FOREIGN PRESS REVIEW DAILY SURVEY OF WORLD COMMENT ON THE WAR ClOMl'ILED FROM TELEGRAPHIO REPORTS RECEIVED BY THE :MINISTRY OF INFORMATION .............15.th..Mar.ch.......................... , 1940 No. 53 SVIITZGRLAND: DIFFICULTi l.;S OF HELP FOR FINLAND. The difficulties in the way of Allied armed assistanee for Finland. are emphasised in a sect ion of toaay• s Swiss Press. The NATION.'>LZBITUNG, the Radical Democratic organ, states: "The ·v/eatern Powers did much and much more would ha.v~ been done had Finland asked for did and Norv1ay and Swed.en facilitated it. It is easy to be wise after the event but the f act is that the sending of an Expeditionary corp::; to Finland would. have been an extremely difficult proceeding. What an outcry there would have been had the Allies even attempted to force a ·way through Nonray or Swec:.en or transports had been sunk by GermD.n mines or submarines on the distant Murmansk coast. It is undoubted that the liestern Powers meant their offer seriously but there is doubt v;hether it would have brought them any nearer to · victory in the long run. " The TRIBUNB DE G~N.::.:v..; states: "Finland will inevitably be drawn into the sphere of the Soviet's influence. She not only knows now by bitter experience that she cannot reckon \'vith the solidcrity of the · Northam nations but she also knows that Germany, who hitherto supported the Finns in their struggle for independence, cynically sacrificed her to her hereditary oppressor. "Since Germn.ny is likely to emerge too exhausted for further adventures the Soviets have nothing to fear from German imperialism. Russian adventures in the Balkans are certain to encounter Italian oppPaition. Red Arrey cadres are cracking every'.rhere and need a long period to re-organise. Zverything leads to the inference that Stalin will rest on his laurels and try to prolong the war until Germany is exhausted." The proposal for a Scandinavian defensive alliance receives a fair measure of support in todlly 1s Swedish Press. DAGENS NYHETLR, referring to the proposal, considers that the experience of the Finnish War shows that the Scandinavian States nust hold together if they are to r et ain their independence. Observator, writing in .AFTOI'$LADET, analyses the Finnish military position and considers that Finland was 9ompelled to accept the peace terms 1n.·,vievv of the Russian landing west of Viborg, the impossibility of accepting Allied help because com.~unications by way of Petsamo were far too unce•·tain and the risk of a Garman landing in Finlana. "The Finnish people must look to the future and create a bigger political combination," adds this p. per, vmich E':Oes on to corcllnend the proposal for a defensive alliance of the Northern States. NYA DAGLIGT A.LiiliHANDA considers that previous mistakes must not be repeated and also supports proposals for a Scc;.ndinavian defensive Alliance. 2 15~ 3. 4D. Under the h ading "German 1-'riumph", SOCIAL DEJDCR\Tb'N refers to German jubilation at the peace treaty and adds later: "The Germans exulted o\rer the fact that, with their help, another small free countrjr has been di~ec'led and mutilated and nm• they expect the entire world, .~nd of course~ especially t he small nations who, still retain their integrity, to burst into pe.negyries of rapture and admiration at the German victory. Does Germany -really believe that no-:>ne outside Dr. Goebbels 1 'Chinese Wa.11 1 is fully conso:Lous that the Allies' military power vvould have sufficed · to extend the front had they really wished to do so? If the Allies wished to pursue the same policy of brutal aggression as the Dictatorship countries, they could do so just as successfullyp but they realise it is more effective in the long run to obtain friends." Concluding, this paper states; "Practically the vmole world is pointing to Germo.ny and saying the Moscm·i peace is their doine;. Do they really regard this as a diplomatic victory;,?" DEHL1ARK: NAZI PRE:J:J T.:J\E!'[ TO TASK. New·spapers vvith Nazi and Communist sympatlhiemre taken to task today by the S6CIALDJ£lvIOI\RJ\.TEN. ·\{riting on the reception by the Press of the Finnish peace1 this paper states:11Deep sympathy with the hard fate which has overtaken Finland as a result of the conclusion of peace has been eJq:>ressed by practically the whole of Scandinavia. There are however a few exceptions. It is Lhe Nazi and the Communist press that make up these dishonourable exceptions. In Demnark there arc t ·do papers which with little rie,ht bear the name FA'l'H ;RLAI'iD and 'i'Hi~ ,;ORJ\'...GRS' £'AP.bH. They adopt peculiar view points whose roots are not to be found. in Nordic soil or in other districts. The DaniE;h Nazi paper only expresses joy at the presumed diploma.tic d.efeat_()f the llestern Powers, The question of the mutilation of a N0 rdic land is for· the Nazi paper merely a matter of which • group of Great Powers has won or lost. The Nazi views on Finland' s trage even although it '~flay be only temporary, for it must be compared to the peace with which she was threatened if she had handed herself over t o the enemy 'fvi thout resistance, "Destined for massacre, destruction and Bolshevisation, she has saved for a time some fragments of independence and she has saved the most preoious of all possessions -honour. "Soviet Russia, on the other hend, comes badly out of this tragic adventure. She has lost military prestige for she has lost 20 battles, saorificed her best troops, her best tanks and her best aeroplanes and her international prestige is weakened•••••.• the French and British Governments had to choose between two policies -either they had to disinterest themselves completely in this war which was taking place outside the sphere of their lebensraum, for after the destruction of the independence of the other Baltic States, it was clearly only an incident in Germano-Russian antagonism, or else they had to attack the invader with all their might in the name of the sacred principles of the League of Nations. ''What they did was to take their stand morally without taking acy effective action. They have let loose in France and England an irresponsible wave of uncontrolled sentimentality which has given way today to a wave of disillumion­ment." The extreme Right Wing paper ACTieN FRANCAISE stated: "T.lj.a responsibility :tbr the Finnish catastrophe, belongs then, in the first pl.ace, to the S"and.ina· vians, but the Allies should.. .have faced the Svandina,,Uans with a fait. aocompJ..i... and should not have waited for a Finnish appeal for help. They should either have insisted on the right of passage through Scandinavian territory or they should have forced a passage at Petsamo. Moreover, the entire world is also responsible for having shown a criminal lack of interest in Finland's heroio martyrdom••••••• "As for us -Great Britain and France -we have missed the best opportll1ity with which this war has so f ar provided us and we must now watehrthe Germano­Soviet triumph in Northern Europe. "At least, let us hope that the lesson will not be lost. Let us dare, let us act and let us act rapidly, without ridiculous consideration for those whose criminal egoism has brought about Finland's defeat and as a first step let us not tolerate the trade in Swedish iron-ore which goes to Germany via the Norvvegian port of Narvik and Norvregian territorial waters.. " PORTUGAL: EVERYBODY LOSES BY RUSSO-FHlNUiH Tffi~ATY. Writil:g in the DI.ARIO DE I~SBOA yesterday, Senhor Carlos Ferrao stated: "It is useless to aisguise the fact that everyone loses 1vith the signing of the Russo-Finnish peace treaty.a .After explaining the disadvantages to Finland, Scandinavia a..n.d Germaey, he continue;d: "The Western Powers have suffered a loss of prestige and their influence among the neutrals is more and more diminished. Ital.J's help so clamourously ~'1.Ilounced, proved ineffectual and the small countries of Europe beheld qnother dieaRtic example that will leave them afresh to meditate when the hour should b-., 0ne of' aecided action." 15. 3. 40. 