BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS No. 325 SIX TIMES A MONTH EXTENSION SERIES NO. 45 MARCH 25, 1914 The. University Home and School League SECOND EDITION PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AUSTIN, TEXAS Entered as second-class mail matter at the postoffice at Austin. Texas IMPOI{TANT: Whenever a University Home a.;d School League has been or­ , ganiz~, the corresponding secretary should transmit, without de­lay, the names and addresses of all the officers and of the members of th~ committees of the League to· E. E. Davis, University Sta.­ . tion, Austin, 'Texas, to whom the officers, the' members of commit­tees, and other persons interested should apply for ·advice, informa­tion: assistance, , or literature, with respect to any phase of ·the work of the League. ·' 450-314-7 500-535' i BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS No. 325 SIX TIMES A MONTH EXTENSION SERIES NO. 45 MARCH 25. 19 !4 The University Home and School League SECOND EDITION PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AUSTIN, TEXAS Entered as second·class mail matter at the postoffice at Austin. Texas CONTENTS Preface 7 Purposes of the University Home and School League........ 9 Meaning of the University Home and School League.... 9 What the League Should Do for the Comroonity. . . . . . . . 9 What the League Should Do for Country Life. . . . . . . . . . 9 What the University Can Do for the League ........ .... 11 County and State Meetings.. ........................ 12 What the Community Should Contribute to the League .. 13 Desire to Help all Organizations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 The Organization of the University Home and School League---< How to Begin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Temporary and Permanent Organizations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Hints to Teachers, County Superintendents, and other Leaders . ............................ . .. .. .. ..... lS Activities of the League-Agricultural Talks and Lectures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Exhibits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Business and Co-operative Enterprises. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Local Talent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 The Teacher's Opportunity. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Discussion of Public Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Games and Athletics . . . . . . . ........ ... . ... ...... .. .. 25 The Package Library. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Parliamentary Drill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Newspapers . ..... ... ... ............ . ............ .. 27 Music .... ....... . .. . . ....................... ..... 28 Entertainment Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Contests . ................... . .......... . .... . ... .. 28 School Entertainments and Exhibits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Social Times and the Library. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Home Welfare ........... ~ ...... ................... 29 For Women­ 1. Study Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2. Lectures and Demonstrations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 3. Local One-Week School. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Entertainments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 lfallv Contests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 For·Girls and Boys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Bibliography on Home Welfare ................ . .. .. 34 Lectures .......... .... .. ... .. .. .. .... . . .. ..... . . 37 Home Study for ~Iembers of League. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 CONTENTS. General Suggestions to Program Com.mittee-Material for Good Roads Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Subjects for Good Roads Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Model Program for German Community. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 :Model Program-Banks and the Farmer .. ....... .... . . 47 Model Program-Marketing of Perishable Farm Products 47 Program on Rural Credits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Thanksgiving Day Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Washington's Birthday and Arbor Day Program . . . ... ... 49 Health Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Better Country Homes Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Improvement of Rural Schools Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Program on Dairying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 References t-0 Literature on Social Center Work and Rural Life .... ... ......... . ... .. ........... ... .. .. ... . . ... 56 Constitution for the University Home and School League .. . . 58 DEPARTMENT OF EXTENSION OFFICERS OF ADMINISTRATION SIDNEY EDWARl' MEzF.s. Pn. D., President of the University. :F. M. BRALLEY, Director of the Department of Extemion. SAllI C. POLK, Secretary to the Director. L. W. PAYNE, JR., PH. D., Head of the DiYision of Correspondence Instruction. W. ETHEL BAURON, Registrar of the Division of Correspondence Instruction. CHARLES B. At;STIN, :M. A., Head of the Division of Public Wel­fare. G. S. WEHRWEIN, A. B., Lecturer and Specialist on Co-operation, Division of Public Welfare. E. D. SHURTER, Pn. B., Head of the Division of Public Discussion. A. J. ROBINSON, B. A., Lecturer and Athletic Organizer, Division of Public Discussion. MARY E. GEARiNG, Head of the Division of Home Welfare. JESSIE P. RICH, B. S., Lecturer on Domestic Economy, Division of Home Welfare. FRANCES LOWEN, Lecturer on Domestic Economy, DiYision of Horne Welfare. E. V. WHITE, Head of the Division of Information and Exhibits. AMANDA STOLTZFUS, L. I., Lecturer on Rural Schools, Division of Information and Exhibits. EDWARD E. DAvrs, B. A., Lecturer and Organizer of University Home and School Leagn<.>c:, Division of Information and Ex­hibits. JOHN A. LOMAX, M. A., Head of the Division of Public Lectures and Publicity. A. CASWELL Er.us, Pu. D., Head of the Division of Child Irelfare. N. L. HOOPINGARNER, B. A., Assistant in the Division of Child Welfare. THE UNIVERSITY HOME AND SCHOOL LEAGUE PREFACE Realizing the widespread neecl of a more generom use of the schoolhouse as a center for tl1e expression of community interests and activities, the Department of Extension of the cni,·ersity of 'l'exas has decided to assist in organizing and fostering the Uni­versity Home and School League. The economic, the educational, the social, and the religious cleman, debating and literary societies, read­ing or dramatic clubs, mothers' clubs, musical organizations, farm­ ers' unions, or any other similar organizations that have been and are being maintained. In fact, it will be entirely practicable, and in many cases desirable, for some of the clubs or organizations here mentioned to be included as group3 or auxiliaries within the University Home and School League. The University, in the broadest sense of the word, is a democratic institution, and hence, its Department of Extension desires to co-operate with all other organizations and institutions in promoting the good of Texas. The University Home and School League is intended to be co­operative in spirit and in work, and not exclusive. It will co­operate with all persons, factors, influences, and institutions whose purpose is to advance the welfare of the people by promoting com­munity co-operation, and whose ambition is to work in harmony with all to the end that larger, better, and more permanent results may be achieved. The vast resources of the State, embracing with­in its limits nearly five million people, three million of whom reside on the farm, and including over a million school children, seven hundred thousand of whom attend the country public schools, offer a field of service which is far greater than all organized agencies combined can reach effectively. The University recognizes and appreciates the great good that has been accomplished hi Texas by the community co-operation movements, encouraged and assisted by other institutions and organizations and by many patriotic citi­zens. However, it appears that the time has arrived when the so­cial center movement in Texas ~hould be given greater permanence and increased efficiency. Therefore, the University of Texas, as the head of the public school system, has undertaken to organize the University Home and School Leagues on a common basis throughout the State, to correlate the work of all such organiza­tions, and to give systematic, efficient, and helpful co-operation and leadership to the people in this important phase of public service. THE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNIVERSITY HOME AND SCHOOL LEAGUE HOW TO BEGIN 'l'he success of the University Home and School League will depend largely on the manner in which it is organized; hence, the necessity for tact and good judgment on the part of those direct­ing the movement at the beginning. Remember that the £rst part of this work is important and that it calls for wise, capable, and sincere leadership. With the sympathetic co-operation of the peo­ple, social center activity may be made ueeful and effective; without this essential element, failure will be inevitable. The teacher should, therefore, prepare, with the ad vice and help of the county superintendent, a suitable evening program, inviting the presence of the public at large, especially the parents of the community. Use both the talent of the school and outside talent. Let the teacher or the county superintendent preside. Have appropriate talks from the county superintendent, a local minister, a school trustee, or such others as may be necessary. Provide for a reason­able amount of fnn and merriment, so that the audience, both young and old, will be given entertainment and instruction. Where it is not practicable for the county superintendent to give advice and help, the teacher in co-operation with the school trustees of the district, should proceed with the work of organizing the League. TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT ORGANIZATIONS Temporary officers should be elected to serve only till a perma­nent organization is entered into. At this time a committee should be appointed to draft a constitution and another committee to nominate permanent officers. The model constitution given in this bulletin may be adopted or modified to meet local conditions. The maintenance of a successful League will depend largely upon two things: first, the selection of proper officers and committees; second, t.he careful preparation and execution of good, wholesome programs. The appointment of a committee to nominate perma­nent officers and committees, as suggested ab0ve, will enable the Bulletin of the University of Texa.s League to select its best material and prevent the mistake usually incident to hasty action. Suggestions as to the use of the programs aTe made elsewhere in this bulletin. 