30 FOREIGN PRESS REVIEW DAILY SURVEY OF WORLD COMMENT ON THE WAR COMPILED FROM TELEGRAPHIC REPORTS RECEIVED BY THE MINISTRY OF INFORMATION No. 84. ..................2.}r.d..Apr.11------ ··············· 1940 U. S. A: EFFbCT ON FJjU'l.'Ri1.LJ OY GER::.;:i.N SJ.A LOSSES. The view that German naval losses inflicted b.v the R. A. F. and the Royal Navy are certail!. to create a d.eep impression on neutral_ naval experts is expressed in today's N.8ii--:.:-v:ru: H'C::RUJ) TRIBlff!E. -\;riting in this newspaper \;ifalter Lippmann states that the "hold-up for Hitler in Scandinavia has caused a change in the diplomatic weather to Hitler's disadvantage" in the L:uropean capitals, and adds: 11It is now clear that Hitler's stroke in Scandinavia is a partial but by no means a complete success. He is not to have Norway without fightin[:; for it. He has suffered irreparable losses in his navy -a circumstance that is bound to impress the Italian and Japanese navies. 11 The British navy , which o~ the theory of a knock-out blow· was to be sunk ih Scapa Flow because lJorvvay is too nea.i~, has actually gone over to Norw-ay Yvhere it is still near er .to.theGerman air force and is landing an arrrtV in Norway~ 11 Walter Finchell in an article in the rn.::wYORK MIRROR on the German. people's collection of scrap metal as a birthday present for their Leader, declares: "It would have made a lot of people much happier if the gift had been just one little piece of lead. " Referring to the supply of U. S. ·war materials to the Allies ATL!-U'fl'A CONSTITUTION stated: "It is the conlEBnsus of opinion that the rapid acceleration in .American production of fit;hting planes forced Hitler to abandon his plans for a long war of attrition, which he believed he could eventually win, and risk all on such a daring exploit as the invasion of Norway. There can be no doubt that by opening up a new arena of conflict Hitler gave to the British and French navies and armies the best opportunity they have yet had to strike against Germany. rr-di thin a year, it is reliably stated, Ar.1erican factories -;rill be turning out fightint: planes at the rate of several thousand. a month -a production speed which Hitler cannot hope to equal. Even on the cash and carry basis of the United States neutrality law, the Allies, through the use of _!unerican securities held in England and France and. the component lands of the British fed.eration of nations and through gold production and reserve stocks, can continue for several years to buy all the planes and war raaterials that .America can produce for their needs. Thus any Hitlerian hopes of securing supplies from Russia or the Balkan countries sufficient to hold out against the j_llied. blockade until his ener,rl.es are financially worn out must be abandoned. Instead, he turns to a new policy of ruthless war, lashing out at a.ny spot which he considers might develop to Germany's advantage through surprise and strategic value. "H0wever, when Hitler challenges the supremacy of the .'\.llied fleets on the high seas he invites disaster. With !-1.rnerican planes pouring faster and faster into Allied hands his vaunted superiority in the air is also fast disappearing ­if indeed it has not already gone. 11 The stren,-~.thening of neutral re~.istance to Germany vras emphasised in the ;_:,_u~ Al\J'I'ONIO ::::xm~ss which wrote: tr 1Fith British troops in Norway to help that country resist the Nazi invaders, and. vv:i.th Finland.' s heroic example fresh in their minds, Bu.rope 1 s remaining neutrals are taking heart. ·.ri thout exception, they have stiffened their economic and. nolitical resistance to Nazi encroachment and ·warnecn:heaggressors that they are prepared to meet invasion with all their guns and resources. Thus it must be clear to Hitler as he counts the cost of his Nor·.'egian venture that the days of easy victory are over. He must pay heaviJy for any future gains in blood and material. " Library Oniversity of TexMi Austin, Texas FOREIGN PRESS REVIEW DAILY SURVEY OF WORLD COMMENT ON THE WAR COMPILED FROM TELEGRAPHIO REPORTS RECEIVED BY THE MINISTRY OF INFORMATION No. .............................. ~:3'rd··t;:pr:tl""....., 1940 BBLGITJM : NAZI PRECIPI~3 COI'DEl J~D• . \n unusually stronr; attack on l~azi principles is rna.ae today in VOORUIT, the Socialist nevrspaper, printea. in Flernish. ~hough considerable differences of opinion are evident in the 5elgian Press regarding Signor Eussolini' s attitude -the 3T-'u::DAARD, the Flemish Catholic nev1spaper considers that the Duce has not yet reached a decision, and Lu PJ~UPLE emphasises the fact that the §uehrer' s reply to Signor i:ussolini' s telegram proves that Germany . is not satisfied v-lith mere pious hopes for her v-ictory ­VOORUIT is convinced that the axis partners are "hand in glove". Corrunenting en the l.:ESSA~RO's statement that the Italian people "sends her greetings to her ally Tiho is fi5hting for the highest principles of international justice11 , VOOR1JIT declares: " .ihat are these principles? It is only a question of might, oppression by force, of slavery, destruction, violation, murder organised by official robbery, inhumanity a.na. barbarism such as the Hiddle _\ges never knew." Referring to Germany's attempts to blockade Britain, the military corres­pondent of XXme SIEClli, the Catholic newspaper, states: "There is one blockade which has completely failed.namely the German blockade or l3ritai~ Desl)i te 1 strenuous effarts w:i. th various arr.:s, British tonnage d.estroyed is so insignificant that the threat has completely disaweared." The va-i ter proceeds to show how each vreapon of the German blocks.de has been met and rendered ineffective by Allied counter measures. On the question of submarines he adds: "The relative inaction of German submarines during the Norwegian crisis proves that their flotillas have suffered. heavy losses which have not been made good." SWITZERLAND: HITUR'S GOOD TURN FOR THE -~lLLr£S. Germany made a strategic error when she invaded. l'Jorvray and. did Britain a c;ood. turn. ~:his is the key-note of comnent -,,hich appears in today's GAZETTJ3 DB LAUS.AIIT;E, the Liberal ne\Yspaper, vbich Yrrites: "Hitler's Norv1egian adventure has suddenly transformed. Germany's favourable situation. Germany has lost at the lowest estimate the ereater part of her light cruisers, one-third of her heavy cruisers, both battle-ships, one-third. of her destroyers and. numerous submarines. ·;,"i thout appreciable loss~ the Britiah fleet has Cleciitated her aaversary. ri'l'he second consequence is that by occupying Denmark and. N0 rvva.y the Reich has closed neutral territorial vva.ters of which she was the sole beneficiary. With the imminent fall of Narvik Germany loses her chief iron-ore route, and any action against Sweden ·will completely cut off supplies. "The third and gravest consequence is the liberation of the l'l'r anco-British fleet to intervene ·wherever necessary. By her ovm action Germany has turned a really advantageous strategic situation to her m-m detriment." FOREIGN PRESS REVIEW DAILY SURVEY OF WORLD COMMENT ON THE WAR COMPILED FROM TELEGRAPHIC REPORTS RECETVED BY THE MINISTRY OF INFORMATION 84 23rd April, ....................................................................., 1940 No. GERIIA.NY : AT'I'El'fi'IOH DI£CT::~D Tff.71.JIDS S.E.EUROPE. The German Press, having y;ritten off Scandinavia as a Nazi "success", has in part turned its at ~ention to South Eastern Europe, where the Allies are depicted as plotting against the independence of the Danubian countries, exactly as they were accused a fortnight ago of planning the destruction of Scandinavia's liberties.