5 "Gi~RMAN Till:.:ACH8RY. " Germany has been blamed by a large section of the Norwegian Press for Finland's capitulation in her struggle with Russia and one paper did not hesitate to print the phrase 11 German treq.chery." The DAGBIJillBT wrote yesterday: 11 Long before the ifostern Powers could have arrived with help by means of difficult and insecure transport• the gr.eat German war machine would have been on the spot and rolled over the country like an avalanche." After stating that there were grounds for belief that the SvYedish Government's attitude nas greatly influenced by considerations for Germaey, the NORG;~S JIAI:DBLS OG SJOFARTSTIDENDT~ added: "The chief responsibility for what has happened. falls on those '!!ho concluded the pact by which G.crmany gave the f3oviet a free hand. to entrench itself in the Baltic countries and so actually gave it the domination of the Baltic. '1 AFT...;NPOJTBN stated: "Germany, apart from the Soviet, has the greatest responsibility for Russia's aggression and its consequences, \;i thout the pact of friendship between Nazism and Bolshevism the Soviet's action would not have taken place -and without Germany'swarning that she would oppose with all her means o.ny assistance given by the Yrestern Powers by way of Scandinavia such help vvould have been realised. 11 The Stockholm correspondents of the DAGBLADBT and the ARBEIDBRBLADET both spoke of secret German pressure, and the ARBBIDBRBLADBT correspondent Hrote: "The bitterness against what is described as German treachery is very strong. " TIDENS TEGN blamed the Scandinavian Governments and. particularly the Norwegian Government for neglecting their national defences and this paper added: "Sweden and Norway, apart from the Third Reich bear the greatest guilt in Finland's tragedy. Let us openly admit this." · Under the headline "Hho 1 s cheating?" NORG:.::S IL4.ND:DLS OG SJOFARTSTIDJ~ .reported the Norwegian Foreign Departrnent•s denial ~f' biowled.ge l)f arry request for troop transit via Norway. Reacting to the Russo-Finnish peace treaty the Soviet Press has generally taken the line that the "peace-loving Soviet pe>licy has defeated the provocative plan of the Imperialist vvar mongers to continue the Finnish war." In a leader, PRAVDA stated that there Yvas general rejoicing at the conclusion of peace, Gave a r esume of the treaty and described the resulting "advantages" to both sides. "The Soviet Union has never vrished. to infringe Finnish sovereignty and made f air offers at the end of 1939, "declared this paper. "These negotiatitms vere how-ever torpedoed by the Imperialist war mongers who pushed Finland into. war then failed to honour the pledges. The SoVie~lbi.onhas now attained her objective and the Imperialists are 'th'!Jvn.rteQ." In similar vein IZV.bSTIA vvrote yesterday: "The treaty in no way diminishes the national sovereignty which Finland received at the hands of the U. ;:). S. R. 22 years ago. The U. B. S. R. ·did her best to prevent war. The Red Arrrw broke the Mannerheim line which had been declared. by French and British war experts to be invincible. "The wise peace policy of the Soviet has dashed the flaming torch from the hands of the -v1ar mongers. The ,)candinavian and Baltic countries can now heave sishs of r elief at their escape from the threat to their independence and from the danger of being dravm into war, The Allies v-.·ere gatherine their forces to violate Scandinavian neutrality and vrere only thwarted by the conclusion of peace." J!l.PAN: '1BLO·i TO RUSSIA'S PRB:.iTI~. II The belief that the Russo-Finnish peace tre~ty represents a loss of prestige for Russia. was expressed in yesterday's J_~AN .\DVBHTIS:.:R. In an editorial article this paper declared yesterday: "The Finns chose the path of reason but the peaoe-terms are even severer than expected. Clearly this is a sad chapter for the Finns but the treaty is above all a bloq to Soviet prestige for the Russians never imasined that the Finns would successfully stave off the Soviet invasion for four months and. save their country from annihilation." This journal consid.ered that reports that the Soviet-Finnish peace ·would give Russia and Germany a greater hold over Scandinavia as a channel of supplies v1ere greatly exaggerated. "It is not to be supposed that Russia can exert any considerable influence over SYredish policy without actually resorting to arms nnd that seems unlikely in view· of the tremendous difficulties Russia encountered in the Finnish oampai E:,n," added the pnper. "The ~th of RussiaIs great military ~t.Pength has been exploded. 11 YOMIURI SHDJBUN declared: "Finland '.':as obliged to submit to the Soviet terms because when Russia started. a ~rholesale offensive, assistance from the Allies turned out to be nothing but cries of assistance...... Soviet-German influence '.vill become overrrhelming in the three N0 rthern l.'uropean oountries and bring about a collapse in this corner of the Allied blockade." The po.per added later: 11 Soviet tactics are to exhaust the pover of all belligerents, She is unlikely to bring about a frontal clash with the Allies nor act hastily in the Balkans." PANAMA: SCANDINAVIA .AND ALLIES CRITICISED. Both Finland1 s Seanrri ting in the CORREIO DA MANHA described the British Empire as "a miracle of English genius, because it is an organisation of liberty of each nation, Fursuing the greatness of all." 7 GERH.ANY: HOU "B:;ST INFORJ:iED" Rl:JJJEP...S 1-illE HlFO:I..IED. --·--------------·--­ German ncvspaper readers, described by Dr. Dd.etrich, the Reich Press Chief as the "best informed in the V!orld", have been given about as much informatio~ of ~ Russo-Finnish War, as if it vmre a minor frontier disturbance. Even the conclusion of peace was not r eported immediately, Most of the ~apers published it only ih their.:~'l'da,V' morning issues in which, tlawever, it was front-page news. The banner headlines in yesterday's WESTFEELISCHE L.ANDESZEITUNG, read "Heavy Reverse for the War Expansionists -World Echo of the Russe-Finnish Peace" and "Failure of the Franco-British Policy" The comment did not of course forget to stress the legend that Finland was encouraged to provoke Russia by promises of support from England and France. The BERLINER NACHTl.USG.ABE l ast night drevr a flattering picture of the German overland sup~lies of coal to Italy now· that the sea exports have been stopped. "From now on, such a large number of coal trucks will run daily across the Brenner that Italian coal requirements from Germany wiibl be covered up to an insignificant remnant." SC.A.NDil'foVIAN DEFEN_~HVE ALLIANCE. Commenting on the Russo-Finnish peace, DE 11IAASBODE states today: "The peace is deeply humiliating to all civilised peoples, who have again allowed the might of the strongest to prevail in an armed victory. Had a Scandinavian defena;ive alliance been ;fformed last November, Finland would probably have been spurcd. much suffering. " HET VOLK expresses the opinion that a defensive alliance would not have been tolerated by Stalin and does not think that Great Britain, at any rate, desired an extension of the war in the Northo This paper is impressed. by the "calm dete::.:·mina.tion of a parliament and people who nill not be turned from their purpose. The trust in their mm strength is so strong in the British that they can suffer reverses better than other peoples. Should we not do well to fortify ourselves by their calm and self-assurance~" The NIEUWE ROTTERDAMSCHE COURANT states: "The Russo-Gennan sug::;,estion that the Finns' resistance came from unfulfilled promises of help from the Allies are an insult to the brave Finns and an excu3e for an inexcusable act of aggression. The Allies' regrets are understandable but it is going too far to repreach the Allies with lack of initiative, -above all, for not being willing to ignore the obstacle of the neutrality of Norway and Sweden. A landing at Petsamo needed premendous preparations. We must be cautions in casting reproaches.. " BELGIUM: "FINLANDIs GLORIOUS DEFEAT . II In an article entitled "Finland's Glorious Defeat" :M.Wauters, a :former Minister of Information, writes in LE PEUPLE: "The future will reve!il if Finland's immediate neighbours have shown foresight. Certain people in Belgium have no right to attack them, -namely those who dcliuerately confuse independence with neutrality and who declare our country has no duty in making a corrunon cause wTuth a small neighbour if she should be attacked," .Another article in this paper declares that the attitude of the Swedish Goverrunent was "impossible" and it refors to the "exaggeirated cult of extreme neutrality" which has lately gained favour in the small countrios. 15/3/40 -No. 1. FRCNCH OFFICIAL COMMUNIQUE (MORNING) Paris. Friday 15 March, 1940~ The following official communique was issued this morning from the French G.H.Q. :­NOTHING TO REPORT. MINISTRY OF LABOUR & NATIONAL SERVICE 2/15. 3.40. Press Notice The Ministry of Labour and National Service announces further changes in the Schedule of Reserved Occupations. 