertation, "The Subjunctive Mood in Don Quixote." Subsequently he was Professor of French at the College of Notre Dame of Maryland. 
Waldemar E. Metzenthin was born in Berlin, Germany, in 18i6. He at­
tended the Gymnasium at Berlin and Brandenburg for five years, where 
he learned thoroughly the German method of teaching. 
He completed his collegiate training in this country,

Waldemar J:. 
Metzenthin. 
taking his A. B. degree at Franklin and Marshall Col· 
lege in 1899. He was then engaged as Instructor in German at Mercersburg Academy for one year, and in the Steelton, Pa., High School for two years. In a year he went to Columbia University a-s graduate student of Germanics, remaining there during 1903-1904 and 1904-1905, and obtaining his M.A. in 1905. He was Instructor in German at the Sachs School in New York City from 1904 to 1906. While at college Mr. Metzentihin distinguished himself in music and in athletics. 
William Kelley Wright was born April 18, 1877, at Canton, Illinois. He attended the public schools of Canton though the first two years of the high school, and finished his preparatory work at Lake William Xelley Forest Academy, graduating there in 1895. He at-Wright. tended Amherst College during the year.g 1895 to 1897. and the University of Chicago during the years 1897 to 1899. He was graduated A. B. from the University of Chicago in 1899. The next five years he spent in the retail dry-goods business at the place of bis birth. In the spring of 1904 he returned to the Unh·ersity of Chi­cago for graduate work in Philosophy and Education. Here he resided 
20i The University R.ecord. 
continually through the next two regular sessions and three summer ses­sions, at the end of which time, in August, 1906, he received the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, magna c-uin laude. During the session of 1905-06 he was Fellow in Philosophy. His thesis, on "The Ethical Significance of Pleasure, Feeling, and Happiness, in Modern Non-Hedonistic Systems," will shortly appear in The University of Chicago Studies in Philosophy. During the summer of rno6 Dr. Wright was connected with the Summer School of Indiana University. He is a member of the Phi Gamma Delta fraternity. 
· Philip Henry Wynne was born in Elizabeth, N. J., ,January 17, 1868. 
His early training was secured in the public schools of Shelburne Falls, 
Mas·s., and the Arms Academy of the same place, from 
Philip Henry which he was graduated in 1882. The next two years 
Wynne. he devoted to a general study of art and allied sub­
jects in Boston. In 1884 he entered the Massachusetts 
Institute of Technology, wliere he remained for two years. The following 
year he spent in Chicago as iron-works chemist for the Union Steel Com­
pany. He was next connected with the Thompson-Houston Electric Com­
pany (later the General Electric Company) of Boston. Next he served as 
electrical engineer of the wire department of the city of Boston; and, still 
later, for several years, he was electrical engineer for the Boston Elevated 
Railway; after which he became designing engineer of the L. E. Knott 
Apparatus Company of Boston. Mr. Wynne has also been associated as 
consulting engineer with several important engineering enterprises, and 
for brief periods has been engaged in newspaper work. In 1899 he was 
married to Miss Agnes Whiting, of Springfield, Mass. 
Charles William Ramsdell, Instructor in History, was born near Salado, Bell county, Texas, April 12, 1877. He attended the public schools at Salado, and graduated at Thomas Arnold High School Charles William in 1898. After graduation he taught school for two B.amsdell. years. He entered the University of Texas in 1900. T·he four years' work he finished in three, graduating with the degree of B. A. in 1903. A year later he received the degree of 
M. A. During the session of 1903-1904 he held a fellowship in History. 
On leaving the University of Texas, Mr. Ramsdell received a University Fellowship in American History at Columbia University, New York. The next year he was advanced to the position of Teaching Assistant. Early in 1906 he was elected Instructor in History in the University of Texas, and he took up his duties here at the beginning of the present session. Mr. Ramsdell is at present working on a di·ssertation for the Ph. D., his subject being "Reconstruction in Texas." 
On August 26, 190!i, Mr. Ramsdell was married to Miss Susie Griffith, of Alvin, Texas, a graduate of the University of the class of 1904. 
The Work of the Fall and Winter Terms. 
Harlan Harvey York. who succeeds Mr. Ferguson as Instructor in Bot­any, i·s a native of Indiana. His collegiate work was done at De Pauw University, where he was graduated B. Sc. in 1903. Karlan :Harvey His graduate work has been done at the Ohio State York. University, from which institution he received the de­
gree of M. A., .and at Columbia University. He was appointed Fellow in Botany at Ohio State University in 1903 and assistant in 1904, and was Fellow in Botany at Columbia University during the session of l !W5-06. During the summer of 1906 he was Special Assistant in the National Museum, Washington, D. C., and, later, Associate in Bot­any at the Cold :Spring Ha1·bor Biological Laboratory Summer School, at Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island. In the fall of 1906 he was appointed Honorary Fellow in Columbia University and Special Assistant in Den­drology at the American Museum of National History, New York City. 
Mr. York has published the following articles: "The Development of the 
Embryo-sac and Embryo of Nelumbo," Ohio Xaturalist, 1904; "The . .\.gar­
Agar Method for Embedding .Plant Tissues," Journal of Applied Micro­
scopy, 1904; and "The Hihernacula of Ohio Water Plants," Ohio Natural­
ist, 1905. 
Clyde Walton Hill was born in 1883 at Austin. Texas. He received his early education in the public schools of hi;; native city, graduating from tbe Austin High School in 1901. Jn the autumn of Clyde Walton that year he entered the Uni\·ersity of Texas, where he Kill. studied four years. During the winter of 1905-1906 hc> was in charge of the English work in the high school at Cuero, Texas. In .June, 1906, l\Ir. Hill received the degree of 
B. A. from the University of Texas, and was elected at the same time to Phi Beta Kappa. )fr. Hill has c>'mtributed sf'vnal articles to thf' educ>a· tional journals of Texas. B. F . S. 
Benjamin Franklin Sisk was born in Illinois, August 5, 1865. After 
teaching two years in the rural schools of his nativ·e State, he entered the 
Valparaiso Normal School at Valparaiso. Indiana, 
Benjamin Franklin where in 1890 he received the B. S. degree, and in 
Sisk. 1892 the M. S. The following year ::\fr. Sisk came to 
Texas. His first eight years in this State were spent 
teaching in GrapeYine College and in high schools at Fort Worth and 
Denton. From Denton he was called in 1901 to the English Department 
of the Austin High School. Resigning this position in 1904, he entered 
the Univer3ity of Texas, taking his B. S. degree in 1905. He left imme­
diately for Colnmbia University, where in 1906 he took the M. A. degree, 
and at the same time the Bachelor's Diploma in English from the Teach­
ers' College. During his vacations he had meanwhile heen studying nt th~ 
University of Chicago. 
206 The University R.ecor~. 
Mr. Sisk is known in Texas not only as an active teacher, but as the author of t.wo text-books: Grammar As a Science (1903), which has been adopted by the State Board of Education for use in the public schools of Texas, and Foundations of 1ligher A.rithmetic (1906). C. W. H. 
Norman Percy Pope, who was called to the Unh·eraity last fall as Tutor· in G€ology, was born October 31, 1881, at Lacey, Arkansas. He secured his 
primary  and  high-school  training  at  the  )fonticello  
lll"orman Percy Grammar and Hiremon Uni¥ersity Training Schools of  
Pope.  Monticello, Ark.  His collegiate work  was  done at the·  
University  of  Arkansas,  from  which  he  received  the  

degree of B. S. in 1905. The summer of 1905 he spent on the United States Zoological Survey as assistant topographer and assistant geologist. During the winter of 1!}05-1906 Mr. Pope did work in general mining en­gineering in Arizona; and during the summer of 1906 he was assistant engineer of the Arkansas, Louisville, and Gulf Railway. He is a member of the Kappa Alpha fraternity. 
The new Tutor in History, Fred Walter Householder, was born at Jack-· son, Midland county, Tennessee, on April 7, 1884. His parents removed to Sherman, Texas, two years later. He attended the !'red Walter public schools but a short time, receiving the greater :Householder part of his instruction by way of preparation for the 
University from his father. In 1902 he entered the· University of Texas. He was Student Assistant in Hi·story in 1905-06, and was president of his class upon his graduation at the end of that year. He is now pursuing work for the Master's degree. 
Throughout his undergraduate course Mr. Householder was prominent in athletics and student affairs; he was full-back on the football t eam in 1904 and 1905 ; was assi>tant manager of the Cactus in 1905; and is at present manager of the Cactus. 
On June 8, 1906, Mr. Householder was married to ~fiss )Jyrtle Smith, of Austin, a me:mber of the Senior class of that year. 
The "Co-op" is now a corporation, having a charter and all the par­aphernalia of a full-fledged octopus. But in place of fleeing to New Jersey or South Dakota, it has incorporated under the laws The "Co-op." of Texas, and its charter contains the extraordinary provision that its accounts shall be public. Thi.> provi­sion means that a detailed statement showincr profits
0 
assets, liabilities, etc., must :be published each year. ' ' 
The Work of the Fall and Winter Terms. 
The sales this year are slightly in excess of last year and may run to $28,000. A selected list of periodicals have been placed on sale, the Co-op. stock now ranging from the code of Hammurabi (on special order) to last week's Puclc. 
The annual and detailed statement concerning the Co-op is printed in the Record that goe;; to press ahout An.zn~t. 
There has been considerable activity in University music circles this session. The organizations of oldest standing, the Band and the Glee 
Club, have been  more  than usually active.  The band  
Music in the  has been liberal with complimentary concerts, as usual,  
ll'niversity,  and has also favored the public with two 'l'ery fine  re­ 
cital.g at which  a nominal fee  was charged for running  

expenses. In all these concerts a higher standard than ever before was reached. Dr. Schoch has done wonders with the band, and too much credit can not :be given him by the student body and the general public. It is with deep regret to all that Dr. Schoch feels compelled to give up the di­rection of the band, for a master hand such as his is required, and few are to be found, especially when the work is voluntary and entirely with­out compensation. Let us hope that some other willing spirit will be found, or that some capable student will come to the front, or, better still, that the University will soon be sufficiently endowed by the Legislature to justify the Regents in putting music on a proper basis in the Univer­sity. 
The ever popular Glee Club (for everybody likes the college glees) was unusually ambitious and gave a concert the first term, one of the best ever given by that organization, in the opinion of the director. . ~Iuch better material is appearing every year, though there is still a scarcity of good tenors ; Texas does not seem to grow tenors, or University educa­tion does not attract them, or they 11ide their lights under bushels. The club took its annual trip in February, after a dress rehearsal on the eve of its departure to one of the finest audiences in its history; the program w.as good, :but not up to the ·standard set in the earlier concert; of course, there are many reasons for this. which the director will be glad to expound to as many as care to inquire. The trip was a pronounced success in every way, even financially, which is a decided victory. In May the club will attend the State Federation of Music Clubs in Fort Worth and will partici­pate in the program in the class of music which will be of most benefit to the members, the kind the originator had in mind when the club was first organized. A new musical man in University circles will be in charge of this music, Mr. Metzenthin, who helped materially in the direction of the club throughout the season. It is very desirable that ~fr. )fetzenthin keep the direction of the club, as he is every way qualified for the work. Dr. Penick is delighted to think that such a capable man can be secured to carry on the work which it has been his pleasure to start. and hopes 
208 The University Record. 
that his succeosor will receive that uniform courtesy and appreciation that has ever been accorded him by both the club members and the general public. 
The Mandolin Club did not materialize this year; another organization, however, came into e.·d~tence, or, rnther, was revived, an organization very much needed and popular from the beginning, the Girls' Choral Club. It met with a hearty respon.o;e from the young ladies, and the public was hearty in its welcome. The first appearance wa·s a pronounced success. Too much credit can not be given C\frs. Goff, the director, who, without pay, f.o1· the love of music, and its cultivation, agreed to undertake such a ·difficult task, one that can be appreciated by any one who knows condi­tions around a school of this kind. She proved herself most capable as a musician and as a director. The young ladies also should be accorded full credit, for they gave the concert, they supplied the necessary regular at­tendance, and did the actual singing. Much is expected of this new organ­ization this year and in years to come. 
The ladies furnished another kind of entertainment in the form of a Yiolin quartet with piano accompaniment, though not in a regular organ­ization. They de$erv<i a regular place in the musical list, for they proved themselves worthy in every way. What they accomplished was largely without direction, except a~ Dr. Schoch could steal a moment for them, but in spite of that fact, they furnished excellent music. 
Two other facts are worthy of note here: there is plenty of good ma­terial for a first-class orchestra in the l.:ni,·ersity every year, as Dr. Sclioch l1as conclusively proved this year, and such material deserves some con­sideration at the hands of the State, for the cultivation -0f the fine arts sltonlcl be encouraged along with more technical and more practical education. Again, the appearance of the two vocal organizations together on the 2d of March gave sufficient evidence of good and abundant material for a first-clas5 choral club. What could be more impro,·ing and uplifting, culturally speaking, than participating in such music, either as a singer or as a listener? All that is needed to bring out these abilities and de­velop them is money to pay somebody to do it. Such general music would he wonderfully helpful to a large number. even if we should deem it in­adv'isable to establish a rC'gular department of music or fine arts for a long time to come, if ever. 
Bec:ause of the little demand and the corresponding poor response on the part ·Of the ;;o-called music-loving public, there has been only one profes­sional attraction during the entire season, and that was brought by an out­sider; some of the University pC'ople ha\'e tried long and earnestly to supply the lack, but have not been encouraged by the student body or the public. The Matinee 'Music Club of the city has made the same effort re­peated!~-with failure fin:rncially. Professor Sievers tried this year, with little pay or thanks for hi<; trouble. We shall have to wait for something, either more people or more money or more musical edncation with a trained appreciation for first-class music. 
ThP attraction we had was Herr Karl Grienaner, cellist, with :>fme. 
The Wor'k of the Fall and lVinter Terms. 209­
Elizabeth Grienauer, soprano. Herr Grienauer was much enjoyed by the small audience, but many believe that he would succeed better if he gave the entire recital alone. All credit and appreciation is due Professor Siev­ers for his 1111sPlfish t>fforts in gi\'in~ thi.' attra<'tion to the public. 
D. A. P. 
Among the organizations of the Unin•rsity one of the most recent in formation is the Fortnightly Club, a society organized for "a discussion of 
recent  problems  in  the  field  of  philosophy,  philology,  
The rortnightly  and belles lettres."  The club is  an  informal organiza- 
Club.  tion, and an  unofficial one, though the members are all  
members  of  the  University.  A·s  a  consequence,  the  

limits of its membership and of its acti\jties have never been distinctly defined. During the first half-year of its existence it subsisted without a <'onstitution, and has only within the past \\'inter begun to acquire defi­nite form. 
The club first met at the University Club, on April 7, 1906, "it having been decided by certain of the younger men of the University of Texas that it would be desirable to meet for a discussion of"-the problems already indicated. The membership at this time consisted of Messrs. Battle, Fite, Villavaso, E. T. Miller, Rall, H. W. Hill, Akerman, and Routh. Professor · Battle was elected president, and Dr. Routh secretary. 
During the remainder of the spring session, the club, then known as the Thursday Club, met fortnightly, sometimes a~ the guest of indi\'idual members, at .other time.> at the University Club. The interest which these meetings stirred was usually keen; but the papers were all of tlie nature of reviews, and none of them attained, as some of the later papers have attained, to the dignity of original research. In the meetings of the spring the topics presentt!d were: Dr. Fite, A Review of Royce's "7'he· World and the Individual"; Mr. Akermau, A. Review of Sudennann's Sew Play, ·'Das Blumenboot"; Mr. E. T. Miller, A Sketch of Socialism; )fr. 
H. W. Hill, A. Review of Certain Articles by Reynolds on "The Staging of Shakespeare"; Dr. Routh, Recent Research on the Source of Hamlet: )Ir. Vil!avaso, Anatole France; Dr. Rall, A Review of Hall's Adolescence. 
The next meeting of the club was held on October 11th, and with the new session the organization took a new form .. The old officers were 1·e­1'lected, with the addition of Dr. Rall as treasurer. But there were changes in th<' membership and in the policy. The membership was enlarged, and a (:Onstitution was adopted. The first paragraph of the constitution gives the new purpose of the club re1d~ed to include papers of research as well as reviews. "The Fortnightly Club," it reads, "is designed for the ex­change of information and views concerning current resear~hes and event~ in philology, philosophy, political or economic ·science, and humane let­ters." The policy of changing the type of paper presented, while not ex­plicitly stated, was emphasized in the first paper, Extracts from the In-· troduction and Notes to Dr. Penick's "New Edition of Sallust's "Catiline,"· 
The University Record. 
presented by Dr. Penick. The change was a change of type rather than of absolute standard, the turning away from reviews written for the in· formation of the club to original work written for publication. During the subsequent months this change has become more pronounced. Of the eleven papers presented during these months, only three have been re· views. While the re\'iews hHP be~n of high value and interest to the club, the feeling is strong that thf' usefulness of the organization has been " ·id•med by the turning of its activity towards research. Of the eight papers of re·search presented, three have been parts of dissertations, pre· sf'nted b~' three recently •loctored philornphers. ,\nother was a paper which had been previously presented before the Modern Language Association of America. Another was a summary of work previously published as a chap­ter in a. collaborative book. In three papers, work destined for publica­tion was read in part, and criticism was solicited-and giv·en. Of these last papers, two by A1ljunet Profrssor Holton, were on a topic of special interest to Texans, the history of the Texas Indians. The first, a by­product of Professor Bolton's more exten~h·e work, was Th e Founding of Mission Rosario: a Chapter in the History of the Gulf Coast, a paper destined for publication in th,, Texa8 State Historical J.ssocia.tion Quar­terly. The s~cond of these papers, which was read by the author a few <!ays later at the meeting of the Texas State Historical Association, wa>1 a part of the same larger work. It was entitled The Hasinai Indians at the Coming of the Spaniards. The complete list of papers presented since October 1, 1906, is as follows: Dr. Penick, Extracts from the Introduc­tion and Notes to a New Edition of Sallust's "Catiline"; Dr. Gould, A Review of the Marquis of Falmar's Review of "The Canticles of King Alfonso, the TVise"; Professor Bolton, The Founding of !llission Rosario; a Chapter in the History of the Gulf Coast; Dr. Wright, The Ethical Sig­nificance of Pleasure and Pain '(part of a Chicago dissertation) ; Dr. Law, Yarrington's "'l'u:o J,am cntuble Tragedies" (part of a Han-ard ;]i~serta­tion) : ~Ir. Miller, The Inheritance Tax; Profe.,sor Battle, Recent Progress in Archa!-Ology in Ureece; Dr. La"". The Date of Ii.ing Lear (Publica·tions of the Modern J,anquagc .-ls8ociatio11, .June, l!lOfi); Dr. Routh, The So-Galled Christian Interpolations in the Beowulf (part of a Johns Hopkins Disserta­tion) ; Dr. Griffith, A Seventeenth Century Wordsworthian; Professor Bol­
ton, The Hasinai Indians at the Coming of the Spaniards ; Dr. Rall, Second­ary Education in Germany (published by collaboration in Russell's German Hiqher Schools) . On February 14th, at the bi-seasonal election, the ad­ministration of the club was put into new hands, Professor Bolton .being elected president, Dr. Griffith, secretary, and Dr. Law, treasurer. The present membership of the club is fifteen. 
The organization is satisfactorily carrying out at least one of its two original purposes. Any system of reviews must be incomplete and -some­what desultory. To present and discuss adequately even the few most im­portant events in so wide a field is impossible for such a club. And the rnlue of i5ohtted reviews to men not at work on the particular subjects involved, is doubtful. But" in carrying out the other purpose, the stimula­
The Work of the Fall and Winter Terms. 
tion and criticism of research done by its members, the club promises to be of definite and distinctive value. It is true that most of the research with which it has dealt so far has been work done for other purposes, a year or two before. Nevertheless the organization can not fail to be a stimulus to production, and has already proved itself a valuable organon of criticism. 
The future of the club is somewhat uncertain. In most universities in which interest in research is kept aflame, there exist philological, philo­sophical, historical, and economic associations of some ·&ort. Up to the present, the Fortnightly Club has not aspired to such dignity. It has been -composed wholly of young men, who, being inclined to experiment with tht1 organization for themselves, have not n.ttempted to make it a general uni­versity affair. The experimental Btage is now at an end, and the club is an assured success. The line of its future development is undetermined. So far, however, as it continues the attempt to supplement the profession of teaching hy a collateral interest in original research, it can not but be useful · and rnluahle. J. E. R., JR. 
The Summer Schools, ll'hich were phenomenally successful in 1905, were ~vPn more successful in l~JOG. In the Summer Normal there were 309 stu­
dents, and in the Summer School proper of the Univer- 
The summer  city of Texas no Jess than 328 students, making in all  
Schools of 1906.  (excluding  certain  students  who  worked  in  both  
schools) 580 students for the summer of 1906 as against  