'The officers of the University Interscholastic League, where such organization exists in the county, should assist in the organization and the work of the University Home and School League. By a sympathetic, active co-operation between these two organizations­for the public welfare, larger results may be accomplished than could possibly be accomplished without such co-operation. HINTS TO TEACHERS, COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS, AND OTHER LEADERS The life of the University Home and School League may be dependent in a large measure on the interest and enthusiasm of the teacher and the county superintendent. This does not mean, of course, that they should assume the whole responsibility in di­recting such a movement. The particular functions to be per­formed by the teacher and the county superintendent are clearly indicated in the model constitution. As a guide to the teacher, the county superintendent, and other leaders, the following suggestions which represent the experience of social crnter workers are offered: 1. Let the beginning of the moYement emanate from the school in the manner already mentioned. 2. Do not attempt an organization till the people are ready to respond. 3. In the inauguration of this work, it is better for the move­ment that no community be selected where open dissension prevails. 4. Inaugurate the work at first in a limited number of de­sirable communities-three to fiye to the county being the number suggested. It is better to make the work successful in a few places than to attempt organizations where success is doubtful. Two or three enthusiastic, working University Home and School Leagues in a county will ~erve to convince the people of other communities of their value. 5. Begin the work with simplicity and modesty, making the first meeting a ~ample of all that are to follow. Eliminate spec­tacular features. The L'niversity Ifome and School League 17 6. Great care should be exercised in choosing leaders. There are citizens, men and women, in every community, who, if they become interested, can o;atisfactorily and successfully direct the work of the University Home and School League. 7. 'l'he control of the League should be kept in the hands of the grown people. Voting and officeholding should be restricted to the older members, and the program should never be given over to the children entirely. 8. Do not allow the management of the League to become monopolized. See that the programs provide for the entire mem­bership. 9. An occasional meeting should be given entirely to the social side; but other meetings should not be given exclusively to this feature. 10. 1'he program committee should see that each program is a creditable one, and that proper announcement is made of it in ail.Yance of the meeting. 11. l'he program committee should not include in the program such features as tend to incite factional feelings or prejudice. There is plenty o:f good material for programs. 12. It is suggested that the county superintendent make a list of suitable lecturers who reside in the county, and supply a copy of them to the corresponding secretary of each University Home and School League in the county. 13. See that the questions relating to the welfare of the home constitute a proper proportion of the program. 14. Do not have regular meetings of the League oftener than twice a month. To hold meetings too often is one of the ways to destroy a good League. 15. The publicity committee should see that the county news­papers get an account of each meeting immediately after it is held. 16. 'l'he corresponding secretary should make a written report of each meeting to the county superintendent who should assist in giving publicity. Such news items require prompt attention on the part of the corresponding ~ecretar~· and the county superin­tendent. ACTIVITIES OF THE LEAGUE After the League is started the question naturally comes up as to what can be done to furnish programs and entertainment. Where all the people of the neighborhood, both young and old, and men and women attend the meetings, it is necessary to keep in mind the composite nature of the League. Therefore, programs should be made out so that they will interest all of these classes. Either a different kind of exercise should be given at each meeting; or; if the program is grouped around a central topic, it should vary from time to time. AGRICULTURAL TALKS AND LECTURES Naturally the first activity of the League will be that of the address. This may be in the form of a talk, a lecture, or a writ­ten paper. It is best to have it in the form of a talk. Even speaking from notes is not so effective as talking without notes. These talks may be on agricultural subjects. For this purpose the farmers of the community should be placed on the programs to talk on subjects in which they are interested and on which they are well informed. If there is a farmer in the neighborhood, whether he is a member or not, who has made a marked success in any particula-r line of agricultural work, he should be called upon to talk at the League of the community and to give his ex­perience. After each talk it is well to give some time to the discussion of the subject preEented. It is not necessary to have the farmer members talk on farm subjects entirely. At one leag-ue in another State a farmer visited ihe city, and seeing a wireless telegraph in operation, came back to his league and gave a talk 0n the operation of this wonderful instrument. The talk was so inter­esting, so clear-cut and well prepared, that it is doubtful whether even an expert could have done better. EXHIBITS Another activity worth while would be the holding of exhibits at the League, to which the farmers of the neighborhood bring such products as oats, wheat, corn, cotton, potatoes, tomatoes, and specimens of other garden and farm products, to compete for sim­ple prizes. The exhibit could also profitably include poultry, hogs, cattle, horses, and other birds and animals. The products of the boys' and girls' clubs of the community should be exhibited in this way, and would thereby be made an attractive feature of the League. The women of the community should be given recognition in selecting subjects for the program; and it might be advisable occa­sionally to devote an entixe program to such social and economic phases of the home as would appeal to them. BUSINESS AND CO-OPERATIVE ENTERPRISES Possibly the first movements toward co-operative buying and selling, co-operative ownership and operation of gins and ware­houses, and growers' associations, may be begun at the League meetings, for here the farmers will have an opportunity to hear talks and lectures on these subjects by eminent authorities, which may be discussed and debated so that the members will become thoroughly familiar with these subjects before investing their money in such business enterprises. LOCAL TALENT Denfa:ts, doctors, and veterinarians of the locality and of the county should be used in the work of the League. 'rhese men are of especial use on programs of special nature, as "health," "care of the body," and "sanitation." fa it not better to haw~ the doctor come to tell us how to prevent disease rather than to call him to cure the disease? And generally he is willing to be of service to the community in this way. The local banker could talk on the operation of the bank. And in these clays of popular discussion of the currency bill, postal savings banks, and other topics of a financial nature, such discussion ought to be .-ery val­uable. There are always other men in the community who can be called upon for talks at the League. The county judge, the county attorney, the county health officer, the county agricultural demon­strator, commercial secretaries, local ministers, local merchants, members of the commissioners court, officeTs and leaders of fann­ers' unions, officers of the Congress of Mothers' and Parent-Teacher Associations, officers of Federated Womens' Clubs, officers of the County Sunday School Association, workers of the Young -~fen's Christian Association and of the Young Women's Christian Asso­ciation, are desirable persons who should be requested to deliYer addresses. Public officers can often give instrnctive talks on the duties of their offices, or on topics of State or national importance. In this connection it may be well for the program committee to use its own judgment, because there is danger that pl~blic 1w.m may use these meetings simply to further their political aims, and the program committee must know whom to invite and what talks these men should give. THE TEACHER'S OPPORTUNITY Many of the problems of the school will sohe themselves by an understanding between the parents and the teacher, and the League offers a splendid opportunity for the teacher to meet the parents of his pupils at the League. It has been consenafo·ely estimated that four-fifths of the trouble in school is due to mis­understanding. In the League the teacher will haw many oppor­tunities to inform the people of the work of the school ancl to enlist their interest and co-operation. He can giYe talks on school improvement, new methorls in education, and eYen conduct a class before a meeting of the League showing how he teaches. Furthermore, the League may organize a night school, a reading circle, or group-study course, where the teacher may give a part of his time in teaching the men and women, and the older boys and girls who can no longer go to the day school, but who are glad of the opportunity to better their education. DISCUSSION OF PUBLIC QUESTIONS It is a well known fact that public discussion is the Yery life of a democratic government. Such discussion goes to make up public opinion, and this in turn often becomes crystallized into law. So in addition to these talks on public questions by out­siders, the League can be of great benefit if it takes up the dis­cussion of these questions among its own members; for in these days of commission form of government, party primarie,:, anrl other political movementi:> to bring the government closer to the people, it becomes necessary that the people be well informed on the ques­tions of the day. All thcEe discussions should be informatiom1J, and not partisan. This feature should be made prominent in the League, as it will be the meam: of bringing together all the different factions, from laborers to capitalists, on a common ground to dis­cuss the needs of the community. In fa.ct, the League or the social center is tbe only place where this can be successfully done. But, here again, the program committee must know the community; and where there is danger that rival factions and political parties may break up the League, it would be best not to attempt any discussion of a religious or political character. However, there are enough topics of a general nature, such as "good roads," "rural credits," "co-operation,'' "education,'' and the like, that can always be used. DEBATES, RECITATIONS, AND DECLAMATIONS Most public questions, as is well known, have two sicles; and one of the best ways to study a subject is in the form of debate, so that the arguments for and against a proposition are brought out. It is a matter of regret that the old-time debating club has gone out of fashion. Many public men in Texas today will testify to the benefit they received through membership in a debating rnciety. In such societies men gain a knowledge of public ques­tions such as they can get in no other way. In order to encourage the study and debate of subject;; of im­portance and of current interest in the League, the following questions for debate are suggested : 1. Resolved, 'l'hat co-education in the high school is undesirable. 