your patronage.. Kl)oWil)g the wants and requirell)el)ts of Ph. Hatzfeld & Co's. Old Custol1)ers, We are ii) a position to guarantee satisfactiol). Whel)eVer you get a t-jat from us it means the best material and workll)an­ship, and moderate prices. CLflUSEN & THEIS, 904 Cong. ftve. Austin, Texas. Scarbrough & Hicks, Fll)e 111)ported and Domestic Dry Goods. Outfitters for Ladles al)d Gel)tlemen. Frequel)t Visits to our Store will be Appreciated. Austin, Texas. mml-----mm g r51 A. P. WOOLDRIDGE, Prest. JASPER WOOLDRIDGE, Cashier. ~PAUL F. THORNTON, Vice Prest. ALBERT w. WILKERSON, Asst. Cashier. ~ --CITY-­ .NATIONAL BANK. Capital $150,000.00. Austin, Texas . • Your Business Respectfully Solicited. g ··-----·· THE UNIVERSITY RECORD. VOL. III.-.DEOEMBER, 1901.-NO. 4. CONTENTS. THE OPENING EXERCISES: Add res..; of Joseph D. Sayers, Governor of Texas................... 307 Address of .Jaml'S N. Browning, Lieutenant-Governor......... 312 Address of R. E. Prince, Speaker of the House of Repre­ sentat.ives......................................... .. ............................... 315 Ac'ldre~s of Arthur Lefevre, Superintendent of Public In­ struction .. ... .. .. ... .. ........... .... .... .. ................. .. ................... 320 Address uf T. W. GrPgory, Esq........................................... 326 Addre&s of Wm. L. Prather. President of the University...... 329 THE HYGIENE AND MEDICINE OF THE TALMUD.................. .... ........... RABBI HENRY COHEN ... 332 WILLIAM M'KINLEY, THE CHRIS­TIAN........................................ ........JOHN C. TOWNES.......... 347 "ETHICS, DESCRIPTIVE AND EX­PLANATORY," bj Sidney E. Mezes... DAYID F. HOUSTON...... 352 THE LEGISLATURE AND THE UNI­ VERSITY ......................................... JOHN A. LOMAX............ 360 MUSIC IN THE UNIVERSITY...... ....... DANIEL A. PENICK ........ 366 THE UNIVERSITY: General 1'otes-Our Student Body, 370; New Instruct­ors, 272; A Welcome Change of Attitude, 374; The McKinley Memorial Servict·s, 376; ·1 he Alumni Cata­logue, 37ti; l'lle RPgents' Scholarship, 37!!; 'l'he Chem­ical Laboratory, 38U; The Univero.ity of Texas Mineral SurvPy, 380; "Tt>xas Petroleum." 382; Other Recent Publications by Members of the Facult,y, 383; The American Association for t,he Ad Yancement of SciPnce, 38-t; Tile Texas Academy of l::lcience, 384; Tlrn Texas State Historical Associat,ion. 38ti. The Li bra ry......................................................................... 387 '!'lie L;iw Department........................................................... 389 The Engi11ei>ring Department............................................... 394 8t11dt·nt Interests................................................................ 396 Faculty Legislation............................................................ 399 'l'ransactious of the Board 01' Regents....... ........................... 401 AthletiC8 ............................. ............................................... 403 Notes from t.l1t: Medical Department....................... ............. 405 Tile Annual l{eport of the President and Faculties.............. 40!3 DnrnCTORY ()]<' THE UNIVERSITY. Hoard of Reg.·nts............... ................................................... 423 Standing Committee of the R11ard of R<>gents....................... 423 F;1culty and Ott1er Officerg (If the Main University............... 423 Standing Comm ittee,; of the Faculty.................................... 426 Stndt>nts oft.he Main University......................................... 427 Affit iated :-ichools ................................................................. 459 CLASS OFFICERS: Academic DPpartment......................................................... 4HO Law Department................................................................. 480 LITERARY SOCIETIES: ~~~~~~.~.~.::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::: ::::::::::: . ::::::::::::::::::::::: :~~ ~~~~~·L·~·~·i·~~.:::::::::: ::::::::::::·:::::::·::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: !~~ O RATORICAL ASSOCIATI0N•...............................................•......... 482 YOUNG MEN'S CHl!ISTIAN ASSOCIATION.................... ................. 482 YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN AS:-OCIATION.. ...................... ......... 483 ATHLETIC ORGANIZATIONS: Athletic Council. ................................................................. 483 Athletic Association ............................................................ 483 Tennis As,,ociation ....................................... ........ ............... 483 l<'ootball Team...................................................................... 483 MUSICAL ORGANIZATIONS: Glee Club.............................................................................. 484 Band ...... ............................................................................. 484 Octette ........... .................................................................. 485 STUDENT PUBLICATION!": The University of Texas Literary Magazine.......................... 485 The '.rexan ......................................................................... 485 '.rhe Cactus ........................................................................... 485 THE UNIVERSITY COOPERATIVE SOCIETY.................................... 486 THE ENGINEEHING CLUB .... ................ ······················· ··············· 486 THE ENGINEER'S EXCHANGE.....................................•.......•........ 486 FRATERNITIES: Phi Delta Theta................................................................... 486 Heta Theta Pi. ...................................................................... 487 Kappa Sigma........................................................................ 487 Sigma Alpha Epsilon............................................. ............... 487 Sigma Chi ............................................................................. 