___., The German view· is reflected in a leading article in the BERLINER BOERSEN ZEITUNG, written by Karl Eegerle, the newspaper's diplomatic correspondent and a recognised mouthpj (~Ge of the German Foreign Office. Liberally sprinkle,J. y;ith typical Nazi .allegations against the Allies, the article, which was headed ulfow the Bn.lkans?", stated: "The Balkan countries are in a state of terror and unresc · a s a result of the war propaganda launched by England and France, in order to create a demand for their preventive assistance. In turn, every state is shovm to be threatened either by Germany, Russia or Italy. No doubt an attempt will be made to effect a psychological and propagandist short­circuit of S0uth Eastern reasonableness? with events in Scandinavia, and to make capital out of sympathy and fear in order to bring finally into action that process of alliances, guarantees and blockade measures which has not worked up· to the present. Herr Chamberlain at-Cern~-:ited. in the House of Conm1ons to represent the discuss­ions with the British Balkan Envoys as quite harmless. It is, ho-r:e-v-er, \11ovm J.;.i1at these discussions just as in the cC'.se of the attack on Nbrrray, were one of the results of the new activity decided U:ed to 20/4 ::: 114,500 tons. Sunk Oj'.' scuttled to 13/L!-::: 250,000 tons. Reported by H.M. Submarines since 13/4 = 309000 tons. Presumed lost at Narvik ::: 529000 tons. Sunk off Sweden possibly mined = 42 500 tons. 4519000 Note. The sinking of the "RIO de JANEIRO" last week was attributed to a British Submarine but it now appears this feat should have been credited to Polish S/M "ORZEL". Convoys:­ Up to noon Wednesday 17th April, 17,746 British~ Allied and Neutral Vessels had been escorted in British Convoys with a loss of 29 Ships that is a loss ratio of one in 612. During the week no ships were lost in convoy. Of 2,830 Neutrals convoyed to date only 3 have been lost being one in 943. CORRECTIONS TO LAST WEEKLY REPORT. In list of Neutral Ships the "INEZ" (Swedish) 310 tons has since been corrected to "INES" of ~-8 tons. The "STANCLIFP.E" 4511 tons (BPitish) vvas sunk by U-boat on 12/4 but information concerning this loss was not received until Tuesday 16th after issue of last week's list. ADMIRALTY, s.w.1. FRENCH OFFICIAL cmJj:JJ}TIQUB (Morning. ) The following official communique \Vas issued from French G.H. Q. t his Tuesday morning:­ NOTHI NG TO REPORT. 23/4/40 No. 4, P R E S S N 0 T I__Q__] It is now possible, from the ~reliminary reports of surviving officers of H.M. s. HJ\.RDY, to give in. some detail the account of the attack on GeJ>man forces in Ne.rvik by the Second Destroyer Flotilla on April 10th, 1940. On the 1..1.fternoon of April 9th, 191-i-O, the Second Destroyer Flotilla consisting of' H.M. Destroyers Hli.RDY, HOTSPUR, HOSTILE, HAVOCK and HUNTER were between the south-west end of the Lofoten Islands and the ma.inland of Norway. The sea between the. Lofoten Islands and the Norwegian coast is cRlled West Fiord. It is nearly 60 miles long. Wide at the entrance it narrows to a channel less than two miles wide4 West Fiord leads into Ofot Fiord, towards the head of which lies Narvik, with the small but deep Rombaks Fiord beyond the harbour. From West Fiord to Ofot Fiord ships have to pass through a channel nearly fifteen miles long and less than two miles wide, with high land on either side. It is an approach which is easy enough in daylight with good visibility, but a passage not lightly to be unde~taken at night in a heavy snow­storm, with strong enemy forces in the vicinity. At 4 Po mo on AJ?ril 9th H. M. S. HARDY, the Flotilla leader, (Captain Warburton-Lee) apDroached Tranoy, a Norwegian pilot station near the. head· of West Fiord, and landed two officers to seek inf'ormation. Thus it was learnt that Narvik was strongly held by the Germans and tnat there were in Ofot Fiord at least six German destroyers larger and more powerful than H.M.S. HARDY and her consorts. This intelligence was communicated to the Admiralty. The Admiralty thought an attack on Narvik by the Second Destroyer Flotilla in face of these strong German forces so hazardous that at 1 a.m. on April 10th Captain Warburton-Lee was told that he must be the sole 1judge of whether to attack or not, and that the Admiralty would support him whatever hap1)ened, Captain Warburton­Lee replied that he intended to attack at dawn high water. At 3 a. m. on April 10th, H, M. Destroyers HARDY, HOTSPUR, HOSTILE, HAVOCK and HUNTER ceased their• i)atrol in West Fiord and proceeded into the narrow channel leading into Ofot Fiord. There was a slight East wind. Tt was misty and snmving heavily. Visibility was so low that fog lights had to be used to enable the ships to keep in touch with one another. H.M.S. HARDY led the flotilla. The narrative of one of her officers states: "We never saw either side of the fiord at all, except early, when we nearly hit it on'1e",. The passage was, however, su~cessfully accomplished, and about 4.30 a9m. the flotilla was off Narvik. With the other destroyers patrolling outside, H.M.S. HARDY entered Narvik harbour alone. At first nothing but a mer-chant ship near the ent!'ance could be seen. When H.L'l.S. HARDY had passed the ship, however, a mass of other shi:p·)ing came into view including a large German destroyer. H.M.S. HARDY at once turned to port and fired torpedoes, at the same time increasing speed to 20 knots. As H.M.S. HARDY was swinging under helm tvro more large German destroyers came into view. Torpedoes were fired at them and H.M.S. HARDY op~ned fire with her guns. At that moment there was a loud explosion and a sheet of red flrune from the first German destroyer, and thousands of rounds of tracer arnrnuniti~n began to go off in the air, looking like bright stars. One of H.M.S. HARDY 1s torpedoes had found its mark and one of the enemy ships had been accounted for. /Hotly ··' -2 ­ Hotly engaged by two German shi1)s of superior 31.ln-power9 and also IJy gui;is mounted ashorie 9 and having fired her torpedoes 9 . H.M.s. HARDY withdrew, and the other British destroyers went in to the attack. Their torpedoes made havoc among the Ger~an supply ships and transports, and the German destroyers were . hit by gunfire. Then H.M.S. HARDY attacked again. She was at once heavily engaged ·by the shore batteries and the heavier guns · of the two remaining German destroyers in the harbour. Again H.M. S. HARDY withdreW 9 and the other British destroyers attacked in turn, hammering at the German destroyers and batteries 9 which quickly ceased fire, so that it was thought that all opposition had been broken. This time 9 as H.M.S. HARDY withdrew 9 six torpedoes passed close to her. H.-M.S. HARDY led a third attack9 but, as she withdrew from this she sighted three large German destroyers steaming towards heI' from the direction of Rombaks Fiord. The signal to withdraw was at once' made 9 and speed was increased to 30 ~{nots. At the same time H.M.S. HARDY opened fire on the leading German ships. The German ships were firing at H.M.S. HP-J.IDY. As H.M.S. HARDY9 leading the flotilla,tm:>ned down the fiord, two more large German destroyers were sighted ahead. Action was at once joined. H.1LS. F.J1.RDY was hit almost immediately by the heavier shells of the German ships. (The German destroyers of the ROEDER class mount five 5 inch guns as against the five 4.7 inch cuns of H.M.S. HAHDY and the four 4.7 inch guns of the otheI' BJ:>itish destroyers engaged.) The bridge of H.M. S. HARDY was hit and .reduced to a shambles. Captain Warburton-Lee was mortally wounded. The only man on the bridge who was not killed or rendered unconscious was the Captain's Secretary9 Paymaster Lieutenant Stanning9 and his left foot was useless. Aft 9 the First Lieutenant 9 Lieutenant­Commander Mansell 9 was keeping the remaining guns in action. Realising that the ship was still steaming fast and without anybody at the helm9 Paymaster Lieutenant Stanning dI'agged himself to the wheelhouse. It was a shambles and there was nobody alive, so Paymaster Lieutenant Stanning took the wheel himself and steered the· ship9 looking through a shell hole. Soon afterwa1:>ds an able seaman appeared. Paymaster' Lieutenant Stanning turned the wheel over to him and made his way back to the bridge, where he