1. The following new entries have been made in the Schedule: ­ Occupation Age of Reservation Cable engineer, probationer cable engineer (telecoITllIIl.lnication services) 18 Dipper (rubber gloves) 25 Leather glove cutter 25 Setter (needle, etc.) 25 2. It has been decided to afford separate reservation to certain workers in Textile and Allied Trades as follows: ­ Cotton TextiJeTrades (including Rayon Weaving) Blo\ving room major, comber overlooker 25 Under carder 25 Stripper and grinder 25 Big or side piecer 25 Mule overlooker 25 Ring jobber 25 Ring frame overlooker 25 Spinner (minder) 25 Little piecer 25 Joiner minder 25 Drawer 25 Warp-tying machine man 25 Tape sizer, slasher'· dry t~per 25 Twister 25 Winding overlooker 25 Warp dresser 25 Chain beamer 25 Loom overlooker (tackler) 25 Cloth looker (foreman) 25 Wool and Worsted Textile Trades Wool sorter 25 Fettler (wool carding) 25 Mule minder 25 Piecer 25 Mule spinner 25 Miller (woollen finishing) 25 Scourer (woollen finishing) 25 Miller (worsted finishing) 25 Scourer (worsted finishing) 25 1. (5367-1429) Wt. •7177-702.4. 20,000 2/4.0 'f.S. 677 Forema:1, charge hana_ (textile bleaching) 25 Mechanical stove h'lnd (textile bleaching) 25 1!' oreman, char.ge hand (textile printing) 25 Block printer ( t·sxtile printing) 25 Colourist (textile printing) 25 Colour mixer ( textne printing) 25 F'oreman , charge hand (textile dying) 25 Foreman, charge hand (textile finis:ring) 25 Starch or size mixer (textile finishing) 25 Mechanical stove hand (textile fini.shh1g) 25 Warp splittor ( textilo finishing) 25 The workers in the occupations specified above were previously reserved at the age of 30. 3. 'l'he ages of reservation of the following occupations have been lowered: ­ Scrap Metal Worker. F'orme:c-:_;:¥~ of N~_§:fL_Of Reser7ation-----­ Reservation· ---­·-,-­ Foreman, charge hand 30 25 Scrap sorter 30 25 'rextile Mac}lj_nery F'ittings and Accessories Maker­-----·­ £?.eed maker 25 23 Card clothing worker, card clothing __machine tenterer, card setting machine tenter 25 23 Corrib, faller, gill, circle, hackle driller, maker 25 23 Pin setter 25 23 'l'hese amencln1onts are not retrospective in their effect, that is, they do not involve the release of men now in the Forces or of men vrho have already received enlistment notices. Press Office, Ministry of :L.abour and National Service, Montagu House, V!hitehall , s.w.1. Telephone: Whit ehall 6200. 2. H.Q.454-525 C.J . 15. 3. 40 S liVPS £712 000 ULST-r:....;;.,-: ) .J. .:.J J ___-~n \. • The sales of Ulster' Savings Cer tificates, National Dcf'_enec issue, now amount to £712,947, representing 950,596 certificates. Seventy-five per cent. of this sum goes to the United Kingdom Government for vrar purposes. J_.Sfl/40 -No. 4~ At a ceremony nf mass prayer at J'Jmri, in the Eastern Province of the Gold Coast 9 the Sarikin Zongo, chief of the Hausa comnmnity, led his people in a supplication that "the British may, by the Grace of God the Almighty 1 win this war. 11 Writing to the Government 5 the Sariki states that he and his people have been praying for a British victory ever since the war began, and that they will not cease to do so until we "bring victory home., 11 The Sariki ended with an utteranee that 7 though his people were few in number 9 they vrnre mighty and fearless and ever ready to serve their King-Emperoro li2J&~~.§.,.~,~ ,A?li.Af:tl~. The Ashanti branch of the Gold Coast :B'und for war Charities is "adopting" Ho M. S. Ashanti and is providing the ship's r>ersonnel with knitted comfortso This shipj a destroyer of the Tri~al Class 9 and the first in the Royal Navy to bear this name, was launched on November 5, 1937. The Asantehene, the ChiefR and the people of Ashanti, were so pleased with the honour paid to them by the naming of the ship that they subscribed to a fund to buy e. piece of -o1ate and also a ship1 s bell j_n silvero The piece of plate, the worlc of an Ashanti goldsmith, and containing 35 fine ounces of gold mined in Ashanti, embodies in its design the emblem of Ashanti 9 the :porcu:Pine, and the motto Kum a:pim, a12tm beba ("Ki11 a thousand 9 a thousand. wi 11 come. 11 ) H.M.S. Ashanti has adopted the design on its badge and the phrase as its mottoo The gold shield and silver bell were presented last March to the cornrnander of the destroyer, at a durbar held at Kmnasi. -------000------­ EMPIRE AFFAI RS. • MINISTRY OF LABOUR & NATIONAL @ SERVICE Press Notice The Ministry of J-1ahour a..'1d Natim1al Service announces: ­ Two further dates have now been fixed for the registration of men under the National Service (Arrned Forces) Act, 1939. The first of these registrations will be held on the 6th April, 1940 and will relate to men not already registered who were born between 1st January, 1914 and 6th April, 1920, both dates inclusive. The effect of this registration will be to register the following new classes ­ (a) men reaching the age of 20 between the 10th March, 1940 and 6th April, 1940, both dates inclusive; and (b) men who reached the age of 25 during the year 1939. The second registration will be held on 27th April and will relate to men not already registered by that date vvho were born between 1st January, 1913, and 27th April, 1920, both dates inclusive. The effect of this second registration will therefore be to register the following classes:­ (a) Men reaching the age of 20 betvveen 7th April, 1940, and 27th April, 1940, both dates inclusive; and (b) men who reached the age of 26 during the year 1939. So far as can at present be foreseen it is not anticipated that the 1912 class (i.e., men who reached the age of 27 during the year 1939) will be called upon to register before June. Press Office, Ministry of Labour and National Service. Telephone Whitehall 6200. H.Q.459-500 C.J. (111'~1420) Wt. S8887-~885 20,000 1!/89 T.I. 677 MINISTRY OF LABOUR & NATIONAL SERVICE Press Notice CHP..NGES JN COST OF LIVING rnmIN"G FEBRUARY. The Ministry of Labour and National Service announces that at 1st March, 1940, the official cost-of-living inclex figure was 79 per cent. above the level of July, 1914, as compared with 77 per cent. at 1st February. The rise of 2 points (i.e. from 177 to 179, the figure for 1914 being 100) is equivalent to rather more than 1 per cent. The index figure for food was the same at 1st March as at 1st February, viz. 61 per cent. above the level of July, 1914, but there were increases during the month in the prices of clothing and of coal. Press Office, Ministry of Labour and National Service. Telephone Whitehall 6200. H.Q.466-520 C.J. (614-5-1429) Wt. 38887-5885 20,000 12/39 T.8. 677 15.3.40. No.7 c.o.1. I'RESS NOl'ICE Control of Chrome Ore, Magnesite and \ll'2_lfram. The Nrinister of Supply has appointed Hr. W.T.V. Harmer to be Controller in respect of Chrome Ore, Magnesite and Wolfram. The offices of the Control are at Broadway Court, Broc:.dwe~Y, 'Nestminster , S~W.l. (Tel. Abbey 2734,.) Ministry of Supply, The Adelphi, London, W.C.2. 15th March, 1940. Not for ~~blication bef~re the morning Press of Sa~1rdey, March 16th, 1940. I :n re:ply to 9. g,uestion in t lie House of Commons today,, (Frid.ay)s Sir H.e,sinald Do-c•m2.n-Srnith (M:Lnt·3ter of .Agriculture and Fisheries), announced t~1at in view of the difficulties which fcw....mers have experienced in c8.rr;ying out ploughing operations under the unfc.vourable weather conditions of' the past 'l:Yinter, tl1.e Govern-:-nent have decided t o extend the grant J)eriud fr'om 31st March to 30th Apr·il. This will enable i'armers to carry out the pror;ra-m:ne of grassland ploughing in the United Kin&;dom for the; 1940 harvest, whi:::~1, but for the weatl1er, would have been completed b~r 31st Ma:rch. rrhe extension will al so a;iply to grasslanc.s of one acr·e or more broken up for allotments. There will also be a special extension to 15th May, 1940 , to en~i:hle add:i.tional grassle.nC.s to be ploughed u:p for the cultivution this year of i·oot and fodder crops. steps will be talcen to ensu1•e that the grant is not i)aid in respect of lands which could reasonably have been ploughed before 30th J',.l)l' il• .A;n. an.riouncement wj_ll be made l ater concerning the ploughing up of grassl and for· the 1941 harvest. In the meantime, t he extension to 15th MA.y will, of course, apl,)ly to cases where, with the approval of the County War Agricultural Executive Committee, seven year grasslands are broken up for re-seeding to grass or for summer fallowing (or sowing to an approved "'atch