2. Resolvefl, That high school fraternities should not be allowed. 3. Resolved, That in the debates of the -University Interscho­lastic League there should be no distinction between boys and girls. 4. Resolved, 'I'hat 'I'exas should abolish capital punishment. 5. Resolved, 'l'hat all cities in Texas of :five thousand popula­tion and over should have a Commission Form of gon~rn­ment. Bulletin of the University of Texa.s 6. Resolved, That a State Commission should be created in Texas with power of compulsory arbitration of disputes between public service corporations and organized labor. 7. Resolved, That there should be a still further reduction in our tariff schedules. 8. Resolved, That Texa.q should have a compulsory education law. 9. Resolved, 'l'hat Texas should have suffrage for women. 10. Resolved, That all immigrants to the United States should be able to read in some language. 11. Resolved, That Texas should adopt the Initiative and Refer­endum. 12. Resolved, That this city (or town) should own its own water­works or street cars, gas plant, etc. 13. Resolved, That a system of compulsory old age insurance &hould be ad-0pted in the United States. 14. Resolved, That the Closed Shop is justifiable. 15. Hesolved, That the annexation of Mexico to the United States would be to the best interests of both countries. 16. Resolved, That in our Penitentiary System corporal punish­ment should b€ absolutely prohibited. 17. Resolved, That the Honor System should be adopted in deal­ing with convicts. 18. Resolved, That Texas should adopt Statewide Prohibition. 19. R•.'SOlYed, That 'rexas should have a Constitutional Tax for the support of its institutions of higher learning. 20. Resolved, That labor unions are more harmful than beneficial to workingmen. 21. Re:>olved, 'l'hat the President of the United States should be elected for a term of six years and be ineligible for re­election. 22. Resolved, 'I'hat the United States Senate should be abolished, constitutionality waived. 2·3. Resolved, 'l'bat judges in Texas should be subject to popu­lar recaU, constitutionality waived. 24. Resolved, That suffrage in Texas should require an educa­tional qualification. 25. Resolved, That the Monroe Doctrine should be abandoned by the United States. 26. Resolved, That in criminal trials three-fourths of the jury should be competent to render a verdict. 27. Resolved, That our legislation should be shaped toward the abandonment of the protective tariff. 28. Resolved, That Texas should adopt a system of the single tax, constitutionality waived. 29. Resolved, That CongreRs should be given exclusive jurisd:ic­tion of marriage and divorce in all the States, constitu­tionality waived. 30. Resolved, That the Texas Legislature should prohibit secret fraternities and sororities in the Sta.te institutions of higher learning. 31. Resolved, 'fhat our present policy of excluding the Chineoo from this country is unjustifiable. 32. Resolved, That the United States should adopt a policy of gradually increasing our navy. 33. Resolved, That the rules of the Simplified Spelling Board should be adopted. 34. Resolved, That the United States should permanently retain the Philippine Islands. 35. Resolved, 'l'hut an eight-hour day for common laborers should be generally adopted. 36. Resolved, That football should be abolished in the schools and colleges. 37. Resolved, That the doctrine of Christian Science is justifiable. 38. Resolved, That a business manager form of city government, as established at Dayton, Ohio, should be adopted by 39. Resolved, That the taxation system now in force in Houston shoulcl be generally adopted by Texas municipalities. 40. Resolved, That all the large cities of the United States should employ women as well as men on their police force!>. 41. Resolved, 'l'hat in all public educational institutiom vaccira­tion should be made compulsory. 42. Resolved, That a man intending to enter a business caree1 ehould take a general college course. 43. Resolved, That Texas should adopt a plan for compulsory voting, based on a system of fines. 44. Resohed, That a national Progressive paity should be main­tained. 45. Resofred, That the Uniteu States should establish a protec­torate over Mexico until stable government is assurecl. 46. Resolved, That an honor system in examinations should be adopted in this school. 47. Resolved, That high school studies, excepting English, should be made elective. 48. Resolved, That supeniRed gymnasium work ~hould be sub­s.tituted for high scho0l athletic contests. 49. Resolved, That students in the ward schools should be al­lowed to play on the high school athletic teams of the ~ome town. 50. Resolved, That Rugby football should be introduced as a sub­stitute for "American" football in colleges and schools of the United States. Another feature of the programs of the League should be reci­tations and declamations. Here the younger people, especially the girls, will find a chance to clo some work. It will be an oppor­tunity for them to gain confidence in themselves in speaking be­fore an auuience. At least two or three of the meetings of the League during the year could well be devoted to either a formal debate or a free-for-all discussion of questions in which the community is in­terested, and the solution of which would be a real benefit to the community and the State. Such questions as that of Statev.·ic'lo Prohibition, Woman Suffrage, Compulsory Education, Removal of the Constitutional Limitations Upon Tax for School Purposes, etc., etc., readily lenc1 themselve::; to public discussion and debate. Local conditions will, of course, determine how the programs should he arranged. One League, for example, could send a de­bating team to debate against the debating team of another Leagne. The League could also nse the meeting in the preliminary tryouts for the annual debates of the Univer~ity Interscholastic League. At another meeting the declamation contests of this League. for boys and girls, would furnish an excellent entertainment. In fact, wherever there are UniYersity Home antl School Leagues coYcrin~ a given county, it woulL1 be well for the the~e Ll'agues to take rations). 27. Trade Unions. 28. Woman Suffrage (bibliography and selected arguments). These subject<> are also f'uitable for debate. PARLIAMENTARY DRILL Another feature of the program that will appeal to many is parliamentary drill. The business meetings of the League should be conducted in a business-like wa.y, and parliamentary drill will aid the members in doing this. Everyone comes in contact more or 1ess with public meetings; and the ability to express oneself and conduct meetings according to rules is often inrnluable. The leader ought to take up this subject in a systematic \fay, con­ducting it as a class. He ought to take up the simplest form;; first and gradually enlarge and take up the more difficult motions and amendments, etc., until the subject is mastered. NEWSPAPERS Some of the Leagues may have weekly "newspapers." Thi::; adds to the enjoyment of the evening. 'l'he "editor" gathers up the news of the week of the community, writes it up and reads it before the League. He has "editorials," and often jokes on the prominent members of the League. Of course, here, caution must be used to avoid unpleasant personalities. MUSIC Music should be a feature of every program. The talent of the neighborhood should be enlisted. Besides the singing by the whole League, soloiEts, quartets, ihe local band, and those who can play musical instruments, all should be given an opportunity to appear in public. 'l'h:is is not only very valuable training for them, but it adds to the enjoyment of the meetings of the League. ENTERTAINMENT Among the lighter features of the League's work may be me11­tioned games of an educational character; and if the talent exists in the neighborhood, and there is someone who can direct it, a mock trial may furnish a good deal of amusement. After the League has become proficient in parliamentary practice, a "con­gress" may be held. This is done in the following way: The "Home" is divided into two parts, the "Conservatives" and the "Radicals," both of them of equal strength in numbers. A few "Independents" may vote either way. Both parties try to elect the chairman; and the one party will try to pass some ''bill" over the other, while the opposing party will try to defeat it by voting it down, passing amendments, or arguing so eloquently that the "Independents" will come over to their side. CONTESTS Contests are always a source of instruction and entertainment. The old-fashioned spelling match ought to be revived. Adding, arithmetic, declamation, reading, geography, writing, and essay writing lend themselves to contest work, and may bring about a good deal of enthusiasm if one League is pitted against another. SCHOOL ENTERTAINMENTS AND EXHIBITS The school children may be enlisted to furnish songs, drills, dialogues, and charades to enliven the programs. Entertainments may be given and a small fee charged, the proceeds of which may be used to purchai;e books, picture8, and other improvements for the school. Exhibits may be made of school work, sewing, cooking, as well as the products of the boys·' and girls' clubs already mentioned. SOCIAL TIMES AND THE LIBRARY At every meeting there should be a general social period, at a recess or after the program has been rendered, when all the peo­ple may meet in a genuinely democratic way. Light refreshments and lunches will help the spirit of good fellowship. Special days and holidays should be celebrated by programs appropriate for the occasion, at the close of which many games and other entertain­ments in harmony with the day will suggest themselves. Box suppers, ice cream parties, barbecues, and picnics are forms of entertainment that can be adopted for me of such social gath­erings. Another form of entertainment is the play. There are always enough young people in a community who are anxious to get up a dramatie club. 