487 Kappa Alpha........................................................................ 488 Sigma Nu.... ......................................................................... 488 Ct1i Phi ............................................................................... 488 Phi Phi Phi.. ............................................................... ......... 488 Alpha Tau Omega ................................................................ 489 Phi Gamma Delta ................................................................. 489 ALUMNI As..;OCIATION......................................... ................. ....... 489 l!'ACULTY AND OTHER OFFICERS OF THE MEDICAL DEPART­MENT, GALVESTON................................................................... 490 STUDENTS OF THE MEDICAL lJEPARTMENT: School of Mt>dicine .............................................................. 490 School of Pharmacy.............................................................. 494 School of Nursing........................................................... ...... 495 CLASS OFFICERS IN THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT: School of Medicine............................................................... 496 School of Pharmacy.............................................................. 496 8c1Jool of Nursing....................................... ................... ...... 4!J6 STUDENTS' COUNCIL................................................................... 497 UNIVERSI'fY BALL CLUB......................................................... 497 YOUNG MEN'S CillUSTIAN ASSOCIATION...................................... 497 THE UNIVF.RSITY MEDICAL................... ....... .............................. 497 CL UBS: Sigma ............................................................ ....................... 497 Alpha Mu Pi Omf>ga............................................................. 498 The Jolly Bonf> Jugglers ....................................................... 498 University of Texas Pharmaceutical Association .................. 498 The University Record. PROFESSOR W. J. BATTLE, Editor-in-Chief. EDITORIAL BOARD: President WM. L. PRATHER, Professor H. Y. BENEDICT (in Professor W. J. BATTLE, absence of Professor Ellis), Professor F. V\7• SIMONDS, Professor L. M. CASIS, Professor A. J. SMITH, Professor W. B. PHILLIPS, Professor J. C. TOWNES, Dr. PIERCE BUTLER, Professor A. C. ELLIS, Registrar JORN A. LOMAX. THE UNIVERSITY RECORD is published quarterly; subscription, one dollar a year; single copies, thirty-five cents. Advertisements, one page, $15; half page, $10; quarter page, $7 .50, with 25 per cent. discount on contracts for a year. Address business communications to JOHN A. LOMAX, Business Manager, Austin, Texas [Entered as second-class mail matter at the postoffice at Austin, Texas.] THE UNIVERSITY RECORD. VOL. IIL-DECEMBER, 1901.-NO. 4. THE OPENING EXERCISES. Never did the Auditorium present a fairer sight than on the morning of Thursday, October 3, when the University gathered there for the formal opening of its nineteenth annual session. The young ladies were massed in the central block of seats, the young men to the sides. A spirit of buoyancy was in the air. Never before on such an occasion was the solidarity of the institution so manifest. The exercises began with prayer by the Rev. W. D. Bradfield, of the Tenth Street Methodist Church. The Glee Club followed with "Hail, University." ADDRESS OF JOSEPH D. S.\.YERS, GOVERNOR OF TEXAS. President Prather : I feel that the University is particularly fortunate in having with us this morning the chief executive of this great common­wealth, the President of the Senate, and the Speaker of the House of Representatives. They have kindly consented to leave the many demands made upon them to come here to give a word of counsel to the young men and young women of Texas, who are assembled at the University of Texas at this, the opening of the nineteenth session. I am glad to present to you a Governor who has ever stood for free education. That doctrine from the earliest times has been embodied in our laws and constitutions, and it is fast being planted in the hearts of all our people. It affords me great pleasure to present to you this morning His Excellency, the Hon. Joseph D. Sayers. Governor Sayers: Young Ladies and Gentlemen of the University of Texa,s: I have often read of the effect produced upon the mind and feel­ing of him who sits by a great and majestic river as it flows with its wealth of waters into the ocean; upon the tourist as he stands at the base of one of the great mountains of the world and looks upon its heights, extending into the very clouds themselves, rugged with boulders, ravines and the dark foliage of winter climate; and upon the soldier, who stands upon the rough and perilous edge of battle and looks upon the advance of contending armies amidst the boom of artillery, the charge of horse and the rattle of mus­ketry; but to myself the most interesting and impressive scene is presented when, as today, I behold the young women and men of our State, in the flush of early womanhood and manhood, animated by the loftiest and purest aspirations, and preparing themselves for the busy vocations of life. Young ladies and gentlemen, it will, indeed, be one of the most interesting reminiscences of my service as Governor of this State that I was permitted to be present at the opening of this great Uni­versity, its nineteenth anniversary. For eighteen years it has been struggling with all its might to attain its present position in the world of education and of letters, and I rejoice to be able to offer my most sincere and earnest congratulations that it has risen to such high prominence among the universities of our country. I am not before you this morning with a prepared speech, but to talk to you plainly, briefly, and unreservedly, as one who