THE MICRO-PALEONTOLOGY OF THE LOWER FORMATIONS 
OF THE GULF SERIES OF TEXAS 

Approved: 

TF.E MICRO-PALEONTOLOGY o~· THE Lor:EF FORMATIONS 
OF THE GULF SERIES OF TEXAS 
THESIS 

Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of 
The University of Texas in Partial Fulfill­
ment of the Requirements 

For the Degree of 

W:AST~R OF ARTS 
By John Joseph King, B. A. (Laredo, Texas) June, 1927 Austin, Texas 
PREFACE 
The subject of thi.s paper was suggested to the writ.er by Professor F. L. Whitney, under whose direction the paper has been preparec"l. He has at al] times given his construc:tive crit.icism and advice. Professor F. M. Bullard has also offered vaJuable suggestions and advice. 
The photographs were taken from "Forarninifera of the Cretaceous of Central Texas", by Dorothy Ogden Carsey, "Forarnjn1fera of the Midway Forrnaticn in Texas", by Helen .1eanne PlwrJner, and "Recent Forarr.inifera", by James 1:. Flint~ 
For this aid the writer wishes to express his apprt: ciation. 
CONTENTS 
Page 
Preface • • • . . . . . iii. Introduction. • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Description of the Species•• • • • . . . . • • 4 Famlly Textula.ridae. • . . . . 4 Subfarr~il y Textularinae . . . . . . . 4 Textularia semi coruplanata . . . . 4 Textularia elobulosa •• . . . . 4 Textularia globifera. . . . . . . . . 5 Subfamily Vernt:uilininae • • • • • • 5 Verneulina whitneyi • • . . . . . . . 5 Guadryina filiformis . . . . . . • • • 6 Family Lagenidae • • ••• . . . . . • • • 7 Subfamily Lageninae. • • • . . . • • ? Lagena sulcata•. . . . 7 Subfamily Nodosc:rt•iinao • . , 
. . . . . . 7 Nodosaria consorbrina 7 
Nodosaria filiformis. 8 
Nodosaria coj~tTIJUJd s. • 8 Nodosarie oblicr~a • . . . . . . . . . 9 Cristellaria gibba. . . . . . . . . . 9 Cristellaria crepidula.•• . . . 10 
iv 
Marginulina regularis••• . . . • • • 10 Frondicularie projecta •. . . 11 Subfamily Polymorphininac • . . . . 12 Polyrnorphina lactea. • . . Fam11.y Globie_:crir.inae • • • . . 12 Globigerina cretacea • . . . . . . 12 Globigeri~a rosetta. . . 13 Fam.Uy Rotali idae • • . . . . . . . 14 Subfamily Rot<:llinae • . . . . . . . . • • 14 Discorbis correcta • . . . 14 Discorbis conica • . . . . . . . . . . 15 Truncutulina bouldini. •. . . . . . . 15 Anomolina sp? • • • • • • • • • • • •. 15 Rotalia cretacea . . . . . 16 Plates • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Bibliography • . . . . . . . . . . 44
~ 
v 
THE MICRO-PALEONTOLOGY OF ':'HE LOVIER FOTI!l~A'l'ION~; 
INTRODUCTT(;JIT 
Due t o the fact that tr"Ol"E' has been no p1;1~1liElied 
'etailed study of the foraminifera of the Engle Ford 
>hale and the Woodbine sand ir1 Texa;;, the \':riter has 