'l'he rehearsals themselves offer opportunities for social enjoyment; and the presentation of a local talent play causes more comment and enthusiasm in a neighborhood than if a professional company should put on a production. A play offers splendid opportunities for raising money for the purposes already mentioned. The teacher will find his time well repaid if he under­takes the coaching of a play in tl1e experience he gains in such work and the opportunity to meet and help the young people of his district. 'rhese social occasions will afford an excellent oppor­tu11ity of raising fund~ with whic·h to install a library of good books for use by bo'!.h the League and the public school. The books and bulletins given in the list connected with suggested pro­grams found in this bulletin should be obtained for the library; and other suitable books for the school children and the peopb of the community, among which should be included a number o.f standard magazines and farm papers, should be procured. Upon request the Department of Extension of the University will fur­nish a list of snitahle bookR for the library of the League and the public school. HOME WELFARE The desire is to assist the home-maker as much as possible to make her problems less burdensome and her home more attractive and efficient. Special interest is felt in rural communities because of natural isolation and the limited means of social and intellee;­tual opportunities. Through these University Home and School Leagues. many lines of work are offered to both women and children. A. For Women I. Study Classes 'rhe following topics can be studied by any woman of the League. Detailed lrnlletins of the work will be sent from the Uni­versity free. Small libraries, useful in studying these courses, will he loaned; and helpful bulletins and a list of other books will be supplied. A University lecturer may be sent to assist in organiz­ing such classes, and as often as practicable speakers and demon­strators will be supplied to meet with the League. 1. Rural sanitation. (1) Water supply. (2) Milk supply. (3) Care of garbage and slops. ( 4) Toilet facilities. ( 5) Ventilation in the home. (6) Care of the home in time of illness. 2. Care of children. (1) Hereditary influences. (2) Feeding. (3) Physical care. (4) Clothing. (5) Children's diseases. 3. Foods. (1) General principles of feeding. (2) General principles of preparing food. (3) .A study of the common foods. a. Nutritive values. b. Economic values. c. Meats, eggs, cheese, milk, bread, vegetables. d. Canning and drying. e. Preserving. f. School lunches. g. Study of kitchen, arrangement, and equip­ment. h. Study of dining room, taste in fnrnishiug and finishing, taste in preparing food and serving meals. ~1-. Economics of buying, and the rural stores. 5. Better babies' contest. II. Lectures and Demonstration Special lecturers and demonstrators, fully equipped with chart!', lantern slides, cooking outfits, etc., may be cbtained for special occasions, and offer the following subjects: 1. Foods. (1) Nutritive value. (2) Preparation. (3) Feeding of children. (4) Rural school lunches. (5) P lanning meals. (6) Serving meals. (7) Table etiquette. (8) Good and bad buying. (9) Woman's share in high cost of living. 2. Clothing. (1) How to dress the school child. (2) Cost of dressing school children. (3) Row to buy good cloth. (4) Manufacture of textile fabrics. (5) Good taste in clothing. 3. Shelter. (1) How to plan and build a house. (2) A simple and convenient kitchen. (3) How to furnish a home. (4) Bathing facilities for the rural home. (5) Ornament in the home. (6) Household decoration. III. Local One-Week School The school will be organized when desired in a county having three or more Leagues. The plan is to give each League one week's work, but not on consecutive days. The school will meet in one League for one or two days, and proceed to the next League for the next one or two days. This movement will continue till each League has had five day's work. Any county desiring such work must provide a place where the school can be held, must guarantee a class of at least twenty women at each League, and must provide entertainment for the teachers of the school. AU instruction will be furnished free. The following program senes as a suggestion of work in a one­week school : First Day. 9 :45-10 :00 Opening exercises. 10 :00-11 :00 Talk on nutritfre value of food. 11 :00-12 :30 Demonstration in the cooking of eggs and milk. l 2 :30-1 :30 Basket lunch. 1 :30-3 :00 Sewing class. Use of patterns. Cutting out night dress. 3 :00-4 :00 Round table, at which all meet and discuss indi­ Yidual problems. 4 :00-6 :00 Special work for children. 8 :'00-9 :00 Stereopticon lecture, open to ewryone. Topic­ How to Secure Clean Milk. Second Day 10 :00-11 :00 Talk on meat cooking. 11 :00-12 :30 Cooking tough meat. Use of fireless cooker. 12 :30-1 :30 Basket lunch. 1 :30-3 :00 Sewing class. Cutting and fitting shirtwaist. 3 :00-1! :00 Round table discussion. 4 :00-6 :00 Children's hour. 8 :00-9 :00 Stereopticon lecture. Topic--Use of Birds to the Farmer. 'I'hird Day 10 :00-11 :00 Food for children. 11 :00-12 :30 Cooking of vegetables and fruits. 12 :30-1 :30 Basket lunch. 1 :30-3 :00 Sewing class. Making the garments cut out. 3 :00-4 :00 Round table. 4 :00-6 :00 Children's hour. Fourth Day 10 :00-11 :00 Planning meals. 11 :00-12 :30 Baking breads. 12 :30-1 :30 Basket lunch. 1 :30-3 :00 Sewing class. Cutting and fitting plain dress. il :00-4 :00 Round table. 4 :00-6 :00 Girls' hour. 8 :00-9 :00 Stereopiicon leci:nre. Topic-Great Paintings. Fifth Day 10 :00-11 :00 Rural sanitation. 11 :00-12 :30 Canning and preserving. 12 :30-1 :30 Basket lunch. 1 :30-3 :00 Sewing class. Work continued. S :00-9 :00 Evening party for all. Refreshments prepared by the women. Entertainment furnished by the children. IV. Entertainments Simple entertainments for afternoon or evening will be pro­vided, or plans for carrying out entertainment will be supplied when desirec'l. Such entertainments as the following are sug­gested: 1. Victrola concerts. 2. Lantern slide lectures. 3. Outdoor picnics. 4. Special day parties. 5. Moving picture films, m small towns where electricity is available. v. Rally and Contests It is desirable that all people connected with the University Home and School Leagues of each county meet together once each year, and bring to this meeting the interests of the year's work. At this time contests may be held and prizes offered. Prizes may be offered for the following : 1. Best loaf of bread made in bread-mixer . .2. Best sponge cake made by girl of twelve or :fifteen. ::l. Best out-of-door baking powder biRcuit made by boy. Other suggestions for the county "country life and educational rally and exhibit'' are given in this bulletin under the heading: "County and State Meetings." B. For Girls and Boys The Department of Extension will assist in orgamzrng classes, will outline courses of study or of work, and will both by letter and by personal visits assist in organizing and conducting success­ful local claF.Ses as follows: 1. Cooking classes. 2. Sewing circles. 3. Athletics. 4. Dramatic clubs. 5. Girls' social clubs. 6. Boys' social clubs. 7. Poultry clubs. 8. Singing classes. 9. Bands. 10. Agricultural clubs. BIBLIOGRAPHY ON HOME WELFARE "The Care and Feeding of Children." L. E. Holt. 75c. D. Appleton & Company, New York, N. Y. "Boston Cooking School Book." Fannie Fr.rmer. $2.00. Whitcomb & Barrows, Boston, Mass. "Practical Cooking and Serving." Janet Hill. $2.00. Whit­comb & Barrows, Boston, Mas8. "Food and Cookery for the Sick and Convalescent." Fannie Farmer. Whitcomb & Barrows, Boston, Mass. "Diet in Disease." Pattee. A. F. Pattee, Mt. Vernon, N. Y. "Cost of Shelter." E. H. Richards. $1.00. Whitcomb & Bar­rows, Boston, Mass. "The Healthful Farm Home." Helen Dodd. Whitcomb & Bar­rows, Boston, Mass. "'rhe Care af the Home." Clark. $1.50. Whitcomb & Bar.­rows, Boston, Mass. "Furnishing a Modest Home." F. Daniels. $1.00. Whitcomb & Barrows, Boston, Mass. "Fundamentals of Farming and of Farm Life." Kyle and Ellis. $1.25. Charles Scribner's Sons, Chicago, Ill. "Sanitation in Daily Life." E. H. Richards. 60c. Whitcomb & Barrows, Boston, Mass. "The Primer of Sanitation." J. W. Ritchie. Whitcomb & Barrows, Boston, Mass. "The Human Body and Its Enemies." Hartman and Bibb. 65c. World Book Company, Yonkers-on-Hudson, N. Y. "Shelter and Clothing." Kinne and Cooley. Macmillan Com­pany, Dallas, Texas. "Rural Hygiene." H. N. Ogden. Macmillan Company, Dallas, Texas. "Cost of Living." Richards. $1.00. Whitcomb & Barrows, Boston, Mass. "The Family House." C. F. Osborne. Penn Publishing Co., Philadelphia, Pa. "House Sanitation." Marion Talbot. Whitcomb & Barrows, Boston, Mass. "The Modern Household." rralbot and Breckenridge. Whit­comb & Barrows, Boston, Mass. The following bulletins may be obtained free from the United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.: No. 154. Home Fruit Garden. No. 203. Canning Fruit, Preserves, Jellies. No. 73. Cooking Vegetables. No. 81. Potatoes as Food. No. 256. Preparation of Vegetables for the Table. No. 105. Cereal Breakfast Foods. Also Nos. 237 and 2,19. No. 281. Corn as a Food for Man. No. 93. Sugar as Food. No. 29. Souring of Milk. No. 42. Facts About Milk. No. 63. Care of Milk on the Farm. No. 363. Use of Milk as Food. No. t!13. The Care of Milk and Its Use in the Home. No. 166. Cheese-Making on the Farm. No. 244. Food Value of Cottage Cheese. No. 87. Food Value of Eggs. No. 34. Composition and Cooking of Meat. No. 83. Fish as Food. No. 391. Economical Use of Meat in the Home. No. 121. Beam, Peas, and Other Legumes as Food. No. 122. Nuts as Food. No. 241. Butter-Making on the Farm. No. 112. Bread and Bread-Making. Also No. 389. No. 43. Sewage Disposal on the Farm. No. 296. Wells and Pure Water. No. 185. Beautifying the Home Grounds. No. 43. House Ants. No. 51. Cock-roaches. No. 71. Houseflies. The following bulletins may be obtained free from the Depart­ment of Extension of the UniYersity of Texas: No. 275. The Problem of the School Luncheon, Part I. No. aoo. The Problem of the School Luncheon, Part II. No. 