has seen much of life in all of its vicissitudes and environments, and to give you some counsel, which, in my judgment, if followed, will be of advantage to you all. This is the beginning week of your term. Many of you, I am told, are here for the first time. There are two things mainly for you to accomplish. First, the development of the intellect, which necessarily carries with it the acquisition of knowledge; second, the development of character, which is absolutely essential to success in life and to the attainment of those qualities which constitute the best citizenship. Education is not knowledge, nor is knowledge wisdom. Wisdom is beyond, and includes them both, though both are necessary to its attainment. Education is, in a measure, to be acquired in the school room; knowledge is to be gained not only from books, but also through association; wisdom comes not only from education and knowledge, but also from experience in the affairs of life. The learned are not necessarily wise. I have perhaps related this anecdote before, but whether so or not, it is pertinent to this occasion. One of the great chancellors of England, when a mere lad, was sent to a grammar school. He was of poor and humble parentage. His clothing showed that his means were limited. His manners were uncouth, and as he approached the desk of the master he did so in fear and trembling. The master asked him, "My lad, what did you come here for?" Can you guess the reply of the boy, not yet fourteen years of age, who afterwards attained the highest position in England, save that of the throne itself? It was, "I have come here to improve myself and to make friends." Upon reflection, young ladies and gentle­men, it must appear to you that there is a world of meaning in the answer, an amount of wisdom not anticipated in a youth of his years. It has all the strength and pertinency of a well established maxim. To improve and to make friends ought to be the object of every young woman and man that attends this University. With­out such purpose, no good can possibly result from attendance here. In this connection, I recall the saying of Walter Savage Landor, one of England's greatest writers, and of whom too little is nowa­days known, that "Neither to give nor to take offense is the very best thing in life." This rule, if carefully and all the time observed, will insure the greatest possible amount of enjoyment and happiness, not only in university life, but also elsewhere. I most heartily commend it to you, my young friends, as a rule of conduct worthy of your strict observance at all times and upon all occasions. Again, I would not feel that I had completed the desultory remarks in which I am indulging without urging upon you the necessity of earnest and uninterrupted labor while here, except such recreation as may be necessary for the relief of the mind and the development of the body. It should be remembered that the hour that has gone can never be recalled, that the arrow that has spent will never return to the bow, and that the water that has passed will not again turn the mill. You cannot expect to acquire the highest honors, and that should be your highest ambition, that this institution can confer if your hours are passed in pleasure or in idleness, with the expectation to recover the lost time during the coming day or month. Such hours so spent are gone, gone forever, and you will be so much poorer for their misuse. Young ladies and gentlemen, I know that you will not take it 310 The Univers-ity Record. LDecember, amiss if I should talk to you very plainly and pointedly upon another subject. I have seen more of life, and from experience know more of its vicissitudes, troubles and demands than you. When you shall have become as old, or older, than I, and look backward on your careers, what is it that will give you the most satisfaction? It will not be the pleasure that you may have enjoyed, nor the wealth that you may have acquired; but it will be the recollection of the work which your hands and brains have accomplished. From the consideration of such work as has been of benefit to mankind you will derive your highest and most enjoy­able satisfaction; for it is not that which we take from the world, but that which we give to it that crowns us with the greatest honor and fastens our names in the memories and affections of our fel­lows and of those who shall come after us. Now, young ladies and gentlemen, for the next nine months the good name of the institution will be in your hands. Its President and its able Faculty may instruct you to the full extent of their ability, but, after all, it will rest with you to determine whether or not the work of the coming year shall be successful, and shall redound to the honor of this institution and to the glory of our commonwealth. The University is a part of the State government, and should contribute, and I am glad to say it does contribute, in no small degree, to its character among the people. In coming to this University you have assumed a responsibility that you cannot avoid, and when the next commencement exercises shall have been completed, when your record for the year shall have been made, the question will be, whether you have or have not, by your con­duct and labor, realized the responsibility which rested upon you, and have discharged your duties as students in a manner worthy your opportunities. I shall now address you, young gentlemen, in kindness but with candor, as one who is your friend and your well wisher, as one who would rejoice to see a crown of honor placed upon every one of your brows. I shall now talk to you as if you were bone of my bone, sinew of my sinew, flesh of my flesh, and for your own suc­cess, I beg that you will heed me. I am not here today to flatter. There is an old adage that "a man is known by the company he keeps," and, in another form, but with the same meaning, that "birds of a feather flock