444 for the summer of Hl05. Most of these students were mature, and as a body they displayed the same ·seriousness of purpose, the same earnest­ness and enthusiasm :rnd unflagging industry, that had distinguished the summer school students of former years. 
The Faculty of the Summer Schools was made up of twenty-nine mem­bers of the regular Faculty of the University and seventeen teachers of prominence drawn either from the teaching force of other schools in Texas or from training schools of distinction in other parts of the country. Among these from other schooh were Professors H. C. Pritchett, Princlpa! of the Sam Houston Normal Institute; P. W. Horn, Superintendent of the Houston Public Schools; A. N. ~IcCallum, Superintendent of the ~.\ustin Public Schools; John A. Lomax, of thP A;i-riculturnl and }fechanical Col­lege of Texas; F. A. Hiiu~lein, of the X or th Texas )formal Institute; Bruno Boezinger, of the San Antonio High School; and ::\Iiss Addie E. Bette~. of the Wisconsin State Normal School. :'.\frs. Lily 1'. Shawr, of the San ::\far­cos Normal, was Dean of Women. 
Courses were offered in Botany, Chemistry, Education, English, Geology, German, Greek. History, Latin, Mathematics, Physics, P-0litical Science, Spanish, and Law. There were 143 students who took courses in Education, 160 in English, 100 in History, and 103 in Mathematics. In the Depart­ment of La"-, in which summer-school courses were offered for the first time, there were 27 students. 
2l2 The University Record. 
There were the usual number of public lectures and round-table discus­sions. Public lectures were delivered by the following members of the Summer School Faculty: Superintendent Horn, on "St. Paul and the Modern Education"; Professor Callaway, on "The Book of Job"; Professor Keasbey, on "\\'ealth an<l Education"; Professor Benedict, on "An Astro­nomical Ramble"; and Professor Simonds, on "Volcanoes and Earthquakes." Round-table discussions were led by Superintendent Hartman, Mr. Fergu­son, Mr. Windsor, Miss Bettes, Superintendent Cousins, and Professor Sut­ton, their subjects being "Tiie County Supervision of Schools," "The Evolu­tion of Modern Botanical Teaching," "The Public School and the Public Library," "Some Pressing Problems in Elementary Education," "County Schools in Texas," and "The Teaching of English." 
Only 133 of the 309 Summer Normal students entered the contest for teachers' certificates, given at the end of the term. Most of the rest already held certificates, and pursued courses with a view to having these certifi­cates renewed; others attended the Normal merely for the purpose of im­provfog their scholarship. 
Hereafter all students in the Summer Normal will be required to elect· one of the following groups of studies: the first-grade group, the second­grade group, the perma-nent-primary group, the permanent group, the spe­cial group. They will be allowed to take only one subject (and that a professional subject) outside of the group that they elect; and in no event. will they be permitted to register for more than five subjects. 
The first general conference for education in Texas was held at the Uni­
versity on February 22 and 23. Not only all Texas educators, but all in­
terested laymen as well, had been invited to join irr 
The Educational the conference. The response to this invitation was 
Conference. both general and enthusiastic ; there were at least five-
hundred persons in attendance, and they came from alI walks of life. 
The purpose of the conference was to establish an educational association and to discuss the educational needs of Texas with a Yiew· to preparing plans for a campaign of education in every part of the State. Educa·tional information and campaign literature will be prepared and dis­tributed by the association, speakers will be provided to wage a campaign· for better educational facilities in strategical counties and districts, and other means will be take~ to bring our citizenship and officials to realize­the unhappy condition of our educational facilities. The need of some organized body of this nature has long been felt in Texas. The general education board, to which Mr. Rockefeller has recently given $32,000,000, nn<l the Southern Educational Board have done much to promote education in other States, but these boards have refused aid to Texas on the ground: that Texas is able to help herself and needs no charity. 
The Conference was called to order at 10 o'clock on the morning of Feb~ 
The Work of the Fall and Winier Terms. 
ruary 22, Hon. Cone Johnson in the chair. On ~ccount of the illness of Governor Campbell, who was to have opened the meeting, the address of welcome was delivered by the Secretary of State, Hon. L. T. Dashiell, who assured the body of the warm sympathy of the Governor and his official family. The response was delivered by Hon. Theodore Harris, of San An­tonio. Mr. Harris said in part: 
"That the people of Texas are remiss in their solemn duties to their chil­dren is evident when we reflect that during the school year ending in 1905 nearly 350,000 children were absent every day of the school term. · That is, just about one-half of our school population were in a-ttendance a little over one-half the time they should have been in school. As Superintendent Cousins tersely puts it: 'We are doing one-fourth as much school work in the education of the people a·s might be done.' 
"Nor is t his all. There are thirty-five States in the Union with a smaller 
percentage of illiteracy of native white men than Texas. And in no other 
s'tate can be found so niggardly a limit of free-school age as in Texas-ten 
yea,rs. 
"Again, while nearly one-half of our school population is absent every day 
of the scholastic year, thirty-five of the States have compulsory attendance 
laws. 
"While it is a matter of pride to every Texa,n that his State ha.> the 
largest public-school endowment of any State in the Union, yet in the 
amount of public-school fund received for State education we rank fifth; 
and in the amount received from local taxation we rank twenty-eighth." 
Owing to the illness of President Houston his paper, on "The ~eed of 
Conferences for Education in Texas," was read by Dr. W. J . Battle. It 
was in part as follows: 
"The historian of the near future will probably mark three divisions in 
the educational effort of Texas. First, the long period from 1836 to 1880, 
of storm and stress, of lofty ideals and of hope deferred, and of triumph 
of community interest over selfish individualism, resulting in a substantial 
landed educational foundation. Second, the period from 1880 to the present 
time, of construction, of partial reaJ.ization of ideals, in which was drawn 
in generous proportions the outline of a great educational system, embrac­
ing all grades and forms of instruction. Third, the period upon which we 
are now entering, in which there will be a filling in of the outline, or the 
erecting of a noble structure upon the foundation laid by our fathers. 
"SeYeral things of great importance were accomplished in the first two periods. It was settled beyond question that it is a paramount duty of a democratic State to educa;te its citizens at public expense, 'because, unless a people are educated and enlightened. it is idle to expect the continuance of civil liberty or the capacity for self-government'; because, as Mr. H. C. Adams has phrased it, democracy implies recognition of 'the . 
,olidarity of social interests and of the truth that the cultivation of the individual is of greater importance to society than to the individual himself.' It was set­tled that the system of education should embrace all grades and all forms, liberal and industrial, from the humblest rural ·school to a university of 
The University Record 
the first rank, free of tuition to rich and poor, and open on equal terms to 
girls and boys, a vast oompelling democratic and democratizing social insti­
tution, blending races and classes, and making for a unity of feeling and ·thought which is essential for an efficient body politic. 
"Difficult problems confront us, and hard battles are yet to be won. We 
live in more fortunate times, and we shall be unworthy of our inheritance 
if we falter and hesitate to make any necessary sacrifices. A clear appre­
hension of facts is a prerequisite for advancement. The first important 
task is to arouse the people to a greater seriousness in educational matters 
and to an appreciation of the waste arising from non-support. The average 
length of our school term does not yet exceed 102 days in the year; the aver­
age school house j.s uncomfortable, unatttractive and unequipped. More 
than 7000 of our schools are one-teacher schools. The teachers are badly 
paid, receiving on an average $230 per year, less than is paid many city 
pound keepers, carpenters or hod carriers, and they are, therefore, badly 
trained. Nearly 6000 of our white teachers hold second or third-grade 
certificates. In .our rural schools, each teacher is inatructing children of 
all ages from 7 to 17, and even in city schools, the sections range from 
thirty-five to sixty in number. Is it any wonder that superficiality is the 
characteristic of American education and that American children are at 
least two years behind the children of Germany? Is there any other busi­
ness of approximately equal importance, or of any importance whatever, 
which a community would allow to be conducted upon such a scale_. a scale 
which tends to comparative inefficiency and failure? 
"If experience teaches anything, it teaches that the ma.ior part of such additional revenues must come largely through local taxation. Of the iOOO school districts in Texas, no local school tax is levied in near!>· 5000. California, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, and Wisconsin, with a white population, except in two cases, less than that of Texa.s by from 200,000 to l.000.000, and with real wealth, except in .two cases, less than that of Texas hy sewra1 hundrecl millions, spend on public schools from $1,500,000 to $14,000,000 more than Texas, and in each case from more than 50 per cent to 85 per cent arises from local taxation. 
"Equally urgent is ·the task of modernizing the curricula of our public schools by the introduction of agriculture and other industrial subjects where conditions admit, and of establishing trade schools throughout the State. 
"The most important of all tasks is the creation of conditions "·hich will draw into the educational business as instructors and as city and county su­perv.isors not only ·scholarly men, but strong, virile, forceful men, of broad views and sympathies, in touch with real life and capable of holding their own with the best men in other professions, and with leaders in the in­dustrial world. First of all, we must make up our minds to offer larger salaries. The law of supply and demand operates in this field as in all others. Good wages will quickly attract good men, and good men will pro­duce more and better work. Furthermore, we mast protect and dignify 
The Work of the Pall and Winter T erms. 
teaching by demanding a higher degree of ·scholarship and of professional attainments of those who would enter it. The time has come to make teach­ing a profession a.nd education a business, and to cease to regard teachers as semi-charitable objects, and education as a charity." 
Af.ter a brief discussion of President Houston's address a preliminary or­ganization was effected by the election of the Hon. Clarence Ousley, of Fort \\"orth, as president. and Superintendent E. C. Ernns, of Abilene, as secre­tary. 
The afternoon session \~as called to order at 2: 30 by "Yir. Ousley. The 
first paper was a clear and logical presentation of "The Meaning of :Manual 
Training," by Superintendent P. W. Horn, of Houston. followed by a spir­
ited discussion partidipated in by Superintendent L. E. Wolfe, of San An­
tonio, and others. 
The second paper was by Dr. H. H. Harrington, president of the Agricul­
tural and Mechanical College, on "The Teaching of Agriculture in the Pub­
lic Schools." The speaker emphasized the need of such instruction, but also 
the difficulty of giving it without adequate preparation on the part of the 
teachers. The paper aroused considerable discussion. Among those who 
took part were .Judge V. W. Grubbs, who ha;; for years been an able and 
zealous advocate of such training, and Dr. A. C. Ellis, of the University 
of Texas. 
At a business se;;sion following this discus~ion a constitution was adopted 
making this conference for education in Texas a permanent imtitution 
whi<·h shall meet from year to year at \•m·ious places and organize a cam­
paign for better schools and progrc~s in education of all grades and kind;:. 
A nominating committee was appointed to present nominees for perma­
nent officers. 
A night session was held in the hall of representatives at the Capit ,]. 
The time was taken up with' speeches by Hon. Cone Johnson, of Tyler, and 
Mrs. P. V. Pennybacker, of Austin. :\fr. Johnson spoke on "E<lucation a• 
a l\fatter of State Pride." Mrs. Pennybacker had chosen for discussion 
"The Duties of the Citizens in the Promotion of Educational Progres,." 
Interesting discussions followed both speeches. 
The second day's session began with a paper by Superintendent R. B. 
Cousins, on "The Gap Between Elementary and Higher Education in 
Texas." A lively discussion followed, in which Superintendent Lefen e. 
of Victm·ia, ·and Professor Henderson, of the -University of Texas, partici­
pated. 
After the discussion Walter H. Page, of ~ew York, edit-or of World's 
Work, was introduced, and spoke briefly and encouragingly. He especially 
commended the greatness of the movement, the breadth of spirit and wide 
participation in the conference of others than professional school men. 
The speaker said that the fact •that editors, statesmen, lawyers, and others 
have become interested in the movement, was evidence of its great prOl-(­
ress and success. 
President H. C. Pritchett, of the Sam Houston Normal, then presented 
the need of financial support for the carrying on of the great campaign of 
216 The University Record. 
education in Texas through the conference organized at the present meet­
ing. He called for subscriptions to this end, and the audience responded 
liberally. It is the intention to appeal to the people of Texas through 
county superintendents, city superintendents, and the officers of the present 
conference for funds to do the work in Texas that Rockefeller's and others' 
millions are doing in the Old South through the general and Southern edu­
cation boards. 
The last address of the mornmg was by President Clarence Ousley, of Fort Worth, who spoke on "Education and Politics." He showed clearly and by concrete instances the evils of politics in the control of schools. He advocated the election of school trustees by the people rather than by councils or boards. The speaker further said: "I trust in the people even more than in my own judgment, but only when the people are fully in­formed on the questions passed upon. We must, therefore, spread among the people more information, more interest, more enthusiasm, in the work of education. The teachers of Texas have not been aggressive enough. If they were they would accomplish far more work than they do. We must have faith in our cause and courage to demand the things we think are nec­essary. I affirm positively that the people of Texas are ready for a great forward movement in education. Texas is ready for it, for all the other great problems have been largely solved. Ii I had a political ambition I would make education my platform. (Applause.) I say this to encourage any of you who wish to run for office. (Laughter.) If I had my way, and I represent thousands of othcPS in Texas, I would make education the chief concern of the State for the next ten years, and I would expend more money on it than on n,nything else." 
Judge Townes, of the University of Texas Law School, discussed Mr. Ousley's address, and said in part: "Politics in education may be beneficial or may be harmful. Politics of the bad sort is self-seeking in school mat­ters. Politics of the right sort is self-elimination for the good of the ·schools. Of the politics of the first sort we have too. much, and ought to have none in the schools; o'f the second sort we have too little, and ought to have far more." 
At the close of the literary session of the morning a permanent organiza­tion was effected, the following officers being elected: President, Hon. Clar· ence Ousley, of Fort Worth; vice-president, Dr. H. H. Harrington, president of the Agricultural and Mechanical College; recording secretary, Professor 
A. N. McCallum, superintendent of the Austin public schools; treasurer, Dr. E. P. Wilmot, of Austin. 
An executive committee was appointed by President Ousley as follows: Dr. D. F. Houston, University of Texas; State Superintendent R. B. Cous­ins; Superintendent J. S. Long, Dallas; President H. C. Pritchett, Sam Houston Normal; President Oscar H. Cooper, Simmons College, Abilene; Hon. Theodore Harris, San Antonio. 
The afternoon session was opened by an able paper on "County Super· vision of Public Schools in Texas," :by Dr. 0. H. Cooper, President of Sim­
The Work of the Fall and Winter Trrm s. 
rnons College, Abilene. This paper was discussed by County Superintendent Guenther, of Lavaca county, Ex-Superintendent Alex Hogg, of Fort Worth, and County Superintendent Carl Hartman, of TraYis county. 
On account of sickness, Senator Senter, who was to discuss the subject of "The Financial Support of °i'ublic Education," was unable to be present. In his stead, Senator Green discussed the question briefly. Senator Green said that the great problem was to get sufficient funds for all desirable causes. The solution, in the Senator's opinion, was a true rendering of property values on the part of all citizens, teachers, public men, farmers, and mer­chants. Further discussion was participated in by Superintendent S. :\I. X. Marrs, of Terrell; Representative Ballinger, member of the Thirtieth Legis­lature; and Pre3ident Calvin, of the Farmers' Union. 
After a brief business session, the conference adjourned. 
It is a hopeful sign for the future of education in Texas that the Faculb· of the University are taking an increasing interest in the welfare of the high schools. The University has long been more or 
'l'he'l'exas 
less extensively represented at the annual State Teach· 
Classical 
ers' Association meetings, professors and instructors
Association. 
have often appeared at Teachers' In;;titntes, and on 
other occasions made public addresses on school questions. the School of 
Pedagogy, now the Department of .Education, has been actiYe in encourag­
ing improvement of teaching in all grades, the Affiliated School Committee 
and ·the Visitor of Schools have done admirable work in raising the ednca· 
tional standard. More recently a new movement has been inaugurated by 
the teachers of classics, the ;;uccess' of which has already led to similar 
activity among the teachers of other subjects. This was the formation of 
an assoeiation to bring into closer relations the teachers of Latin and 
Greek over the State with a view to bettering their teaching, ad\•·ancing 
their sc·holar~hip and amusing publi<' intPrest in the stud~· of the d assics. 
A circular letter signed by a. number of the best known classical tea.chen 
\\'as sent out -in December, HlOii. <'ailing for a meeting at San Antonio. in 
connection with the State Teaclwrs' Association, on the morning of the 
28th of December, in tlw high school building. 
The ldter was cordially received, and some forty person.>; took part in 
the inauguration of "ThP Texas Classical Association." A preliminary con­
stitution was adopted providing for a president, a. vice-president, a secre­
tary-treasurer, and an executive committee. the permanent constitution 
lwin!! rpferred -to a special pommittN' to report at the next annnal rneetin.!!. 
Professor W. J . Battle, of the University, was elected pre.,ident; Profes•or 
E. W. Fay, of the University. vice-pr<>siclent; Professor F. R. Haruslein. of th!' Xorth Texas Xormal C'ollPg<'. s<>crPbllT·treasurer. TllP husinP"S of th<' mef'tin!! having been dispakhed, paper., were presented us follows: "Eng­]i,h Tan!!ht through Latin.'' Proft's"ll' HlH'uslPin : "How '\la~· th<> C'nl l<>"" Latin and Greek Instructors Lend A•sistanc·<· to th0 Hi,!!h -~chool T<>ac·h!'1's 
The University Record. 
of the Classics?" Professor J. B. Eskridge, of Texas Christian University; "New Light on the Classical Drama," Professor Fay. The number of members taking part in the discussion showed hearty in· terest in the subjects presented. 
The second meeting of the Association was held in Fort Worth, in con­junction with the State Teachers' Association, Thursday and Friday, De­cember 27 and 28, 1906. At the first s-ession, after the transaction of neces­sary business, the president delivered an address on "The Position of the Classics in the Educatien of the Twentieth Century." He traced first the history of the classics from the beginning in the education of Greece and Rome, through the Middle Ages to the Renaissance. In the Renaissance the minds of men being fastened on the ancient world, a new educatior arose that concerned itself chiefly with the languages and literature of Greece and Rome and that had as its first object the making of fluent and elegant speakers and writers of Latin, the international language. As time passed, the interest in antiquity faded -away and fluency in Latin ceased to be a practical necessity.-Yet the new education retained ifa hold for more than three centuries. It had no longer primarily a practical aim, but was held to be justified as 'discipline. In the nineteenth century many causes combined to overthro\\' the Renais5~nce education, and the old su­premacy of Latin and Greek was gone. The extent to which the classics were still studied was next considered. As to the future, the speaker be­lieved that the general recognition of the value of Latin would secure a place of honor for it. The number of students in Greek woufd be com­paratively small. How many there would be, would depend largely on the teachers of Latin. If they appreciated the value of Greek and would direct their brighter students to it, the lamp of Greek culture would continue to burn in schools as well as colleges. The position of both languages in the education of the future rested largely with their teachers. 'Vhere teachers possessed knowledge, enthusiasm, and teaching power, Latin and Greek would maintain themselves even against the allurements of manual train­ing and cookery. 
Two other papers were presented at this session, one by Professor W. B. Daniel. of Baylor University. "The Aeneas Legend before Vergil"; the other by Profffisor Eskridge, "Caecilius Statius." Both were well received. Refreshments were now brought in, and a conversazione followed that wn~ much enjoyed. 
At the Friday session tTie general topic was the study of Latin in the high school. The program in detail was as follows: 
"The University Requirements in Latin," Professor Fay. 
"Beginning Latin," Mr. T. B. Kendrick, Dallas High School. 
"\~'hat f>hall Be Read ?" Dr. S. J. Jones, Thomas Arnold High School. 
"Grammar Study," Miss Edith C. Symington, San Antonio High School. 
"Composition," Professor Haeuslein. 
"The Teaching of Vergil," :Miss Anna C. Fosgard, Waco High School. 
"What Is Our Aim in the Teaching of Latin?" Miss F. E. Ottley, Austin 
High School. 
The Work of the Fall and Winter T e·rms. 
All the papers were good, showing careful thought in their preparation. Better than that was their spirit of enthusiasm and hopefulness. If the schools all had teachers of La:tin like these, the language would have no lack of students, the University would make no complaint of poorly pre­pared freshmen. Miss Symington's treatment of grammar was surpris­ingly fresh and spirited. She maintained that grammar study was not only profitable, but ccmld be made highly interesting even to boys and girls. Given a teacher with as much determination and vigor as the paper showed its author to be, this i·s undoubtedly true. 
The Classical Association is a success. It will be more so. The great distances of Texas are a h"indrance to frequent or largely attended meet­ings, but through correspondence and printing much can still be accom­plished. 
The English Association was organized at Fort Worth last December dur­
ing the meeting of the State Teachers' Association. Professor Eagleton, 
of Austin College, was elected president, and Mr. L. 
The English H. Hubbard, of the Belton High School, secretary, and 
Conference-it was decided that the .first conference under the aus­
pices of this association should be held at the Univer­
sity of Texas during the month of February. 
This initial conference of the Association was held in room 74 of the 
Gniversity on February 23, 1907. The morning session was devoted to a 
discussion of English in the high schools; the afternoon session, to English 
in the colleges. 
The fir·st question di;;cussed was: "What Should Be the Aims of English 
Teaching?" Papers on this subject were read by Mr. Roy Bedichek, of San 
Angelo High School, and Miss Elizabeth Appleton, of San Antonio. These 
papers were discussed by Professor Callaway, of the University. 
Then followed papers by Mr. G. C. Embry, of the Agricultural and :\Ie­
chanical College, and Professor W. S. Sigler, of Fort Worth Polytechnic 
College, on the subject: "Do the High Schools Teach Too Much Formal 
Rh,,toric am] Enough Practical Composition Work?" Mr. Roy Bedichek, 
l\fr. L. H. Hubbard, Mr. R. W. Fowler, and Miss Viola Mizell took part 
in the informal discussion of these papers. 
The last subjects considered in the morning session were: "Do the High Schools Lay Too Much Stress on Histories of Literature as Such? Do They Have Enough Actual Reading, and Is It of the Right Sort?" Paper·s on these subjects were read by Miss Nina Hill, of the Austin High School, Professor J. E. Blair, of the San Marcos Normal, and Dr. R. H. Griffith, of the University of Texas. In the general discussion that followed, Mr.. Hubbard, Dr. Griffith, and Dr. Law took part. 
The afternoon session began with papers by Professor Bruce McCully, of Texas Christian University, and Dr. L. W. Payne, Jr., of the University of Texas, on the all-important subje<:t: "What the Colleges Expect of High School Graduates." Among those who discussed this subject were Professor Lefevre, Dr. Hargrove, and Dr. Law. 
The University Record. 
The next paper, read by Mr. A. B. Cox, of the Victoria High School, dealt with the question: "Do the Colleges Expect Too ;\foch of the High Schools?" Mr. B. E. Looney, of Corsicana, was expected to read a paper on this subject, but he was unable to be preaent. 
The last papers on the program had to do with t he subjects : "Should the Required English Courses in Our Colleges Be Better Correlated, and Be Made Less Formal?" These papers were presented by Dr. H. L. Har­grove, of Baylor University, and Dr. Killis Campbell, of the University of Texas. Professor Callaway discussed these subjects informally. 
The attendance at the conference was large; at least a hundred of the high-school and college teachers of English in Texas were present; and there was no Jack of enthusiasm. This is most gratifying, as the associa­tion of high-school and college teachers and the discuasion of subjects of common inteTest and importance must bring about more of harmony and of unity of aim in the teaching of English in our State,' and thus prove of the greatest benefit to both high-school and college students in general. 
The next meeting of the Association will be held at Houston during the Christmas holidays. Profess·or Hargrove, :Miss Appleton, and Mr. Hub­bard have been appointed a committee to prepare a progmm for this meet­
.ing. 
LIBRARY NOTES. 
The first aim of the card ('atalogue of the Unfrersit.'· Library is to furnish a list of and guide to the books of the library by author and subject; but it is also desirable that certain books of composite au­rhe Card .thorship, and books dealing with two or several more Catalogue. or less distinct subjects should be analyzed, that is, 
ha\;:e additional cards for each of the separate articles or chapters of the book. Often such an analytical canl will call the at­tention ·Of the student to a source that otherwise would have escaped him. In the making of our catalogue hut little time has so far been put into the making -0f such analytical ('ar<ls, owing to the greater need -0f cataloguing first the whole books as such. ­
Recently, howe,·er, printed catalogue c1tr<ls for all tlit> artides appearing in the Smithsonian Institut ion Reports. from 1886 to 1905, were purchased from the American Library Association and they are now alphabeted in the catalogue with the other cards. Ti1esc 1200 additional cards will add con­siderably to the convenience of the students whosp wol'k in the library lies within the range of subjects found in· the Smithsonian Reports. Similar sets -01 printed cards have been purchased for the various publications of the U. S. Ckological Survey (except the Annual Reports, for which cards are not now available) ; for the publications of the Texas Geological Survey ; and for the Old South Leaflets. Users of the U. S. Documents (and about half the schools in the Main University make more or less frequent use of them) will be glad to know that printed cards for the current mono­graphic and important publications among tlJPse documents are purchased 
The Work of the Fall and Winter Terms. 
from the Library of Congress and are incorporated into the card catalogue of this Library. 
A training class for the purpose of training library workers for Texa'i libraries was first conducted in the University Lib~ary in 1900-01; and it 
has  been  repe:ited annually  since  1903-04.  The  min­ 
Lib:ra.:ry  imum requirement for admission to this class  was,  in  
T:ra.ining  Cle.BS.  1903-04,  preparation  for  entrance  to  the  College  of  
Arts, but since that year it has been the completion of  