260. Food for Children. No. 303. Simple Cooking of Wholesome Food for the Farm. No. 276. Use of Food and the Proper Balancing of the Diet. No. 305. Cleanliness and Health. No. 282. The Principles of Menu Making. No. 278. Cooking Tough Meats. No. 319. Meat, Its Value as :Food, and Its Proper Prepara­ tion. The University JIome and School League 37 LECTURES The work of the Department of Extension of the University is primarily educational. The lectures, therefore, are not merely en­tertainment, but are designed to carry out into the State the in­struction available at the University. Every lecture offered pre­sents an appreciable, definite amount of information, and repre­sents the thoughtful work of a student who has specialized in his subject. It is believed that the people of the State will appre­ciate more the opportunity to secure reliable instruction along with entertainment than merely to enjoy an evening's amusement. Each speaker will attempt to present his subjeet simply and clearly, in a popular and not in a technical manner, so that the average audience may follO\v him readily and may enjoy, as well as be in­structed by, his lecture. ILLUSTRATED LECTURES Many of these lectures are illustrated by means of the stereop­ticon. The Department of Extension has a number of printed lectures that can be sent out with the lanterns, so that any person in the community can read the lecture and use the slides without having pre!'ent a lecturer from the University. While this is not as effective as a lecture fresh from the speaker, it will serve the purpose in many cases. In case of a lecture of this kind the Un ­versity can furnish the lantern when asked to do so, but those secur­ing the lantern must provide for the electrical current and the management of foe lantern. Vlbere no electrical current can be provided, a gas tank will be sent with every lantern, which will probably be necessary in the rural districts. KINDS OF LECTURES The University of Texas aims to be of service t-0 the citizens of Texas, and especially to the Leagues, first, by sending out peo­ple to organize these Leagues. For this purpose p1·actically all of the members o:f the staff of the Department of Extension are avail­able. These people will come prepared to discuss the organization of Leagues, give practical suggestions as to the management of the activities of the Leagues and can furnish illustrated lectures on the social center movement in Texas and elsewhere, which will be an inspiration to those trying to do this work. Secondly, the object of the Depai-tment of Extension is to bring the University to the people, and so naturally the whole resources of this Department are at the command of the Leagues. After several Leagues have been organized in one county, it will be a saving of money and time to bring several of these lecturers into the county at one time who can then go from League to League to give their lectures and demonstrations. The following is a partial list of subjects treated by the lecturers of the Department of Extension : Agricultural Co-operation. Agricnltural Credit and Finance in the United States and in Europe. The Social Center and Its Work. The BusinesR Side of Farming. Successful ::\Iarketing of Farm Products. Farm Accounting. A Series of Lectures on Health. Sanitation of the Home. Food for Children. The School Luncheon. 'fhe Country Boy aR a Resource of the State. Rural School Efficiency. The Education of the Country Boy. The Interscholastic League. Child Welfare. Improved Schoolhouses and Grounds. The Public School System of Texas and Its Needs. The Value of •reaching Agriculture in the Public Schools. The Cultural and the Financial Values of Education. The Country Life Problem in Texas. Evolution of Breadmaking. How to Secure Clean Milk. Labor-saving Devices of the Home. Planning a Convenient Kitchen. 'fhe Value of Domestic Economy in Rural Schools. The Nutritive Value of Food. What We Eat-How It Helps and Hinders Growth. What We Eat-How It Helps and Hinders Study. The University IIom e and B chool League 3 9 Principles Involved in the Preparation of Food. Woman's Share in High Cost of Living. In addition to the lectmes by members of the staff of the De·· partment of Extension, the UniYersity professors are available for lcctmes at Leagues, provided the engagements do not interfere with their reg11lar work. Arrangements in regard to any of these lecturers must be made some time in advance of the desired date. This is especially true in case of the Leagues in parts of the State remote from Austin. The following is a partiai list of sub­jects of the lectures of the regular teaching staff: Fact and Fiction; or, Life as the Great Writers Have Seen It. Protection and Free Trade. The Evolution of Political Economy and Political Science. Monkeys and ~1en. Philosophy. Is Religion Rational? Color Photography. Romeo and Juliet. Songs of the Co"·boy. Castles in Spain. Place and Significance of Organized Athletics in Modern Society. Egypt. The Revenue System of Texas. Types of Southern Humor. Penitentiary Reform; or, Our 'l'reatment of the Criminal. The Learning Procei;:s as Seen iu Animals. The Spoken Word. Status of Married Women in Texas. Earthquakes. The Education of the Negro in the South. The Organized Country Community. A Modern Mormon in His Horne, Church, and State. 'rhe Poor Boy and the University. The Average Man. The Ice Age. The Pai::sion Play. Comparative Psychology and the Study of Animal Mind. What the Public Want. HOME STUDY FOR MEMBERS OF THE LEAGUE The University Correspondence School has already proved its right to recognition as one of the successful methods of taking the advantages of the University into the homes of the people, even to the remotest corners of the State. In connection with the plans of the Department of Extension to organize the University Home and School League for community life, the demands for individual study and advancement are at once enlarged and magnified; and these demands must be met. Of particular interest to the roem­bers of the University Home and School League are the following courses offered by correspondence. The page references are to Bulletin Ko. 314, Extension Series No. 42, "Announcements Re­lating to the Division of Correspondence Instruction." Bookkeeping and Business Practice (p. 34). Economics of Agriculture (p. 37). Soil Fertility and Soil Management (p. 77). Cereals (p. 7'1). Grasses and :Forage Crops (p. 78.) Plant Culture (p. 78). Live Stock and Dairying (p. 78). Poultry (p. 79). Farm Management ( p. 79). American Business Law (p. 92). Rights of Married Women in Texas (p. 93) . Organizations for Adolescents (p. 76). In addition to the above mentioned courses especially prepared for the citizens of the State who do not wish to enter upon a regular collegiate course, we offer over two hundred correspondence courses in the academic, engineering, and law departments, and most of the!>e courses are a1lowed to count toward the bachelor's degree on exactly the same conditions as the corresponding t•esident work. The fee for each correspondence course is $7.00. The cor­respondence bulletin, giving full information and announcement concerning the plan of work and the courses offered, will be sent upon request. GROUP-STUDY COURSES In case a definite group of persons in any University Home and School League, such as a parent and teacher club, a mothers' club, or the like, desires to pursue a particular line of reading or study throughout the school year, the University is prepared to offer through its group-study courses the necessary outlines and programs covering quite a large number of topics, and also to send out authoritative reference libraries of from ten tc twenty-five volumes on each of these topics. It will be necessary .for the local group to organize and appoint a leader or corresponding secrebny who will keep the records and conduct the busineas of the course, and to whom the University can look for the return of the books at the end of the season. The advantages to be derived by the University Home and School League from the group-study plan are many. In the :first place, the course will be conducted by a University professor who knows the literature dealing with this topic, and who can direct the study of the club or group in the most scientific and satisfac­tory way. A great deal of time and energy is often wasted by desultory and disconnected reading when the group attempts to direct its own course of study. Moreover, there is a great deal of satisfaction to the group in the mere knowledge of the fact that some competent person at the University is interested in the course of reading, and that the advice which he gives is based upon expert or authoritative opinion. In addition the professor will attempt to clear up such difficulties as may arise in the progres;; of the comse, but it will be necessary that his correspondence be limited to such matters as may be of general intere.st to the group. He cannot undertake to help individual members of the group to pre­pare papers or reports on special topicE', for this would Le too great a tax upon his time. Once during the year the University professor wbo directs the course will visit the group and give one or two lecture.:;, as may seem desirable. 'l'hese lectures may be given to the group alone, to the member!'. Hnd their invited friends, or to the general public, In case the lecture is to be given to the public, the University will furnish window posters, newspaper notices, tickets, etc., so that the lecture may be properly advertised. If un admission charge is made, the entire proceeds shall go to the group for such purposes as it may design. In most cases the public lectur~ will be of popular nature, and in some cases they will be illustrated with lantern slides furnished by the Department of Extension. The library will usually contain sufficient material to assist the members in working up their assignments or special rep0rts. Tbe books will be left with the club throughout the school year, from October 1 to May 31 of each year. Frequently the books may be used by the other members of the League while they are not in circulation among the members of the group. In many cases the Leagues will find it to their advantage to purchase duplicate sets of the books as a permanent accession to their libraries. To cover a part of the expenses of these group-study courses, the following fees will be charged : For programs alone ...............$10 for 1914-1915 For programs and library... , . . . . . . . 15 for 1914-1H15 For programs, library and lecture .... 30 for 1914-1915 For lecture alone .................. 