atten~ted to n~ke an intensive investigaticn of the micro-fciuna of these formations . 
The Woodbine fcrmation, with a thickness of approx­imately 4CO feet i r1 Graysc:n County, has proved very unpro­ductive as far as f·:.n·a;:1inifr:-ra arc concerned. They were found at only one horizon, this be ing a shale bed near the top of the formation, but they were so poorly pre­served that neit~er their genera nor their spec1ec could be de termined. In Travis County, based on tho investigation conducted by Prof essor F. L. Whitney and ~r. R. L. Cannon, thB lower 15 feet of what has been called Eagle Ford may possibly be Woodbine in age. In these beds tr..e following specie[> oceur: Textularia semicomplanata Carsey, Text ularia globul0sa Ehrenber£, Nodosaria consorhrina d ' Orbi,£ny, Nodoseria comrma1i s 
d'Orbigny, Nodosaria filiformis d'Orbigny, Nodosaria 
obliqua Linnaes, Cristelluria. gibba d'Orb.ign/, Cristellaria crepidul~ Fitchtel and Moll, Globigorlna cretacea u'Oroigny, Globige1..ina rosetta Carsey, Discorhis correcta Carsey, Marginulina 1.. agularis d'Orbigny, and lithistid sponge spicules. 
The Eagle Ford formation contains, in some locali­ties, numerous foraminifera, altho1.igh the majority of the various species are represonted by only a few indi·1i<L.tal specitnt:ns. Travis and Grayson ;Jou.nties have furnished all of the samples thttt. the writer has examined. The Eagle ?ord in Travis County is about 27 feet t J-1ick, whereas, in Grayson County its t~'li •'.!k­ness is approximately 400 feet. Dorothy Ogden Carsey, in "Foraminlfera of the Cretaceous of Central Texas", lists the following species found in the Eagle Ford form::. t i .-;n: Textularia globulosa Ehrenber.:;, Cristellaria gibba d'Orbigny, Globigerina cretacea d'Orbigny, Globigerina rosetta n. sp. In Travis County the Eagle Ford is abundr1ntly supplied with foramini fera which include the f ollowing species: Textularia globulosa Ehrenberg, Frondicularl:i projecta Carsey, Globigel'.'ina cretacea d'Orblgny, Globigerina rosetta Carsey, Dis­corbis correcta Carsey, Discorbis conica n. sp., 
Trw1c ~ttlinu bouldlni n. sp., and Verneullna whitneyl 
n. Gp. 
In Gray;:.;011 County t:1e Eagle Ford y .ields only a very few foraminifera. They are ve~y scattered and serve in no way as horizon markecs. The following species have been noted: Textularla globulosa Ehrenb8r,G, l'ext<1la:-i;1 slobi (\~ra Reus:;, Gu.adryinci filif~)rmis Berthelln, Lagena sulcata Walker ::tnd Jacob, Nodos:-iria communis d 'Orbi1:~ny, Polymorphina lactea (Walker and Jacob), Globigerlna cretacea d'Orbigny, Rotalia cretacea Carsey, and Anomalina sp? 
4 

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECH~S 
FAMILY TEXTULAHIDAE SUBFAMILY 'l'EXT!}LARINAE TEXTULARIA SEMICOMPLANATA CARSEY PLATE I, FIGURE I 
Test finely arenaceous, broad, slightly flattened, biserial; chambers nwn0rous, narrow; edges narrow, angular; sr1ell thickest along the inter:nedial line of intersection of the chambers, an area which may be occasionally depressed; sutc1res extend from the median line obliquely backward and are usually depressed hut not always plainly discornible; apical end is acutely angula.r; anterior end is wide and broadly angular; aperature 0val, located in the terminal segment on the inner margin. 
Length about .75 mm; width at widest portion about .6 rrun. The shell may be smaller. This species is found in the probable Woodbine i11 Travis County,. 
TEXTULARIA GLOBULOSA SHRENimRG PLATE I, FIGURES 2a, 2b 
Test biserlally syrmnetrical, composed of ver y noticeable globular chambers enlarging rapidly from 
very srjal1 rorn1d cha•:1bers which form a pointad initial end, to final very large bulbular segments; chambers numbec from ten to twelve; sutures are deeply depressed; aperture elongate, wide, with rounded ends , lying at the innnr margin of the last chamber; shell calcareous. 
Length up to about .7 mm. 
This species is cor:unon throughout the Eagle Ford. It is also present in the probable Woodbine in Travis County. 
TEXTtJLAHIA GLOBIFERA REUSS 
PLATE I, FIGURE 3 
Shell like that of Textularia. globulos9. except thn t t'.1 e surface is orno.,n•::nted by fine parallel stralt­ions rwrning longitudinally. 
Length up to about .7 mm. This species is very rare in the Eagle Ford and a few were found only in Grayson County. SUBFAMILY Vl'.:RNEUILININAE VERNEUIL INA 'm-IITNEYI N. SP. PLATE I, FIGURES 4a, 4b 
Test free, trlserial, and elongate, in cross section triangular, composed of three series of segments arranged syrrunotrically or unsyrmnetrically arotrnd the long axis of the shell; segments inflated and increase in size rapidly; 
walls finely arenaceous, smooth; aperture rounded and located at or near the base of the innar margin of the final chamber; some of the species are very distorted while others show a symmetri•:!al form and some begin with a symmetrical arranger:lent of the segments but 
-.vlth the later chambers distorted. 
This species is quite abundant in the upper Eagle Ford shale in Travis Cotmty. GUADRYINA FILIFORMIS BERTHELIN PLATE II, FIGURES la, lb 
Test elongate, very notieeably long, tapering sonwtirnes slightly arcu.ate, wall arenaceous, smoothly cemcnt0d; chambe'°s inflated, enlarging vecy graduaJly, arranged triserlally in the very short initial portion, biserial in the remai~der of the shell; sutures depressed; apical end bluntly pointed; apertural end wider with final chamber rounded t:i angul::=tr; aperture oval, located at the inner margin of the final chamber; surfaca of shell is fairly sr.iooth. 
Length varies up to a little more than 1 mm. 
This species is very rare in the Eagle Ford, Grayson County producLn.g the only speciinem~. 
? 