took charge of the ship. He had no idea of what was happening aft 9 but he has I'eported that he had a vague id.ea of Pamming the enemy, who were now ab;'.'east of H.M.S. HARDY and firing almost point blank. At that moment, however ·a shell struck H.M.S.HARDY in the engine room. Steam escaped and the vessel at once began to lose way. Paymaster Lieutenant Stanning then put the helm over to beach the ship in order to save life. By the time H.M.S. HARDY grounded she was practically stopped. One gun was still in action9 and the ship was under heavy fire at short Pange. · · Meanwhile H.M.S. HUNTER had been sunk and H.M.S. HOTSPUR and H.M.S. HOSTILE had. suffered. damage. The Germans, however, were by no means unscathP.d. In addition to six supply ships sunk in Narvik harbour and. the German destroyer t orpedoed by H.M.s. HAHDY 9 three of the other Ger man destroyer's had been heavily hit and were seriously on fire. The enem;y made no attempt to pursue the remaining Dritish d.estroyers 9 and these sank the German ammunition ship RAVENSFELD on their way down the Piord. / The 3, 'rhe ship's company of H.lLS4 HARDY 9 ~mde:il. the command of Lieutenant-Commander Mansell, the first Lieutenant, were endeavouring to abandon ship under fire. This was no easy matter, as the only remaining boat proved unseaworthy, and there were many badly wounded. The German destroyers 9 however 9 soon drew off. Captain Warburton Lee was lashed in a stretcher and lowered into the water. He was towed ashore byMr. McCracken, the Gunner 9 and one roating, but he was dead when they reached the shore. Thcr•e were several wooden houses about half a mile from the shore 9 and tho srn."'vivors distributed them­selves among these for warmth and shcl"i:;er. '11he majority wont to the house of a Mros. Christanscn, where about eighty men huddled together trying to restore their circulation. Mrs. Christansen and her daughter distributed food and all the clohhes they had. Surgeon Lieutenant Waind 9 himself wounded, did what he could for the vYoui1ded 9 the bearing of whom was very courageous. ParticulaI•ly w213 this so in the case of Able See.man Bailey 9 who, half' frozei1 with cold and with one hand. shot off, sat for one and a half hours and never once murmured. The first consideration was to get help for the wolmded. A Norwegian succeeded in getting an ambulance from Ballangcr, a small tmvn fifteen miles away on the south side of Ofot :b'iord, which took some of the wounded. Othors were lashed on to a sledge and dragc;ed into BallangoI' " Por the greater part of thG way the road was nothing but a rutted track full of holes. It must have caused groat pain to tho woundu d, but th0y bore thoir sufferings with tho greatest fortitudc. Ahle Seaman Clark 'NI.ls particularly courageous. Chief Stoker Styles, who had been v0ry seriously ·wounded and had been brought ashore by Lieutenant Commander Mansell and Stoker Petty Officer .Carey, died of his injuries and was buried under the snow. On their way to Balle.ngcr tho Sl..U"'vivors of H.M. s. HARDY fell in with British merchant seamen from the NORTH CORNWAI,L. This ship had been captured by tho Germans the day before and the crew made prisoners on board a German supply ship in Narvik ho~boui~, but they had been released during the action9 when tho supply ship9 among others, was sunk. At Ballanger the British survivors made contact with tho l'Torvvegians 9 re-organised, and consolidated, They were taken off by II.LL S. IVAf\THO:.~ on April 13th, o.ftcr H,M,S. WARSPIT:'-~ and other British naval :forces had accounted for the whole of the German naval forces in F2rvik and Rombaks Fiord. ArnURALTY. 23rd April, 1940~ 23RD APRIL, 1940, N0,5, M.A.F, 2059 MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE ANNOUNCEf.iENT GROW VEGETABLES TO STORE Occupiers of ~llotments and private gardens are again reminded of the importance of growing, as far as possible, crops that can be stored for use next winter; such as onions and carrots, It has to be remembered that every year we import into this country some 4! million cwt, of onions ­about twelve times the quantity we grow ourselves -and from 3 to 4 thousand Qwt, of carrots. These supplies cannot be relied upon in war-time, and the matter should receive immediate attention. The time is already late for sowing onions for storing, and carrots should be sown this month• Choose late-keeping varieties in each.case and the flat types of onion, which are the most suitable. .. 23rd April, 1940. No. 7. MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE WEgKLY NEWS SERVICE N0.33. ·Two Million Acres And The Men Who Ploughed It. Two million acres of additional ploughland are now a virtual certainty. The objective may even lrn.ve been reached already. It has been an astonishing achievement on the part of the ~armers and ploughing contractors, all things considered, but, in the hour of triumph, special thanks must be given to the :rarm workers and tractor driverso Without their never failing goodwill, their readiness to work long hours, often in bitter weather and in the darkness and on Sundays in many cases, the ploughing campaign could never have succeeded. Representatives of all political parties paid tribute to them when Lord Denham moved the second reading of the Agricultural Wages Bill in the House of Lords last week.· It was a tribute fully earned•. Lord Denham made an important point when speaking on this Bill which, in principle, all the political parties have endorsed. He pointed out that not only have representatives of the Agricult.ural Workers' Union often emphasised their willingness to help in any seheme to secure the farmers a square deal; they have gone farther and stood always for fair prices for the farmers. They have pressed this policy upon the ·rrade Uni on Congress with eventual success..• Speaking later in the week at the annual Conference of Rural Community Councils, Lord Denham again referred to the wages question and said: "If our grow more food campaign is to be a success, we must give our agricultural workers better wages." x x x x MEND THE MACHINERY BEFORE IT BREAKS. As the implement trade knows only too well, the opening of the hay-making season usually synchronises with a sudden and urgent cry for 11 spares". Even in ·peace time such demands often cannot be met by return of post. In wartime, of course, the position is much worse. 1. It 1s theref ore more necessary than ever that farmers should really carry out the good resolutions they made last year and loolc to their implements without delay. Any machine that breal{S down is a nuisance, but a brolcen mower or binc1er can be a tragedy, and these machines need more care:f'ul inspection than most. The following are some of the points to check up with mowe~s. Loose, worn or broken sections of the knife bar should obviously be replaced by new blades and the f'ingers tightened and aligned. The knife bar should have a forward rake, for if it lags baok it will not cut ?roperly. This can be adjusted at the hinge. See that the connecting rod bearings are sound. Replace wo:t>n pawls in the wheels, for if they are allowed to go too far they cause excessive wear of the teeth inside the hub, and a new hub is expensive. See that the gear wheels mesh properly, especially the bevel wheels. Where the bearings are worn, the wheels can be made to mesh properly by the judicious use of packing and washers. It pays also to clean off the calced oil and dust with paraffin, for this often hides a cracked casting that might break during use. x x x x x x LABOUR CLUBS FOR THE LAND. Labour is the most essential factor limiting food produc~ion and in spite of the very low age for agriculture as a reserved occu~ation it is inevitable that farmers will have to make use of a certain amount of labour less skilled than they would wish. Much voluntary help was forthcoming last .llarvest and was appreciated by farmers. In this respect the activities of the Voluntary Labour Club, formed at Altrincham on 27th Septembe.l' last, are worthy of public notice. Up to the end of March the Club was responsible for 340 man-qe.ys1 work. Members are recruited chiefly f'rom men with indoor occu9ations who visit farms at the invitation of the farmers t:) do They meet on Sundays, v·i th bicycles and sandwiches, in the Old Market Plaee, Alt rincham, at 8.55 a.m. Worl{ generally ceases at 5 p.m. It is hoped to arrange -v.