together." You know what I mean with­out my telHng you. Yon cannot, when you leave these walls after your daily exercises, when you go from these grounds to your tem­porary homes, act otherwise than as become gentlemen without tarnishing the name of the University. I greatly desire that it shall be said of you all, without a single exception, young gentle­men, that at all times and upon all occasions, wherever you may have been, a student of the University has been known by his bear­ing, his intelligence, his courteous manners and his good behavior. It should never be truthfully said of any of you that you had at any time been present in a saloon or a gambling house. You have in your keeping not only the happiness of your kinspeople and friends, but also the reputation of the University and of this great State. Do not draw the conclusion, young gentlemen, from what I have said that I believe that you will be guilty of any impro­priety or immorality; but many of you are quite young; you know but little of the world, its allurements and its temptations. I sin­cerely trust that you all, as you enter upon this term, will promise yourselves, one to another, and that you will sacredly keep the promise, that so long as you are connected with this University your efforts to attain knowledge will be supreme, and that all you may say or do within or without these walls will be such as is char­acteristic of a true gentleman. Do this, and so surely as this world of ours continues to move upon its axis, so surely as you sit here this morning, and as I stand before you, every student will rejoice that it has been his good fortune to attend this institution, and will return to his home laden with knowledge and crowned with honor. Young ladies and gentlemen, I wish that I could impress upon you the thought, to be with you both day and night, the absolute necessity of so training your minds and hearts that when you have taken your :final departure, and shall have entered upon the stage of active life, you will stand before the world as vigorous and accomplished athletes in mind, character and body. This is the day of intense competition, and the law of the survival of the :fittest applies more harshly now than ever before. I trust that you will be ready, willing and able to return to the people of this great State through honorable, patriotic and successful endeavor, more than the amount expended in the maintenance of this University a thousand fold. The citizens of Texas, in the maintenance of its educational institutions, are not contributing solely to the educa­tion of such as may attend them, but also for the benefit that is The University Record. [December, certain to accrue to all the people throughout the ages. No one today is so farsighted or so wise as to be able to measure the extent and the richness of the physical resources of our State. These resources, in a great measure, lie dormant, and they will continue so until the young men of the country rise to the height of the occasion and furnish the brains and the muscle for their develop­ment. But what Texas needs most at the present time is not phy­sical wealth. The Almighty has already vouchsafed more than enough to us-but what is particularly to be desired is a corre­sponding wealth of brains and heart. This University is, it has been said, the very dome of our educational institutions. The speaker might have very properly gone farther. It is not only the dome, but it can be the base also, if you will but make it so. Some of you may regard my remarks this morning as of little value, and in thoughtlessness may forget what I have said before you leave this hall, but the time will come in the life of each and every one of you-probably before your hairs shall have grown gray-when you will turn your eyes backward with a retrospective glance, and in your own hearts admit them, however crude they may appear, to be true, and your own experience will bear witness to their truth. Do not imagine that because, as Governor, I have other cares and responsibilities, I will not have an eye upon the University, and that my ears will be closed fo what may be said either in its praise or in its disfavor. I shall at all times be candid with you and with those charged with its administration, because I am your friend, and wish you well. I congratulate the Univer­sity upon the large attendance, and believe me, that I speak sin­cerely when I congratulate you, young ladies and gentlemen, as I now do, upon your splendid appearance, and I sincerely hope that nine months hence, though weary and worn from your labor, you will return to your homes wiser and better than when you came . .JC .JC .JC ADDRESS OF JAMES N. BROWNING, LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR. President Prather: I am very sure that those of us who have listened to the admira­ble address of Governor Sayers will hope that he will never have occasion to prepare a set speech when he comes to address us. It is now my pleasure to introduce to you a gentleman who 1901.] The University Record. 