25 for 1914·1915 The University bears all traveling expenses, but the group 1s expected to pay transportation charges on the books one way, a.ntl to entertain the lecturer while he is with them. [n many 1)ases the actual traveling expenses will amount to more than the fee charged for conducting the entire course. The Group-Study bulletin issued by the University in June, 1913, shows a number of topics suitable for special courses of study for the University Home and School League. 'l'he list of topics will doubtlesf: be considerably enlarged for the session 1914· 1915. The coursee. conducted during 1913-1914 proved to he uni­formly popular, and many of the group centers have indicated their purpose to renew their applications for similar courses for next year. In art and literature fifteen topics are offered; in economics and bue.iness training, six; in education, six; in government, l1i~­tory, and sociology, six; in home economics and technical train­ing, two; in law and public speaking, three; in philosophy, two; in science, two. Among these topics those which might be of especial interest to the University Home and School League groups are the following: Social Aspects of Education. Religious Pedagogy. Child Study. Agencies for Child Welfare. American Business Law. Comparative Geovernment Systems. Comparative Municipal Government. Development of Democracy. Modern Charity, Criminology, and Rural Sociology. The Principles and Practice of Debate. Home Economics (Popular Course). Beginnings of Technical '!'raining. Plant Improvement for Gardens and Parks. Principles of l~conomics. The 'frust Problem. Money and Banking. Investments. The Business of Farming. :Methods of Farming in Texas. In addition to these special topics the general cultural subjects in art and literature may also be suitable for some communities or groups. A bulletin giving the details of the group-study plan and containing full announcements of the various courses will be mailed free to anyone who desires it. GENERAL SUGGESTIONS TO THE PROGRAM COMMITI'EE The real value as well as the life of the University Home and School League depends more, possibly, upon live and appropriate programs than upon any other phase of the work. As a means 0f assisting program committees in providing wholesome programs and entertainments, the Department of Extension of the Univer­sity submits the following suggestions: (1) Carefully read the subjects and the bibliographies for programs and write for the bibliography material at once. The material should be obtained by the program committee before the program is formulated and before the subjects are assigned. (2) Do not make the programs too long. (ii) Plan each program to meet the special interests and needs of the community. ( 4) Give everybody in the com­munity something to do, but this does not mean that every perRon be put on the program. ( 5) Give the children a chance. (6) Vary the program from time to time. (7) Keep constantly ou the watch for any good outside talent that may be available. If a noted lecturer happens to be passing through the country, haYe a called meeting of the League and use him if he can be secured. (8) By all means make every meeting a success. Lists of program material are herewith submitted. Select only sufficient material to make the program of proper length, being careful that the subjects chosen are such as will contribute most to the enthusiasm, the interest, and the common good of the com­munity. The reference material given in connection with the sub­jects should be obtained immediately after the organization of the University Home and School League; and each subject, together with the material on it, should be carefully considered by the p1·0­gram committee before said subject is included in the program. MATERIAL ON GOOD ROADS The program should be made as practicable and as applicable to local conditions as possible. Emphasize the financial and the social loss the community has to sustain because of poor roads. Jf the roads have been improved, and are in first-class condition, show the ways in which the community is benefited by them. The evil effects of poor roads may be summarized as follows: ( 1) The depressed local real estate values. (2) They act as a hin­drance to church and school acti vi:ties. (3) They hinder social and religious progress by making travel burdensome and disagree­able. ( 4) 'They bespeak a lack of community pride. ( 5) They are expensive to the farmer, for he might market his crops in half the time by doubling the size of his loads if the roads were good. (6) The time lost to the farmer and his team is marketing the erops often amounts to more than the farmer's proportionate part of the tax to put the roads in good condition. (7) They are wearing on vehicles and killing on beasts of burden. References : The following farmers' bulletins, which may be obtained free by addre8sing the United States Department of Agriculture, Wr.sh­ington, D. C., contain valuable information on good roads, anc should be obtained by the program committee for the use of the persons assigned to the different subjects to he discussed in the good roads program. 'These hullttins should be obtained before the program is :finally agreed upon: No. 95. Good Roads for Farmers. No. 136. Earth Roads. No. 505. Benefits of Improved Roads. No. 311. Sand, Olay, and Burnt Clay Roads. No. 321. The Split-Log Drag. No. 338. Macadam Roads, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Office of Public Road!:'. No. 31. Mileage and Cost of Public Roads in the United States. No. 39. Highway Bridges and Culverts. Circular No. 95. Special Road Problems of the Southern States. GOOD ROADS PROGRAM 1. The tea.cher, assisted by some of the larger students, should draw an accurate map of the roads of the community, or the jus­tice's precinct, on the blackboard the day before the meeting is to be held. This map should represent the very best work of the kind the teacher and the students are capable of doing. 2. Song; invocation; other music. 3. Are the Roads of the Community or Precinct Properly Located? If not, What Changes Should Be Made, and What Would Be the Advantages in the Said Changes ? 4. What Are the Best Means, and What Will It Cost to Put Our Roads in Good Condition? This subject should be discussed by the county judge, the commissioner of the precinct, or the county road commissioner or engineer; and the different kinds of material available for building good roads should be exhibited, with an explanation and demonstration of how the roads should be built and maintained. 5. The Effect of Good Roads Upon the School and Church Life of the Community (by local pastor). 6. How Much Does This Community Lose Each Year by Not Having Better Roads? This subject should be discussed from the standpoint of marketing agricultural products, of attendance upon the public school, of attendance upon the community church, and of attendance upon social gatherings in the community. The teacher or some individual of the community who will take the trouble to investigate carefully and gather correct information should discuss this subject. PROGRAM FOR A GERMAN COMMUNITY Topic for Discussion : Raiffeisen und sein Werk. Oeffnungsrede beim Herrn Vorsitzender. Ein Raiffeisen Lied. Ansprache: Vater Raiffeisen, Sein Leben und Werk. Ansprache : Das Raiffeisen Dorf. Musik. Ansprache : Andwendung Raiffeisen's Principien in Texas. Ein Raiffeisen Lied. References : Bulletin of the University of Texas No. 298, "Studies in Agri­cultural Economicg." "F. W. Raiffeisen." von Dr. Martin Fassbender (A German Work). Raiffeisen Bibliothek. (A series of pamphlets on Raiffeisen's work and organization. Published by I,andwirtschaftliche Zentral Darlegungskasse fiir Deutschland, Neuwied.) Senate Document No. 114, Sixty-third Congress, First Session. (Address of David Lubin on Raiffeisen.) Sec also the program on "Rural Credits" for references. PROGRAM ON BANKS AND THE FARMER Opening remarks by the Chairman. Song. Talk: By a local bank official-Relation of the Bank and the Farmer. General Discussion. Talk: Uses of Commercial Papers. Music. Paper: Operations of the Postal Savings Bank. This program is arranged for lectures by outside speakers almost entirely. Local bank officials, the postmaster, merchants, and other business men can give talks on these subjects without much preparation. Teachers of business colleges and the public schools may be available and would be excellent speakers on such com­mercial topics. PROGRAM ON MARKETING OF PERISHABLE FARM PRODUCTS Opening remarks by the Chairman. Song. Recitation. Paper: My Experience in Marketing Fruit. Discussion: (Brief-by about three persons.) Music. Paper: Successful Marketing Methods Used in Other Sections of the United States. Discussion: (Brief-by about three persons.) Closing Exercises. References : "Co-operation in Agriculture;" G. Harold Powell, New York. Macmillan Company, Dallas, 'Texas. "Produce Markets and Marketing," Wm. T. Siebels. Published by Produce Markets and Marketing Company, 35 Water and Clark Streets, Chicago, Ill. The following bulletin may be obtained from the UniYersity of Texas without cost by writing for it: Bulletin No. 298, "Studies in Agricultural Economics." The following documents may be ohtained free from the Con­gressman of your district. Write to him for them. They are is­sued by the Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.: Bulletin No. 123, Shipping of Citrus Frnit. Farmers' Bulletin No. 62, lfarketing of Farm Products. Farmers' Bulletin No. 520, Marketing and Storage of Sweet Potatoes. Farmers' Bulletin No. 548, Marketing. Bulletin No. 17, Poultry Refrigeration. PROGRAM ON RURAL CREDITS Song. Talk: The Raiffeisen Banks of Germany. Song. Declamation. Talk: The Texas Rural Credit Law. DiscusPion : Shall We Organize A Rural Credit Society in Our Community? Song. References : "Co-Operation in Agriculture," G. Harold Powell, New York. Macmillan Company, Dalla~, Texas. Send to the Commissioner of Banking and Insurance, Austin, Texas, for a copy of the 'l'exas banking laws. The following documents may be ohtained free from the Con­grrssrnan of your district. Write to him for them: "Preliminary Report on Land and Agricultural Credit in Europe." Published by Division of Information, Department of State, Washington, D. C. "Rural CreditE." Senate Document No. 260, Sixt~·-third Con­gress, Second Session. "Investigation of Present Conditions." Yearbook of United States Department of Agriculture, 1912, p. 25. "European Systems Modified to Meet United States Conditions." Senate Document No. 855, Sixty-second Congress, Second Session. "Davis Plan of Rural Banks, State and National." Senate Doc­ ument No. 141, Sixty-third Congress, First Session, "Rural Banking and Currency Reform." Senate Document No. 14.0, Sixty-third Congress, First Session. PROGRAM FOR THANKSGIVING DAY 1. Song. 2. Reading the President's Proclamation. 