two years of college work. Applicants generally are advised to obtain a bachelor's degree before beginning library work, and they are also adviser] to go, if practic,1ble, to one of the well-established library schools of tlw North, in which a two-years course of study is offered with ample equip­ment and instructing force. Inasmuch as there are always about twice "' many applicants as ca.n be accepted, there is a naturally increasing tf'n­rlency to have the class made up chiefly of enly seniors and graduates. Th·· following is a list_of those who have been members of the class, arranl!Prl by years, together with the position held by those now in library work: 
1901-02. 
Austin, Bessie; Assistant, Rosenberg Library, Galveston. 
Campbell, Robert Lee. 
Edwards, Ag-nes ; Assistant Librarian, Carnegie Library, San Antonio. 
Hall, Nellie :Yfc.·\lpine (B. L., '95); Cataloguer, Univer3ity of Texas Li· brary. 
Ideson, .Julia (student, '00-'03) ; Librarian, Carnegie Library, Houston. 
Smith, Annie ; Tyler. 
1903-04. 
Davis, Willie (Student, '02-'04) ; Assistant, UniYersity of Texas Library. 
Royall, Rebecca; Librarian, Carnegie Library, Cleburne. 
Shelton, Ellie Farrar;, El Paso. 
1904-05. 
Brown, Elizabeth Denison (B. L., '05) ; San Antonio. Hibhs. Ethel Loui•e ( B. L, '05) : Assistant, Rosenberg Library, Galves­ton. Hill. Sarah Adalee (Student, '01-'0fi); Librarian, UniYersity of Texas Medical Department. Sammons, :Ylr3. Emily Givens _
: El Paso, 
l90fi-06. 
Hill, Annie Camphell (B. L., '00) ; Austin. 
Hatchett, Alma Proctor ( B. L.. '05) ; Lockhart. 
:Megee, :Mary Lena ( B. S., '05) ; Assistant, Catalogue Division, Library of Congress. 
Prather, Grace (B. L., '05); Waco. 
West, Elizabeth Howard (M. A., '01); Assistant, Manuscripts Division, Library of Congress. 
222 The University Record. 
1906-07. 
Devine, Kate Frances; Sari Antonio. 
Jackson, Bertha Leah; Corsicana. . Smith, ::lfartha Mae ( B. S., '06) ; Austin. 
Smith, :'.\Iartha ·Maud (::11. A., '01) ; Austin. 
In addition to these, several others, chiefly librarians or assistants, who found it impracticable to take the regular course, worked in the Library for a short time-from three weeks to three months-in order to prepare themseJv·es for their special work. 
The fund given annually by Mr. H. P. Hilliard, of St. Louis, for the purchase of books by Southern writers, has been allowed to accumulate 
till it sliould be sufficient to purchase a complete set of  
Hilliard  'l'l1e So11tliern Literary Jlessenger.  The set, consisting  
Fund.  of thirty-eight volumes bound in thirty, is  now on  thP  
shelves.  The  scarcity  of  sets of  the  Messenger,  both  

among the large librarie;; and on the book market; the unique position it held in the literary life of the South from 1834 to 1864; and the ever­present interest in the literature and affairs of the Old South, make this the most noteworthy addition to our resources that has been made for years. Xot only the School of English, though its work is most direotly affected. but the whole University as well, is grateful to Mr. Hilliard for placing this rare Southern magazine on our shelves. 
The principal recent gifL of books has been by Ex-Governor Sayers, of Austin. In February 11'~ presented the forty-two volumes of the Annals of Congress, a record of the debates and proceedings of the first eighteen Congresses ( 1789-1824), together with Gifts. important papers, documents and laws of this, the 
formative period in the history of our government. The set is a very important one in any large library; furthermore, these par­ticular i«olumes, though printed in 1834 to 1856; are in unusually good condition. ,Judge A. W. Terrell, of Austin, has presented two old and rare books: 
A. General Collection of Voyages, Vol. I, London, 1750; and Nathaniel Bacon's Discourse of the Laws and Government of England * * ·* Col­lected from Some Manuscript Notes of John Selden. 4th Ed., London. 1739. 
Mrs. Susan C. Hartley, of Galveston, has presented sixty copies of Hart­ley's Digest of the Lau;s of 'J'exas, a work of such importance that it is still referred to by the courts, though published in 1850. 
Honorable A. S. Burleson continues to be of great service to the Li­hrar:v in securing for it desirable government publications. To him, to ~enator Culberson, and to Honorable Morris Sheppard, our thanks aTe due for many such favors. 
The Work of the Fall and Winter Terms. 223 
The National Library of Chile has presented, in exchange for Univer· sity of Texas publications, thirteen volumes of "Documentos relativos a la Independencia de Chile." 
From Mrs. C. W. Wilkes, of C'hicago, have been received 108 volumes of books on engineering which were in the library of her late husband. 
Dr. F. E. Daniel, of Austin, has giv·en nine volumes of the Transactions of the Texas State :Medical Association, making -0ur set complete since 1884, except for the years 1888 and 1896. 
The Library binds the current numbers of the following newspapers: The Chicago Record-Herald and the New York Tim.es, presented by the University Club ; The London Mail; The Galveston Bound Neil's, pre;;ented by Mrs. John E. Thornton; and The Newspapers. Fort Worth Record, presented by the publishers. It 
costs about ten dollars a year to bind a modern daily newspaper,-which is onr reason that other newspapers coming to the Li· brary are not bound. 
The following are the more important purchases during the last few 
months, including works bought both by the library fund and by school 
funds : 
Recent A. eta Germanica. Berlin. 1890 to 1898. Volumes 1 

Purchases. to 5. 
The A m.erican Nat-ion, a History; edited hy A. B. 
Hart. New York. 1905 to 1906. 20 volumes. Athenaeuin. London. 1855 to 1885. 31 volumes. Blackwood's Edinb'lfrgh Magazine. Edinburgh. 1817 to 1905. 179 vol· 
umes. B1illetin Astronomique. Paris. 1884 to 1905. Volumes 1 to 22. Comptes Hendus. Paris. 1835 to 1899. V-0lumes 1 to 129. Goedeke, Geschichte der deutschen Dichtung. Dresden. 1884 to 1906. 
8 volumes. 
Gomperz, Theodor, Greek Thinkers. London. 1901 to 1905. 3 volumes. 
Great Britain, Special Reports on Educational Subjects. London. 1898 
to 1905. 14 volumes. 
Helps, Sir Arthur, Spanish Conquest in America. London. 1855 to 
1861. 4 volumes. 
Janssen, History of the German People. London. 1900 to 1906. 10 
volumes. Lippincott's Magazine. Philadelphia. 1868 to 1892. Volumes 1 to 50. Litterarhistorische Forschungen. Weimar. 1897 to 1905. Volumea 1 
to 33. 
Magazine of History. New York. 1904-05. Volumes 1-4. 
Mittheilungen aus der zoologischen Station zu Neapel. Leipzig. 1879 
to 1902. Volumes 1 to 15. 
Modern Engineering Practice. Chicago. 12 volumes. 
The University Record. 
National Reporter System. 	St. Paul. 266 volumes, completing the sys­
tem to date. 
Painter, Palace of Pleasure. London. 1890. 3 volumes. 
Palaes tra. Berlin. 1898 to 1906. Volumes 1 to 55. 
Penafie!, Antonio, U onuinentos del arte Mexicano antiquo. Berlin. 
volumes. Portfolio. l'hiloloyus. Gottingen. 1847 to l!J05. Volumes 1 to 64. Hevue archeologique. Paris. 1895 to 1899 (completing our set). Southern Literary Messenger. Richmond. 1834 to 1864. 38 volumes in 
30. 	(Purchased from the Hilliard fund.) Southey, Robert, History of Brazil. London. 1817 to 1819. 3 volumes. Thomson, The /.,and and the Book. New York. 1880. 3 volumes. 
U. S. Documents. Congressional set. 91 early volumes. 
Zeitschrift fiir padagoyische Psychologie. Berlin. 1899 to 1905. Vol­umes I to 7. 
:\T~lBEH OF \"OLlD!ES ADDED 	TO THE LIBRARY FOR THE FIVE YEARS ENDING MARCH 31, 1907. 
By By 13• Tota.! Total 
purchase. git'!. bindin(l. added. in library. 
1902-03 1059 299 2 1,360 37,384 
1903-04 1166 1544 596 3,106 40,490 
1904-05 1626 2100 517 4,399 44,889 
1905-06 1430 2868 605 4,903 49,792 
l!l06-07 254!) 1526 608 4,683 54,475 