313 comes from the high plains of Texas where freemen live, and who himself has ever been a friend of education and of this institution. I introduce to you Lieutenant-Governor Browning. Lieutenant-Governor Browning: Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: I hardly know what to say since listening to Governor Sayers' address. He seems to have CQIVered the entire ground. Never­theless, I am glad to be with you on this occasion. As I stand here there come to me reflections which it would hardly be out of place in me to present to you. Permit me to con­trast your opportunities with mine when I was of your age. I had not the good fortune to attend a university or any of the hlgh grade schools to secure an education. My schooling consisted of about eight or nine months' attendance at a country school, in a log cabin scho<>l house in the backwoods of Arkansas, where we sat on benches, made of split logs hewn smooth, placed upon wooden pegs and without backs to lean against. There, and in that way, I secured my common school education, and very common it wae. I secured what I term my university education by poring over my books at night by a light made of pine knots. My father was a poor man, and died before I was old enough to attend school. When I was eleven years old the great Civil War broke out, and during that war we had no schools in the country where I lived. My people lost what little they had by the war, and when it closed and peace was declared, we moved to Texas. I went West, and cast my lot with the cowboys. Recognizing at all times the importance of an education, I studied my books all the time I could spare when about the ranch. I was prompted in so doing by a purpose or ambition to inform myself, and that is one thing I would impress upon each and every one of you today. You will pardon the much-worn quotation: "Life is real, life is earnest, And the grave is not its goal; Dust thou art, to dust returnest, Was not written of the Soul." You must educate yourselves; you must expand your minds, for as you expand the mind you expand the soul, and fit yourselves for The University Record. [December, the battle of life and for eternity. Single out and f.orm in your minds some one purpose to achieve and work to that end. "The man who seeks one thing in life, and but one, May hope to achieve it before life be done; But he who seeks all things, wherever he goes, Only reaps from the hopes which around him he sows, A harvest of barren regrets." If you were to see an officer, with a great army under his com­mand, expecting soon to go to battle with the enemy, and he were to make n9 effort to drill and inform his men in military maneuv­ers, or to train them in any manner, you would promptly pro­nounce him a poor officer, and would predict for him sure defeat. The soldier must be drilled before he knows how to fight; the prize­fighter does not engage in a pugilistic encounter until after long preparation. Now, young men and young women, you are begin­ning to train yourselves for the great battle of life. Let your train­ing be thorough and complete, for on this depends largely your success in fighting life's battle. The patriotic founders of this great State wisely laid the foun­dation for this University, and for our entire educational system, and today we are not only proud of this institution, but pr<>ud of our whole system for educating the youths of the State. Although this University was endowed by the patriots who rescued this fair land from Mexican rule, it is today in its infancy, and, as Governor Sayers has told you, its good name and reputation are in your hands during the remainder of this session. Will you maintain and keep it up to its proper standard? Will you be in condition when you return home to your parents truthfully to state to them that you have, while here, conducted yourself as a lady or a gentle­man? A lady or a gentleman will be such I care not in what sta­tion in Me she or he may be placed. Be diligent; be earnest in your studies. Opportunity knocks but once at your door. Be ready to take advantage of it at the proper time. Wise laws may be passed and His Excellency may execute them, but neither he nor myself, as Presi­dent of the Senate, nor the Speaker of the House, can help you. You must help yourselves. The State has offered you these splen­did advantages to help you along, but it is you, and you alone, that ran accept them and receive the benefits thereof. You are the architects of your own fortunes. 1901.] Tlie University Record. 315 YQu have just cause to be proud of the head of this institution, and we congratulate you; in fact, the entire State is proud of him. You will find in him a friend who can and will assist you, and he is helping the State to build up a citizenship upon which the whole world may look with admiration. You are a part of the material on which he is working, and it devolves u~n you to do your part to guarantee his success. ADDRESS OF R. E. PRINCE, SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTA­TIVES. President Prather, introducing Mr. Prince: I am sure that every one in this audience will be glad to have presented to him the gentleman who announced that with pride he cast his vote, when there was a tie, for the erection of the woman's building. I take great pleasure in presenting to you the Hon. R. E. Prince, Speaker of the House of Representatives. )fr. Prince: Ladies and Gentlemen: The Constitution of our State proclaims that "a general diffus­ion of knowledge is essential to the preservation of the liberties and rights of the people,'' and to carry into effect the principle of civil government so proclaimed, that same instrument provides fQr the establishment of a university of the first class, and this University has been wrought out as a result of those constitutional provisions. This institution, therefore, is dedicated to the protection Qf the liberties and rights of the people, and was intended to be conse­crated to this purpose by the framers of our organic law. In accepting the benefits which the State has provided in the erection and maintenance of this University, you, and each of you, have entered into a solemn compact with the State, whereby yQu have obligated yourself to carry out your part, whether it be con­spicuous or humble, in furthering the purpose for which this insti­tution was founded, the preservation and perpetuation of the rights and liberties of the people. This government was born of the same exalted purpose, and its safety and continuance rest upon the per­petuation of the rights then achieved. By heritage, through the grandeur of the work of the founders of this government, and The University Record [December, through their high and noble achievements, you are, as American citizens, set apart to the single purpose of