er-op) in :prepaPation for a crop for the 1941 har·i.e st. 15/3/40 -NO : 9. ANNUAL COlfP~RENC~ OF ORGANISBRS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION . .Mr. Kenneth Lindsay, Parliamentary Secretary to the Boa rd of Education, addressed the 21st Conference of the National Association of prganisers of Physical Education in London today (Friday)~ The Conference decided to devote the entire morning session to the Boa'.l~d' s Circular, 11 The Service of Youth". Mrc Lindsay said that systematic Physical Education was a thing of the ],,ast 25 years, and now had become an integral part of general' education. But for 80, ~ of the children general education ceased at 14, ancl. therefore physical education could only be related to those clubs and institutes which catered for the young people of 1L1. -~O., The National Youth Commi t tee was char3ed by the Government to advise on all matters connected with Youth Welfareo Loca l Education Authorities could give great assistance to volunta:ry bodies by allowins the use o:C school premises and playing fields on the most favourable of terms, and by providing competent instructors. "Local Youth Commi ttees11 , said Mr. Lina.say, "are the keystone of the s trueture, and I ho~)e that organisers vd 11 attena. committees as technical advisers on this important SiQe of youth welfare. 11 Ther1 e is the mc,.ot important q_uestion of leadership in clubs. We are giving solid sup~ort to the Central Council of Recr eative Physical Training \I wish it would. change its title) , and Miss Co laon1 s team of 11 men anc1 11 women are fully occupied throughout the country. In ao.dition to fully trai ned. leaders, We !feed a strong reserve Of semi-trained men and women who can inspire the youth of the country with a knowledge of the elements of physical health. ·This is no narrow problem. ;It is a vital part of continued education: it cannot be successfully taokled until we have a system of compulsory continuation sGhools. 11 In the meantime let us see how far vve can improve the service for youth by, co-operation with Clubs, Institutes and inc1ustries.. From y.tiur ranks wi 11 come some of the best leaders, because you start with a special aypeal for youth. Da r>ts and dancing and ping-pong are all very well, but modern youth wants more; it wants to achieve standards, it wants team work a.nd if it: is given a chance a nd the facilities , I know9 ifrom the magnificent o.isplay put up at Stockholm last year, it will respond fully anc1 freeJ.y11 • BOAl."tD OF ELJQQ.AT~.QJI.~. Jff) The War Of':fice, London, S. vv.1. 15th March, 1940. A'i' B:RI G1:ITON COLLEGE FOR THE SONS OF fJ.{MY OFPIC"ERS. It is of ficially announced that about six Gill Memorial Scholarships and Exhibitions will be offered in 1940 for competition among sons of Army officers. They will be awarded on t he r esults of the June :Entrance Scholarship Examination, and the final awards will be made after an interview. The value of the highest of these scholarships will amount to half the total fees. Ad.mission to compete for the scholarships and exhibitions is by nomination, and candidat es must be;­ ( 1 ) Under the age of 1Lt. years on 1st June 1940, and ( 2 ) 'rhese s ons of officers who hold or have held a permanent comrnission in the British Army, or, failing such candidates, the sons of off icers who hold or have held a temporary commiss ion in the Reserve or Auxiliary Forces. Scholar ships and exhibitions are t enable for three years, but the period "nay, on the recommendation of the Headmaster, be extended to four years. Successful candidates will enter Brighton College at the end of the summer holidays. Ap~__,lications for nomination by the War ,Office (accompanied by birth certificate and certificates of conduct covering the previous two years) should re<:1ch the Under' Secretary of State (c.1. ), The War Office, London, s.w.1., not later than 1 st May, 1 940e I/ The Private Secretary to Mr. Robert Bernays, M.. P. 9 Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Transport 9 presents his compliments to the News Editor, and transmits herewith for his information notes of a speech to be delivered by i'/Iro Bernays at the Annual Luncheon of the Electrical Development Association at the Savoy Hotel on Friday9 March 15th, 19409 at 1 Psillo Ministry of Transport, Metropole Buildings , Northumberland Avenue, London, WoC .80 15th MRrch9 1940. 8540.. Notes of a speech -~o -~e deliver ed by i»i!!' o ::~obert Bernays 9 Mo Po 9 Parliamentary Secretary to the i"lini stry of 'l'rans9ort9 at the annua l Luncheon of ~he ~lectrical Development Association9 at the Savoy Hotel 9 on Friday9 .~rch 15th 9 19409 at 1 p.mo I t is a great honour to b~; tl:.e guest a t this coining of age luncheon of the E1E:ctrical Develupment Associationo You have had a most successful career o I need only quote in support of that 11 t11e ..ti llion New Co:1srnners campaign" o In point of fact 800 )000 ne~ conswaers were addedo '.fhos e of us who are politicie.ns l1uve i:.ad CX)eric;ncP. of tal(ing JE'.rt in great national dr-iv·es for ne·w ~-,1e~. ,bc:;:::-s : or our ~·)arties -but I do not think any of us can boost &s yc)u i~ thaL we ever obtained anything like 80>=-of our· o·b j(-; ct ive ,. ~:re sh oul d ~.1ave de e::i1ed such a resu lt as bei ng in a very real sen08 electrical~ I a 111 sure that such spl endid results as you hf v0 achieved are not a little due to the driving force anC i11spi ration of L~rd Lytt on and I'm s ure th~t you must indeed coun~ yourselves ~s fortunate at having secured as President so r eC.oubtabl e o. public servant,, To-day there i s a! necessity a reorient a tion of your This is not a ';rar in "';vlnci; nbusi!1ess as usual" can be adopted as a standard of conduc~a · : t: ar e f i ghting povrers of darkness that have inobilisec-::. t .')the:Lr ai d -1:.he total r esources of the rnost hig~1ly di sciplj_y1ed nati on the v.rorld !.1as ever witnessed. Against such R ~oe we must throw all that we have int o the struggl eo Lverytlnng !..J.st 1)e subordi nated t o the winning of the war and the: ;pinning o:' it in the sl1ortest po s s i b 1 e t i rne o In no industry is that 111'J:re true -Chan el ect ricit y 9 for electricity is playing a vi~aJ part in our war effort u Jn6ctrici ty is cne o f ·si:e c:1ie:f ittotive i)owers of the munition facto~ieso -.,,e layinen te11d ,,:,o ~~dnk of' el ectricity merely in t enns of lighto In Wdr' i t i s rnucli ;J1ore t~1an light 9 -2 ­ it is life -life for us and death for our foes. Aeroplanes mean electricity9 rifles mean electricity9 guns and sh~lls mean electricity. Food too means electricity to an extent perhaps not sufficiently realised -and it is here in particular that the Eleetrical Development Association can play a valuable part in educating the farmer to appreciate the assistance w!1ich electricity can give in the various activities of the farm. Here again it is not merely a question of adequate light 9 important though that is for all farming operations. I am told that there are 200 different ldnds of farm machines which can be operated electrically. You can for instance chaff and root cut 9 cake break, grind and thresh, saw and shear -by electricity. It is all time saved and money saved and that means more production and that means less strain on our tonnage capacity for imported food. So much for efficient food production. Electricity can play its part in food consumption. Cooking by electricity is an important factor in putting food to its best uses and I am glad to see that you are actively co-operating in the Government's Right :b,ood Campaign. Before the war I understand, you had cookery demonstrations. I hope that you will continue them. There is another domestic sphere in which the Association can with every justification, advocate a policy of expansion. While out of doors the black.out is essential for protection against air attack, the population have now had time in which to instal a permanent and adequate black-out scheme in their homes. There is no reason now why the reduced and depressing . standard of indoor lighting which was adopted in so many cases 9 should be continued. The Association can play a useful part in promoting greater cheerfulness by encouraging the installation or reinstallation of an adequate standard of lighting• .... 