·ork on Saturday afternoons also in the summer. Farmers are asked to make reasonable payment, but all money earned is given to charity after deducting expenses o Previous ·agricultural experience is not necessary, but the club has an expert honorary advisoro x x x x x x ORDER RICK COVERS NOW. Farmers are urged to place .their orders NOW for any additional covers they may require for hay and corn stacks. The usual supplies of covers may not be so readily obtainable as in peace time; so, to avoid disappointment later in the .season, farmers are stronsly advised to overhaul ·existing covers and malrn immediate arrangements for replacements and additions. Apart from ·water-proofed cotton and jute covers, sisal paper, properly held dovm, may meet some requirements under existing conditions; the value of old sail cloth, often available at fishing villages, anc"1. similar second hand material should not be overlool{ed. · x x x x x x This year is likely to see a considerable increase in the acr eage of roots. We should mal{e the most of them, for they ·pill be replacing imported feeding-stuffs that money cannot buy. To do so on a large scale liberal all round manuring is essential. Forty tons of mangolds per acre are not an exceptional cro~ and greater yields csn be obtained by going all out for the maximum and cultivating a small rather than a large acreage and doing it tho~ughly 1•rell. Dung should have been ploughed in, 10 to 20 tons per acre. It not only provides a continuous supply of plant food from itself, but also liberates still more by promoting decay of the turf. If no dung or only a light dre~sing has been appli~d, the folloi.1ring mixture of artit"icial 'fertilisers is suitable: ­ 3 cvrt. sulphate of armnonia ~ 3 " super phosphate ~ per acre 2 " potash salts ~'.% ) '7ith a heavy dressing of dung, half the above q_uantity would suffice and in all cases ra ' her less nitrogen for swedes · and turnips than for mangolds. Fertilise~s should be harrowed in to the seedbed before drilling. Basic Slag (4 -5 cwt) can take the place of the superphosphate but then the sulphate of ammonia would have to be applied se1Jarately or repl. ced in the mixture by nitrate of soda. There is another crop ''Vorth consideration by those Vltho can spare a bit of land -car·:ots. They are likely to be in deinand for human consumption and stock will revel in any left over. They can be grown 'Vi thout much manure and 10 -12 tons per acre is an average crop. Seed is drilled thinly, 4-6 lb. per acre in Uay and June and thinning is no'-, usually dispensed 1vith. Incidentally, late sowing and no singling are safeguards against car·rot fly. x x x x x CRJmIT FOR F~TILIS'':Rs. Farmers are reminded that the nitrogenous fertilisers, which it is so important that they apply to corn crops not 4. later than the midc!_le of May, come uncler the Agricultural Reguisites 41.ssistance Scheme, anci so in suitable cases they may 'be o'btained on credit thrc:iu!Sh the County ·~var Agricultural Commit tees. Payment for fertilisers acquired. under this scheme would be expected at a reasonable time after the resultinb corfi crops have been harvested and sold. x x x x REMEJvIBER TEE. HORSE. Horse verSlls tractor is a favourite argument for agricultural debating societieso But on the farm horse and tractor are more often allieso \~·hile the demands of the ploughing-out campaign have nece£sitated the immediate use of more tractors, simultaneously there has been an increased demand for the horse. Nor is this demand confined to the farm; military requirements and that of general hauliers a;1.cl di stributors of goods must also be satisfied. It is desirable, therefore, to mate as many suitable mares as are availableo In many parts of the country ~forse Breeaing Societies, the subscriptions to Vihich are more or less nominal, serve the demands of farmers by hiring suitable sires; Masters of Fo-'.hounds and i.Iunts also play o. valuable part by putting sires at the disposal of farmers in their countyo Although at the moment tne provision of grants by the Ministry of Agriculture to approved societies has been suspended, all stallions travelled for service, whether of light or heavy breeds, are still licensed by the Ministryo Dujcy On_~ar·m Tractors To Be Removedo ·:..·~1e import duty on track-laying tractors will snortly be lifted.a 'l'he President of the Boarcl of 'l'rade announced in the House of Commons yesterday, 23rd /1.pril that arrangements are about to be m.ade to enable trac?:.-lay ing tractors for agricultural use to be imported free of customs duty, subject to certain conaitionso 5o !Q_l!Q'.£_~0ILING SWILL -£10. Farmers are reminded of the :necess.i ty of boiling swill before feeding it to pigs. Not only is this in their own interest, as a safeguard against the transmission of disease, but it is the law. A farmer was recently fined £10 and costs in :-local court for feedinc unboiled s·v.rill to "1i s pigs. ' 6. _,_ '• , ' I t,· .11 23/4/40 MR. KENNETH LINDSAY o.n "THE PROBLEMS OF YOUTH" Mr. Kenneth Lindsay, Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Education, and Chairman of the National Youth Committee, this morning addressed a conference of the Industrial Welfare Society on "Problems of Youth"... The Chairman was the Rev.. Robert Hydeo Mr. Lindsay said that there wore 3,000,000 young British citizens in industry a~d conunerce between the ages of 14 and 20. Less than 50,000 attended any part-time day education, und these were mainly in engineering, printing, building and allied trades. For hundreds of thousands of young people work was mechanised and monotonous and of no educational value. Sho:•tcr hours and better welfar e conditions had generally been attained. But much more was wantedo The National Youth Cormnittee was a~pointcd by the Government to t ackle this problem. In five months some 200 Local Youth Committees had been formed, It was their task to bring together all the agencj.es end forces working for the welfare of youth. It was idle to think that training or education could be dove-tailed into the actual work as far as thousands of young people were concerned. They needed above everything else correctivee; they needed physical recro~tion and games, creative and imaginative outlets 9 contact with the elemental forces of nature, some community l j_fe and also the chance to be alone. In addition they were growing citizens. Any movement for youth in this count :i:y must re-create a love for the soil, the tongue and the traditions of our land: it must, therefore , be firmly rooted in local genius and patriotism. Young peopJ.e must feel that they belong: this means that we must take youth more seriously. We must make far more social provision for them and also make much greater demands on their service. It is pain~~lly true that thousands of young people can grow up, without any i•eal knowledge of our ovm history arrl with no faith in Christian civilization. This is not the fault of the schools, it is the result of devitalised leadership, city life and cheap') soft amusement. We might well borrow something from the training of a young sailor or airman and incorporateit in the social trsinj_ng for all our youth. Every democratic country in the world would r ejoice to know that this had happened. +++++++++++++ BOARD OF EDU.C!!_!;E_O~~. 