preserving those rights and liberties of the people which were established in the birth of this republic. But in accepting the benefits of this institutiQn, erected that the principles of the republic might be more strongly protected, you have in a special and individual way pledged your­selves anew to their support and perpetuation, and have entered into a personal compact with your State with that end in view. Each of you is the center of habits of thought and modes of life of your own creation, whose constraint may be fatal. You are the builders of your own life so far as thought and action are involved, and by vicious construction you may become the prisoner to your own follies. You, yourself, may become the hopeless, helpless, prostrate prisoner of your own fatal habits and vicious thoughts, and I warn you against the grievous and deadly bondage thus self­infiict.ed. The wisest lesson ever learned is the lesson of self-exam­ination, because from that self-control is sure to follow. If one can stand up before one's self, and under his awful responsibility to Almighty God and to himself, honestly analyze his motives and acts, he can, as a result, accomplish the greatest good his life can accomplish, because he will be constantly moved to higher pur­poses and nobler resolves, and will at last reach the height of the golden rule, where in considering one's own rights he must neces­ sarily consider and protect the rights of others. In speaking of the rights of others, I am brought to the message which I came to deliver. In the Legislature, session aft-er session, there recurs a fight over the appropriations for this institution, and in your presence I dare to say that those who have opposed the appropriations have grounded their opposition on what they believe is sound principle, and it becomes no one to question their motive when the language of the Constitution is studied. One of the obstacles that the friends of this institution have to overcome, session after session, in :fighting its battle, is an unjust criticism of the minority by students of the University, charging such minor­ity with motives that they never possessed and bringing about a friction Qf feeling that ought never to exist. Of course this criti­cism is born of the love you bear this institution, and is a short­coming that the minority, in a measure, overlooks as a fault of impetuom youth, and not a crime of deliberate judgment. Equally may it be said that the opposition to the appropriations springs 1901.] The University Record. 317 from a veneration for the Constitution, which is a virtue and not a fault. The point always at issue in this controversy is the proper construction of the language used in the Constitution in connec­tion with the University, and while the contention that it permits appropriations for the purpose sought by the bill has always been espoused by the majority, yet there is ample room for a well grounded doubt upon the question. One of the commanding principles of our civil government, and one of the grandest rights of an individual, which by your com­pact with the State in accepting the benefits of this University you have solemnly agreed to protect and perpetuate, is the right of private opinion and individual judgment. Therefore, you are impelled by your obligation to protect the minority in the right to their opinion if there is reasonable, although doubtful, ground upon which to base it. It is easy for one honest mind to come to a conclusion about the meaning of certain language altogether dif­ferent from the conclusion of another mind just as honest, and such difference of opinion ought not to be the subject of harsh criti­cism. To illustrate how easily different constructions may be put on the same language, I shall recur to an incident that happened in Congress years ago. In the course of a heated debate in that forum one member, forgetting himself under passion, charged a fellow member with being a scoundrel. Such language, of course, was unparliamentary, and punishable under the rules. The offend­jng member was given the choice of retracting his charge in as public a manner as it was made, or being dealt with under proceed­ings of impeachment, and was allowed until the following day to come to a decisi'On as to what he would do. On the following morning the offending member arose in his seat, and recurring to the incident said, "I said he was a scoundrel, it is true; and I am sorry for it," and the House construed the language to mean that the offending member had apologized, admitting he was sorry he had made so serious a charge against his fellow member. When the j'Ournal appeared the next day, however, it read as follows, "I said he was a scoundrel: it is true, and I am sorry for it," aind thus punctuated plainly indicated that the offending member was only sorry that his grievous charge was true. From that good day until now the controversy has gone on as to whether the offending member apologized for using the objecti'Onable language, or whether he perpetuated his charge by putting it in enduring form. 318 T lie University Record. [December, Sometimes the meaning of language used in the Constitution is just as hard to arrive at, and it is not treason for two honest minds to differ in construing such language. In considering the section 'Of the Constitution relating to the University, one can scarcely escape the conclusion that the Legislature has no power to appro­priate any money from the general revenues of the State for the support and maintenance of this institution, but that all appro­priations so made should become a part of the permanent fund, the earnings 'Ollly of which could become available for such pur­poses. Unless you construe that provision of the Constitution in the light of the general power given to the Legislature to make such appropriations for maintenance and support, the contention urged by the minority would be, indeed, hard