F MiIL Y LAGEN!DAE SUBFAMILY LAGENINAE LAGENA SULCATA WALKER AND JACOB PLATE II, FIGUHES 2a, 2b 
Test subglobul'1.r t·) pyriforrn; stlrfa~e ornal(lcnted with parallel striations extending the length of the shell; apertural extremity extended into a moderate lengthened neck, bearing a round mout.h; apical end usually roundt3d but occasionally slightly pru tcuded. 
Entire length about .25 mm. 
This species is ve ~y rare i n the Eagle Ford, the only specimen in OLU' collection, being found in Grayson Comity. 
SUBFAMILY NODOSARINAE NODOSARIA CONSORBRINA D' ORBIGNY PLATE III, FIGURES la, lb 
Test smooth, elongate, linear, arcu.ate, tapering, chanbers about as short as tht~y are Nide, slightl y .i.nflated, becurnL-ig more so with growth, rat hcr st·:)11t.. ::i.nd gradually enlarging; sutures are lines of sli.ght constri;::ti.-m, and are str~ight; the i nitial end is deGidedly rounded; apertu.re radiate, ter:ni:1al , eccentric, protruded from terminaJ. charn::ier; shell ca.lcareous, 
so~etirnes rather hyaline. Length usually about 2 rrnn. This species occurs ln the probable Woodbine in 
Travis Cow.ity. 
NODOSA..11 IA FIL IFOH!:TI S D ' ORB I GNY 
PLATE III, FIGUHES 2a, 2b 
Test long, slendar, smooth, clear, somewhat curved; comp.Jsed of a number of oval chambers arranged in linear series and separated by slightly depressed sutures which are sometLne :.> ver-y moderat~ly oblique; chambers increased in length toward the apertural end becoming more than twice as long as wide; aperture t0rminal, radiate and slightly eccentric. 
Length 1.5 mm. to 2 mm. Thi.s species occurs in the probable Woodbi~1e in Travis Co~ty. NODOSARIA co:1.1JNIS D 'ORBIG!JY PLATE IV, FIGUHES 2a, 2b 
Test elongate, taperir1g, somewhat curve.J, smc.l\)th; cu!~:;.io ~::;eJ of numerous charnbers bet!vrning mv rl] in ~lated toward the apical end; aper t •J.r~ t e r :11tnnl , radiate, slightly elJngate and eccentric; sutures oblique. Nodosari,=i_ corrummis diffs1·.s from Nodosaria filiform.is 
in being usually more curved., and always having d.istin(~tly oblique sut1.ires. 
Length about 1 nun. 
This species is found in the probabla Wo odbine in Travis County and also in the lower 3hales of the Eagle Ford in Grayson County. 
NODOSARIA OBLIQUA LINNAEUS PLATE IV, FIGURES la, lb 
Test el•:mgate, slender, taper.ln;3, linear, s ometimes curved, vary.ing in size up to rather large; surface covered with numerous, moderately coarse, longitudinal ribs, a few of which may not be continuous; sut11res appear as restrL:tlons; chambers are somewhat inflated, particularly the later larger ones; the initial chamber is often slightly larger than those immediately following, and it is terminated by a short spine; aperture radiate, terminal, a little eccentric, occurring on a slight pro­tr'..lsion of the final chamber; shell calcareous. 
Length about 2 mm. Nodosaria obliqua was observed only in the probable 'lloodbine in Travis County. CRISTELLARIA GIBBA D'ORBIGNY PLATE V, FIGURES 2a, 2b, 2c 
Test medium sized, calcare0us, entirely involute; chambers not very ntlll1orous, usually about seven or eight are visible, triangular, inflated; sut'...lres are al:11cis t straight, clearly marko d heavy 1ines, depressed, arising from a roW1d, cleat' centrdl node and t erminating 