Total in ?> ~rear..; .. 7830 s:i::l7 232b 18,451 
The Library will pay transportation charges on gifts. If you have any 
books, even old government docum<'nts (the older the better) , or the annua} 
reports or bulletins of State departments (Texas or 
Books any other States), or the publications of societies or 
Wanted. of institutions, or files of newspapers or periodicals, 
and think of placing them in a library for the use of 
future students and citizens of the State, write to the Library about 
them. 	P. L. W. 
"Westward Extension" ( 1841-1850) , by George Pierce Garrison, Ph. D., Professor of History in the University of Texas, is Volume XVII of "The Professor American Nation" series, edited by Professor Hart, of Garrison's Jfew Harvard, and published by the Harpera. To say that Book. it appears in good company, since the series is the 
work of the leading specialists of the country, is not enough. For the book shows, with a distinctness that will be claimed for only a part of its numerous companions, the marks of originality and of the special fitness of its auth-0r for the task assigned him. 
And this task wa~ no easy one. In 1841 the Western boundary of the United States was, roughly speaking, a line drawn irregularly from the 
The W orlc of the Fall and Winter Terms. 
month of the Sabine to the head of the Arkansas River, then<>e along the backbone of the Rocky Mountains to the southern border of British Amer· ica. Professor Garrison's chief problem was to analyze and explain the interaction of the very complex and often conflicting forces that in the short space of a decade carried this line to t he Pacific, moving it west­ward over thirteen hundred miles at its southern, and more than a third of that distance at the northern extremity. 
The forces preparing the way for this great result are discussed under the caption, "The Expansion Movement." According to the author, this mo\'ement, far from being explainable by a national desire for territorial aggrandizement, was clue fundamentally to the a<lventurom and aggressive character of the American people, their desire for cheap land, and their impatience at surviving forms of privilege in the Eastern States. The movement was led by the most self-reliant element of society, and before 1830 it was almost wholly Anglo-American, that is, confined to American­horn citizens of English descent. The significance of the latter fact is that, because of it, Western society and institutions became Anglo-Amer· ican in the purest form. 
In its effects this moveme:nt was at once democratic and nationalizing. On the one hand, frontier conditions tended to level all distinctions of rank or privilege; on the other, the We;;t became the binding force that held together the divergent North and South. Fundamental economic dif· ferences resulting in an unfortunate contrast as to slavery, supplemented by a tariff policy that fell heavily upon the South without corresponding benefits. had resulted before 1841 in dividing the North and the South into two antagonistic political groups; and it was the West, with its greater unity and stronger nationalistic sentiment. that kept the crisis of separation from coming sooner than it did. 
The fairness with which Professor Garrison Yiews thi.3 and other mat­ters that frequently are discussed with too much bias, is illustrated by the tone of the following sentences: "There can be no question of the hopeful honesty and sincerity with which the attempt (to secure harmony) was made on both sides. Never in the history of the world has the policy of mutual concession and compromise had a fairer and more patient trial than in the United States before the Civil War." 
Notwithstanding the strong nationalistic tendency of the West, because immigrants moved largely on parallels, and because of economic contrasts in the Mississippi valley, even the W·~st became sectionalized, though less completely so than the older States. In another way westward exten­sion was greatly afi'ected by the sectionalizing movement through the ef­fort to preserve, by the addition of· an equal number of non-slave-holding and slave-holding States, the political balance that had been hitherto maintained. To this was due much of the bitterness of the party con­teRts that attended the annexation of new territory. Finally the expan­sion movement met strong resistance from the powers whose interests were affected by the growth of the United States. 
The U n-iversity Record. 
The field for expansion was in the neighbor Republic of Texas, the north­ern provfoces of New Spain, or in Oregon, which was claimed by both the United States and Great Britain. 
The rnlume covers the whole ground of national history from 1831 to 1850, but the part of :his ground which is most distinctively Professor Garrison's. and to the literature of which his book makes the most valu­able contt:ibutions, is the Texas question in its various phases, a subject which occupies fully one-half of the 332 pages of text. With his discus· sion of the Texas rc,·olution he at once enters a field that has been much befogged by lH<'judiec and misinformation. Possessing a wide knowledge of the fact.'i. and adopting a straightforward way of calling things by their right 11a mes, he so effectively disposes of the "conspiracy" of the "slavocracy" tll<'ory of the colonization of Texas and the Texas revolution that hi;; Yie"·' are likely to find "·ide acceptance, eYen in quarters where different ,·iews may han'! been popular. After an adequate presentation of the facts, his conclusion 1n regard to the causation of the revolutilln 
is "tatP<l in th<"«~ words : "It was not 1lue to Sam Houston nor to An­drew J ackson nor to the slav-e-holders, but was in itself an 'irrepressible conflict' between two incompatible varieties of civilization, and its nature w.as in no way changed by its effect upon the larger conflict of a similar kind then going on in the United States. The contemporaneous docu· ments explain it well, and he who takes the trouble to read them will find no ror.m for the theory of a conspiracy." 
Kevertheless. the United State.o;, as a goY(~rnment as well as a people, early acquired .l. deep interest in Texas. By the purchase of Louisinna som<0 show of claim to it was 5ecured through France. This was given up by the treaty of 1819, a concession, our author notes, that was opposed most bitterly of all by John Quincy Adams-later, from honest motives, one of the strongest opponents of annexation. As soon as he became presi· dent he made energetic efforts to recover by negotiation all or part of what had been conceded. These efforts with Mexico were repea ted in 182i and 1829, but without avail, and by the time that the Texas revolu­tion was OYer. the slavery question had attained such prominence in the politics of the United States that it now became involved in every discus­sion of Texas. The first result of this was the rejection of the proffers of annexation at once made by independent Texas. 
Yet, after Texas had secured favwable standing with European coun­
tries, and when, in 1843, reports came that England was using her in­
fluence to abolish slav-ery in Texas, the administration at Washington sud­
denly offered to discuss annexation; and within six months a treaty had 
been signed by Tyler and was ready for ratification by the Senate. Until 
the last moment there had been every prospect of the treaty's ratifica­
tion; but while the negotiation.;; were going on, annexation had become 
a plank in the Democratic platform, a fact that so affected the vote in 
the Senate that annexation again failed, June 8, 1844. 
One of the most interesting chapters of the book is that which shows 
The Work of the Fall and Winter Terms. 
how the Texas question forced its way into the campaign of 1844. In the author's words, "To the trimmers it proved a most distressful and dis­astrous season," and before it was over not only Van Buren but Clay also "foundered on the rock of Texas." The popular vote in this election, the author believes, can not be interpreted other than as an approval of the policy of annexation. 
The present reviewer is inclined to believe that the full explanation of Clay's defeat in New York has not yet been given. Dr. Garrison says, with his predecessors in the field, that it was due to the defection of the Abolitionists. An investigation made by the reviewer some years ago, but never published, shows that t11e Abolition YOtP in that State was heaYier in the Democratic than in the Whig section, a fact which greatly weakens the traditional assumption, as voiced by Schouler, for example, that the Whigs were the chief losers to the Abolitionists. 
The adverse vote of the Senate had been only a temporary defeat of annexation. Feeling in favor of the policy was high in the Scuth; the Democratic party was now definitely committed to it; and President Tyler was an energetic leader. It may be noted. indeed, that, in Dr. Garrison's pages, Tyler is transformed from the vain, headstrong, and quarrelsome, but withal unforceful personality, that he somtimes appears, into an honest, courageous, and determined man of no mean capacity. The result of these conditions was that, when the next Congres.> met, the question immediately came up again, and annexation was soon provided for, not by treaty. the plan which had failed, but by the novel method of a joint resolution by Congress. Professor Garrison shows that for Texas the re­jection of the treaty in 1844 had been a fortunate event, since it pro­Yided for admission under ·several disadvantageous conditions that were not contained in the joint resolution. "The State government of Texas was formally installed February l!l, 1846. The expansion impulse had finally overcome the friction due to slavery, and the Constitution which Texas submitted for the approval of Congress simply followed that already existing in the republic in recognizing the institution." 
Perhaps the greatest service of all to historical truth performed by the book is found in the chapter on the causes of the Mexican War, and its merits are due in no small part to Professor Garrison's use in its prepara­tion of Polk's hitherto little studied Diary. Few, perhaps, will deny that the chapter is the most ·satisfactory presentation of the subject yet given. His view, in summary, is that friction between the two countries, due mainly to claims of American citizens against the Mexican government, had existed since 1821, aniiln 1837 had almost produced war. After the revolution Mexico never gave up her ill-supported claim to Texas, but threatened that annexation would be treated as a casus belli. As soon as the act of annexation was known, she made good her threat by severing diplomatic relations with the United States, and by preparing for re­sistance to the occupation of Texas. General Taylor was now sent across the Nueces to protect Texas against invasion. Later, when renewed offers to negotiate seemed hopeless, he was· ordered to the Rio Grande, which 
The University Record. 
Polk believed was the boundary of Texas. Hereupon Taylor was attacked by the Mexican forces, and Polk was not lying when he gaV'e for the subse­quent declaration of war the reason that Mexico had "shed American blood upon the American soil." 
Polk's honest view of the matter, the author believes, was that the theory of "reannexation" of Texas "as surrendered to Spain," involved, as a corollary, the Rio Grande as a boundary. Regarding Polk's actions Dr. Garrison concludes, "there can be no doubt of his sincere faith in the righteousness of his own purposes and of the means he used to attain them. The stern integrity and strength of his character, as reflected in the pages of his diary, take away al! force and point from the epigram­matic characterization by Stephens­
"Polk, the mendacious-caught up and made prominent by Von Holst." 
To go further into the detail~ of the book, spaee will not permit. In addition to the topics mentioned above, it deals, in an order essentially chronological, with the quarrel between Tyler and the Whigs, the adjust­ment of the Maine boundary controversy, the acquisition of Oregon, the economic and financial legislation of the administration of Tyler and Polk, the war with ~Iexico and the consequent acquisition of California and other territory, the Wilmot Proviso, the election of 1848, Isthmian diplo­macy, and the complex slavery issue in the new territories and elsewhere, out of which came the compromise of 1850. 
With a chapter on the last topic the book closes. It is of interest to note that, among the many features of the compromise, one provided for a diminution of the territory claimed by Texas in 1836, leaving Santa Fe in New Mexico. The author is disposed to think that peaceful and suc­cessful secession in 1850 would have been entirely possible, but that the compromise "both saved the bond and lighted the fire the heat of which \ms to weld the Union." 
Withal, the book is distinctly good. Probably not all of its conclu­sions-so far from the conventional are many of them-will be every­where accepted, and errors of detail may be found. On some of the many points discus~ed it is ineYitably true that the testimony is not yet all in.. The book displays some of the faults of organization unavoidable in a rnlume which is part of a co-operative series, edited by one man but written by many. But it bears evidence of a scholarly reliance, in the main, on first-hand sources cif information, and of historical insight and independent judgment in ·their interpretation, together with a courageous readiness as well as ample Hterary skill to set forth clearly the meaning of the facts, which, in a number of instances, is a new meaning. If from this review the impression arises that the book is too largely polemical or deals too much with matters of ethics and too little with historical fact, or that there is undue emphasis on questions relating to Texas, the fault should be charged to the reviewer's selection. A reading of the book will probably dispel any such impressions. 
The application, in the present in~tance, of the adage that "a prophet 
The Work of the Fall and Winter Terms. 
is not without honor save in his own country," would by no means be warr~nted. But it will be a source of gratification to all of Dr. Garrison's friends, certainly, and may help some of them to a fuller appreciation of the success of hi.s latest historical production, to note that it has al­ready received highly complimentary notice abroad. The reviewer for the New York Sun, who finds fault in plain terms with the plan of the "Amer­ican Nation" as a whole, says, "An cxrellent instance of indiviauality that the requirement5 of a serk; could not stifle will he found in V-01. XVII, 'Westward Extension.' The title disguisPs the period from the beginning of Tyler's administration to the end of Polk's. It includes the struggle for the possession of Texas, the war with :.Iexi'co. the settlement of the Maine and Oregon boundaries; these the author tells with admirable clear­ness and force. He does justice at last to Tyler and Polk, and discusses the political questions with fairness. It is the most promising piece of work we have seen from the new American historians and we hope to hear more of Professor Garrison in the future." 
Such a work at the hands of a Texa;; scholar, "·ho is a teacher of Texas youth, is of untold value to the State aad to the Southwest. Indeed, in this instance it is a matter of great importance to the nation at large. rt is worth many times what it has cost the State in dollars and cents to provide the author with means to pursue his "·ork. l\foreov·er, it is but an illustration of the many v~Juable services the various agencies of a State university, properly supported, and affording its men the equipment and time necessary to d-0 effectinly such tasks of investigation, might perform for the people of the State. H. E. B. 
Among the recent works appearing in The Publications of the Un ii:e1·­sity of Pennsylvania is an edition of \V. Smith's drama, "The Hector of Dr. Payne's Germani(', or the PalsgraYe Prime Elector," by Dr. L. Edition ofThe W. Payne, Jr., of the University of Texas. Dr. Payne's Hector of book renders accessible to students a hitherto unedited 
Germanie. 
play of the Elizabethan times, and furnishes in the introduction a study of its sources and analogues, and especially a discus­sion of the knotty and perhaps insoluble problems of authorship that haYe grown up from the confusion of the names and work of sev·eral writers. Until, recently, historians of the drama have usually assigned "the Hector of Germanie" to William Smith. Now many of the greater authorities are inclined to consider the work that of Wentworth Smith, the only Eliza­bethan dramatist with the name Smith for whose work there is any con­temporary evidence. Dr. Payne adds to the strength of Wentworth Smith's claim. He shows that the signature, "'V. Smyth," printed at the end of "The Hector of Germanie," is the same as the signature of Wentworth Smith; that all evidence of a William Rmith who was a dramatist is based on the statements of historians -0f the drama who flourished half a century or more after the play was written and who are inexact; and that the style of the anonymous play, "Nobody and Somebody," which has been 
230 The University Record. 
conjectured to be the joint work of Heywood and Wentworth Smith, shows some kinship to the style of "The Hector of Germanie." The eviden~e in favor of Wentworth Smith's authorship is not conclusive, and much might be said on the other side, but Dr. Payne has presented and strengthened the theory t)1at is most plausible. On this conclusion as to the author­ship of "The Hector of Germanie," is based the discussion of the work of Wentworth Smith. The most interesting literary problem of the thesis is the question of Wenhrnrth Smith's connection with the plays published under the initials, "W. S.," and often claimed as the work of Shakespeare. Dr. Payne argues that there is no internal evidence that any of these plays was by the author of "The Hector of Germanie." In fact, of the many plays connected with W., or Wentworth, Smith's name, only "The Hector of Germanie" and possibly a part of "Nobody and Somebody" seem to be extant. Consequently, "The Hector of Germanie" becomes more important as the probability is strengthened that it is the single extant work of an active playwright of Shakespeare's time. More valuable even than the investigation of these questions of literary history is the reprint of the old play. This is an exact reproduction of the text of the play except that there is no indication of the original pagination, and the play has been di­vided into acts and scenes. As far as one can judge without comparing it with the original, the reprint has been made with much care. This work has been well worth doing, for, although the play has little value as a piece of literature, it is important in estimating the many-sidedness of the Elizabethan drama. It is one of the few representatives of the occa­sional or journalistic play. But more, it represents, as perhaps few other plays do, in the treatment of love and war and in the choice of heroes, the dramatic taste and the political sympathies of the common folk. 
C.R. B. 
Of Professor Shurter's new book, "Masterpieces of Modern Oratory," the publishers (Ginn & Co.) make the following announcement: 
Professor "This volume contains fifteen orations, which are in­
Shurter's tended to furnish models for students of oratory, argu­
Ma.sterpieces of mentation, and debate. The orators represented are 
Modern Oratory. Burke, Webster, Lincoln, Phillips, Curtis, Grady, Wat­terson, Daniel, Parter, Reed, Beveridge, ,Cochran, Schurz, Spalding, and Van Dyke. The orations are edited with introductions and notes, and, for 
the most part, are given without abridgment. In making the selection the aim has been to include only crations that (1) deal with subjects of either contemporary or historical interest, (2) were delivered by men eminent as orators, and ( 3) are of inherent literary value. Measured by these tests, it is believed .that the orations selected are fairly representative of the hest in modern oratory. A further aim has been to secure such variety in the selections as to cover in a single volume the fields of deliberate, forensic, pulpit, and demonstrative oratory, and so to meet the needs of classes both in argumentation and oratorical composition. 
The Work of the Fall and Winter Terms. 
"The y-0ung men in our schools and colleges, who in a small or large way are bound to be called upon to speak in public, should be taught how to compose for a hearer as distinguished from a reader,-how to construct an oration as distinguished from an essay. To this end, oratorical models should be critically studied, in order that the student may learn and ap­preciate how masters have wielded the language for the purposes of con­<iction and persuasion. 
"While thE• book is intended primarily for students in the schools :ind colleges, it will be found interesting and helpful to the general reader,­the lawyer, preacher, c:itizen.-in sliort. to nnY one interested in the science HHd art of public speaking." . 
THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. 
Education was organizetl as a school in the "Cni1·ersity of Texas in 1891, 
Dr. Joseph Baldwin being elected Professor of Pedagogy. In, 1896 the 
work in that school wns suspended. The year following, the school was 
reestablished, Dr. Baldwin being made Professor Emeritus of Pedagogy, 
and W. S. Sutton and A. Casw~ll Ellis elected, respectively, professor and 
adjunct professor. In 1905, by vote of che Board of Regents, the school 
was expanded into a department. 
Regulations concerning the Department of Education provide that stu­dents having the rank of Junior, or higher, and that students who are over twenty-one years of age and who obtain permission from the Dean of the College of Arts and the Head Professor of Education, may elect courses in education. The regulatior.s, furthermore, provide that students who are undH twenty-one years of age and who wish to obtain teachers' certificates in order to acquire means with which they may later defray expenses inci­dent to the completion of their uiliversity education, will be allowed, upon the a:pproval of the Dean of the College of Arts and the Head Professor of Education, to prosecute coun,es in the Department of Education. Special students who are over twenty-one years of age and who are applicants for teachers' certificates, as well as students who are pursuing courses in the Department of Education only, are registered exclusively in that department. Students who have completed ten courses in the College of Arts and who pursue courses in the Department of Education and, at the same time, in the College of Arts, are registered in both the Department of Education and the College. 
Students desiring to obtain the B. A. degree may count three courses in Education to satisfy the requirements of that degree. 
A two-year teacher's certificate will be granted to the student who com­pletes four courses in the College of Arts and one course in the Department of Education; a four-year cutificate will be granted upon the completion of ten courses in the College of Arts and two in the Department of Educa­
The University Record. 
tion; a life certificate will be grantt>d upon the completion of seventeen com·ses in the College of Arts and four in the Department of Education. The applicant for a life certificate is required to complete three courses in each subject he is preparing to teach. 
During the first year in which Education was taught in the Unh,.ersity, Dr. Baldwin, who had been a very successful normal school principal in Indiana, ~iissouri, and Texas, conducted three courses in Education, one for .Junior students, a second for Seniors, and a third for graduates. The course for .Juniors embraced school management. applied psychology, and the, art of teaching; the Senior course embraced the history of education, the science of education, and the art of teaching; and the graduate course consisted of seminary work. During the current session there ha,·e been offered courses in school wanagement, the method and principles of teach­in>?, the psychology of education, the psychology of development, abnormal psychology, the history of education, the philo.,ophy of education, second­ary f'<lncation, school supen-ision, a seminary in education, and .teachers' eourses in Latin, mathematics, botany, and manual training. The Educa­tional Faculty at present consists of one full professor, two associate pro­fessors, one of whom acts a·s Visitor of Schools, one instructor, and one stu­dent assistant. 
During the session of 1897-8, 91 students were registered in Education courses. During the session of 1906-7 the number had grown to 249. 
The demand for University-tra.ined teachers to fill the positions of ·school superintendents, school principals, high-school teachers, and grade teachers, increases from year to year. During the spring and summer of 1906 more than eighty University students secured positions through the aid of the Committee on Recommending Teachers. Many other positions could have been filled by the committee had not its list of candidates been exhausted. 
The one comprehensive purpose of the Department of Education is to give emphasis to the conscious and voluntary element in the process of human evolution. It deserves liberal encouragement, not by encouraging the idol­atrous "·orship of pedagogy, not by increasing professional Phariseeism among teachers, and not by building up an organization conspicuous on ac­count of merely external preparations ; but, on the contrary, its succesa is established by demonstrating clearly it8 consecration to the twin causes of genuine learning-and sane teaching, by building on the wisdom of the past and conserving that of the present, by extending modestly, but surely, the ·confines ?f the knowledge of education, and, finally, by rendering reason­able sernce in the development of the State's entire "school system. 
THE DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING. 
Decided progress has been made within the last few months in regard to a systematic coordination of the work for the Engineers. Three distinct and decided reforms in the interest of organization and centralization have been adopted by the authorities. 
The Work of the Fall and Winter T erms. 
The first of these was the creation of the School of Applied Mathematics, the burden of whose work will be to teach the necessary mathematics for the Engineers. Dr. H . Y. Benedict ha~ been placed in charge of this school, with the title of full pro­fessor. He will have complete charge of the work, and will direct it pri· marily for Engineers. As fiis efficient co-worker he will have :\fr. C. D. Rice, and these two will be in close touch with the requirements of the Engineering courses. It is well to remark that Dr. Benedict entered the University as a Fre;;hrnan during Professor Taylor's first year in the En­gineering Department. 
The second change agreed upon and incorporated in the regulations of the University is thP adoption of a special course in Physics for the En­gineers. It is understood that this is in line with the policy of other in­stitutions of high grade. This work will be in charge of a separate in­structor who will largely direct it and be responsible for its efficiency. This course, like that of ::\fathematics, will have a vital union with the Engineering subjects, for which Physics is the foundation work or the mud-sill. 
The third reform was adopted by the School of Geology. Hereafter there will be a special section in Geology for Engineers, and the lecture 1rnrk will be replaced by some reliable text-book like Le Conte's. which will be nsecl in the Fall and Spring terms. 11·J-.i!e mimeogrnplwcl or printed notes on Lithology will .be used in the \Vinter term. The Engineers hail this change with grateful feelings to Dr. Simonds for his con<:e.'ision. 
A fourth change, which does not reach the dignity of being organic. hut is none the less significant, is what we shall (for want of a better term) call the "note-book" change. In Electrical Engineering laboratory courses have been increased to double their former value in order to gi,·e ho~'S credit for the actual work performed. The reports will constitute a de­cided factor in the subject, and as much time is allo\Yed for this as is taken up in the laboratory itself. A two-thirds laboratory course will eonsist of three actual hours in the laboratory and three hours allowance for the report on this laborntory "·ork. Jn Cil-il Enginee1·ing, thP note-lwok in­spection begins with the Freshmen, where all Field Boob are inspeetec\ and rigidly graded by Professor Bantel. In the Sophomore year tlw notP-hook inspection is continuecl, and includes not only the trnnsit hook, but also the class··prohlem book, and nratness and accuracy are tin> fundamental re· quirements that are nec(•ssary to obtain credit for the course. In the Junior and Senior years, where the laboratory work for thf' Civils becomes more pronounced, the note-hook and the laboratory report of the sollltion of problems are now obligatory. A rigid inspection is rnaclc of all Sllch reports, and no student, no matter what his class grade;.. is gh·en credit for a course unless these reports haYe been finished and exf>rntcd with 1wat­ncss and accuracy. 
The total enrollment in Engineering for the session of I !106-07 is 29i -·only three short of the 300 mark, and it is probable tha.t hcforc tl1f' clos<' of the se"ion (:nollgh former Enginerrs who han' been t<'aehi ng dllring the 
234: The University Record. 
winter will drop in to swell the number to the 300 mark. The Engineering building is practically only two years old, and it is now filled almost to overflowing. Next year the first regular class in Electrical Engineering will graduate. A few men ha ve graduated in past years in Electrical En­gineering, but these have been for the most part Academic students that had finished up the prescribed academic subjects, and had only to complete the technical Engineering subject. T. U. T. 
MATTERtS OF PUBLIC INTEREST FRO?lf THE MINUTES OF THE 
FACULTY. 