fo overcome, but when sou reconcile the different sections bearing on the subject then it appears to me that the Legislature has the power to make the appropriation for the purposes named. In my judgment, the diver­sity of opinion and the opposition to the University is the out­growth of the different constructions that can be put upon the lan­guage of the Constitution, and I warn you that the interests of this institution are not subserved by cruel denunciation of the minority, because by such denunciation you deny the minority the right to their opinion, and at the same time set at naught such opinion without meeting the force of their argument. I commend the provisions of the Constituti-on relating to the matt~r to you for study, because only by forceful argument and cogent reasoning can the difficulties of construction be overcome, and for that you ought to be prepared. In my opinion, this controversy over the consti­tutional construction will never cease until it is adjudicated by the highest court, or until the Constitution is amended so as to elim­inate the difficulty, and as these two contingencies seem remote, it becomes all the more necessary for the friends of the University to be prepared with argument and reason to combat the adverse view. In this controversy that comes session after session, I believe the minority is actuated in its conclusion by the same high sense of right that moves the majority. Both sides, in my judgment, are hone;:tly looking at the Constitution with the same idea in view, aml that is to arrive at its proper meaning, and in all my service in the Legislature I have never seen a member moved in this or any other act by any but the purest and best motives. There is no wanton opposition to this great institution by any 190 I.] The University Record. 319 member, but those who oppose the appropriations for it base their opposition on constitutional limitations. The Constitution is our organic law, and is the corner stone of our rights and liberties, and ought to be protected and obeyed. The minority believes that the Constitution inhibits the Legislature from appropriating money from the general revenue for the maintenance and support of this institution, and so believing, it was their duty, I say to you, although I differ with them, to have voted as they did. The high­est prerogative of a member of the Legislature, as well as his most solemn duty, is to .be guided by the provisions of the Consfitution, and where they are doubtful and have not been adjudicated, he must perforce face the great responsibility of coming to his own conclusion as to its meaning in the light of his oath as a member to support and defend it. So I would have you say to the minority, instead of commenting on their action as unpatriotic, that while you differ from them on its construction, yet you commend them in their earnest endeavor to support the Constitution. If you arm yourselves with reasons sufficient to convince them, my belief is that they will be only too willing to be convinced, because they have no unreasoning hostility to this institution, but on the con­trary, from my service in the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh Legislatures, I am forced to believe that among all the members there was an abiding interest and pride in this University which would impel even the minority to make liberal appropriations for it if they thought there were no constitutional objections. In closing, I must not omit to say something which I would have each of you personally to appropriate, and I shall urge you to abide by the quotation from Lucile which Lieutenant-Governor Browning has already used: "He who has one object in life, and but one, May hope to achieve it before life is done," and to nobly achieve such object you must further abide by the injunction given by the greatest outside of the inspired writers, "To thine own self be true, And it must follow, as the night the day, Thou cans't not then be false to any man,'' remembering always, that in being true to yourself necessarily you must also be true to the other fellow. 320 T lie Unive1·sity Record. [December, .ADDRESS OF ARTHUR LEFEVRE, SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. President Prather: I take pleasure in presenting to the audience the Superintendent of Public lmtruction, who is no stranger in this hall, Professor Lefevre. Mr. LefeYre : Mr. President of the Unii·ersity, Gentlemen of the Faculty, Young Ladies and Gt!ntleinen: It is with heartfelt pleasure that I offer the University of Texas congratulations and loving good wishes on my own part, and almost equally wam1 sentiments on the part of the elementary and secondary schools of this State, upon this auspicious occasion, when her nineteenth recurring session is opening. I feel that I ought to bespeak at the outset your kind allowances. When I was called by telephone yesterday afternoon and invited to take part in these exercises, my heart leaped to an acceptance; but I am here against the prote:e::t of kind physicians, who blame in my present action what they in effect call self-will or lack of common sense,-the actual terms employed by one of them were more objurgatory. But I am here somewhat like the little boy who at a Sunday school picnic was found in tears by one of the ladies who were dispensing ice cream. Her tender inquiries elicited the information that a pain in the stomach was the cause of his distress, but her sugges­tion that under the circumstances it might be better not to eat any ice cream was met with scornful dissent, "It will take a heap worse pain than this to keep me from eating ice cream." Even so I may say it would take more than a raging ear to keep me from offering my greetings to the University of Texas this day, or to cause me bo neglect the special duty and privilege of offering the salutations of that portion of the educational system of Texas officially repre­sented