3 ·-· Another direction in which the hssociation can not only promote electrical developrrient but at the same time render useful service from a war emergency ) oint of view9 is to advocate an extended use of electric vehiclesa Apart from tJ.1eir inherent advantages on short range i,.1ork for which they are more p0rticularly suited9 the fact that they are )repelled by poY•e r derived fro;n home -)reduced fuel 9 instead of by petrol9 is an important consideration~ It ~as b~en suggbsted that same 1009000 vehicles in Great Britain now c 0:1surning ')e-crol could -be replaced by electrically driven vehicles and tl1e I'esultant saving in )Etrol consumption if this change over could. be effected v:ould obviously be substantial. 8ome of you may recall that Cc.~.:;tain '.1allace recently ins)ected ~ersonally a di splay of electric vehicles in Palace Yard and 9 indeed 9 drove one successfully round a~d round t~e yard in the presence of his ad~iring colleagues wi thout creating any by­elections on h i s route~ 'rhesc a2e s ;:im(: o:~ t ·1f; -i'ia1· rcoui.::•e . .icnts Y1hicl1 must come first, and in the devel opment of which the ::..;oD,.Ao can :9lay an important ')art " 'I'llere is no in:.E.m.t.1.on of placing an embargo on all domestic or c orC.i!lerc ial development ., Such development 9 however 9 must be related to reguirffiaents wllich are necessary, and not to those whi ch although desirable could be p ost)oned wit~out undue hardshi:po Imi;-Jortant considerations governing ti1e sco·9e of development 9 must be tlle necessity for conservin,s our financial resources, and f or kee~ing the InGustry·s reguirecients for essential materials to a minimum., TllE:; )ossibiJ.ity that so;ae form or degree of rationing of electr:i.cit.y i1Jay at sorne stage have to be introduced, must also -De borne in nnndoe In the dori1cstic sp~1ere:1 the deveJopir.ent of nevi supplies must depend upon tl1e exj_ste:1ce of srnne form of urgent public need. The needs of evacuees in re~eption areas and of munition workers -4 ­ in new housin;.; schemes, would of course ·both come under the category of urgent public n e,'do So faro e3 ~) 'O ·a •.;'1rn:LJ. de signed to induce consumers to change over to eL::ctLj_ctty f ' Oli1 ot~lcr forrns of light and heat is concerned9 the decision wl1ic:1 I understand the ::.:;1cctricity Industry and tlle Gas Indus try J.1ave ar•rived at namely to !.iave a truce to cornpetition for tl1e duration of the war9 is a v1ise step and will prevent wasteful ex_ienditure of inoney and waterials 9 which can under existing conditions 9 be put to better useo I am delighted that you are continuing your activities. The progress of the war is illustrating every day the power and punch of the electrono You reme1nber in the last war the giant strides tl1at were raade by the Hotor Industryo Ve entered the war with internal combustion a promising child and when we ernerged it had grown to full rnanl10odo Under the cru.el strain of war it had proved its worth and developed out of all kno·v·dedgeo Before the war electricity had, of course, already attained a high position but it may well be that ~ien the guns cease and the smoke lifts, the uses of electricity will have developed in the public mind to an extent and with a ra;)i dity that hitherto we had hardly dreamed ofo Y/ell9 your association will be there to ex;_)and t:1at new deuand vvhich the supply authorities will be once rnore in a position to meet. cr~UiNTS FOR SOCIAL J\ND PHYSI C.<\L '.L'k·.·.INING J\#J·/J:HODG 01" PAYMENT DURING 19Li~9.:ll! The Board .of Educat ion in a Circular issuGd to Local Educ.·J111on Authorities today (Friday) stato that, on tho :J.c1vice of t110 National Youth Committee, grants to voluntary 01"00.nisat ion unc1o::;:i ·the Social and Physical Training R0gulations will be made as f'ollows during the fin2ncial year 1940-41 ~ ­ ( :--. ) Grants in aid of hoadq_uartcrs ' work, includin;': administration orr.~<'.nifl ; ·.t ion and trainin/:::; schemes will bo made direct to -Che na tiro:i:n1 voluntary org8.1.tisE1.tions concerned• . (0) Applications for 13r ants in G.id of local activities and schoa s of development will be r equired to be submittoc1 ·i:;o the Bon11 cL through the local Youth Commi ttocs in order to S<\l'e::i;uard the intr;g;ci·i;y of the responsibility of Loc2,l Educntion /.uthori ty and its Youth Committee for youth activities of all kinds. 11;ihere th0:vo i s o.n ap:9ropriEJ.to volunt a ry organisation gr ants will be made di1':)ct to thorn for remittance to the local units or nsr:oci,:1.tions if it is aonvenient to do so. Loc~-~l Youth Committees are askod to submit to the Local Edu.c :':Gio11 P.uthoritics as soon as possible, an agreed 2}roe.;rarrnne of wor~c for 1940-41 BO. R• i U ' EDUCATION --~ 15/3/40. -No. 13. P R E S S N 0 T I C E. PRICES OF I MPORTED EGGS. The Ministry of Food announce that an Order will shortly be made revising the maximum prices that may be charged for fresh eggs from Eire and Near European countries 9 Categories II and III respectively9 under the present Eggs (Maximum Prices) (No. 4) Order (s.R. & O. 19399 No. 1554). Under the proposed Order 9 which will become operative on Tuesday 9 26th MaPch, the maximum prices for the above classes of eggs will be as follows :­ Sale by an Importel'.' (per 120 eggs) Sale by Wholesale (per 120 eggs) Sale by Retail (per 12 eggs) s. d. s. d. s. d. Cat egory II -Eire Fresh Eggs (a) Minimum Weight 15 lb.per 120 eggs. 18 6 19 6 2 3 (b) r11 inimum Weight 12 lb. per 11'.0 eggs 16 0 17 0 2 0 Category III -Near European Fresh Eggs (a) Minimum Height 15 lb. per 120 eggs 16 0 17 0 2 0 (b) Minimum Weight 12 lbo per 120 eggs 13 9 14 9 1 9 The maximum prices prescribed by the Eggs (Maximum Prices) (Noo4) Order for Categories IV and V will remain unchanged. MINISTRY OF FOOD. 15/3/40 -No. 14. VALIDITY OF PETROL COUPONS. The public are reminded that all coupons contained in basic ration books are valid only for the period printed on the coupons. Current supplementary coupons for private cars and all vehicles other than goods and public service vehicles are valid for two calendar months from the date of issue stamped on the coupons ( e. ga coupons dated 1st February cease to 'be valid after March 31st). • This also applies to all coupons issued for agricultural, industrial and miscellaneous purposes. MINES DEPARTii!LNT. No,15, THE 0,UEEN ACCEPTS THE ROYAL AIR FORCE DOLL MASGOTS. H.M. the Queen has been graciously pleased to accept two uHarI'Y the Hawk" mascot dolls from the Royal Air Force Comforts Committee for Princess ~lizabeth and Princess Margaret Rose. The dolls, which stand 2 ft~ 6 ins. high, are equipped with red, white and blue parachutes and beautifully dressed in flying kit. SinGe their appearance in the shops a few weeks ago ;1Hnrry the Hawk" dolls have achieved great popularity. They o.re designed· by Mrs. J.C. Orton, the wife of an ex-pilot of the Royal Air Force and are produced by Norah Wellings, Wellington, Salop. .An agreed percentage of the profits of their sale is sent to the Royal Air Force Comforts Cormi1ittee to be spent on the provision of comforts for the personnel of the Royal Air Force. AIR .AI'F/1 IRS. -----oOo----­ 12:._3.40 No 16 BUTTLR R.t"TIONING The Ministry of Food 8.nnounccs that the r ntion allowance of 1)utter will be rai sed fr om four onces to eight ounces per rrook as f rom Monday 25th March. The Ministry have pr eviously stat ed that the 2.llowances of r c:-.tioned commodit i es depend up on the supply situ0.tioi1, tho rat ioDing sys tom being the mGo.ns of equitable distribution. 'I1he incrGa.se of the butter r o.tion i s the consequence of' the :c\·'.boura.ble sup•Jly s i tu2.tion now obtnining. Catering establishments will be entitled to one third OU:noe instec:~.d of one sixth ouncC; in respect of Gach m~:1.:1.l served. VI .. ~': 3.1'RY OF FOOD }5/3/40. -No. 17. Rl\ROTONGA HELPS HED CROSS. -----·----------·---­Ha rotonga 9 chief of the Cook Islands, has given £250 to the New Zealand Red Cross. As in the 1914-1918 war, the people of the Cook Islands are helping the Empire in all possible ways. From every island of the group offers to send men have been received. ______._ EMPIRE AFFAIRS. 15/3/40 -NO •. 