OCTOBER 6.-It was ordered that our Senators and Representatives in Congress be requested to use their influence to secure the removal of the ·duty now in force on works of art. DECEMBER 11.-It was ordered that a map of the University grounds and environs be inserted in the Catalogue. 
"It was ordered that provision be made for the preparation of a card 
record of the Alumni of the University of Texas; that this record be kept 
in the Registrar's office; that the record shall begin with the first year 
of the University of Texas, and that each card be annually revised to the 
extent that the record of each alumnus shall be always available in the 
Registrar's office, and tha.t said record shall be yearly up to date; and that 
provision be made to publish the re~ised list from time to time." 
JANUARY 8, 1907.-"It was ordered that every student be required to 
register at the opening of .the Winter and Spring terms, a fine of $3 being 
imposed on those registering after the first day of either term, the Board 
of Regents approving." 
The following recommendations made by a special committee on the 
regulations governing the application of schools were ad.opted: 
"l. That History be credited with two instead of with one and one-half 
units; and that the total number of units required for admission be raised 
to thirteen, if Latin be included, and fourteen if Latin be not included. 
"2. That affiliated schools be divided into three classes: (1) Schools 
affiliated in thirteen units, including Latin, or fourteen units if Latin be 
not included; ( 2) schools affiliated in eleven units; ( 3) schools affiliated 
in eight units. 
"3. That students from schools of the second class must present eleven 
entrance units, or lose the advantage of the affiliation. 
"4. That the application of each school now in the third class shall 
extend through the ·session of 1908-9 and cease, unless in the meantime, 
or during the session of 1909-10, it secures affiliation in three additional 
units; and that the affiliation of each school admitted into the third class 
during the session of 1907-8, continue through the session of 1909-10 and 
The Work of the Fall and Winter Terms. ~35 
cease, unless before the d ose of the session of 1910·11 the school secures affiliation in three additional units. "5. That schools exceptionally strong in History may, at the discretion of the Visitor of Schools, be affiliated in three entrance units in History. 
"If the plan of dividing schools into three classes be adopted, of the 129 schools now affiliated, 38 will fall in the first class, 58 in the second, and 33 in the third." 
FEBRUARY 5.-The following recommendations of a special committee on courses were adopted: " l. Seniors taking a course open to Freshmen will receiYe credit for one·third less than the Catalogue rnlue of the course. "2. :l\o more than five courses in ,rny subject may be presented for the ll. A. degree. "3. Two numbered courses in a foreign language must be presented for the 
B. A. degree. 
.. 4. ~o new cou r;;es shall be announced or changes be made in courses announced without the approval of the President and the Dean of the College. 
"5. The following professional courses may be presented among the four accepted for the B. A. degree: (a) CiYil Engineering 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 12, 15, 16, 19; Electrical Engineering 1, ., 3, 4, 12; Drawing 1, 2. (b) Law topics, except Junior Pleading and Practice, :\Iiddle Criminal Pro· cedure, Advanced Pleading and Practice, Senior Practice Court " ·ork, Equity, and Equity Pleading and Practice. (c) Any three courses in Edu­cation, except teachers' courses." 
John W. Brady, J. H. Hart, and T. " ·· Gregory were appointed ..\lumni members of the Athletic Council. 
TRANSACTIONS OF THE BOARD OF REGE::\TS. 
OCTOBER 16, 1906.-Notice was given by the President of the resignations of Dr.. Raymond D. :\Ii lier, Instructor in English; :\Ir. Clement Akerman, Instructor in German; Dr. Warner Fite, Instrudor in Philosophy ; and Miss Bertha Moore, Housekeeper, Vi7oman's Building. 
To fill the vacancies created by resignations, the following appointments were made: Dr. Robert A. Law. Ph. D., Harvard University, a native of South Caro­lina, was appointed [nstructor in English. Dr. L. W. Payne, Ph. D., the University of Pennsylvania, was appointed Instructor in English. Dr. W. K. Wright, Ph. D., the University of Chicago, was appointed Instructor in Philosophy. Mr. W. E. Metzenthin, Columbin, University, was appointed Instructor in Ckrman. Mr. Metzenthin formerly lived in Austin. 
The University Record. 
The vacant in:i-tructorship in Botany was filled by the appointment of 
Mr. Harlan H. York. 
Mr. N. P. Pope, of Louisiana, was appointed Tutor in Geology. 
Mr. Clyde Walton Hill was appointed Tutor in English. 
Mr. J . B. Marshall was appointed Assistant to the Dean and Registrar, 
and Mr. J. J. D. Cobb was appointed Assistant Registrar. 
For Director of Outdoor Athletics, the Board selected Mr. Henry R. 
Schenker, a graduate of Yale University. 
Miss Louise C. Shelley was appointed Housekeeper at the Woman's 
Building, in place of Miss Moore, resigned. 
An appropriation was made for a new Instructor in English, it being found that the force was inadequate to instruct properly the increased number of students. 
It was ordered that $56,000 be appropriated for the construction of a Law Building, and directions were given to the Building Committee re· garding the letting of the contract. 
JANuARY 15, 1907.-The Pre;;ident reported the appointment of Dr. Wm. 
E. Gould, Ph. D., Johns Hopkins "CniYersity, to the position of Instructor in French and Spanish; of Mr. B. F. Sisk to the position of Tutor in Eng· Iish; and of Mr. Bernard Brown as Student Assistant in Physics, vice Mr. Webb, resigned. ), 
The following statement was refill ty the President and approved by the Board, establishing th~ relations between the Department of Education and the College of Arts in the University of Texas: 
"l. Formal recognition is giHn to "·ork in the Department of Education by the University through the Faculty of Arts by the acceptance of three courses in Education in satisfaction to that extent of the requirements for the Bachelor of Arts degree. The distinctively professional ·character of the work is recognized and evidenced by the conferring of teacher's certifi· cates valid for two J'.ears, for four years, and for life. 
"2. A life certificate will be conferred upon those students who complete twenty-one courses, seventeen in the C.:illege of Arb;, and four in the De­partment of Education, and who satisfy the requirements for the degree of Baehelor of Arts in the College of Arts. 
":l. A four-years f'ertificatc will be conferred upon those students who after finishing ten courses in the College of Arts, complete two courses in the Department of Education. 
4. A two-years <·Prtificate will he conferred upon those students wh·) complete four courses in the CollP~<' of Arts and one course in the Depart­ment of Education. 
"5. Special studPnts. t\nnty-onp years of age or o\·er, "·ho are appli­cants for certificates, and students doing work onl~· in the Department of Education, will be registered exclusiv·e]y in that department. Those having finished ten ()OUrses in the College of Arts, who are punning courses in the Department of Education and, at the same time, are doing 1rnrk in the College of Arts, will he rcgistued hoth in the Department of Educa­tion and in the College of Arts. The courses of both classes of students 
The Work of the Fall and Winter Terms. 
must be approved by 1.he Head of the Department of Education, and those of the latter must be approved also by the Dean of the College. 
"6. Students under twenty-one years of age must have completed ten full courses in the College of Arts before undertaking work in the Depart­ment of Education. 
" i. By special permission of the Dean of the College of Arts and the Head of the Drpartnwnt of Education. students under twenty-one years of age, who do not intrnd to take a degree, or who must teach to make the money to complete their courses, may rel!i;;tpr for one full course in Edu­cation in the Freshman or Sophomore year. 
"8. Applic:rnts for the life c·rrtific-ate shall complete not less than three courses in each subject "·hich he is preparing to teach. 
"9. Applicants for thP :\faster';; degree in the College of Arts, who have taken the Permanent Certificate, may present Education as their major ..rnhjrct. to thr Committrp on Oraclnate C'onn•es for its approYal." 
.John C. Townes, Professor of La\\-, 1Yas granted leave of absence during 
the ~pring term of 1908 for the purpose of investigating the methods of 
teaching adopted in the great law schools of this country. 
Miss Lilia M. Casis was granted lea1·e of absence from the University 
for one year for the purpose of engaging in the study of French and Span­
ish abroad. 
The rules of the Board "·ere so amended that the officers of the Board 
.of Regents may hereafter be elected at the first meeting following the 
appointment by the Governor and confirmation by the Senate of a new 
Board. 
Hon. T. S. Henderson "·as elected Chairman, and Geo. W. Brackenridge 
was elected Vice-Chairman of the Board of Regents. 
1'he following standing committees were appointed by the Chairman: 
Auditing: Greenwood, Chairman; Marx. 
Buildings and Grounds: McLaughlin, Chairman ; Brackenridge. 
Complaints and Grievances:· Presler, Chairman ; Finley, Greenwood. 
Executive: Henderson, Chairman; ::\foLaughin, :\1arx. 
Finance: Finley, Chairman ; Calvin, Presler. 
Land: Brackenridge, Chairman; Finley, Henderson. 
Legislation: Calvin, Chairman; Presler, Greenwood. 
Medical Department: Marx, Chairman ; Brackenridge, McLaughlin. 
2Z8 	The University Record. 
STUDENT INTERESTS. 
Mr. W. ,Y. Crutchfield, the new General Secretary of the Young ~Jen's Christian Association, was born October 25, 1875, in Franklin, Tenn. Here he lived till he was hYelw years of age, when he moved The lllew Secretary to Nashville. When he was twenty-two he entered the 
of the Y. 111. C. A., 	h p t S l l t s · 
w. w. 	Crutchfield. Bra1~ham and Hug es . repa.ra ory • c 100 a. , prmg Hill, Tenn. After four years in this school, he entered Vanderbilt University, from which he graduated with the Bachelor of Arts degree in June, 1906. 
Mr. Crutchfield was known throughout his school life for his acth'ity in religious affairs. While at the Branham and Hughes Preparatory School he was sent as a delegate to the Southern Students' Conference at Ash­ville. While at Vanderbilt he represented this same conference on three different occasions, twice as a delegate from the Vniversity and once on his -0wn responsibility. During his Freshman year at Vanderbilt he was elected president of the Young Men's Christian Association. He held this position two years, and in his Senior year he was made its treasurer. 
At the time '!\!Ir. Crutchfield was chosen General Secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association at the University of Texas, two other similar positions were open to him. But regardless of the fact that our own Uni­versity Association was rather poorly organized and had never had either a general secretary or an Association .building, he cast his lot with Texas. At the present time Mr. Crutchfield needs no introduction to the ;;tudent body. He is popular among the ~tudents. actiYe in athletics, an efficient Association secretary, a good organizer, and an earnest, persistent Chris­tian worker. C. S. D .. 
During the opening days when those men needed help who were corning to the UniHrsity for the first time as absolute strangers in Austin, the 
Y. M. C. A. had their reception committee at the depot to welcome them, show them the way to the University, 
Y. l!ll. c . .&. help them in ·matricula ting, and · assist them in se­
curing board as well as render any other favors pos­sible. Such ~ervice tics the men to the Association. The first impressions are the lasting impressions, and a kindness shown at this embarrassing period is seldom forgotten. 
Up to the present, eight men have been given permanent employment 
through th<' Association employment bureau. Some of these men earn their 
board and lodging, others their board, and some are paid in cash. Quite a 
number haw been furnished temporary employment. 
Eight hundrerl hand-books were distributed to the students. These books 
were Yest-pocket in ~ize, bound in leather, nnd contained a list of organiza­
tions, publications, de., and mm·h n1luablc information for new students. 
On the first Saturday evening after the opening of the Fall term, what 
The Work of the Fall and Winter Terms. 
is known as the "Stag Reception" was giYen for the men. The •.\ssocia­tion has many objects in Yiew in giYing this reception. The primary ob­ject is to furnish a pleasant evening for the new men who are at this time feeling most forcibly the results of having severed home ties. It also af­fords such men an opportunity of getting acquainted with one another and with the old men. The pastors of the various churches of Austin were present each with a different colored ribbon on his coat. ..\ committee met the men at the door and tagged each man with a piece of ribbon correspond­ing in color to that of his pastor. This afforded each pastor the oppor­tunity of meeting the men whom he might expect to see at his church and gaw him the chance of inYiting him to he at churc·h next da~-. The way a man spends his fin;t Sundays at college often determines ho1> he will spend his Sabbaths throughout his college course. Refreshments were serYed, and those in charge estimated the attendance at about fl.ye hundred 
men, who came and went in an informal wa~-bet11·ren the hours of 8 and 11 o'clock. 
The Young \Yomen's Christian Association joined forces 11·ith the Y. ~I. 
C. A. and gave a joint picnic on October 26. ..\.ll the men an<l women of the "CniYersity were im·ited t-0 attend. Between three and four hundred attended. The . .\ssociations do this to meet a need that is felt among a large class of students who have but little, or no opportunity, to enjoy themselves in a social way. The student,; and profe.>sors gathered on the steps of the \Yoman's Building at about 4 o'clock. ..\ fe1Y minutes was spent in getting acquainted, then they paired off and man::he<l to the 11·oods, beyond the east limit of the campus, where they were serYed with a genuine picnic dinner. These picnics are becoming w ry popular among the stu­dents. A large barbecue is being arran!!"0d at present 11·hich promi,es to be the most successful event of this nature en~r held by the . .\ssoe:iations. 
The regular Sunday afternoon derntional meetings haw been well at­tended, comparatiYely speaking. The average attendance for the year. to date, has been ii. The maximum was 109, going heyond the seating capac­ity of the room where they are held, and the minimum wa;; -1.). Thi;; drJe;; not include the meetings when such men as ~Ir. ~Iott, or ~Ir. Cone .John;;on, were with us at the regular hour but ;;poke to the general puhlic in the auditorium, of \Yhich special mention will be made helow. ..\.t these mt't-t­ings sucl1 moral and religious subjects are selec·ted as are CIJth idered tlJ he most benefie:ial and of most ,-ital importance to student';. The learler;; haw been chosen from among the students, <:itizem, profe;;soF. and pa;;trn .' of the city. ~\n Association quartet furnishes mmic, and from time to time new features are introduced. 
In October the Association was fortunate in securing the sen·ice;; <if }[r. J ohn R. ~Iott, G•>neral Secretar~· of the \Yorld's Christian Student Federa­tion, who delh·ered three addresses to the .students. Texas \\·a, one 1Jf the fiw universities in the l"nited States which were fa,·ored h~-n Yi ;;it from ~Ir. }Iott this year, the others heinl! Yale. Princeton, Hanan!. and Cornell. ~Ir. }fott has traYeled around the world se1·eral times in the interest of Christian work among students, and has an international reputation as a 
240 The University Record. 
speaker. Saturday evening, October 27, Mr. Mott delivered his first address, to men only, on the subject, "The Battleground of Students in All Lands." This was followed by another address on \Sunday afternoon at 3 o'clock, when he spoke on "Students of Power." About 600 men heard him, and after the meeting :Mr. :\<Iott invited all the men to meet with him who did not know, but wanted to know, Jesus Christ as a real power in their lives by which they might conquer their temptations and be freed from their sin. Ninety per cent met with him, out of which number forty-two took a defi­nite stand for a vital Christian life. 
At 5 o'clock :\Ir. Mott met with the Advisory Board of the .\ssociation, and urged upon them immediate action· in regard to the erection of a Y. 
M. C. A. building. He gave ideas and suggestions out of which has grown, to a large extent, the present building campaign. 
Mr. Mott met with the cabinets of the two Associations, and with the committees to coach and instruct them in the work. :\fany indi\"idual con­ferences were held with Mr. Mott by students in regard to their life work and other important questions. 
At 7: 30 o'clock Mr. Mott spoke in the auditorium t-0 both men and women students. About one thousand heard him. 
Mr. Joseph F. Etter, of Sherman, :\Ir. Cone Johnson, and others have addressed the students this year, at which meetings the attendance was from three to four hundred. 
Bible and mission study classes are being conducted in the board­ing houses, fraternity houses, at the Texas Bible Chair, and in the Main Building at such hours and on such days as each class shall determine for itself. These classes are conducted on the group plan, with, for the most part, a student leader. All study the lesson, and a general discussion is conducted by the class leader, who is as open to enlightenment as any mem­ber of his class. Experience has proven this to be the best method to pur­sue among college men in Bible study. 
Probably the most encouraging feature of the work is the interest taken by the general student body in the effort to secure funds for a Y. M .C. A. building. They first gav~ evidence of their interest by laying down their own subscription of $11,130. In additi-on to this, many of them have .begun to plan how they can organize a committee of students and alumni for a canvass in their own home towns over the·State during the coming vaca­tion. This will mean much to the traveling secretary, who will work the State for funds during the summer. 
The lot at the corner of Guadalupe and Twenty-second streets has been purchased to be used as the site of the building. This lot is 120xll7 feet, and is a most desirable site. The canvass is being made to raise $75,000 for this building. 
This brief review of the work for the Fall and Winter terms affords some reason for encouragement, but when we lcok into the possibilitie.> of the Young Men's Christian Association in the University. and consider the scope of the work that it really ought to be doing for the students at the 
The Work of the Fall and Winter Terms. 24l 
present, there creeps OYer us a feeling of dissatisfaction as to our past attainments. 
The plans of the •.\ssoeiation with itr; new building must embrace a much larger social prngram to meet a real need and one that has been long felt by a large clas~ of men in the University. The general atmos­phere of the building must be so warm, winsome, and congenial to the college student that he will prefer bein« there to beino-in ;;ome <lO\\·n­town place of allureme:nt, when he ha~ an hour tu :pend away from 
his books. It must discover and supply his needs. 'Yhen this is <lone, the development of the work in all its -other phases will be a natural sequence. The college man is loyal to any organization he likes. 