10.. AIR MINISTRY BULLETIN NO. 588 23/4/40. -ro• . .. ... The Air Mi~1istry announces! R.A.F. aircraf t carried out further attacks on enemy air b ases in Norway and Denraark during l ast (Monday) night. Aerodromes at Kjeller and Fornebu near Oslo were bombed. Incendiary bombs were seen to start a l arge fire at Fornebu. Aalborg was also further attacked. The German claims that rour British aircraft wel"e shot clown dur•ing last night 1 s operations are false one British aircraft only has f aiJ.ed to return. £JR AFFAIRS I/ GALLIPOLI AND ANZAC DAY, APRIL 25TH, 1940. List of times allocated for official representatives to attend at the Cenotaph on 25th April, for the purpose of l aying wreaths. 1 • 10. 10 a.m. Hon. ·.J. cT . Jordan 9 Hic:;h Crn:1rnissioner for New Zealand on behalf of the New Zealand Forceso 2. 1o. 20 o.. i11. Field Marshal Lord Birdwood, G.C.B., G.c.s.r., J..C. L'I.G. 9 G.C.V.0. 9 C.I.I:., D.C.L. 9 LL.D., on behalf of the Indian Army. 10.30 a.rn. Rt.Hon. 8. ·;.1. Bruce, P. C., C.H., M. C., High Commissioner :ror Australia on behalf of the Austro.lian 11orces. 10.40 a.m. General ·::ir Ian S. M. Hrn:nilton 9 G. C. B. , G. C. M. G. 9 D. s. o. , T. D. , on behalf of the British nnpire Service League. 10.50 n.in. General A. Lelong, c.v.o., French Military Attache on bchGJ.f' of the Prc:nch .Army and Navy of the Co1...:ps :bxJ;:icdit :Lonnnire d' Orient. 6. 11 a.m. The Officer representins the Merchant Navy. 11 • 1 O a. 1n. The Officer representing the Royal Novy. 8. 11 . 20 a . ff1. Genersl ~ir Beauvoir de Lisle, R. C. B., K. C. M.G. , D. s. o. , on behalf of the 29t~ Division. Time t o be General Sir \~lter P. Brai thwaite , G.C.B. ~ notified on behalf' of' the Army Council and the Bri tish late1.... Army. THE WAR OFFICE . LONDON .s .W .l . 23rd April 1940. 23/4/!+0 ... No, .Jk_ PRESS , NOTICE Tbe Depot for Knitted Garments for the Royal Navy is moving to larger premises, at 97 Eaton Square, s.w.1. Will those helpers who have parcels rea:dY: to post to the Depot please retain them until after Monday next, April 29t~ This Will avoid confusion while the offices are being moved to the new address. ADMIRALTY, WHITEHALL, s, w. 23/4/40 -No,13. BUDG:CT SPEZCH by SIR JOHN SIMON , CllANCELI_,OR OP THE EXCHEQUER in the HOUSE OF COMMONS, April 2) rd, 1940. The following summary of poipts in the Chancellor's Speechis placed at the disposal of the Press by the Press Bureau: Sir John Simon said: ­ Seven months ago in the abnormal conditions which existed at that time, it could not be expected that figures of expenditure could be very precisely foretold. As regards expenditure, all I could do was to add to the total of expenditure already approved a round sum of £500,000,000 vote of credit. I warned the Committee that it was uncertain whether this f irst vote of credit would be sufficient to cover all our new expenditure to the end of the yearo This first vote of credit has been underspent by £91,50010000 This was a saving under various heads in last year's expenditure amounting as a whole to £116,500,000. TH~ ·:{EVENUE ESTIMA'I1E OF £995, 000 ,OOO ODD HAD BEEN EXC:CBDED IN FACT BY £54,000,000 OVER £1,ooo,ooo A WEEK. THIS ViAS A MOST HEARTEJ.\ilNG RESULT, The estimate of last September both for Income and Surtax, had been fulfilled practically precisely. I know from many letters I have received on this subject that these direct tax-payers have made a very special effort to comply with the request for payment. An invalid tax-payer, living in the North, in the snowy days of January sent his tax -in this case it amounted to some £13 ­by the hand of his wife, in the rough weather, on foot, to the office of the collector in a town several miles away. He wrote to me the neJ(t day in a $tate of some distress as he had found, in spite of his efforts to pay, the lady arrived after the office was closed. £390 Jooo,ooo HAD BEEN PRODUCED BY INCOME-TAX IN A SINGLE YEAR. THIS VIAS THE LARGEST AMOUNT TliAT INCOME-TAX HAS EVER YIELDED IN A SINGLE YE!.R. In the first year of the last War the total was £59,000,000. -2 ­ Last year's Surtax produced £69,750,000: Surtnx in 1914-15 produce& £10,000,000. Customs and Excise produced £400 7000,000 -£27,500,000 more than the estimate. The surplus was chiefly due to exceptionally large yieldsfrom articles on which duty was increased in the last budget •. Tobacco had produced £9,700,000 more Revenue, spirits£1,700,000 more. Sugar £4,600,000 more. Beer £750,000 more. When a year ago I ~entured to increase the licence on the motor oar horse-power, there were many who prophesied that I should suffer. In my war budzet, I put down as my estimated yield from the horse-power tax £22,ooo,ooo. In fact it has produced £34,00o,ooo. On private motor cars the receipts for the first three months of this year were over £10,500,000. Th~ net receipts from the Post Offic~ had shown a dro~. WE HAVE SPENT IN THE YEAR £1,817,000,000. WE HAVE FOUND OUT OF REVENUE £1,049,000,000 AND WE HAVE BORROWED THE REST --£768 ,OOO ,000 The national debt had increased to £8,931,000,000, £122,000,000 was received last year for the new SavingsCertificates and Defence Bonds, Amounts received from Certificates and Defence Bonds exceeded the amount to be repaid by £109,000,000, Of the loan of £350 ,ooo ,ooo, £245 ,ooo ,ooo was converted in the Two Per Cent Conversion Loan and £105,000,000 is to be repaidin cash. I enter this new financial year with all its difficulties with the prospect of nearly £100,000,000 as the joint result of the issue of the previous Loan and the dealing with the 4t Per Cent Loan. WAR COST TO DATE. IN THE FIRST SEVEN MONTHS OF 1rIIE WAR EXPENDITURE FOR WAR PURPOSES WAS £905 ,OOO ,OOO. At that pace, something over £1,500,ooo 1000 would be proportionate for twelve months. I estimate that, by March 31 next year, ·expenditure for war purposes only, would be £2,000,000,000. -3 ­ Apart from the Service Departments, the Ministryof Supply and the Ministry of Shipping, there is no reason, even in war time why a fairly complete analysis of expenditure of other Departments should not be given. · · It is a very noteworthy fact that we were able to raise our war loan at the rate of three per cent. I am asswningthat in future loans we shall not exceed the levels already established. The fiGUre to be provided for expenditure in the present year is £2,667,000 9 000. The pe6:i;)le of this count1,y, f o.cine; the demand w)j.ich this Budget is bo\lnd to mo.ke, will be ready, for the sake of victory, to accept its burdens provided they are satisfied that every effort is being nw.de to reduce waste. · Huge as this sum is, which I have to provide, it would have been substantially greater had it not been for the strenuous and 12.rgely successful efforts in different Departments to keep expenc1iture down. I have to ask myself what contribution towards this total of £2,667,0001 000 can be provided by the continuance of existing taxation at the present level. Also how much should be contributed by additional imposts. vyhich I find it my duty to propose. IP THE STANDARD RATE OF' INCOME TAX REMAINED AT LAST YEAR'S FIGURE HE ESTIMATED TR:.T IT WOULD YIELD IN THE CURRENT YEAR £408,000,000. The yield of st arap duties I put at £19,000,000. From National Defence contribution ~nd Excess Profits Tax I estimate a total yield of £70,0001 000, Other Revenue dut ies are ex-pected to produce £1,000, 000.: The total Inland Revenue I therefore estimate ·at £658,ooo,ooo. On ~~e present basis of taxation, on Customs and Excise, estimate £420pOOO,OOO. From motor vehicle duties I estimat e a revenue of £35,000, ooo. In view of war conditions we must postpone the General Revaluation of properties fOl" assossrnent under Schedule A. The rat es at present charged by the Post Office should be made to bear some increase ns a contribution to war e.xpenditure. I sha.11 propose l Ggi slo.tio::J. t;o assist the Export Tracle by improving the conr'li ... inns under which drawback is payable on exported goo•ls .. 