18. EXTRA PETROL ALLOf/ANCES. Despite warnings by the Mines Department th.ousanfl.s of moto1"ists, who have not yet rener1ec1. current c1ua rterly licences, are still applying to Divisional Petroleum Offices for sup:;1lernentary allowances of petrol for the months of A:·;:i1..il and May. Such applications cannot be considerea. until ·the vehicle is :'._Jroperly licenced up to the enc. of June or the en::". or the year. Returns from the three representative Divisional r etroleurn Offices, one in the North, another in the I1i.::icl.lanc:s e.nc1. a thil"c. in Wales, show· that out of a total nunfbeP of 60 ,OOO applications received at these offices within the past four da ys, no fewer than 18 ,ooo have ha c"~ to be retu1"ned for ·che reasons stated.. The percentage of unsuitable applications to oth er Divisional Petroleum Offices throughout the coun-Grjr is e g_ually high. Motorists are ao;ain urgec't to licence the car or :motor­cycle ,in accordance with instructions given,lJefore a::?:r,ilying for extra petrol. They are also a dvised t hat applic~tions shoulct not be made unless supplementary allowances of :_'etrol a J:-e really neee.ed f'or business or other essential :plH"yoses_ 1.'h.3· 40 No .J.2. R,:~TIONS FOR Cli.MPERS The Ministry of Foot ho..vc nov-:r communico.tcd to the Board o"'' :Jaucc.ti on the following instructio"1 for the guic1C'11oe of ·chose concerned with the sup-ply of r ationed foods :' -~ 0:2ganised 1: The Man age:;." of t:. proposed camp should, o. t l ee.st 3 weeks b 0::'011 e the camp is due to begin, get into touch with tho Food Oo~1.trol Committee in whose ar ea the camp is to be situ::,_ted. T'1i,0 :F1ood Control Committee will then be in a pos i tioD to issue )Oi"'ni ts for the supply of rationed foods which can bo drawn f r o:i1 named r et a ilers in the PooC. Control arcc.~ . 2. The peYmits will be available for a r ation week (Monday t o ,_;unday). Odd periods 9 such as wc::ek-ends are not cz:.tered i'o ::· <:i.nd prive.t e arrangements must be made. 3. Ration Books should b e collected by the Manc.30~ of the C•2!1:J ;~_nd h2nded t o the Food Control ler before the b,;[~inning o-::.' tho r2tion week or weeks for which pormits are issued. ~JCJ_,·_~7.D OF EDUCATION jS/3/40. -No. 20. HONG KONG ' S £1 00, 000 GIFT . The Secretary of State for the Colonies to-day sent the following telegram to the Governor of Hong Kong : Please convey to the Legislative Council of Hong Kong the sincere thanks of His Majesty's Gove:;'."Ilment for their exceedingly generous decision to offer an immediate gift to His Majesty's Government of £100~000 towards the prosecution of the War, and to provide for the construction of naval vessels from the proceeds of special war taxation. His Majesty's Government deeply appreciates this very practical contribution by the people of Hong Kong towards the successful prosecution of the War. EMPIRE AFFAIRS. ~r MINISTRY OF SUPPLY AREA ORGANIZATION. Glasgow Area Advisory Committee. The Ministry of Supply announces that the Area Advisory Committee at Glasgow has been inaugurated and will hvld its first meeting on Wednesday, 20th Marcho The members of the Committee are as follows :­ Nominated by the Engineering Empl..9Z9rs' Federation. Mr~ John Bo Lang (Messrso John Lang & Sons Ltd., Mary Street, Johnstone). Mr. Alex. So MacLellan (Messrs. Alexo Stephen & Sons Ltd. Linthouse, Glasgow, S.W.l. . Mro AoEo Mascall (Messrs. William Beardmore & Co. Ltd., Parkhead Steel Works, Glasgow,E.1.) Mro JoB. Mavor (Messrso Mavor & Coulson Ltd., 47 Broad Street, Glasgow, SoEo) Mro R. Cleland Gourlay (Messrs. A.F. Craig & Co. Ltd., Caledonia Engineering Works,Paisley) Mr., W~H. Birks (Messrsa Babcock & Wilcox Ltd., Engineers, Renfrew). Mr. W.H. Howden (Messrso. James Howden & Co. Ltd., 195, Scotland Street, Glasgow c.5.) Mr. James Douglas Latta (Scottish Stamping & Engineering Co.Ltd Neptune Works, Ayr.). · Mr. E, Bruce Ball (Messrs. Glenfield & Kennedy Ltd., Kilmarnock) o Mr. Do Higgins (North West Engineering Trades, Employers' Association, 105, West George Street, Glasgow, c.2.). Nominated by the Trades Uni0n Congress. Mr. Ho Luckhurst ) Mr. J. Storrie Mr. W. Sommer-ville Amalgamated Engineering Union. Mr. w. Cowan l (Shipconstructors' and Shipwrights' Mr. J. McMillan Association). (Amalgamated Society of Woodworkers). Mr. G. Rennie (Boilermakers' and Iron and Steel Mr. w. Mackie Shipbuilders' Society). Electrical Trades Union). Mr. WoMo Bissell National Union of Foundry Workers). Mr. Jo McBain Association uf Engineering and Mr. G.C. Buchanan f Shipbuilding Draughtsmen)o Ministry of Supply, Press Office, Adelphi, Wo C. 2. 15· 3. 40. G.456. MINISTRY OF SUPPLY ARE.~L_9_R_Q...ANIZNf-ION. Stockton Area Advisory _Commj_t~~~ The Ministry of Supply announces that the Area Advisory Comrnittee at Stockton has been inaugm.:-r-.i:ted and. will shortly hold its first meeting.. The members of the Committee are as follows :­ Nominated by the Engineering Em.ployers ~ Federation. Mr. J .H.Farmer (Central Marine Engine W..)rks, West ~Ia,...+ ·1 ,.,,,..., co>) I...L. •J -V ,L-' ·-0 Mr. W.D. Pugh (Darlington Forge Limited, Albert Hill9 Darlington). Mr. W.E. Loveridge (Richardsons 9 Westgarth & Co. Ltd., Hartlepool Engine Works, Hartlepool).Mr. H. Shaw (Wo Shaw & Coo Ltd., Wellington Foundry 9 Middlesbrough)Mr. J.C.H. Booth (Jame s Brown & Sons Ltd., Cleveland Brass & Copper Works, Middlesbrough).Mr. Walter G. Richards (WQ Ri chards & Sons Ltd., Britannia Foundry 9 Middlesbrough). Mr. J.R• Fothergill (Pickerings Ltdo, Globe Elevator Works Stockton-on-Tees).Mr. J .w. Dobson (Smith ' s Dock Co. Ltd., River Tees Dockyard, South Bank-on-Tees). Mr. J. Blackett (~lackett, Hutton ~ Coo Ltd., Clev8l and Steel Foundry, Guisborough) Mr. James Cameron (Secratary to the North East Coast Engineering Employers' Association, Bolbec Hall, Westgate Road, Newcastle-on-Tyne, 1.) Nvminated by the Trades Union Coi:?:&~css-.?.. Mr. E. Harbron Mr. A. Ross ~ Mr. H. GO<.idwin Amalgamated Engineering Union. Mr. R. Kirby ~ Mr. H.. Madden (Electrical Trades Union). Mr. s. Goat (Boilermakers' & Iron & Steel Shipbuilders' Society). Mr. J.W. Alderson (Associated Bl acksmiths and IronfouncErr;) Mr. w. Dawson (Nationa~ Union of General and Municipal Workers). Mr. J. Robinson (National Union of Foundry Workers). Ministry of Supply, Press Office, Adelphi, W. C. 2o 15· 3. 40 .. G.457. NO 'r FOR PUBLIC.<'. ..TION BEFORE 9. 35 P~ m. TONIG-HT FRID~Y, March 15th. i,,(JJ::;_: 'I'O SUB-EDITORS, ~·-s chis script is issued in advance, J.:t. ,should be checked 2.p;ainst tho actual broo.dco.st.. ONC:C Ji Vv:GEK. A Talk by "Onlooker11 • 9.20 -9.35 p.m. I ~xpe-et you've, jus t been listoning to th0 news, and millions all over the world have been doing the sc:nc. We 1 re 211 2like in thctt: wherever we arc c..nd whatever we are _ Hg, "f c. e c"o1'.,, V'. e ~r ccmsumed with the thirst for news. We cannot bo2.r to think that 2,nything is bc5_ng kept back­i t is triumph or c1isnstcr5 we must by all 1·n.~. 0·.ns huo.~ it. Now the , con.smning dosi:r•c for news is wortll thinking 2.bout, iJ~ca.usc in many ways our -µ cace of mind is bound trn 'Jj_th it. The 0~1.:..;:;:izy know•s quitc well, of course, how strong is "·tJ.1is lJassion for a uws. He trades on it. He sends out over the wi~oless a false­hood he re, a distortion there; then a drop of poiso~ cleverly ~n~ quie tly given -all to destroy our peace of mind. We play t i.1...: enemy game if we believe the; voice of tho cnor;zy. But hovv subtle o.nd ins icl.ious this work ot the cn;_;my c·':1 b.:. Some of you h 0.vc r.rrittcn to me in some cds t.:_,,;ss about it; but ma.ny more in terms of gr;:. at contempt. Now, I don It cl<"' im to hc.ve Ij'lado any a_isCO'i·,-:; :."'y' but ·~0i1 :.'c 's one very striking feature in all these Na~;i iJ roadcasts ­::i.:.J.( it's most rcvcalil1z. You'll notice that the :.«?.z:isalways ~.:12:.(..:) oth,;;rs for th0 thinc;s they're most guilty of 'Gly;:,·11sclves. It's like saying ;'You're 2nothcr11 before you've r c.::.lly been <..1ccusod. They attacl: in othvrs r.·hc.t they know to '...1c their ovrn c:.'Lic s e-nd shortcomings. A perfect illustr<..:.tion of this Nazi mctho(. uas given L-.s t 'fuL;sde.y night from H8.mburg . WG were inforE1ccl. this weel<: by on~ of tho newspapers th2t the broadcasters from H~fuurg in English O.l'G Englishmen, who r -.;ccive £15 per week from their :.