on the periphery in a noticeable, clear, triangular enlargement, plainly marking previous 9.pertures; periphery carinate, s lightly indented on ea.::11 chamber immediately following the tet"'mi..nation of the s..iture; aperture radiate, located at the extremity of the final 
chambo1"'. 
Diameter usually about .75 wn. 
This species is found in the probable Vloo :.L :..ne in Tra·.,ris County. Here they are smaller than the usual Cristellaria gibba. 
CRISTELLARIA CREP IDULA FICHTEL AND MOLL 
PLATE V, FIGURE 1 
Test elongate or elongate-oval, corJpressed, smooth, transparent; early chambers in spiral arra11gement but :..>Jon chang0 to the linear-oblique; peripheral margin rounded; early sutures not depressed but later ones slightly depressed. 
Length, from • 8 to 3 mm. 
This species is fow1·i in the probable Woodbine in Travis Coanty. 
MARGINULINA REGULA2I S D'ORBIGNY PLATE VI, FIGU~rn 4 Test iJlongate, gently arcuate, tapering; chamber s cor:iparatively few, ful1, ro Lmd, very smooth, first few 
partially coiled; sutures slightly oblique, distinct 
from tht; beginning but becor:iing more and mor e depressed 
toward the oral extremity; walls fragile; aperture marginal, radiate, ro1md, protruding. 
Length up to .7 mm. This species is found in the probable Woodbine in Travis County. FRONDICULARIA PTIO,JE CTA CARSEY PLATE VI, FIGUHE 3 
Test triangular, arrow-shaped, complanate; chambers numerous, bifurcating, except in the apical portion where they show a slight coil and ocour as a projection beyond the rather straight apical edge; sutures are raised ridges and between them are surface ornamentations of small nodes either in lines or scattered; the apical end is broad and the shell tapers toward the apertural end which is poi::J.ted, and whi ch bears at its extremity an apertu.r·e, slightly protruding and of moderate size. 
Length from 1 mm. to 1. 5 rrun. 
Fondicularia projecta was encountered in the upper Eagle Ford at the Austin. Chalk contact in Travis Cou.nty. 
SUBF&aLY POLYMORPHININAE 
POLYMORPHINA LACTEA 1!.'ALKER AND JACOB 
PLATE VI, FIGURES 2a, 2b, 2c 
Test obtusely ovate, slightly unsyrnr:ietrical; chambers few (usually three), smooth, oblique, faintly inflated; sutures distinct, very little depressed; aperture round, radiate. 
Length up to .2 mm. 
The geologic range of this form is very long. It is known to have existed from the Jurassic and is present in our present seas. The only specimen found was in the Eagle Ford in Grayson County. 
FAMILY GLOBIGERININAE 
GLOBIGERINA CRETACEA D'ORBIGNY 
PLATE VI, FIGURES la, lb 
Test rotaliform, comprised of about three whorls all of which are visible from the dorsal side, only the last whorl ls visible on the ven~ral side, dorsal side usually flattened, ventral side depressed toward the c (~ntet'; charnbei."s globular, highly inflated and rapidly enlarging from few very small initial ones; suturds much depressed; shell coarsely perforate, sor:i·3times marked with small projections; aperture in margin of final chamber, opening into un1bi 1 i cal depression. 
Diameter about .5 mm. 
This species is very common in the Eagle Ford and Woodbine and is found in these formations wherever any micro-fauna are found. In Travis County some of the ·nash.ed samples appeared to be about 90 per cent Globigerina 
cre~acea. 
GLOBIGERINA ROSETTA CARSEY 
PLATE VII, FIGURES la, lb, le, ld, le 