''°· ''°·C. 

The y ,oung Women's Christian • .\s.>ociation shows this year a marked development in almost every phase of its work. Four years ago it was struggling to hold its O\\'n with about t\\·enty-fh·e mem-
Y. w. c. A. be rs; today it has the distinction of being one of the 

strongest student organizations in our UniYersity. The enrollment at present is 272. The Bible study enrollment has increased in the same length of time from 30 to 300; and the mission study depart­ment, created since that time, now has 150 members on its roll. The growth of the annual budget testifies to the fact that education along these lines has not been without practical results. The budget has increased from $30 to $100. The larger part of this has been given by the women students themselves, the remainder being subscribed, in .three-year pledges, by interested alumni and friends. It is hoped that by the end of three years the Association will be self-supporting. 
An unlimited expenditure of energy, together with thorough organiza­tion, may be suggested as a partial explanation of this success. A more detailed account of the Association at work will perhaps be of interest to those of its friends who are not acquainted with anything more than the weekly devotional meetings on Monday afternoon. 
There are nine working committee;;, each of which is composed of a chairman, eight other women students, and an advisory member from the teaching force. The names of the committees will su-;gest their functions. They are : Bible Study, Finance, Intercollegiate, Membership, :\fissionary, Practical Needs, Religious Meetings, Social, and ::\fusic. These committees meet either weekly or bi-weekly. The chairman, together with the officers and general secretary of the Association, make up the cabinet, or executiYe, body, which meet$ once a wek. 
The account here giYen covers a very small, though a Yery necessary. part of the real work of the Young Women's Christian Association. The part which means the most is the part most difficult to describe. Yet I do not believ-e there is a woman in the college who has not felt the influence of the spirit of unselfishness and of Christian fellowship which it is the aim of the Association to foster. L. W. 
The University Record. 
There are at present in the University twelve fraternities: Beta Theta 
Pi, 2000 San Antonio street; Phi Delta Theta, Twenty-third and San An­
tonio streets; Phi Gamma Delta, 2300 Red River street; 
The Kappa Alpha, 2407 University avenue; Sigma Alpha 
l'ra.ternities. Epsilon, 202 East Twenty-fourth street; Sigma Nu, 

1906 Wichita street; Delta Tau Delta, 110 1West Eighteenth street; Phi Kappa Psi, 1702 Rio Grande street; Chi Phi, 200 We~t Nineteenth street; Kappa Sigma, Nineteenth street and University avenue; Sigma Chi, 2408 Rio Grande atreet; and Alpha Tau Omega, which has no chapter house. Of these, three, the Phi Delta Thetas, the Kappa Sigmas, and the Chi Phis, own their chapter houses. Since the last Record went to print the only law fraternity in the institution, the Sigma Xu Phi, has disbanded. One or two attempts have been made within the past year to secure charters for additional fraternities, but so far they have been fruitless. 
So far this session the fraternities have contributed their quota to every student activity. In oratorical contests the fraternity and non-fraternity men have divided honors evenly. In athletics, honors were about even in football; in basketball and track, non-fraternity men greatly predominate, hut the baseball squad is composed almost entirely of fraternity men. 
One most commendable tendency which seems to be gaining ground among the fraternities is that of taking in men only on their own individual merits, irrespective of their social or financial status. This shows the development of the democratic spirit, and will prove a great aid in soothing the an­tagonism between the "Barbs" and the "Frats." This antagonism at one time boded evil for this institution, but the action of conservatiYe men on both sides in voting for candidates on merit alone has tended to heal the breach, ·or, at least, prevent its widening. As long as there are students who eon'sider their duty to their University higher than their duty to an ele­ment ·Of the student body, no serious consequences will ever result from the enmity between any two elements. F. F. 
Sorority life in the University during the last six months has been, on the whole, peaceful. The six sororities hav·e worked harmoniously, and seem to have accomplished their ends without any clash The with each other, except, perhaps, when two m· three Sororities. groups of girls have tried to talk to the same Fresh­
man at the same time. The idea is growing, apparently, that all are Greeks, nnd, therefore, equal. What rivalry has existed for Freshmen, officers, or anything, has only stimulated activity in all direc­tions, and it is safe to say that all the sororities are in a more flourishing condition this year than they have ever been before. 
Of the six sororities here, Pi Beta Phi, Kappa Kappa Gamma, Chi Omega, Kappa Alpha Theta, Zeta Tau Alpha, and Alpha Delta Phi, all have chapter houses except Zeta Tau Alpha, which keeps a chapter room. Life 
The Work of the Fall and Winter Terrns. 
in a chapter house has stood the test of years of practice. The chapter houses are centers of social activity, and contribute very largely to ihe influence and popularity of the sororities. All the houses this year have been near the campus; the girls are thus enabled to take an acth·e part in the little Pvents of college life. 
Rushing season this year was a great success. The experiment of open season was tried for the first time. A Freshman could be pledged immedi­ately after matriculation. This proved to be a great relief from the usual strain ·0f rushing parties, which formerly distraC'te<l both old girls and Freshmen. As a result of this success, open season will probably become a'permanent feature of sorority life in the University. 
The Pan-Hellenic Association has had v·ery little to do so far this year, as there have been no crying questions to settle. A meeting has been held each term to discuss matters of general inter-sorority interest. The presi· dency has been held hy Chi Omega, Kappa Alpha Theta, and Zeta Tau Alpha, respectively. The meetings of the Spring term will be devoted to the discussion of next year's rushing. 
In University politics and in Y. " ·· C...\., sorority girls haYe been promi­nent. They hold offices in all the Unh·ersity organizations and on the staffs of the various publications, and take a part in everything that concerns the UnivPrsity. :'.\L L. B. 
The advancement of the Athenaenm and Rusk, both in the character of the work and in membership, has heen Yery rapid within the last few years. This year will no douht prove the most successful in 

The llllen's 
their history. Each society is crowded to its full ca­
Literary 
pacity, which has entailed the adoption of special ex·
Societies. 
pedients in program arrangements to meet tlw need of so many members. The subjects for debate this year have been well chosen, as is shown by the spirit and interest manifested in their discussion. In addition to the regular debates, the orations, and the declamation, a parliamentary drill of thirty minutes is now held at the conclusion of thP regular program. This feature of the society's work has proYed to be one of the most entertaining and instructive parts of the program. It affords the student an opportunity not only to see parliamentary· rules applied by others, hut to appl_,. them himself as well. This innovation \\·as made to the end that the students might bf'come masters of parliamentary rules in so far as the conditions llPre \\'ill p<'rmit. 
The Oratorical Association, \Yhich consists of the two literary societies, !ms general charge of all public speaking contests. However, these con­tests are under the special charge of the Public Speaking Council. This Council is made up of ( 1) the five mf'mh('rs of the Faculty on the standing c·ommittee on Forensics and Orat9ry, ancl (2) six members of the Oratorical Association, three from each society. The Council acts as an exeeutiYf' and advisory board in all matters of interest to the Oratorical Association. 
The University Record. 
Its principal work consists in the arranging of all contests and the adopting of rules governing such contests. The affiliation of the societies with the School of Public Speaking has resulted in a great benefit to the societies. 
The annual inter-society debate was held in the 1.:'niversity auditorium the third Saturday night in January, at which time the winners of the Ira H. Evans prize and the debaters for the inter-collegiate debates were chosen. Those adjudged to be the four best debaters were R. W. Haynie, of Brenham, .J..J. D. Cobb, of Claude, J. I. Kercheville, of Devine, and R. 
D. Jones, of Valley View. )Iessrs. Haynie and Cobb will represent the University in the Tulane <lebate, and )1essrs. Kercheville and Jones in tlie Missouri debate. The Gregory and Batts prize of $25 was awarded to :Mr. Haynie. 
This year the Evans prize, given for the three best orations on some subject connected with municipal government, and the S. P. Skinner prize in debate, were interchanged. This was done in view of the fact that the subject chosen for debate was the municipal government question. The 
S. P. Skinner contest was held this year on :March 1. H . L. Yate.> was given the first prize of $75, thereby being selected to represent the Univer­sity in the State Oratorical contest at \Yaco, and th~ Southern Oratorical contest at Xashville. Clarence Kendall was awarded second place. The annual contest in declamation for the E. P. Wilmot prize will be held in the University auditorium the first Saturday night in April. 
B. G. 
There are at present among the women students of Texas l:nh·ersity three literary societies, which, according to seniority, are the Ashbel (1888), the Sidney Lanier (19"00), and the Reagan
The Women's 
( 1905) . The general purpose of these societies is to
Literary Societies. extend the personal acquaintance of the members with our best writers, both English and American, giving a direct insight into their truest work and, thereby, instilling a deeper love for real literature. In addition, each society keeps certain incidental purposes in. view. The Ashbel gives each year to the Library money to be devoted to the purchase of books for the School of English. The Sidney Lanier has established a loan fund for the assistance of students in their college course, and is endeavoring to establish a permanent scholarship fund. The Reagan has, as yet, but begun its existence, one which promises well, however, for future attainment. The Ashbel Literary Society, during the session of 1906-1907, has been engp.ged in a study of George Eliot, her life and work. During the past two terms "Silas Marner," "TfAdam Bede," "The Mill on the Floss," and "Romola" have been studied. The remainder of the session will be de­voted to a study of "Felix Holt," "Middlemarch," and "Daniel Deronda." These novels have been studied for the plot, the structure, the character­ization, the style. In addition, the element of purpose therein hag been 
The Work of the Fall and Winter Terms. 

considered, together with their revealment of the author's philosophy of life. 
The course of study in the Sidney Lanier <luring the first part of this session was an inquiry into the works of Hawthorne. Parallel with this, a study of Lanier's life and poems was purs~<l. The work of the Winter term has been confine<l to the stories of Van Dyke. During the Spring term the composition of the short story will be considered, its principles and elements. The best of short stories will be used for study and illustration; and the members of the society will themselves write short stories. 
The Reagan Literary Society, during the Fall term, took up as a course of study the dramas of Ibsen, considering four plays. These were "Gho.;;ts," "The Doll'> Housi>," ''The Pillars of Society," and "Hed<la Gabler." The work during the Winter term has been a study of Amer­ican poetry, that of James Rus>ell Lowt?ll in particular. For the rest of the session the most representative American poets will be considered. Of especial interest and v·a)ue is the inquiry into current events which _ is made at each regular me~ting. 
Each of these three literary societies has undertaken an edition of The University Magazine during 1907. Ashbel edited the March number. The April number is to be edited by the Sidney Lanier, and the May number by the Reagan. These editions are to be composed solely of the productions of the members in each respective organization. By such practical means these societies have opportunity for incn:asing their own ability in com­position, and furthering a cultivation of individual resource. 
B. C. 
The University is beginning to awake to the fact that there is such an organization as the German Dramatic Club. Furthermore, people in 

other portions of the State have discovered that there  
'rhe German  is such  a  club.  The reason  of this growth -0f interest  
Dramatic Club.  in the German Club is due, in no  small degree, to the  
formal  organization in  the  spring  of  1906, with  Dr.  