-::·2zi masters. I:~ ·chis be true, it is not e. large swn for bctrayL'l::S your country c~.:.lC.'L r eviling its good na110. For tho announcer s::::iolrn -2 ­ about the phrase "an English gentleman11 and said it was once a great title which men had died to maintain. "There was a quality about it~1 said the Englishman broadcasting from Hamburg9 "which is associated with the name of Englal').d . " And he named Captain Scott, David Livingstone, Captain Oates and T.E" Lawrence as great examnles. And then he said that we had gambled recklessly ,with this treasure and the days of honour and chivalry and greatness were gone. Incidentally9 at the very moment he was speaking I suddenly thought of Lieutenant-Co~mander Ouvry 9 who dismantled the first magnetic mine to be found 9 and called out to his companions exactly what 1he was doing so that if he was blown to bits they would learn from his mistake. To touch something that will probably kill you instantly -that was consummat e bravery. You can think of scores of other examples, but that just come into my mind then, when the Englishman braadcasting fJ:>om Hamburg told me that the days of honour and chivalry and greatness were gone. But I am not concerned now with the silly falsity of what Hamburg said. '11hat 's obvious. But the charge is r•eally true of Nazi Germany -as the world acknowledges. There was a Germany which many people loved -a German~' of poets and thinker's 9 writers and musicians­a Germany which possessed a tr•easure of poetry and prose 9 and which made its great contribution to the world. That Germany is almost a memm'.'y. In its place stands the Nazi Germany we know which has brought such horror and misery i nt o the world. The charge that we have fQj'.'Saken our old tJ'.'aditions is false ; but it is true of Nazi German;'{ to the very letter. I'm sure it's worth J:iemembering this when the enemy takes advantage of our thirst for news and seeks to upset you and me and all of us. Now this great· desire for news explains also why rumour thrives in war time. Some weeks ago on the wireless they had a game or competition where a message was given to the first person, who had to pass it to the second9 the second to the third9 and so on. Wllen the message reached the last person9 you may remember, it could not possibly be recognised as the message originally given. It is the same with rumour. Once started it is magnified by repetition and often elaborated by hysteria until sometimes everyone believes it. The passage of the Russian troops through Great Britain to the Western Front in the last months of 1914 will always be the classical example. When and how the rumour started no one can say even now. It has been suggested (as a joke 9 I think) 9 that it came from an excited French officer whose English was imperfect who went about near the Front exclaiming "Where are de rations?"; or from the bearded gentleman standing at the window of a train who announced that he came from Ross-shire: Anyway, wherever it came from it spread amazingly. Evidence was soon forthcoming f rom people who had actually seen them. They were in trains with all the blinds down; they were still stamping the snow from their boots on station platforms; they jumped out at Carlisle and cried hoarsely for vodka; and at Durham station they jammed the penny-in-the-slot machine with a Russian rouble. Amazing~ for it wa s rumour only ; we now know that not one single Russian soldier passed through this count1:-y at that time. And in our desire f or news we must be careful to discourage mere rumour 9 which may not merely cause pain, but might quite easily prove to be very damaging t o the war effort of the count1:iy. "Careless tall<: may cost lives-. 11 Everybody knows now that the German sp;)r system is very elaborate. At great expense and with great ingenuity that spy system has been introduced.....•..... / i nto -3 ­ into almost every country in the world; anrl for over six years, intrigue, propaganda and espiona~e have been carried on with an intensity without parallel in history. The Germans are saia. to have known the exact position of every aerodrome in Polancl. anc1 of every movemc.::mt of Polish General Headqur-i.rters; and think what use they made of that knowledge. You cannot be too careful; anc1. the information YO\l have which may weem very orclinary to you ma~r be very damagin3 in the hands of the 1urong person. Now all this is specially important to us in Britain because of the way we ' vo been brought up. In ordinary times the idea of a Pross Censorship, for example , woulc1. be repugnant to us. \ifc pride ourselves in the fact that \'re arc free to think as we like; but freedom of thought is nothing unless it includes freedom of speech ano. writing. VJo now rcgflrd it almost as a no. tural right; which it is not; but nevertheless it has taken centuries and seas of blood to gain it. In Germany, as you know, not merely is truth disregardeo., but 11 A the Nazi l eacl.ors boast of tho use they make of fnlsohood. definite factor in getting a lie bcliovod,11 said Hitler,11 is tho size of tho J.ie. 11 It is of the highest consequence that we should believe our own news anc~. thnt it should be free from J.ies or concealment. Vic arc ready to face facts whatever their nature. But we arc also roao.y to agree torome control over the Press in var time. The all-important thing is how tho control is to be exercised; in Germany, in peace and war, the Press is hopelessly corrupt with never a word of news nor tho expression of an opinion which has not been dictatod by the Propaganda Department of the Government. Germany, to that extent, is a slave nation, But the censorship of the Press in Britain imposed in time of wo.r has one purpose only: to prevent information of value t o the enemy being published. Newspnpcrs submit their material to tho Censor for this reason only -the enemy shall gain no information of value to him. Ano. they submit it voluntarily. Thoy needn't do it; but in all cases of doubt or difficulty they do it, willingly and freely, With such co-operation it is possible to reconcile security for national interests wt th freedom for the Press. Tho mot~o of the Censorship may well be an adaptation of the oath to.ken in tho courts -11 The truth, nothing but tho truth, and. as nearly as possible tho whole truth," -ancl. t o give the greatest freedom to the Press, relying on its patriotism, responsibility and full co­operation. '--·... Modern warfare touches every phase of nntionnl life, You and I cannot possibly know what is of value to the en~my and what is not. Let-me give you an example, -not an o.ctual'exampla, though I could easily do it, -but I am not anxious to asgist the Ge~nnn Intelligence, and therefore I will ·invent my illustrations. A locnl newspaper says that the steamship "Lucy''' was minecl off the Humber on the eleventh of February and that gome of the survivors were land.ed at an east coast port. That souncls innocent enough. But think of it from the point of view of the German Intelligence. Tho German Intelligence mi~ht gather from this that a minefield which they had laid had been correctly and properly laid; it also tells them that the British have not yet swept it. The fact that there were survivors lets them ..know tho.t the position of the minefield. is known to the British; t·he fa.ct that the exact position is known tells them that they vdl1 sweep it. Therefore, Mr. Goering, send over your Heinkels to at tack the minesweepers ano. ynur submnrines to relay the fielo.• /hero Here is .another:"the steamship Onlooker," says the Wessex Gaxette, 11 liml)ed into a south coast port today with a huge hole for' ard. She had been torpedoed at six o' cloc1c on Friday off the Isle of Wight and had been taken in tow by another ship in the convoyo" Again, not much information, but the Germans would be very glad of' it. The date and position fixed the submarine 1 s station and the German Admiralty know that U-501 has reache~ her station and fired some of her torpedoes. She may, therefore, be expected to return for more torpedoes before her due date~ Arrangements must therefore be made to meet her and, to replace her by another submarine. Hence, the apparently harmless matter in parish magazines or school magazines can be of great valu,e to the enemyo There are over 36 ,ooOreligious magazines in this country, which obviously can't all be covered by the Censor. The naturally proud vicar, particularly in the ;early days of the war, prints a letter from his son. It gives details of the regiment, of the convoy, and possibly that a U-boat had attacked it and sunk a tanker in the convoy. The school magazine prints with pride also the names of old boys on active service and the position and stations they occupy, with rank and regiment completeo This is valuable information in the hands of German agents, and the censorship is not seeking to deprive you and r.;.o of:. neWf3, ­on the contrary, -but .