Test coiled, flattened to slightly convex with surface of chambers flattened seldom inflated, but occasionally resting at an angle to the dorsal plane causing the anterior margin of each to be slightly raised; sutures sweep from the center and roundly curve on the periphery eiving a subpetaloid appearance, are distinctly marked, slightly broadew~d and frequently ornn:nented by tt1bercles which are coarser toward the center. The periphery, formed by the extremity of the suture.s, is scalloped. or lobed, suhca1--inate and orna­m·~' rlted by fine exct"escences. 'l'tw ventral sid.e is con­vex t i:, prott:'uded with usually only one whorl visibl~ , and the chambers on this si1e a!'e scme Nha t inflated with sutures marked by lines of depression sometimes 
cm:·ving and extending from the periphery to tr1e broad 
umbilicus. Umbilical nnrgin o:' the chnrnbet"s is !nark·~d 
on each by an extended lip; apertures open from the 
chambers in the final whorl into t he re c.: edl rib wnb ili cal 
vestibule; shell very finely perforate. 
The width of the shell varies from .3 rru:. to .7 mm., but the size is usually intermediate. 
This species is moderately c o:;c1011 thJ•0ugllout the Eagle Ford and Woodbine in Travis County. A few speci:nen::; we re found in the ·;;:agle Ford of Grayson County. 
FAJl.HLY RCTALIIDAE 
SUBFA!tlILY ROri:'ALINAE 
DISCORSIS GORRECTA CARSEY 
PLATE VII, FIGURES la, lb 
Test coiled, chambers :rather nurne!'.'ous; dorsal side convex, showing from two to three whorls; v·~n tral side flattened to concave; somewhat wnbllicate, with only one whorl visible; chambers only slightly inflated, final one large but not thickened; sutures plainly marked, curved, often sweeping, depressed; shell calcareous covered with fine perforations. 
Dia.noter varies from about, .3 rrun. t o .'75 ~nrn. 
Thi3 species is f o 1md in the Eagle Ford and Wo0dbi.ae in Travis County. 
DISCORSIS CONICA N. SF. PLATE VIII, FIGURES la, lb, le 
Test very ~nall, round, trochoid, the dorsal face bein3 broadly conical and the ventral face flat; peripher-al margi11 aci...tte; chambers indistinct; shell composed of few whorls, strongly curved, ve,r·y smooth; aperture a narrow arched opening along the edge of the final chamber between the periphery and the umbilicus. 
Only one of these forms were found, the location being the upper shales of the Eagle Ford .in Tra vis County. 
TRUNCATULINA BOULDINI N. SP. PLATE VIII, FIGURES 2c, 2b 
Test coiled, usually small, finely perforate, calcareous, smooth, chambers numerous; dcr·sal slde flat t o con111:L< and having from one to two whorls with oblique sutures w:1ich a~·e somewhat curved; v·..mtral side conical, showing only one whorl; sutures on the ventral side are plain and in n~st instances raised; cha:nbers are eradually enla1~ged; the peripht;r~ ro1.mded. 
Thi;::~ spee i es wa .'; 0l.i.i::: 1· 0c'l ii. the upper shales of the Eagle Ford in Travis County. 1.NO!.'.ii..L IKA SP? Test :;ul.nautiloid, ven·. 
r·al ::_;.Lde convex, dorsal side a dc-pre:·;sed ~o:rire; cLar::bers nurnorou:3, inflatec-: , about one and a half' coiJ s vi~;ible cir; each side; surface 
seer:.~~; tc te finely perforat.ed; sutures are ~;e:d;tbe lines; periphery ro1n1dod; the shell has bee~ replaced b by pyrite and most. of its chr.iractr;;ristics hidden. 
'!'his species we. s foand in the upper Eagle Ford in Grayson Coun~y. ROTALIA cru:'::'ACEA CAR'.3EY PLAT? IX, Jb 
sr.:c,c tb; dorsal. sice slightly convex ::;howi11e-two or threE::: whorls; ventral surfar..:e w.i.th c·nly one vi~;ible whor:. ano qul te convex; char::bors infl<:1.ted and sutures depressed on the ventral side and in the final por.ti c•n of tr•.e c'or:>al r:idE; suturet; clearly marked, usually curvcc~ do:.'sally and straightened ventrr1Jly-; periph0::'r:; 1·:::0undcC.; wnbilic1.:1.l reei.on filled with sl1cll mater::.c.1 w': ,ic:l-1 s orr.ctimcs forms a rounded node lyir.£ 11 1 a f3lig,ht d 0 p1'G . r;i.ci.; aperti.;1~ .:~ is a very narrow slit on the v<:;;n­tral pc.H'tic·n of t.11c i.nncr margin of tre fir:cil ~::egn.cnt; 
shell calcarecu~ . The diametc::· of the shcJ 1 is gene::.·ul ly not over 
This sbei 1 i[: found iE t};e; Eagl r.~ Fonl in Gra;svr" Cour1ty. 
PLATE I 