4 A second proposal will relate to the mnrgin of preference on Empire sugRr. ~he oo j cct of the legislation will be to make it clear that the l)roscnt Preference will continue until the end of August 1942. The concession, under v-vhich members of H. M, Forces homo on leave arc exemot from motor licence on their own cars or motor cycles for a short period, on pa~nnent of a fee of 10/-for a car and 2/-for a motor cycle, has alrc2dy boon put in force. If, after the war , there emerged a minority of individuals to whom the war had brought nothing but coJ<'ssal fortunes that would be a situation vrhich Parliament could not pass by without effectivc Emd a.-ypropriate action. "L'his is essentially a post-war project and it is the Governments intention to deal with this matter when the time comes. I consider it necessary, by means of additional taxation, to increase tho Revenue. I must look therefore both to direct a.nd indirect taxation, I PROPO'-!E 'TO RAISE THE W~Al':DATID RATE or I NCOME TAX FROM 7/-?O 7/6. Those changes in income tax would moan a very substantial contr•ibution throu.~hout tho scale from one end to the other. It was the heaviest burden of direct taxation that tax payers had over been called upon to bear. The standard rate of tax would have been raj_scd within a single year from 5/-to 7/6. P'hcn Surtax was added, the maximum re.to would run up to 17/-in the £. Nothing on this scale had even been approached before whether in war or peace. These ch.:-inges in income tax will increo.sc the yield in a full year by £61,750,000. I PRO:OO~:C TO PROVIDE IN r:,_ }lE FINANCE BILL THAT SURTAX: FOR THE YEAR 1940-41, THE RATES FOH WH ICH WILL NOT BE LAID DOWN UN'I'IL 1941, CAJ-T BE CHAPGED ON I NCOMES IN EXCESS or £1,500. He Droposcd to add to the existing duties on beer, spirits,tob2cco 9 and. maiches. In the case of beer the increase would be roughlyequivalent to a penny a pint. New duty would take effect from tomorrow, He pro~-:ioscd ci.lso to increase the duties on sp_iri ts by 15/-per proof gallon, This would incre2se the price:; of a bottle of whisky by 1s. 9d. ·-5 ­ 'i'o'b2cco wouJ./.. be :.:r~creo.sed by !j/-c.s from tomorrow. HE ~::STIMATED A YIELD HJ A PULL YEAR OF £70 .,000,000 FROM Tm.-: INCREASE IN TI-L S?IRIT DUTIES AND £23,000 ·' 000 AS A :RESULT OF Tff-:' INCR:':'ASI; HT TOBACCO. The lette:r' r>ate uoulcl. be increasec"'... ~)Y ld. to 2~a.. I must cn11 the Post Office to my c:i.id. I p:r•opose to increase certain initio.l Post Office char.'.jes v1hich will leave the excess rate untouched. The postc<1rd J."ate uould be incr·ensecl from ld. to 2d. I pro:9ose to mak(~ 2, change in the poUJ.10.1'.ge on Posto.l Ora.ers. Inle.nd telephone s.srvice will be increased by fifteen per cent. These increo.ses vvill yield £lOsl-1-00,000 and £11,400,000 in o. full year .. Boxes of mntches vtill be incI'eased ,CJ;'/ ta.. and booklets of twenty, sold at id, will be r0plo.ccd by booklets of thirty, sold at ld. The charge for inlEmd t eleg::.'D.ph ser-,;-j_ces would be increased by 3d. The o.ddi tion2..l charges wouJ.d operate G.s soon as possible. I do not propose to ~ncrease the overseas telegraph and tele~hone charges. The incr·e2se in Post Office chc.r ges, tnl;::en together, were estimated to yi eld £l~y5009000 this ycc.r :::tnd about ClL~,500,000 in a full ~rear. HEW PORi·1I OF TAX ---..---·----.. -----· ­ I also pro~ose n new form of t~x which will bring in substo.ntial ac-;.cli tionc,l revenue. I ~)ro:;>ose to CCJ.11 it the Purchase I1ax. The Iiev1 t e.x v10ulO. be a :9e:t."ce11.tage 011 the price \vhich would be made at the stage whe~1. the wholesal er is selling to the rete.iler. There will be no ~~mrchase t~1.x on food or drink or foodstuffs;· whether for human or animal consumption. A r egister will be cr>eated which will include producers and manufacturerso The r egistered seller would. charzc the Tax to the buyer and would be o.ccountcJ)le for the TG.x. The Ci.at e· c.nd percent2.g.2 :;_-.e.. te of t h e Pu.l"ch2se Tax would not be decided now. The Tax would put no sol"t of obstacle in the vmy of export trade. The very l a r ge sums of money v7hich h2d to be found. to meet the expenses of ·wzi.r necessitate o. nic1-ening of t axation. ! . This form of t ax, if boldly appli8d, is capable 'Of producing a larger ac1c1i tional sum towards our revenue than appears to me to be likely t '.J be drawn from any oths r individual tax. The estimatGd total contribution from revenue is £1,234,000,000. The question was -could. the very large gap of £1,133~000,000 be bridged by borrowing on existing lines,or were there other means? I The N2tional Savings Campaign has had a remarkable success. Already,in the first twenty-one wseks of the movement, a sum of no less than £131,149 9 599 has been invested in Savings Certificates and Defence Bondso In some quarters there has been hesitation in making full use of opportunities for small saving. The ground for this was that if an individual lost his employ­ment •and applied for Un~:imployment Assistance his war savings might be taken into account in determining the amount of assistance to which he would be entitled. I am so concerned to encourage War Savings that I am prepared to see the existing rules governing the application of the Means Test modified so as to remove these objections altogether. The statement I have just made is in line with the advice have redeived from both sides on ths National Advisory Council. I propose to provide far the limitation of dividends paid by public Companies during the war period. A :3ill would propose that public companies should not distribute a greater dividend on ordinary shares than was distributed in one of the three pre-war yearso In order t () make this plan watertight, I propose to prohibit the issue of bonus shares during the Ware This total of £1,234,000,000 which I am seeking to get from revenue this year is a larger figure drawn from taxation than has ever been rais5d in t we lve m8nths in the history of the British Nation. Our financial 1'ront will hold as firmly as every other front in the fight for Victory. N.AVAL CLNADIANS. --------· OFFICBRS IN 1'RAINING. Sommvhere on the South Coast a i1arty of young officers of the Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Reserve is undergoing training with the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve. They are members of the R.C.N.V.R., and as such their pay and allowances are being paid by Canada. They are eager to take their part in the present conflict, and will remain with the Royal Navy until the war is over, after which they will return to their duties in the Dominion. Further batches of young men from Canada are following for similar training. Those now in training are drawn from various walks of life in many parts of Canada, and their offer of service, which was accepted with alacrity by the Admiralty, reflects the comprehensiveness of Canada's response to the call for volunteers -a response that has already produced impressive totals in B.ir and military ~erson.nel. The training of Canadian naval officers with the Royal Navy does not introduce any new principle, All Canada's permanent naval officer personnel has undergone training in the Royal Navy as a matter of course ever since the early days of the Dominion's Navy. Not only so, but many of the officers return periodically to this country :Lor 11 refresher1' courses., while each year a considerable number of Canadian naval ratings is sent to this country for general instruction and sea service, if necess.J.ry, to gain practical experience ­a striking evidence of the close collaboration between Dominion and British Services.. The first selection of' the young men now undergoing trainin0 with the R.N.V.R. wns made from many applications by the Canadian Department of N Sir Cyril Newall~ Sir Dudley Pound and Sir Edmund Ironside. FrancG we.s represented by M. Paul Reynaud1 M. Edouard Daladier, M. Campinchis M. Laurent-Eynac., who were c.ccompanied by M. Leger, M. Baudouin, General Gamelin, Adrairs.l Darlan, General Vuillemin, IVL Corbin and Genere,l Koeltz. Polnnd was represented by General Sikorski and M. Zaleski. Norway was represented by M. Bachke, the Norwegian Minister