~,-;; is working to safeguard you and me and all of' us by pray9~ting valuable information reaching the enemy~ And the limits of censorship should be kept in mind when we read the news. The Censor has no power to stifle the expression of opinion, even though the opinion will most certainly be used by enemy in his broadcasts to this country. Criticism is still uncensoredo Similarly the Censor has no power to suppress matter because it is false or inaccurate. "Passed by the ~ensor" is no guarantee of truth~ The aim is to give as much information as possible whilst not ei.ssisting the enemy -and beyond that the censorship doesr. not goo But the responsibility of nc-t assisting the is not the Censor's alone. Nor ~ ..():f the Press. 1nemy with news t rests in a very special degree upon each one of us. The Queen Eliz iabeth slipped from her rDcr~~ngo one day, but there was no word of her departure, only word of her safe arr'ival. The Censor had been at work; but every newspaper office in the land had the news and thousands of the public also; b~t the secret was well ~kepto Such co-operation and good sense are wonderful omens. Goodnight. BRITISH B,ROADCASTING CORPORATION. No.24. CIVIL AVIATION. SIR KINGSLEY PTOOD RECEIVP.~ DBDQ.:.T! TION._ The A".r Ministry announces:­ Sir Kingsley Wood, the Secretary of St~~e ~or ~ir, with _ Cm:)"i:.ain Balfour, the Under-SecretRry, and ?1r Ft•nnc1s S~c1m~rdine, th~ Director-General of Civil Aviation, this 8ftcrnoon r eceived reuresentetives of the Independent Air Linc Operators: The dc~utation comprised Mr. F.C.Ro Jaques1 J\flr. L.M. Hayb1ttel, Col. Strange and Mr. L.T.Ho Greig. Sir Kingsley Wood said he had given careful considerat~on to· the memorandum and statements put forward by the d~putat70~. He was obliged, however, to have regard to wider cons1de~at1ons of our war effort and the best use of our resources of ~1rcr~ft and personnel. In view of our military req~i~e~~nts! immediate and future and in narticular of the respons1b1l1Ly of the Air Minist~y to tho army for prov~ding aircraft !or army co-operation ·work, it was imperat1ve that much OJ. the ~vork ~hat had so far been carri,'!d out by the civil comrianies should in fut:.ure be performed by the Air Force itself. For this purpose a large nnd increasing number of aircraft were required, amongst which were those civil types which had hitherto been engCt.ged under civil contracts ·to carry out the task.,_ The Air Ministry would pay a fair and r easonable price for the aircraft on the basis of a report made by an independent authority He felt there should be little dif:tl.culty so far . as the perso;nel were concerned in v1cw of the need of the R.A.~•. for tech11ical ·and skilled personnel, and the considerable requirements of the aircraft industry. As to the suggestion that aircraft were being requisitioned in a manner that showed favour to the companies associated with the railways, Sir Kingsley Wood said thAt -this was not so. It was only possible to just1fy the r et ention of internal air lines in war where some national interest was involved~ and this principle was being interpreted broadly as ariDlying to routes crossing water with no aJ.tcrnative means of land transport, such as the lines connecting Entland with Belfast, certain places in Scotland, and the Channel slands. The companies which were previously licensed by the Licensin::; Authority o:ri these routes had naturally been selected to continue where they had operated in peace time, and any other basis would be unfair•. The companies which were operating those routes were in fact also having more than half their aircraft requisitioned; and were only being permitted to retain the bare minimum necessary for running tho selected routes. As regards the future, . it was impossible, of course, to pledge future governments, but it was obvious that it was not practicable for the organisations running the selected routes to extend their operations on to the routes which would now be discontinued, because they would not have the necessary aircraft, and it was not the Air Ministry's policy to encourage and support any such ideas. If q new licensing authority were to be constituted after the war, it would have to consider the interests of all those persons seeking to provide air travel facilities. In conclusion Sir Kingsley ~ood said that he approciRted the difficulties of the companies concerned, but unhcrpi;:iily tho effect of war fell in v2rying degrees .on everyone. Many commercial concerns which had been forced to cease their normal activities hnd not the adv211tage of havi.ng their major equipment taken over and paid for by the Government, and, moreover, in the cr: se of the air line companies, the financial arrangements that had been made hr:d safeguarded them against any losses since.the outbreak of war, · AIR MINI8TRY. MINISTRY OF FOOD, GREAT WESTMINSTER HOUSE, HORSEFERRY ROAD, LONDON, S.W.I. PRESS NOTICE P.N. 275. CONTROL OF ~IEAT AND LIVESTOCK­ PRICES ·OF CATTLE, CALVES AND SHEEP The Ministry of Food has had under review, in conjunction with the National Farmers' Unions of England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, the grades and prices for cattle, calves and sheep under the scheme of Government purchase fixed on the introduction of control on January 15th last. The Minister of Food has now decided to make certain adjustments in the original schedule. From 18th March a general inqrease of 3/-per live cwt. will be made in the prices of fat cows. New grades ~Yill be instituted for well-finished young cows and young bulls yielding first quality beef at higher prices than those now ruling, and there will be corresponding reductions in the prices of inferior cow-heifers. Grade definitions for veal calves will be modified to provide a fairer method of payment and the price for third quality veal calves will be improved. Provision will be made for new classes of sheep and lambs for which the original schedule did not provide. Details of the prices at which -~he Ministry.of Food will purchase livestock at Collecting Centres as from the 18th March, 1940 are set out in this summary. The prices will be adjusted in accordance with normal seasonal trends and will be subject to review in the event of any material change in circumstances. Full particulars of the seasonal price variations will be published shortly in the form of a pamphlet copies of· which may be obtained from the Ministry. or from any Collecting Centre. · · I -FAT CATTLE (1) Steers, Heifers and Cow-heifers (a) Home-bred . Current prices Steers & Heifers Cow-heifers Grade Killing out Price per Price Eer Eercentage live cwt. live cwt. Special 60 and over 65/6 65/6 A 58 and under 60 62/6 62/6 57 6i/-61/­56 59/6 59/6 B 55 57/-57/­54 55/6 55/6 53 54/-54/­ c 52 47/6 47/6 51 45/-41/­50 42/6 ·36/­ The above prices include a sum equivalent to the subsidy formerly paid for fat ca-ttle under the Livestock Industry Act, 1937, which on January 15th, 1940, ceased to be paid direct to farmers but is credited by the Exchequer to the Meat and Livestock Fund of the Ministry. The prices paid for any home-bred cattle purchased by the Ministry which have previously been certified for cattle subsidy will, in the case of animals of special graae or Grade A, be 7/6 per cwt, and, in the case of animals of Grade B, be 5/~ per cwt. less than those set out above. l .. (b) Imported Grade Killing out percentage Special 60 and over ·quality A 58 and under 60. 57 56 B . 55 54 53 c 52 51 50 011r:cent price per live cvrt. If sold for sl?-ughter ._________ · · vvithin 3 months of importation• ... Steers & Cow-helf ers Heifers 57/6 .57/6 M/6 54/6 53/6 53/6 52/6 52/6 51/6 5l/6 50/6 50/6 49/6 49/6 47/6 47/6 45/-. 41/­42/6 . 36/-­ If sold for slaughte,r after being 3 months in this country. Steers & Cow-heifers Heifers 63/-63/­ 60/-60/­58/6 58/6 57/-57/­ 54/6 54/6 53/ -53/­51/ 6 51/6 47/6 47/6 45/-41/­42/6 36/­ The cattle subsi dy waa not. payable in respect of imported cattle until they had been in the United Kingdom for o.' period of three calendar months and when payable the rates of subsidy were 2/6 per cwt. less than for home-bred animals. ·The pP,ces set out above at which the Hinist~J of Foocl >vill· purchase imported cattle fattened in Great Britain have been adjusted to secure a similar effect. The prices which vvill be paid for any imported cattle which have previously been certified for subsidy will in the case of anSxials of special grade or Grade A, be 5/-per cwt. less, and in the case of animals of Grade B 2/6 per cwt. less than the prices set out ;in the-last tvro columns above. Grade Special A B c ·Killing out . perce1~ Young cows with an estimated killing out percentage of 54/o and over_, which vvould in the.opinion of the. Certifying Authority yield carcases of first .quality beef. 55 t