PLATE I 
Figure 1. Textularia semicomplanata Carsey, x 35. Figure 2. Textu.laria g._obulos8. Ehrer;liE:1·g, (a), 
~ ; -1 ., •. ·i ...
edce v.lew ; (b) , ..-) .._ !. " L ·1. .,. C n t x 40. 
Figure ~· . Tex t,1..1.la~cia gJ.obi f c ru Reuss. FigUl'B 4. Verneuilir•<i v;hitr.f:y.~ l(. Sp., (a), di3!c rteC speciwc~; (b), perfect 
sp ec::..nk r: . 
, ,.. 
.l .. 
PLAT!·~ l. 



2b
1 
2a 



4b
3 
4a 
PLATE II 

PLAT:2 :r 
Figur· e 1. 	G·wd;-~t .i.1m f U iforr:; i ;c: Eerti::.t:l in, (a) , crt~tac<:.· · ~'i..... ~; ::.;pecimsn, x 35; (b) recunt 
Figure 2. 	Lagenu sulcata ~alker and Jacob, (a), cretaceous specimen, x 35; (b) recent speci1rn;:11. 


lb
la 

2b
2a 
PLATE III 

PLATE III 
Figure 1. 	Nodosaria consorbrina d'Orbigny, (a), recent specin~ns; (b) cretaceous specimen, x 55. 
Figure 2. 	Nodosuria filiformis d•Orb:i.gr_y, (a), crctacec·us specimen, x 35; (b) recent speeimcns. 
PLAT:C.: III. 


la 

lb 

la 

lb 
PLATE IV 

PLATS IV 
Figure 1. Nodosaria. obl.iqua Linnaeus, (a), recent speei1nens; (b), cretaceo:rn specimen, x 27. Figu:re 2. Nodosaria conimtmis d 'Orbi gny, (a), cretaceous speci men, x 35. 
PLAT:~ 

la 

lb 

2a 

2b 
PLATE V 

PLATE V 
Figure 1. 	Cristel1aria crepidula Fichte} and Moll, recent specimens. 
Figur e 2. Cristell arie:. gibba d'Orbigny, (a, b), cretucecuE specimens, x 60; (c), recent specimens. 
PLA'?i V 