in Paris. There ws.s n general exchange of views at the meeting on all the political and military problems requiring the close attention of the Allied Governments at the present time in order to ensure the due and timely fulfilment of the undertakings of the Allies and the common defe~ce of their interests against any hostile action. After having considered. all questions relating to the general conduct o: the war the Council reached new decisions designed to guarantee the effective co-operationin all circumstances of the Allies. The Polish P-~esident of the Council assured the SupremeWar Council of the determination with which the Polish Government, Army and people would eontinue to struggle with all their resources, which are at this moment in process of active reorganisation and a.evelopment. The Council expressed greatappreciation of the spirit inspiring these efforts and vrnlcomed the effe~tive contribution that Poland is mn.king to the common cause. The French President of the Council,the British Prime Minister and the Polish President of the Council invited the Norwegian Minister to express to his Government their admiration for the heroic resistance which was being offered to the invader by the people of Norway under the inspiring leadership of their Sovereign, King Haakon VII. The Norwegian Minister conveyed the thanks of his Government for the speed and effectiveness of the help given to his country by the Allied Governments. 10 DOWNING ST.. NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN ANY COUNTRY BEFORE THE MORNING NEWSPAPERS OF WEDNESDAY, APRIL 24, 1940, OR BROADCAST BEFORE 7 a.m. ON THAT DATE. CANADIANS IN NORWAY Reports have appeared in the Press that Canadian units are fighting in Norway. It is authoritatively stated that these reports are 1ncorreotp although there may be individual Canadians serving 1n the B.~.F. in Norway. SOURCE NOT TO BE QUOTED Milita~y Affairs Section, Press and Censorship Bureau. ~·~----~--~~---------------­ J.IR MINIS'l'RY BULLETIN lW. 589 23/4/40 No, 18 MORE ATTACKS ON NAZI AIR BASES (Not to be quoted as an Air Ministry Announcement) The Royal Ai~ Forc e made its first raid on German Air Bases near Oslo l ast (Monday) night, when aircrnft of the Royal Air Force Bomber Command attacked Forncbu and Kjeller Aerodromes, on the outskirts of the Norwegian r:o.pi tal. While these rnids were ' in progress 9 another force of bonfucr o.ircrnft was carrying out an a ttaclc on the Do.:1.ish aer odrome at Ao.lborg, which was heavily bombed for o. third night j_n succession. 'rhe attacks on Fornebu o.nd Kjcller ·rrnro made in the early hours of tM.s i 1orning. 'I'he 1•1ornebu nir base, a recently completed civil acrodroi-:ic to the west of the city, was covered with snow. High explosive and in~endio.ry bombs were dropped on both aerodromes, o.nd a l arge fire was l eft blazing opposite the Hangar buildings at Fornebu. The Ao.lborg raiders mot vri th the :uost severe op;;:iosition yet oncountercd from the ground defences at this aerodrome., The guh, , battcrics hnd obviously been ;rcim-:'or·ccd since the previous night•d raid, and o~ened intense fire~ concentrated over the target a~~a, as each o.ircraft came in to launc_h its et tto.ck. One of our aircraft wo.s hit by o. smo.11 cali.bro shell vvbich struck between the fus~lage nnd one engine no.gelle, but was able to complete its attack nnd return so.felyo Despite the intense opposition,. G.11 atta"'irks were pressed home cmcl a l arge number of heavy bombs rr0.r0 seen to burst on the o.erodrome surface and runwayso Ono of our aircraft has failed to return from the night's operation~~ ·, 23/}JLLtO -No 19, The War Office issues the following communique:­ Operations in Norway are proceeding in co-operation with the Norwegian Forces. Tn the South our troops, in conjunctionwith the Norwegians, are resisting the enemy pressure. North of Trondheim our troops have be~n counter­attacked and a sharp engagement has ensued. 23/4/40 -No.20. THE SECRETARY OF 'rHE ADMIRALTY ANNOUNC~S THE FOLLOWING RESULTS OF THE PASS.ING-OUT.EXAMI NAT.ION OF CADETS :B1ROM 'rHE ROYAL NAVAL COLLEGE, DARTMOUTH. MARCH,1940. H.ESULTS. ALPI!A CLASS. CLASS PRIZE .TIME GAINED. ! j Kane, J. 1. King's Medal Robert Roxbur~h French (Alpha)English (Alpha) Deane, C.E.N. 1 (Science (Alpha)(Engineering (Open) Pooley, J.D. 1 Buller, R.F. 1 Scrymgeour-Weda.erburn~I <' A. 1 (History (Alpha) (Scripture Coulson-Davis, PoF.C. 1 Mathematics (Alpha) Four months Houston, D.A. 1 Duff-Still, P. 1 German Burdett, AGJ.D'A. 1 Acworth, P.C.G. 1 DIVISION II. Greenlees, ReC.C. 1 History (DivoII.) English (Div.II.) ~ Seamanship (bracketed with Cadet Oram) Page, P.H. 1 Foster, L,R.Ro 1 .Javies, J.M.P. 1 (Mathematics (Div.II)(Science (Div.II) ----· ---­ Forrest, R.S. II Evans, M.D. II Cox, D. NeA. II Edwards, P.B. II Kennedy, R. II Prescott, J.R. II Navigation (Open) Two Months Benson, M.G.W. II French (Div.II.) Holloway? D.R. II -2­ PRIZE !TIME GAINED Johnson.~ A. Go II Loarmond~ PoA• II Wilson~ P.S. II l\.eith-·Wright, J .A. II Two M:inths. Lane~ J.Ro II :--.;.:;1~···-...s -·~•'(J"= '"~-;.-________........________________......_.....________.. Milburn, F . M.H. III Howard, H.Eo }II Oram, J . S.K .... III Seamanship(bracketed with Cadet Greenlees) Woodhouse, R.We III Cunl iffe­Owen,D.H. III Boevor 9 J .MoP• III Nil. Littledale ~A.J. III CardewyJ . Bo III Groenwood,A.Ho III Cowlin, J .R.J. III Carey, D.H. III Holloway)) A. G.W. I II No.21, Mr. Duff Cooper sttid that the crimes of Germany in Europe were not only the crimes of a small band of criminals. 1'These 2re the crimes of a whole peo1'Jle and a whole nation" he added. Mr. Duff Cooper commenced his S"Jeech by saying that i1r~ Churchill's voice had been that of on~ crying in the wilderness until the time of tro1J.blo struck England+ He continued by a reference to our young soldiers~sailors and airmen. 11 When I sec the young men going out to fight today1', he said, "I am reminded of younp; men twenty-five years ago going out to battle but I think they are going now in a different mood. "The character remains tho s2.mc "but tho mood is changedJ 11 For the second time in one life they have seen one country drivo the vvhole world into war. "~:heir mood is of bittor rage, of ;:;rim defiG.nce, and of Never again shall the whole of Europe tremble before unalterable determination. 'Never again shall one nation be into war'. Ono slogGn s:;rings allowed to plunrsc to the lips: tho whole world 11 the frowns and menaces of a single man. Never again shall one 1)eople be allowed to build up great armaments -a people who have given so many proofs that they arc not to be trusted with their use. 11Not even the wildest and most fantastic mendacity can lay a particlc of blame for this i:.rc.r U!JOn the shoulders of England or France. 1'The whole guilt is on the should.eris of Germany. "They had hardly cc2sed to protest their guiltlessness of the lo.st war when they rendered themselves guilty of another. 11 They obj ectec~ to the war guiJ. t Clause in the Treaty of Versailles. How much heavier will the indictment be when the next Peace Treaty comes to be writtcnJ "'I'he spectD.cle of Europe today is o.J.one sufficient to give some measure of tho weight of that indictment. "We see the whole of Europe tramblinr; under the terror of the '3Vlastika. Throughout the lands that have been conquered,throughout the lands that are still ncutr2l, there steals the steci.lthy horror of the Gestapo and from every country wher(; :the Gern~n has entered, there arises to heaven the cries of torture from the concontr2.tion camDs. 