Primer as president; the energy of the club's members has been rewarded by a revival of interest among the University students. With the perfec­tion of its organization, the club has entered upon a newer and broader field of action. 
The club is made up of students in the German department of the Uni­versity. The purpose cf its organization was to foster an interest in the German literature and language among the University students, and to present t-0 the Library standard German works which would assist all students of German. On the whole, the club has been successful; for the plays given by the club have been unusually well attended. Yet the fact remains that the attendance will always be some­what limited; and the majority of the audience will come, not from the University students, but from the German element in Austin. Xo 
The University Record. 
matter how good the play may be; no matter how well it may be pre­sented, the fact remains that University students find little to interest them in a play given in a foreign language. The club, in the past, has had to meet this indifference and overcome it; but beyond a certain point, this indifference can .never be fully overcome. With this fact in view, with the local field limited, the German club has turned to the German communities of the State. The ciub made a trip this year for the first time. The German play, "Doctor Wespe,'' was rendered this winter in New Braunfels, and was a complete success. 
With that success in mind, the German Club has entered into its wider sphere of action; and the purpose of the club will be realized, if the en­ergy, and ability, and enthusiasm of its members count for anything. The club hopes to cement the bond of friendship between the German people and the University of Tex.as, to create an interest among the German peo­ple in the State University. 
The social functions of the present session have included seven dances, a few receptions, and sundry concerts giYen by musical organizations. The dances given have been those of the University Ger­'rhe social Life man Club, the Arrowhead Club, and the different ot the University. classes and fraternities. Numerous receptions have 
been given by the various sororities and fraternities. 
The r;erman Club, according to its regular custom, has given an in­formal dance at Protection or Eighth street hall every other week of the session, except during examination time. At Thanksgiving and Easter these dances were turned in.to formal, full-dress affairs. The Thanksgiving ball was given XO\·ember 2!J at the Driskill :Hotel, with .Besserer's full orchestra, and with abundant decorations and refreshments. It was led by the presi­dent of the club, Herbert Sutton, with Miss Geils Adoue. This affair was, and always has been, largely attended by visitors and alumni. The Easter German, on April 1, was formal only to the extent of refreshments and the lateness of the hours. All these dances have been extremely well attended. 
The Arrowheads have given three dances this session. the first brn being formal. These affairs are rather slimly attended. The decorations, pro­grams, costumes, .and refreshments are in keeping with the formality of the occasion. 
The Theta 1-'u Epsilon, a fraternity composed of men from other fra­ternities, has also given one dance after the $arne order. The other fra­ternities haw given various more or less pretentious dances, -~orne at the private chapter houses, some at the usual dance-halls. Phi Delta Theta gave two at the chapter hou~c; Beta Theta Pi two also, the last one being rather formal. Phi Gamma Delta has given three, all at the fraternity house; and Sigma Chi, Phi Kappa Psi, Delta Tau Delta, and Sigma Nu have also entertained, the last mentioned, twice. These affairs have been 8mall and informal, but particularly enjoyable because of the congeniality 
The Worlc of the Fall and Winter Terms. 
of the crowd. The Freshman class gave its uoual reception and dance at the \Voman's Building, November 23; it was led by Tom Henderson, with Miss Mary Pool, and was, as usual, one of the social events of the session. The two rooms were beautifully decorated with pennants and palms and chrysanthemums, and a large orchestra added to the enjoyment of the dance. There was also a Freshman hop, given at Eighth street hall, Feb­ruary 16, which was extremely informal, but was well attended. 
Kappa Alpha Theta, one of the sororities, recently entertained the University Ladies' Club with a reception at their fraternity house, on February 23. Pi Beta Phi entertained Pan-Hellenic in the same manner in honor· of their province president, :i\liss Anne Stuart. Early in the ses­sion Phi Gamma Delta gave a large reception at their new house. 
The University Band has given four concerts,-October 30, December 2, February 15, a nd April 5. These were all very much appreciated; the attendance is always large. The Glee Club has given two concerts, and the Girls' Choral Club one; all ·0f which have been most enjoyable. 
S. G. 
The election for president of the Finai Reception was held on January 
15. Mr. H. L. Stone, of Corsicana, 'ms the ~uccessful candidate. 
This election 'rns probably the most exciting  one  of  
~he  Pinal Ball  the  entire  scholastic  year.  The  Final  Reception,  or  
Election.  Final Ball, as it is  more  commonly called, is the only  
function  of  a  strictly social  natnre  given officially by  

the student body, and it is very largely attended, not only by the stu­dents and the people 0f Austin, but also by Yisitors from all parts of the State. Then, too, there are !! number of political plums in the shripe of chairmanships of the various Final Ball committees, which the president has in his power to dispose of as he sees fit. For these reasons the office of Final Ball president is a much-coveted one, and the election is one which never fails to arou~e the highest degree of interest among the students and their friends, or to become the occasion of the most intense, though not unfriendly, political strife. 
As early as the beginning of the fall term speculation became rife as to the next Final Ball president. Man:v names were mentioned as possibil· ities. rpon the reopening of the l:niver;;it~· after the holidays, these rngue rumors began to take definite form. The friends of :l\Ir. Stone formally ·announced him as a candidate for the office. A couple of days later the Brackenridge Hall contingent put forth ~Ir. R. L. Rather, of Gonzales. Hand-bills extolling the merits of the t\\"O candidates made their appear­ance in the corridors. Politicians were to be seen button-holing men on thP.ir way to classes and earnestly talkin.~ to them with the purpose of in­fluencing their vote. The excitement grew more and more intense as elec­tion day <lr<.>w near. On the morning of the 15th hand-bills appeared an­nouncing the candidacy of Mr. John L. Sheppard, of Texarkana. 
The University Record. 
The excitement reached its climax in the afternoon of the election. The hour set for the voting was 3 o'clock. At half·past two the students began to assemble in the auditorium; from then until 3 o'clock a continuous stream poured in. Promptly upon the hour, Mr. Parrish, the president of the Students' Association, called the meeting to order, stated the object of it, and declared nominatiom in order. The three candidates were nomi­nated with appropriate speeches. After a number of seconding speeches, the nominations were closed. It was decided to vote by division, those farnring Mr. Rather to go to the right-hand side of the auditorium, those favoring ::O.fr. Stone to the left, and those for ~fr. Sheppard to the center. It was at this moment of making the division that the excitement was at ita highest. Amid yells and acclamations the voters moved to their re­spective sides. Mr. Sheppard's friends, seeing that his defeat was in­evitable, withdrew has name. A committee of eight was appointed to count the votes. The result was 498 for :Mr. Stone, 406 for Mr. Rather. 
Mr. Stone, the president-elect of the Final Ball, is a law student, and this is his .>ixth year in the University. He is very popular, both among the students and among the people of Austin. It is believed he will make the 1907 Final ·Reception a brilliant success. T. S. H. 
The student publications of the University of Texas are three: The Texan, a weekly newspaper; The University of Texas Literary · Magazine, 
a  monthly;  and  The  Cactus,  an  annual.  Through  
Student  these three publicatiom the many phases of student life  
Publications.  find expression.  
The Texan.-This  session  The  Texan  has been  suc­ 

cessively in the hands of two editors-in-chief. Mr. Luther Nickels, who was elected last spring by the Student Association, found, after a few months of successful tenure, that on account of the pressure of other duties he could not retain the editorship. The Student Council fille1d the vacancy caused :by his resignation by electing Mr. Joel Watson to the editorship. Mr. Wat.son has since been in charge, and he is supported by a competent board of associate editors. This board consists of Misses Mamie Searcy, Louise Evans, Dollie Bell Rutherford, and Messrs. Eugene Harris, Lee G. Carter, John Dinsmore, Raymond Edwards, A. L. Toombs, and D. A. Skin­ner. The business management of The Texan is in the hands of Mr. Robert L. Ramsdell. The Texan has taken an active part in all Univer­sity affairs, and has shaped to no small extent the actions and policies of the students. 
The Magazine.-The Magazine is the exponent of the more purely liter­ary side of student life, and requires gifts of a higher sort in its contributors than do the other publications. Because of this, perhaps, it has always suffered from a lack of material. This session The Magazine is in charge of Miss Louise Temple, editor-in-chief, assisted by the following board: McFall Kerbey, assistant editor-in-chief; Thomas S. Holden, exchange 
The Work of the Fall and Winter Terms. 
editor; Misses Annie N. Sowell, Margaret P. Levey, Annie B. Rumpel, Hermione Mays, Messrs. J . ·R. O'Connor, and Paul Rochs, associate editors. In spite of the meagreness of material Miss Temple has succeeded in giving to the University a most creditable magazine. Mr. Kenneth C. Miller is the business manager of The Magazine. 
The Cactus.-The 1907° Cactus is scheduled to appear on or before the 15th of May. The main feature of this year will be its rich art work, but it is understood that in literary and other phases it will compare favorably with the former issues. The Cactus is under the supervision of Mr. Robert Haynie, editor-in-chief. The art editorship is held by :;\1iss Lilian Walker, the literary editorship by Mr. W. 0. Kinsolving, and that of athletics by Miss Maie P. Borden and Mr. Ireland Graves. These editors are assisted by the following associates: Serena Gould, Stella Lewis, Ollie Prewitt, Charles Conrad, R. D. Jones, Dan Ruggles, and Lucian Henderson. Mr. F. W. Householder has charge of the business management of The Cactus. M. K. 
ATHLETICS. 
The football games and scores in 1906 were as follows: Texas vs. Twenty-sixth Infantry, at Austin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 to 0. Texas vs. T. C. U., at Austin ......... .... . 22 to 0. 
Texas vs. W. T. M. A., at Austin. . . . . . . . . . 28 to 0. 
in.1906. Texas vs. Vanderbilt, at Nashville....... .. 0 to 45. 

Texas -v·s. Arkansas, at Fayetteville. . . . . . . . 11 to 0. 
Texas vs. Oklahoma, at Norman . . . ... . ...... ... .. . .. ... . .... 10 to 9. 
Texas vs. Haskell Indians, at Austin ...................... ... 28 to 0. 

Texas vs. Daniel Baker, at Austin ... ......... . .. .. . .......... 40 to 0. 

Texas vs. Washington, at .Austin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 to 6. 
Texas vs. A. and M., at Austin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 to 0. 
Football 
Totals . . ... .. .... .. .................. .. ........ . .... . . 201 to 60. 

T's were voted to the following men: L. 'vV. Parrish (captain), F. B. 
Duncan, B. H. Dyer, J. C. Adams, B. Colwell, V. A. Hendrickson, W. B. 
Hamilton, C. H. Hastings, H. Fink, W. F. Krahl, M. Mainland, W. Mac­
Mahon, L. H. Feldhake, R. L. Ramsdell, F. R. Ramsdell, F. C. Lumpkin 
(manager ) . Gold footballs, suitably engraved, were also voted to the aboYe men· tioned members of the team. Mr. Duncan has been elected captain, and Mr. Roy Rather manager for 1907. Financially the season was very successful, $!i542.80 having been taken in, with expenses in the neighborhood of $5900. The Junior-s won the class football championship, and <!lass numeral~ were awarded Ayres, Ball, Harley, Haskell, Feuille, MacBride, Monteith. Lipscomb, Rowe, Sewall, Sweet, Vickers, and Walker of the winning team. 
The University Record. 
Games have been played with Decatur (lost), Baylor (won), Baylor (lost), Fort Forth Y. M. C. A. (lost), Cleburne Y. M. C. A. (lost), Baylor (won), San An.tonio High School (won). A trip was taken to \Vaco, Fort Worth, and Cleburne, and a trip Basketball. to San Antonio will be taken late in March to play 
three of the schools there. 
Mr. Fred Ramsdell is captain, Mr. Scott Brown is manager, and Mr. Leon Goodman is assistant manager. Feldhake, Berry, Schaefer, Thomas, Vining, Thrasher, and Gardner are among the other principal players. 
The prospects in baseball are excellent; much new material is on hand and most of the old. Owing to many being barred last season for defective scholarship, it would seem that such a warning would 
Baseball. 	prevent so wholesale a cataRtrophe this spring. The trip includes Arkansas, Vanderbilt, Cumberland, Drury, and Tulane. 
The class games have resulted ~n the triumph of the Senior Class. 
It has been decided to have a Gym. Team. and the Council has decided to award a T to the winner of one first, or of two seconds, or of one second and three third places in the four events of Gymnasium the annual gymnasium contest. The title of college Tea.m. gymnast will be awarded as before. In case of a tie 
in any event, 	the event must be ·repeated. 
In a fairly well contested tournament Feuille and Buckley won the championship on doubles, and F. L. Ramsdell defeated Sutton, the cham­pion of last year, in singles. JlaJldba.11. T's are not yet ghen in handball, but if the interest increases in the future as it has recently, the time for such an award is not far off. 
Owing to the successful football season, the Athletic Council entered 1907 with a cash balance of approximately $800. The Council, pursuing its policy of maintaining a sufficient margin to meet Fina.noes obligations in case of misfortune, called for $700 from in 1907. the student body. After some labor this amount was 
raised. but not·in time to prevent Manager Wynne from losing some good games in baseball. the Council not allowing him to sign contracts until the $700 was on hand. 
The Work of the Fall and Winter Terms. 

There is, of course, considerable reluctance exhibited by some when asked to contribute to athletics when the Council has money on hand. Many do not wish to provide against the rainy day, many are willing to run ath­letics on too narrow a margin. But on the financial side, athletics is a business; .bills hiwe to be met as promptly there as elsewhere, al).d the Council must preserve the athletic credit of the University. 
The desire of the Athletic Council to have $1500 ( $800 plus $700) was based on estimated losses of $100 in basketball, $300 in track, $400 in base­ball. leaving $700 as a margin for the football season in 1907. The bas­ketball season, now nearly over, has created a deficit of $150, but the pros­pects for baseball are excellent, and it is hoped that our losses will fall below the estimate~. Any money on hand in December will be deducted from the amount that the Council deems necessary for 1908, the students being asked to raise the difference. In this way athletics in the Univer­
sity can be kept in a fairly good condition so far as finances are concerned. 
H. Y. B. 
ALU11XI XOTES. 
1888. 
W. H. P. Hunnicut, C. E., is chief draughtsman in the Land Office. Leonard Doughty, LL. B., is practicing law at Goldthwaite. 
1889. 
J. C. Nagle, C. E., is professor of Civil Engineering at A. and 1f. Col­lege. 
D. W. Spence, C. E., is as$istant professor in the A. and M. College. 
1894. 
Manuel Marcus Garcia, M. A., '98, is principal of the Spanish Depart­ment in the San Antonio public schools. 
J. H. Herndon, B. Lit., is in the real estate business at Tyler. 
John Rich Stubblefield, LL. B., after -serving as county attorney and county judge of Eastland county, is practicing law at Eastland. 
1895. 
Donald Cameron, B. A., 'M. A., '96, Ph. D., Harvar<l, '02, is now Preceptor in Greek in Princeton University. Ross L. Clark, LL. B., is in the farming and st-0ek business at Port Lavaca. 
1895. 
Sol. F. Acree, B. S., 1f. S., '97, is A~sociate Professor of Chemistry in .Tohns Hopkins 'Cnfrersity. 
The University Record. 
G. H. Wedemeyer, B. H., is a physician at Taylor. 
Albert L. Anderson, M. D., is loc·ated at Brownwood. 
Wm. Aaron Spalding, C. E., is ' now office engineer for the Southern Pa­

cific 	Railroad, with headquarters at Houston. Fritz Reichmann, C. E., is with the firm of W. and L, E. Gurley, Troy, 
N. 	Y. 1897. 
\Y. B. Halley, :H. D., is a leading physician at Ballinger. 
Frank T. \Yest, B. A., :u. A., '00, LL. B., '02 is a lawyer at Waco. 
W. Roy Smith, B. A., M. A., '98, Ph. D., Columbia University, is As­sociate Professor of History in Bryn ~lawr College. 
1898. 
Vi-illiam Trobaugh Boyd (Billy Boyd), B. A., after teaching at El Paso and Ennis, is in business in Muskogee, I. T. 
Miss Florence Edna Rowe, B. A., M. A., '00, is teacher of English in the Dallas High School. 
R. A. Baker, B. S., is teacher of Science in the Dallas High School. 
1899. 
William Ewing Boyd, L1~. B., is the general claim agent of the Trinity and Brazos Valley Railway Company, with headquarters at Fort \Vorth. Miss Edith Clark, B. Lit., ::\!. A., '08, is Professor of English Literature in the North Texas Normal. Edward B. Pickett, LL. B., is a lawyer at Liberty. He was a member of the Twenty-seventh and Twenty-eighth Legislatures. 
. R. W. King, M. D., LL. B., '06, is practicing law at Fort Worth. 
Felix E. Smith, B. S., ~r. S., '00, 	is Superintendent of Schools at San 
Angelo. 
1900. 