1 



2b
2a 
2c 
PLATE VI 

PLATE VI 
Figure 1. 	Globigerina cr·e t a cea d'Orbigny, (a), ventral view; (b), dor ~al view, x 35, cretaceous specimens. 
Figure 2. 	Polymorphiria lact.1::ia (Walker and .Jacob), (a, c), side views; (b), apertur al view, x 50. Drawings. 
Figure 3. 	Frondiculari'~ pro jec ta Carsey, x 35. cce t ucec·us speci men. 
Figure 4. 	Marginulino regularis d'Orbigny, x 50. Drawing. 









la 
lb 
2b 2c
2a 


/ 

4
3 
PLATE VII 

PLATE VII  
Figure 1. Figure 2.  Globigerina rosetta Carsey, (a), dorsal; (b), ventr al. x 35. Cretaceous specimens. (c), dorsal; (d) Pe2·ipheral; (e), ventral, x 50. Drawings. Discorbis correcta Co.r sey, (a), dorsal view; (b), ventral. view, x 53. Cretaceous specimen.  




lb
la 



le
ld
le 
2b


PLATZ VIII 

PLATE VIII  
Figure 1. Figu1·e 2.  Discorbis conica N. Sp., (a), dorsal view; (b), vent 1·c..l view; (c), peripheral view. Truncatuliria bou1dini N. Sp., (a), ventral view; (b), dorsal view.  


D
0 
lb 
le 

2b
2a 
PLATE IX 

42 

PLATE  IX  
Figure 1. Figure 2.  Rotalia cretacea Carsey, (a), dorsal view; (b), ventral view, x 53, cretaceous specimen. Lithistid sponge spicules, (a, b), different cretaceous specimens.  

PLATE IX. 



lb 
la 

I 
)~ 
2b
2a 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
Bagg, Rufus M. Jr., "Miocene Forarni r,i fera fror:: the Monterey Shale of California", United States Geo­logical Survey, Bulletin 268, 1905. ~-
Bagg, Rufus M. Jr., "Pliocene and Pleistocene Forarninifera from Southern Californ.ia", United States Geolocical:_ Survey, Bulletin 513, 1912. 
Brady, H. B., Report on the Fora~inifera dredged by H. M. s. Challenger During the Years 1873-167e,; Reports cf the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. s. Challenger, vol. 9. 
Carsey, Dorothy Ogden, "Forarninifera of the Cretaceous of Centro.l Texas", University of Tex~ Bulletin, 2612, 1926.
-
Chapman, Frederick, The Forarninifera, Longrnans, Green and Company, 1~02. ~ 
Conrad, T. A., Descript.ic:ns of Cretaceous and Tertiury Report of the United States and Mexico Boundary Survey,-Vol. I, Part II, 1857. 
Cuslunan, Joseph A., "An Introduction t o the Morpholc,gy and Classification of the Foraminifera", Smithsoni an Institution, United St ates 1\atic1rwl 1'iuselUn, Publi­cation 2824. 
Cushman, Joseph A., "Th11 Fornmiriifer of tr~e Atlanttc Ocean", Smithsonian Instutution, United States Natic:nc:i.l Museum, Bulletin 104. 
Cushrcan, Joser.·h A., "A J,:onogre::iph cf tr"'=: Forarninifera of the North Pacific Ocean", Part~; I, I I, I I I, IV. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Musevn, Bulletin 71, Partr: 1:_~.!.__l~ '/-1922. 
Cushr.1an, Joseph A., "Contritution~ ' fr.:,r; the Cushman Lab­oratory for Foramit,iferc.l Re ::.i::;arch". Vol. I, Par ts 1-3, 1925. 
Cushman, Joseph A., "Foran:iniferH of tho Philirpine au1 ane Adjacent Seas," Smithscnian Institution, United Statt:;:; Natic·ual t.:uscurn, Bul1 d;.i1: 100, vol. 4, 1921. 
44 
45 

Cushman, Joseph A., "The Foran<ir:ifera o f tbe Vela~· CC' Shale of the Tampico Embuyrr.e11t", Bulletin of tl:e American Assoc:'...aticn of Petrclewn Geologists,-~ June, 1926. 
Flint, James M., 0Recent Forami r.ifera," SrJi thsonian Institution," United States Geological Survey, 1699. 
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