11 /Mr. Duff Cooper -2 ­ Mr. Duff Cooper mentioned the smnll countries which suffered during the lCLs't w·o..r, o..ncl the smnll countries which have suffered in this war, and when he spoke of Finlnnd's magnificentresistance there were prolonged cheers. Of these small countries he said:­ "They are now learning to their bitter cost what German domination means. But Norway (whose representative I am proud to be sitting by) -now not the least gallant of our Allies -is fighting side by side with us at this very hour to maintain her freedom against the menace that besets her. '~ow these series of crimes, which have made a horror of Europe, are not the crimes of one man; nor .are they the crimes of a small band of criminals. These are the crimes of a whole people -a whole people and a whole nation. "On the last occasion when we defeated the Germans in the field they came grovelling and whining to us afterwards, and protested that the f ault was not theirs but that of the Princes who had fled before the storm. · "It may well be that when once again they are defeated they will come with the same tale and say it was only a sm~ll nurµber of unrepresentative politicians who committed these ~ crimes. "I hope we shall not be deceived again. "Hitler claims that the German people are behind him. am prepared to take him at his word and to l"emember it. "It is dangerous thinking to believe we can drive a wedge in between the Germnn Government and the German people. "When the German people begin to realise they are being defeated they may resist and turn against their government. "But that day will not be brought nearer by soft words or specious promises. "No, we have got to defeat them in battle. It is going to be a formidable, a fearful task. "How-long it may take to accomplish no man can say but victory is certain in the end". We started the war (continued Mr. Duff Cooper) with a command of the sea and no nation with a command of the sea had ever been defeated in a Jreat war. That was eight months ago, and now our command was even more assured. We could get our raw materials. Mr. Duff Cooper added:­ "Most important of all, we ·have our own stout hearts and our own strong arms. Once more St. George is mounted on his charger, and his adversary, his quarry, is the most vile he has ever gone out to destroy -never has the face of Germany assumed so venomous or vile a shape as under the Leadership of this little gang of blood-stained, money-making murderers''. We had (concluded Mr. Duf f Cooper) recognised St. Georgein the city and the countryside, and at the present moment he was going out to battle on sea, on land, in the air, and deep under the oceans; and he would either return with the laurels of victory on his brow or he would sleep well in Q.uty well done with "England" graven on his hearto 23/4/40 -No 23. MR. LEWIS CASSON TO ASSIST NEW COUNCIL The first meeting of the Council for the Encouragementof Music and the Arts (C.E.M.A.) was held to-day at the offices of the Board of Education. Mr. H. Ramsbotham, President of' the Boar·d welcomed both the new Council which, in addition to those originallyannounced, now included Sir Kenneth Clark, and the panel of expert advisers to the Council: -I•,Jr, Lewis Casson, Honorary Adviser in the field of professional c1rama; Dr, George l)\Json and Dr. Reginald Ja~r1ues, Music; Mr. du Garde Peach,Amateur drama; and Mr. W.E.Willinms, Art. Lord Macm).llan, the Chairmo.n outlinei:l the policy of the Council and emphasised the emergency nature of the work as ar war time measure, and expressed the belief that in these dark days and the darker days to come we should find strength through the enjoyraent and practice of the o.rts. He also eJ:pres~ed the gratitude of the Council to the Government for its generosity in making the grant. BOARD OF EDUCATION. The ·war Office, London, s. W. 1 • 23rd April, 1940. MILITARY J~PPOINTMENT. The War Of':fice announces that His Ma jesty The King has been pleased to a)prove of the apjointment of Lieuten~nt-Gencral Sir Ronald Charles, K.Co B. , C.M.G., D.8.0., retired pay, Colonel Commandant, Royal Engineers , as Chief Royal Engineer of the Corps of Royal Engineers, with effect from the 23rd April, 1940, in succession to General Sir Bindon Blood, G. C. B. , G.c.v.o., retired pay, who has resigned. the ap::,,Jointmc:nt. NOTE: -The creation of the Of~ice of Chief Royal Engineer in October, 1936, ros i~ored to the Royal Engineers an old military appointment , originally styled "Chief Engineer of the Kingdom" , which had existed :from the Hcstoration dovm to its abolition in 1802. The holder of the ap~ointment is titular head of the Cor;> S,. and thus speaks with authority on questions of regiment1:1 l importance as does the Master Gurmer, St. James ts Park, in the case of the Royal Artillery. General Sir ' Bindon Blood has been associated with the Corps of Royal Engineers since .1860. He is the senior Colonel Commandant of the Corps. 23/4/46 . .;.· :No. z~ FRENCH OFFICIAL COMMUNIQUE · (Evening ) I :t;.aris, ,Tuesday, April 23, 1940. The following official corrununique was issued this evening from French General · ~a1lquarters:­ Fairly brisk activity of the artillery on both sides between the Moselle and the Blies. Enemy patrols have been repulsed to the west of the Vosges. Exchange of rifle fire along the ban.k;.s of the Rhine. Air Ministry Bulletin No.590. AIR ACTIVITY NEAR VERDUN. Headquarters British Air Forces in France announces:­ Today British and German fighter patrols fought an indecisive action in the neighbourhood of Verdun. One Messerschmitt 110 is believed to have been shot dovm.· One of our aircraft was set on fire by enemy action. The pilot escaped by parachute. AIR AFFAIRS. .. . 23/4/L~O -No. 28.• Not to be broadcast before 7 a.m. Apr.il 24th~ . 'DUKE OF DEVONSHIRE VISITS NEWFOU:NDL/J.'m LOGGERS. Pit Props as Valuable as Rifles. Many of the 2145 Newfoundland loggers brought over to cut pit props in Scottish forests hqve expressed the desire to enlist in the Army when their contracts come to an end, but so vital to the country is their present work that the Government are endeavouring to persuade them to change their minds. There is at present a serious shortage of pit wood in . this country, owing to the reduction of supplies from Scandinavia and the Baltic and shipping difficulties in the way of bringing timber from Canada and Newfoundland. The work of these loggersis essential to the development of home resources as skilled labour in this country is scarce. The Duke of Devonshire, Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for the Dominions, returned to-day from a three day tour of the Newfoundland Forestry Unit in Scotland, during which he explained to the loggers how vitally important was their work to the Empire War effort. In each camp he visited the Duke thanked the loggers personally for the magnificent and prompt way in which they had come to the aid of the Government. He pointed out how supplies of pit wood, so essential to maintain the coal output, had fallen off owing to the war and how Great Britain had to fall back on her own resources. He said that while they were all perfectly free to join up or go back to Newfoundland according to the terms of their contract, yet he hoped they would all stay on. "In war time it is up to each man to do the work for which he is best fitted" the Duke pointed out. There were plenty of men for the army, but they -and only they -could do this vital work which was of the greatest value to the nation at a time when timber was sorely needed for war purposes and labour dif­ficult to obtain. There could be no more serious blow to the Empire war effort than if British coal mines had to work on short time owing to shortage of timber. The Duke said it depended to a large extent on them if this danger was to be averted. The Duke spent much time chatting personally to the loggersand inspected their quarters. He complimented them on their excellent relations with the local people. The loggers came over in five batches, the first of which sailed on December 11th. The men are quartered in some twenty or thirty operating camps, mostly in Scotland. The officer in charge of the unit is Captain Turner, known to every woodsman in Newfoundland and to whose work the Duke of Devonshire paid special tribute•. -----000----­ .DOMINION & COLONIAL AFFAIRS.