3. Reading the Governor's Proclamation. 4. Recitation : Selected. 5. Paper: 'fhe Origin of 'fhanksgiving Day. 6. Song: Selected. 7. Short Address. 8. 'l'hanksgiving Drill. 9. Paper: 'l'he Early Life of the New England Colonists. 10. Song: Selected. 11. Dialogue. 12. Song: Selected. The music for this occasion should consist of patriotic songs, quartets, solos, and selections by the band or orchestra. PROGRAM FOR WASHINGTON'S BIRTHDAY AND ARBOR DAY 1. Song: "America." 2. Roll Call, to be answered by quotations from Washington. 3. Short Sketch of the Life of Washington. 4. Flag Drill, by children. 5. How to Beautify the Schoolyard by Planting Trees. 6. Song, by school children. 7. Refreshments. Suggestions: 1'he teacher, assisted by the school trustees, some of the members of the League and the school children, should, during the day, plant trees suitable to the soil and the climate on the school campus; and the program given above should be ren­ dered at the League meeting held at the schoolhouse at night. A proper rendition of the program is important, but the occasion should be regarded as a failure unless suitable trees have been actually planted. Hundreds of bleak, barren schoolhouse grounds throughout the State are a perpetual reminder of the thoughtless­ness and the neglect of the people in the matter of beautifying the schoolhouse environment. 'rhe following publications will be help­ful to program committees in preparing suitable programs for this occasion: "Neighborhood Entertainments," Steve. Sturgis & Wal ton, New York, N. Y. "New Mexico Public School Anniversaries," State Department of Education, Santa Fe, New Mexico. "The Birthdays of Washington and Lincoln," State Department of Education, Denver, Colorado. "V{est Virginia Arbor and Bird Annual," State Department of Schools, Charleston, West Virginia. "Washington's Birthday/' Siate Department of Education, Raleigh, N. C. HEALTH PROGRAM 1. Song, by the League. 2. Roll Call. Let the members answer by one-minute talks on how to make the community a more healthful place in which to live. 3. The Housefly, a Carrier of Disease; How to Eliminate the Housefly. 4. Music : Selected. 5. Why Shallow Wells are Dangerous Sources for Drinking Wa­ter. Put drawing on blackboard to illustrate a good well properly located. 6. Humorous debate, consuming only ten minutes of time: "Resolved, That an Old Maid ls of More Benefit to the Community Than an Old Bachelor." 7. How Hog-Pens, Backyards, and Outhouses May Become a Menace to Health. This subject should be discussed by either the local physician, or by a physician invited to be the guest of the occasion. Suggestions: By all means the program committee should se­cure the farmers' bulletins given below from the United States Department ot Agriculture, Washington, D. C., and these bulletins should be furnished to the persons on the program who are to dis­cuss subjects of which t.he bulletins treat. As a rule, the neigh­borhood doctors will be glad to furnish :information on most nny of the subject!:: mentioned : No. 463. The Sanitary Privy. No. 345. Some Common Disinfectants. No. 393. Habit-Forming Agents. (Drugs in Food.) No. 459. Houseflies. No. 115. How Insects Affect Health :in Rural Communities. No. 450. Some Facts About Malaria. No. 377. Harmfulness of Headache Mixtures. PROGRAM ON BETTER COUNTRY HOMES 1. Song. 2. Roll Call. I.et each member answer by mentioning a cur­rent event of importance. 3. How We Oan Secure Hot Wat-er for the Country Home. Put chart on blackboard from Farmers' Bulletin No. 270. 4. Short dialogue, or selected music. 5. Kinds of Flowers and Shrubbery Most Suitable in Beauti­fying the Yard of the Country Home, and What Time of the Year They Should Be Planted. 6. Question Box. 7. Discussion of J.,abor-Saving Devices for the Home. Suggestions : Put special stress upon the need of conveniences within the home for the farm wife. The water supply, the means of doing the laundry, the arrangement of the kitchen, pantry, and dining room should be given special attention. Improved farm machinery has relieved the man on the farm of much of the drudgery of farm work; but economic appliances and labor-saving devices for the farmer's wife within the home have-been almost entirely neglected. The following farmers' bulletins should be se­cured from the United States Department of Agriculture, Wash­ington, D. 0., and furnished to the persons on the program who are to discuss subjects of which the bulletins treat: No. 494. Lawn Soil and Lawns. No. 195. Annual Flowering Plants. No. 5'27. Experiment Station Work. (Page 19.) No. 185. Beautifying the Home Grounds. No. 270. :Modem Conveniences for the Farm Home. No. 248. The Lawn. No. 463. The Sanitary Privy. No. 342. Experiment Station Work. (Page 30.) No. 1:26. Practi<'al Suggestions for Farm Buildings. For other references, see bibliography under systematic study of Home Economics. PROGRAM ON IMPROVEMENT OF THE RURAL SCHOOLS 1. Song. 2. Roll Call. Let each person answer by mentioning one thing the League can do to improve the school of the community. 3. Ho\\' to Improve the Schoolhouse. 4. Reminiscences of School Days by one of the older men or women of the community. 5. Short dialogue, or a suitable selection of music. 6. A Guessing or Conundrum Contest to be participated in by all members of the League. 7. (a) \Vhat the Children Eat for School Lunches. (b) How to Solve the School Lunch Problem. 8. The Consolidation of Schools, and the Transportation of Pupils to and from Schools. 9. The Importance of Teaching Agriculture and Domestic Economy in the Country Public Schools. 10. The Financial Value of Education. Suggestions : It will be necessary to eliminate two or more of the above subjects; to undertake to give them all would require too much time for any one program. The topics chosen should be such as would appeal to the local interest of the League. The fol­lowing bulletins may be obtained from the Department of Exten­sion of ihe University of Texas: No. 36. Consolidation of Rural Schools; Transportation. No. 198. Remodeled Rural School Buildings. No. 256. Improvement of School Grounds. No. 152. One-and Two-Room Country Schools. No. 234. Addresses on Education. No. 275. The Problem of the School Luncheon, Part I. No. 300. The Problem of the School Luncheon, Part II. Recipes and Menus. PROGRAM ON DAIRYING 1. Song. 2. Use of the Babcock Tester and the Cream Separator. The use of these two machines should be actually demonstrated by test­ing some milk produced in the community. 2. How to Judge Good Butter. A small prize should be offered for the pound of best butter produced in the community, and the different homes of the community should be encouraged to enter into the contest. 4. A humorous recitation, or a suitable selection of music. 5. How to Judge a Good Ear of Corn. Each boy in the com­munity should be asked to bring the best ear of corn produced at his home; and a small prize, or some distinction or honor, should be offered for the best ear of corn exhibited. 6. Debate: Resolved, That Devotion to Fashion is a Greater Evil Than the Tobacco Habit. 7. Conclusion: Song by the League. Suggestions: Plan the programs so far as it is practicable to fit the agricultural projects in which the community is most inter­ested. Dairying, poultry raising, pork production, or truck and fruit growing, may be given a place if they are of local concern. Nothing can 1nouse more interest er awaken the spirit of inquiry among school pupils than a well prepared short lecture on the plant-life creations of J,uther Burbank. Just how he produced the seedless prune, the seedless grape, the thornless rose, the sha~ta daisy, and many other new kinds of plants, are questions that will arouS<' the sense of curiosity and inquiry in any healthy-mindea schoolboy or girl. 'rhe following farmers' bulletins of the Depart­ment of Agriculture of our own State, Austin, Texas, and those isF-ued by the United States Department of Agriculture, will fur­nish abundant agricultural material: Issued by the State Department of Agriculture, Austin, Texa~: No. 23. How to Jndge a Good Ear of Corn. No. 11. The Babcock Milk Tester; 0£ What Use Is it. Issued by the United States Department of Agriculture, Wash­ington, D. C. No. 313. How to Judge a Good Ear of Corn. Also Bulle­tim: 537, 253, 229, 415, 400, and 81. No. 277. 'fen Kinds of Work that the Gasoline Engine Can Do on the Farm. Also Bulletins 269, and 191. No. 245. Phosphorus, Nitrogen, and Potash as Soil Plant Food. Also Bulletins, 406, 257, 398, and 14. No. 318. How Leguminous Crops Put Nitrogen Into the Soil. Also Bulletins 372, and 339. "Dr. S. A. Knapp's Contributions to Southern Agriculture,'' Yearbook of the United States Department of Agriculture, 1909. The following book may be obtained from the Macmillan Com­ pany, Dallar;, Texas: "A Sketch of the Life 0£ Luther Burbank,'' by William Sumner · Harwood. University of Texas bulletins which may be obtained free from the Department of Extension : No. 50. What Should Be Done by Universities to Foster the Professional Education of Teachers. W. S. Sutton. No. 96. The Consolidation of Rural Schools. Una Bedicheck and G. T. Baskett. No. 146. Crime and the Treatment of the Criminal. C. 3. Potts. No. 162. Problems of Prison Reform. C. S. Potts. No. 196. The Experiences of Self-Supporting Students in the U nivers:ity of Texas. No. 233. Woman Suffrage. Biblography and Selected Argu­ments. Extension Series No. 22. No. 234. Addresses on Education; Declamation Contest of the Debating anc1 Declamation League of Texas Schools. Extension Series No. 23. No. 251. Lectures of Rural School Education Week. No. 256. School Gardens. Extension Series No. 26. No. 275. School Luncheons. Extension Series No. 29. No. 276. Use of Food. Extension Series No. 30. No. 278. Cooking Tough Meats. Extension Series No. 31. No. 282. The Principles of Menu Making. Extension Series No. 32. No. 283. Announcement of Group-Study Courses. Extension Series No. 33. No. 284. Debate on Old Age Insurance. Extension Series No. 34. No. 286. Texas' Need of Higher Education. Extension Series No. 35. No. 291. Compulsory Education. Extension Series No. 36. No. 292. Literary Societies. Extension Series 37. No. 314, Announcement of Correspondence Courses. Exten­sion Series No. 42. No. 298. Agricultural Economics. No. 305. Nuts and Their Uses as Foods. Extension Series No. 39. No. 306. Cooking for the Farm Home. Extension Series No. 40. No. 311. Athletics in Public Schools. No. -. The Financial Value of Education. Programs for f:pecial days, holidays, and on a variety of sub­jects will be furnished by the Department af Extension upon re­quest. All correspondence with respect to programs should he addressed to E. E. Davis, University Station, Austin, Texas. Bulletin of the University of Texas REFERENCES TO LITERATURE ON SOCIAL CENTER WORK AND RURAL LIFE The references here given include such literature as will be of use to county superintendents, teachers, and others interested in a more comprehensive study of social center work and country life improvement. In counties where this work is extensively de­veloped, it is suggested that a library consisting of all or a part of this literature be kept in the office of the county superintendent where the books will be available for general use: "Chapters in Rural Progress." Butterfield. $1.00. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Ill. "Neighborhood Entertainments." Sturgis & Walton, New York, N. Y. "Rural Life Problems in the United States." Plunkett. $1.50. Macmillan Company, Dallas, Texas. "One Woman's Work for Farm Women." Buell. Whitcomb & Barrows, Boston, Mass. "Reports of Commission on Country Life." Sturgis & Walton, New, York, N. Y. "The Training of Farmers." Bailey. $1.00. Century Co., New York, N. Y. "Country Life and the Country School." Carney. $1.25. Row, Peterson & Co., Chicago, Ill. "Prine:iples of Rural Economics." Carver. $1.30. Ginn & Company, Dallas, Texas. "American Rural School." Foght $1.25. Macmillan Com­pany, Dallas, Texas. "Constructive Rural Sociology." Gillette. $1.60. Sturgis & Walton, New York, N. Y. "Among the Country Schools." Kern. Ginn & Company, Dal­las, Texas. "The Social Center." Ward. $1.50. D. Appleton & Company, New York, N. Y. "Country Life Conference Addresses." Iowa State College of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa. "Home Waterworks." Lynde. Sturgis & Walton, New York, N. Y. "Co-operation Among Farmers." Coulter. Sturgis & Walton, New York, N. Y. "Educational Resources of Villages n.nd Rural Communities." Hart. 1'he Macmillan Company, Dallas, Texas. "Industrial Studies-U. S." Allen. Ginn & Company, Dallas, Texas. "The Rural School." Culter and Stone. Silver Burdett Com­pany, Dallas, 'l'exas. "The Work of the Rural School." Eggleston and Buere. Har­per and Brothers, New Yol'k, N. Y. "How to Start Social Centers." Perry. IOc. Russell Sage Foundation, New York, N. Y. "Social Centers in the Southwest." Farm and Ranch, Dallas, Texas. Home Training Bulletins. W. A. McKeever, Lawrence, Kansas. Price 2c per copy. "The Cigarette Boy." "Teaching a Boy to SaYe." "Training the Girl to Help in the Home." "Assisting a Boy in the Cheice of a Vocation." "A Better Crop of Boys and Girls." "Trnining the Boy to Work." Many valuable bulletins are published h.'· the United States De­pal'tment of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.; the Extension Divi­sion of the University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; the Rus­sell Sage Foundation, New York, X. Y.; State Department of Agriculture, Austin, Texas. Letters of inquiry may obtain lists of these bulletins that are A.rnilable. CONSTITUTION FOR THE UNIVERSITY HOME AND SCHOOL LEAGUE ARTICJ,E I SECTION 1. The name of this organization shall be the Uni­versity Home and School League. ARTICLE II OBJECTS SECTION 1. The object of this organization shall be to promote the moral, educational, civic, social, and agricultural welfare of this community, and to pro>ide for a free and intelligent discus­sion of such subjects as will, in the judgment of this organization, promote the general harmony and improvement of the neighbor­hood. ARTICLE III MK:'!IBERSHIP SECTCON 1. Every white man, woman, and child in this neigh­borhood shall be eligible to membership in the University Home and School League. Active members, howeYer, shall be such per­sons as may file their names with the secretary. SEC. 2. Persons residing in other communities shall be en­titled to membership upon recommendation of the executive com­mittee. ARTICLE IV OFFICERS AXD ELECTIOKS SECTION 1. There shall he the following officers: President, Yice-president, secretary-treasurer, corresponding secretary, assist­ant corresponding secretary, sergeant-at-arms. Either the president or the vice-president shall be a woman. The corresponding secre­tary shall be a teacher of the public schools of the community, and the assistant corresponding secretary shall be a permanent resident of the community. The sergeant-at-arms shall be a mem­ber of the board of school trustees. SEc. 2. All officers shall be elected at the :first meetings held after January 1st and July 1st, and they shall serve for a period of six months, or till their successors qualify. All elections shall be determined by a majority vote of the members present, and only active members of :fifteen years of age and above shall be permitted to 'l'Ote or hold office. ARTICLE v. DUTIES OF OFFICERS SECTION 1. It shall be the duty of the president to preside at all meetings of the organization, and to act also as chairman of the executive committee. SEC. 2. It shail be the duty of the vice-president to preside at all meetings of the League in the absence of the president, and to discharge all other duties of the president when the president is absent, incapacitated, or for any reason is not able to act as presi­dent. SEc. 3. It shall be the duty of the ;:;ecretary-trea.surer to keep the minutes of each meeting and to perform such other duties as are generally performed by the secretary of an organization. It shall further be the duty of the secretary-treasurer to receive and disburse upon order of the organization any funds belonging to the organization, and to make such reports regarding same as may be required from time to time. SEC. 4. It shall be the duty of the sergeant-at-arms to see that the building is lighted and that it is in proper condition of holding all regular and called meetings of this League. It shall also be his duty to provide Ruch equipment as may be necessary to hold all meetings, and to restore order whene>er called upon hy the president. SEC. 5. It shall be the duty of the corresponding secretary to receive and answer on behalf of the organization all commumca­tions, to communicate from time to time with the Department of Extension of the University with reference to a~sistance, lectures, programs, leaflets, and other litera.ture, that ma~y be furnished to the organization by the UniverPity. It shall further be the duty of the corresponding secretary to make Bnch reports of the activi­tie:> of this organization as may be asked for by the Department of Extension of the University. The assistant corresponding sec­retary shall help the corresponding secretary and shall act as cor­responding .;ecretary in case of the absence or inability of the cor­responding secretary to ad. ARTICLE VI COMMITTEES SECTION 1. There shall be the following committees: 'l'he ee.:­ecutive committee, the program committee, and the publicity com­mittee, and such other committees as may be determined upon from time to time. SEC. 2. The executive committee shall consist of the president -0:f this organization, a member of the local board of school trus­tees, and some 0ther person to be chosen by the League. It shall be the duty of the committee to consider matters pertaining to the welfare of the League, making such recommendations as may ap­pear necessary, and to act for the League in all matters that require attention before the next meeting of the League. SEC. 3. 'l'he program committee shall consist of the corre­sponding secretary, a minister residing in the community (if not available, any other person), and any other member of the League residing in the community, the members of said committee to be elected by the League; provided, that at least one member of this committee shall he a woman. It shall be the duty of this com­mittee to arrange programs for all meetings, and to engage the services of such speakers as will make the meetings profitable and interesting. SEO. 4. The publicity committee shll comist of the corre­sponding secretary nnd two other members appointed by the pi:esi­dent. It shall be the duty of this committee to make, whenever practicable, announcement of programs, and to furnish to the county superintendent and to the local newspapers such material for publication as may be for the lwst interests of the League. ARTICLE VII .1\CEETINGS. SECTION 1. The regular meetings of the League shall be held at such time~ during the session of the school as ma:y be deter­mined by the League ; provided, that there &hall be at least six regular meetings during each scholastic year; provided, further, that a majority of the members present at any regular meeting may authorize other regular meetings during the time that school is not in session. Special meetings may be called by the executive committee. SEc. 2. The executive committee may, with the executive com­mittees of other Leagues in the county, provide for joint meetings whenever advisable, and for the county educational rally and ex­hibit to be held in March of each year. A State meeting of the Leagues may be provided for by the Department of Extension of the University. SEC. 3. Any member of the League shall be eligible to attend any county or State meeting of the University Home and School League which may hereafter be arranged for. AnTICLE VIII DUES SECTION 1. No clues shall he required for active membership in the University Home and School League. The executive com­mittee shall recommend to thr T.lf'ague methods for procuring funds necessary to meet ]oral expcmcs that m.a.y be incurred; provided. that no person shall be c1eprirec1 nt his membership on account of hi' failure to contribute to such expense func1. ARTICLE IX QUORDI SECTION 1. Any ten actiYe members shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any regular or called session of the League. AnTICJ,E X .BIENDMENTS SECTION 1. This Constitution ma~r be amended by a two-third$ vote of the Yoting members present at any regular session. ARTICLE XI BY-LAWS SECTIO!\ 1. This League shall adopt such by-laws as may be deemed advisable by a majority of the members present at any regular meeting; provided; that the By-laws adopted shall con­form to the provi~ions of the Constitution. IMPORTANT Whenever a Uitjv~rsity Home and Scho?l l.€ague has been or-· ganized, the corresponding secretary shoul~ transmit, without de­lay, the names and addresses of all the officers and of the members bf the committees of the J.Jeague to E.· E.· Davis, -University Sta­tion, Austin, Texas, to whom the officers,.· the members of commit~ tees, and other persons.,_ interea.ted shoula apply for advice, informa­tio~, , assi tance, or Iifeiature with respect to any phas_e of the work ·~ of the L~ague.