E. P. St-Ockwell, LL. B., '00, LL. ·:YI., 1901, is at Angleton. 
W. C. Dibrell, C. E., is in the employ of the U. S. Coast Survey. 
E. E. Howard, C. E., is with G. A. L. Waddell, Kansas City, as resident engineer for the Kansas City viaduct. 
Miss Maude •Shipe, B. Lit., M. A., '01, is Instructor in Pedagogy in the Southwest Texas Normal. 
1901. 
Robert C. Clark, B. A., M. A., is Professor of History in the State Nor­mal School at Bloomsburg, Penn. 
The Work of the Fall and Winter Terms. 
R. :a. Wiseman, B. A., is assistant cashier of the City National Bank at Floresville. Carr Thomas Dowell, B. S., i-s teaching Science in the Austin High 
School. 
Walter .S. Amsler, B. S., is in the lumber business at )fcGregor. 
David A. McDaniel, LL. B., guard on the 1900 football team, is a lawyer 
at Frederick, Okla. 
H. Lamar Crosby, B. A., M. A., '02, Ph. D., Harv.ard, '05, is Assistant Profess-Or of Greek in the University of Missouri. 
Miss Elizabeth West, B. A., has a. position in the. Manuscripts Depart­ment of the Library of Congress, Washington, D. C. 
IS02. 
Conrad Shu<l<lemagen, B. S., M. S., '04, is pursuing graduate work in Physics at Harvard, where he holds the Whiting Fellowship. 
F. W. Cater, C. E., is employed in the U. S. Reclamation Senice in Colorado. 
J. R. Johnson, C. E., is a bridge engineer in Kansas City. 
Joseph Shotwell Brown, B. S., M. A., '04, is Professor of )lathematics in the Southwest Texas ::formal. 
J. Barry Benefield, B. Lit., after working for a time on the staff of the New York Times, has returned to the University to study Jaw. 
J. A. Hill, B. A., is Superintendent of Schools at Richmond. 
Miss Mae Mosse, B. S ., is teaching at Honey Grove, Texas. 

1903. 
Roy Bedichek, B. S., is teacher of English in the San Angelo High School. Albert A. Cother, C. E., is with the Chicago and Northwestern Railway. 
L. C. Christian, LL. B., is practicing law at Houston. 
Miss Mary Fiegel, B. A., is teaching at Terrell. 
Miss Frances Hogan, B. Lit., is teaching in the Houston public schools. 

W. •r. Blackburn, C. E., is in the employ of the War Department at Galve:1ton. 
R. B. Gillette, C. E., is with the War Department engineers at Dallas, Texas. 
B. M. Haberer, C. E., is in the employment of the St. Louis and Browns­ville Railroad. 
C. J. Howard C. E.. jg with the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railroad. William Lon~no, B. A., is teachi~g in Dall;s. 
M. C. Welborn, C. E., is in Louisiana working for the Southern Pacific Rai.lroad. 
1904. 
Miss :Margaret Marshall, B. S., is teaching at Weatherford. 
J. F. Johnson, B. S., is teaching at Terrell. 
J. W. Williamson, B. A., is teaching in the McKinney High School. 
The University Record. 
1904. 
IS. R. Ashby, B. A., is completing his third year at Oxford as Rhodes Scholar from Texas. 
J . R. Swenson, M. A., holds a Fellowship in Teachers' College, Columbia University. 

A. 
F. Weisberg, B. S., is a member of the Senior Class in the Harvard Law School. 

W. 
F. Martin, C. E., is Hydrographer for the U. S. Geological Survey in California. 

J. 
P. Starnes, C. E., is in the engineering firm of McCarty & Starnes at Lufkin, Texas. 

W. 
0. Washington, C. E., is at Victoria, Texas, in the employ of the Port O'Connor Railroad. 

G. 
G. Wickline, C. E., has a position in Los Angeles, California. 


1905. 
Barney Brooks, B. S., is teacher of Science in the El Paso High School. 
G. C. Kindley, B. S., and W. J. Moyea, B. A., are teaching in the Allen 
Academy at Bryan. 
}Iiss Harriet Smither, B. S., is teaching at Dublin. 
·S. M. Sewell, B. A., is Professor of Mathematics in Polytechnic College, 
Fort Wo::-th. 
R. A. Smith, B. A., is teaching at Brenham. 
Mis·s Lena Megee, B. ·S., is in the Library of Congress, Washington, D. C. 
Miss Virginia Rice, B. A., M. A., Col'umbia University, '06, is Professor 

of English in St. Mary's College, Dallas. 
A. C. Amsler, C. E., is in the employment of the Sewerage Construction Company, Monterey, Mexico. 
W. E. Elam, C. E., is in the employ of the War Department on the Mis· sissippi river. 
J. E. Mitchell, C. E., is Chief Engineer of the Lufkin and Diboll Rail­
road. 1906. 
Miss :~fargaret Beadle, B. A., is teaching in H~:mston. 
W. F. Doughty, B. A., is in the Marlin schools. 
Miss Luella Fonda, B. A., is in the Belton High School. 
Miss Lina Perlitz, B. A., is teaching at Cameron. 
Miss Katherine Searcy, B. A., is teaching in the Brenham schools. 
Miss Chic Yeidel, B. A., has a position in the Dallas schools. 
Miss Edith Symington, B. A., is teacher of Latin i'n the San Antonio High 

School. C. W. R. 
The Work of the Fall and Winter Terms. 
THE TEXAS ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. 
The first meeting of the Texas Academy of Science for the year 1906­1907 was held in the Chemical lecture room of the University of Texas on Friday evening, October 26, 1906. The program consisted of the inaugural address of the President, Dr. S. E. Mezes, Professor of Philosophy in the University and Dean of the College of Arts, who took for his subject "What is Matter?" 
At the regular meeting, November 24, l 906, Dr. George S. Fraps, of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of TeXM, State Chemist, discussed "Food Adulteration." after which the speaker was entertained by the offi­cers of the Academy at an informal banquet. 
The semi-annual formal meeting was held Tuesday evening, December 26, 1906. Dr. H. Y. Benedict, Professor of Applied Mathematics and Astronomy in the UniYersity, delivered an illustrated lecture on "The Solar System." 
At the regular meeting of January 26, 1907, Captain T. J . Dickson. Chap­lain of the Twenty-sixth Infantry, U. S. A., Fort Sam Houston, San An­tonio, by request, presented two illustrated papers: ( 1) "Fighting Asiatic Cholera"; (2) "The First Ascent of Mount Isarog," both papers dealing with his personal experiences in the Philippine Islands. 
The meeting for February-March was held March 7, 1907. Dr. Eugene 
P. '8choch, Adjunct Professor of Chemistry in the University of Texas, gave an experimental exhibition of "The Transformation of Radium." Volume VIII of th.e Transactions of the Academy has been recently pub­lished. Its contents include papers on the following subjects: "The Aesthetic Element in Scientific Thought," by Dr. Thomas H. Mont­gomery, .Jr. (This is the Presidential Address for 1905.) "Paving Brick," by Thomas U. Taylor, Dean of the Department of Engi­neering 'and Professor of Civil Engineering, in the University of Texas. "The Spacial Conception of the Blind," by Dr. Franz J. Dohmen, Honor­ary Lecturer in Mathematics in the University of Texas. "Urogenital Organs of North American Lizards," by Barney Brooks, Professor of Chemistry in Coronal Institute. "The Indebtedness of the German Language to the Latin," by Dr. Sylves­
ter Primer, Professor of Germanic Languages in the University of Texas. The volume concludes with the Proceedings of the Academy for 1905. 
F. W. S. 
THE TEXAS STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. 
The Qua.rterly of the Texas State Historical Association, Vol X, Nos. 1, 2, and 3, which have appeared since the publication of the last Record, contain important contributions to ·the history of the Southwest. 
In No. 1 (July, 190~), Professor I. J. Cox, of the University of Cincin­
The University R ecord. 
nati, begins an extended study of "The Texas-Louisiana Frontier,'' cover­ing in this installment the Franco-Spanish Regime. The scope of the ar­ticle may be indicated by its sub-headings: 1. The Genesis of the Texas Frontier; 2. The Eastern Boundary of Spanish Texas; 3. New Neigh­bors of the Spanish; 4. Diploma tie Intrigues for the Possession of Louis­iana ; 5. Nolan and the American Pioneers ; 6. The Diplomacy of Louisiana. The article displays wide research in Spanish, French, and English soucres. The central question is the western boundary of Louis­iana, with rega rd to which :.\fr. Cox shows that, although the French at different times claimed clear to the Guadalupe, the Rio Grande, or the province of Xew :.\foxico, a fter li30 they made no serious attempt to hold the country west of Arroyo Hondo in the south, or beyond the middle course of the ·:VIis~ouri further north. 
In the same number ::\fr. Eugene C. Barker presents a valuable study of "Land Speculation as a Cause of the Texan Revnlution." He discusses the colonization laws, the speculations, the effect of the speculations upon the Texans, and the abrogation of the questionable grants. He closes with a consideration of the land speculations as a, cause of the breach with Mexico, reaching the conclusion that "neither the speculators nor the speculations had much to do directly with causing the revolution." 
Number 2 (October, 1906) , opens with "The Founding of Mission Rosario: A Chapter in the History of the Gulf Coast," by Herbert E. Bol­ton, a study based mainly on new materials discovered by him in the Archivo General at the City of Mexico. After briefly describing the Karan­kawan tribes about Matagorda Bay, he portrays the failure of the early efforts of the Spaniards among these tribes. About the middle of the cen­tury a plan to colonize Nuevo Santander involved the transfer of the presidio of Loreto, or Banfa del Espiritu Santo, and the mission of Espiritu Santo de Zuniga from the Guadalupe to the San Antonio, and led to renewed efforts to Christianize the Karankawan tribes. The outcome, after diRputes and delays. was the founding, near Goliad, in 1754, of Mis­sion Nuestra Senora de! Rosario for the Cujane and related tribes. The article clears up one of the obscure points in the mission history of Texas, and throws light upon a number of others. 
Professor Bolton's article is followed by Part I of a history of "The 
Seat of Government of Texas," written by the State Librarian, Mr. E. 
W. Winkler. This part of the study traces in detail the events that de­termined the selection of the various sites for the seat of government of Anglo-American Texas. After sketching the history of San Felipe in its successive stages of growth, first the seat of Austin's colony, next of the conventions of 1832 and 183.3, then of the department of Brazos, and of the general council, it is shown how the consultation happened to be convened at this place and the provisional government retained there. Washing­ton had competPd with San Felipe for the consultation; it secured the con­vention of March, 1836, and for a few days the government ad interim. The exigencies of the war caused the government ad interim to move from 
The Work of the Fall and Winter T erms. 
Washington to Harrisburg, and later to Galveston Island. The victory at San Jacinto brought the govern~ent to that point; however, the want of accommodation at the camp as well as at Galveston Island induced Presi­den Burnet to select Velasco, and here the government remained until the assembling of the first congress. The accommodations at Velasco were not sufficient for congress; San Felipe had been burned; Washington was per­haps too remote from the c-0ast; so Columbia was chosen as the place of meeting for the first congress. While at Columbia, congress selected the new town of Houston as the temporary seat of government. 
The last essay in the number is a welcome addition to Texas biography, in the form of a "Sketch of the Life of Oliver Jones and of His Wife, Re­becca Jones," Texas pioneers, by Mrs. Adele B. Looscan. 
In the January, 1907, Quarterly, Mr. Winkler's study is pursued to the removal of the government from Houston to the city of Austin, in October, 1839. The principal topics passed in review are, first, the work of the three different commissions appointed successively to select the site for the permanent seat of government, and secondly, the transformation of the site selected from a state of nature to one meeting the requirements of the government of the Republic. Two maps accompany the second article­one of Eblin's league, which had been selected by the second congress, but wa~ vetoed by President Houston, and the other of the city of Austin as surveyed in 1839. 
In a new "Study of the Route of Cabeza de Vaca," the first installment of which appears in this number of the Quarterly, Mr. James Newton Bas­kett, of Missouri, presents conclusions that are at variance, in some re­spects, with any hitherto published on the subject. While Mr. Baskett identifies Mal-Hado with Galveston Island, he agrees substantially with Judge Coopwood in placing tlie prickly pear region whence the Spaniards made their escape on the lower Nueces River near Corpus Christi Bay. Contrary, however, to Judge Coopwood's view, which is in favor of a south­westward route nearly parallel with the Gulf coast to the River Panuco in San Luis Potosi and thence westward to the Pacific, Mr. Baskett adopts the more generally accepted route northwestward towards the interior of Texas, crossing both the Pecos and the Rio Grande above their confluence. Mr. Baskett's study is based on a comparison of the two principal sources av•ailable for the determination of the route, the joint letters written by Cabeza de Vaca and his companions while they were together in the City of Mexico and given by Oviedo in his Historia de los Indias, and the nar­rative first published in 1542. He has also gathered industriously botanical, zoological, and topographical data bearing on the r oute, which he bas used with great patience and no little skill. The route of Cabeza de Vaca may never be positively determined, but ·M-r. Baskett's study brings us a step nearer to the truth. 




THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS BULLETIN 
GENERAL SERIES 
I. The University of Texas Record, vol. v, no. 3, March, 1904. 
2. 
..4Jumni Notes. 13 p., March, 1904. 

3. 	
Some Wholesome Educational Statistics, by W. S. Sutton. 12 p., illus. March, 1904. 10 cents. 

4. 
Courses of Study in Law Pursued in The University of Texas, by J. 

C. Townes. 16 p. March, 1904. o. p. 

5. 	
Notes Concerning the Progress of the University, by Wilson Williams, Register. 3 p., 1904. o. p. 

6. 
The University of Texas Record, vol. v, no. 4, July, 1904. 


7. 	
The Consolidation of Rural Schools, by Una Bedechek and G. T. Bas­kett. 38 p., illus. October, 1!}04. 25 cents. 

8. 	
The Pride of Texwns and Thew University, by T. H. Montgomery, Jr. 5 p. November, 1904. O-p. 


9. 	
Letter to Alumni Regarding the Proposed Law School Building. 2 p. December, 1904. o. p. 

10. 
Vieu;s of The University of Texas. 42 p., illus., n. d_ 20 cents. 


II. 	What Should be Done by Universities to Foster the Professional Edu· cation of Teachers? by W. S. Sutton. 24 p. 1905. 15 cents. 
12. The University of Texas Record, vol. vi, no. 1, February, 1905. 
13. 	School Building8, by .A. C. Ellis and Hugo Kuehne. 119 p., illn~. pl. June, 1905. 30 cents. 
14. 
*The University of Texas Record, vol. vi, no. 2, September, 1905. 

15. 	
The Teaching of Agricultm·e in the Public Schools, by .A. C. Ellis. '56 p., illus. December, 1906. 25 cents. 

16. 	
A Study in School Supen;ision, by Carl Hartman. 180 p. HlOI. 50 cents. 


HU:M.ANISTIC SERIES 
1. The Trans-Isthmiwn Canal: a Study in American Diplomatic History 
( 1825-1904), by C. H. Huberich. 31 p. March, 1904. 25 cents. 
2. 	The Evolution of "Causa" in the Contractual Obligations of the Civil Law, by Samuel Peterson. 24 p. January, 1905. 25 cents. 
3. De Witt's Colowy, by Ethel Z. Rather. 99 p., 4 maps. 1905. 35 cents. 
4. 	Some Fundamental PoU,tical Principles Applied to M1micipal Oopern­ment, by Samuel Peterson; and Evans Urwversity Prize Orations by .A. D. Robertson, K. S. Dargan, Jr., Edward Crane, R. J. Chan­nel. 39 p. June, 1905. 15 cents. 
5. 	The Grotesque in the Poetry ofi Robert Browning, by Lily B. Camp­bell. 41 p. .April, 1907. 25 cents. 
,.;;:he Record is no longer issued in this series, but bears its volume and 
• ·her, as heretofore. 
THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS BULLETIN 
SCIENTIFIC SERIES 
l. 	Oontributions from the Zoological Laboratory of The University of Texas. Reprints from various journals. April, 1904. o. p. 
2. 	
Oontributions from the Zoological Laboratory of 'The University of Texas. Reprints from various journals. April, 1904. o. p. 

3. 	
Oontributions from the Zoological Laboratory of The University of Texas. Reprints from various journals. April, 1904. o. p. 

4. 	
*Uontributions from the Zoological Laboratory of The University of Texas .. Reprints from various journals. May, 1905. o. p. 


6. 	Test of a Vertical Triple Expansion High-Duty Pumping Engin,e ifs Operation at the Water Works, San Antonio, Texas, by A. C. Scott. 52 p., illus. pl. June, 1905. 35 cents. 
fl. 	Vegetation in the Sotol Country in Texas, by W. L. Bray. 24 p., pl. June, 1905. 25 cents. 
7. 	Observatio~s on the Habits of Some Solitary Wasps of Tea;aa, by Carl H11;rtman. 72 p., pl. July, 1905. 25 cents. 
8. 	The Protection of Our NatiVe Birds, by T. H. Montgomery, Jr. 30 p. October, 1906. 25 cents. 
9. 	
The Austi'li Electric Railway System, by members of the senior class in Electrical Engineering, 1906. 123 p., illus. pl. 19011. 50 cents. 

10. 	
Distribution and Adaptation of the Vegetation of Texas, by W. L. Bray. 108 p., pl. map. November, 1906. 35 cents. 

11. 	
A Sketch of the Geology of the Ohisos Country, by J. A. Udden. In press. 


REPRINT SERIES 
1. 	A Semantic Study of the lndo-Iranian Nasal Verbs, by E. W. Fa7. From the .American Journal of Philology, 25:3119-389 and 26:172­203, 377-408. March, 1906. o. p. 
2. 	Contributions from the Zoological Laboratory oft the Universitg of Texas. From various journals. May, 1906. o. p. 
MEDIC.AL SERIES 
1. 	Yellow Fever: a Popular Lecture, by James Carroll. 32 p. .rune, 1905. 15 cents. 
2. The Oare of the lnsa'lie, by Dr. M. L. Graves. 16 p. 1905. 15 cents. 
3. 	The 1903 Epidemic of Yellow Fever in Texas, and the Lesson to be Learned from it, by Dr. G. R. Tabor. 22 p. June, 1905. 15 cents. 
In addition to the bulletins named above are the following: 
a. 	
The Official Series, which includes catalogues, Regents' Reports and administrative bulletins. ' 

b. 	
About 3f> bulletins issu~d before March, 1904, when the division into series began. An important group among these are the nine Uni­versity of Texas Mineral Survey bulletins. 

c. 	
The ~niversity of TeXll;s Record, formerly, but no longer, included m the General Series. Numbers of the Record have been issued from two to fou,r times a year since December 1898 and it ia now in it.s 7th volume. A general index to the fi~st si~ volumes may


be found in volume 6. 
*Future numbers of Contributions, first published elsewhere will appear
in the Reprint series. 	'