by me to the honored head and crown of the whole system. It was perfectly clear to the early law-makers of Texas, remark­ably enlightened as they were, that the entire educational work of the State, from the elementary schools to the State University, constituted one vitally organized system. And in spite of much inchoate confusion, such is the fact today; but it is a fact that needs to be uncovered from thoughtless prejudices which stifle the life and vigor of the chief agency of the State for the general uplifting and advancement. For there is in some quarters a nQtion that the public schools and the University are antagonistic claim­ants upon the fostering care of the State; and patriotic men rise up to champion the "common schools" in oppositiQn to what they imagine to be the conflicting interests of a "higher education." It ought to be obvious that, if for no Qther reason, the University is indispensable in order to supply teachers for the lower schools. The worst affliction that could befall the entire system would be paralysis or derangement at the top. I am CQnvinced that it is this phase of the question which needs tactful explanation in order to secure due recognition of the State University by our law­makers; and that any failure properly to maintain and develQp the institution is due rather to the misconception I have mentioned than to any estrangement on account Qf the ill-considered criticisms against which you have just been warned, and wisely warned, by your good friend, the Honorable Speaker of the House of Represent­atives. The most direct service that enlightened friends of the Uni­versity could render both to this institution and fo the common­wealth would be to spread broadcast the knowledge which is requi­site for a right understanding of the function of a university in the economy of its commonwealth; and I would seize the present opportunity to direct the attention of all who wish to clarify and deepen their own understanding in this matter to the incomparable address delivered in this hall in June, 1894, by Professor Thorn­ton, of the University of Virginia. That address leaves little to be said upon the subject, and it will convince any man who reads it. Our entire citizenship needs to understand that nothing could be more blind than to suppose that only those who attend a school where any high degree of culture is attained are benefited by that school. The truth is, all higher education, or anything that leads thereto, is of incalculable worth to society at large in countless ways. Water runs down hill, yet the earth were sterile if water did not ascend to the sky. Men seem prone to notice and praise only the descending rain, and the powerful down-flowing streams. Even so in the flow of life, the majority of us seem able to see only the mechanical results as life spends itself in downward streaming activities of work and enjoyment, and are blind to the effects of ascending thought and emotion, though from that ascent comes the whole force and meaning and worth of life. I can mention only one more particular aspect of the organic relations existing between the University and the common schools. All vital impulses in matters educational necessarily proceed from above, permeating downward; and it may be said that the Univer­sity of Texas, in the course of her development, has nobly dis­charged this one of her functions. A steadfast policy of seeking closer relations with the high schools and academies of the State has been fruitful of the most beneficial stimulus of those institu­tions. The best schools of the State are now affiliated with the University, and regard it as their true guide, counselor, and friend. It is not necessary to set forth the far-reaching benefits to the public of such relations, established and fostered as they have been by the practical wisdom and unostentatious labors of the Uni­versity Faculty. Only one word of caution seems necessary. The desire to increase the number of affiliated schools must never lead to allowing the standards of affiliation to be disingenuously applied; that is to say, maintaining them in nominal regulations, but low­ering them in practical application. Public confidence in the Uni­versity is intimately involved in the practical policies which govern the University's conduct in this regard, and they can not be too carefully considered. It is needless to emphasize further the essential function of the University in preparing teachers for the secondary schools; but it ought to be added that every academic graduate of the University should be more than welcome as a teacher in the common schools without further certification, and all friends of the common schools ought to seek to remove the blemish in our law by which it fails to recognize titled graduates of the State University as qualified to teach in the public schools. The School of Pedagogy may well stand upon its own merits without bolstering by a statute which refuses to license titled graduates of the University, unless courses in that school have been pursued. Of course, no graduate of the University need fear the examination for a teachers' certificate: but under conditions where scholarship is so conspicuously needed among our teachers, no more fatuous policy could be conceived than one which in any wise tends to discourage or prevent University graduates from giving themselves to the work of teaching in the common schools. 1901.] The University Record. 323 Let us turn for a moment to the more intimate affairs of the University. Since my return after two years' absence from Austin I have noted with joy many signs of progress, some full of encour­agement and promise for the future. Other changes bring up sad memories. One expects changes in the student body; but I miss sadly some faces in the Faculty. You have lost, too, in the destruc­tion Qf Lake McDonald rare facilities for the cultivation of one of the best forms of athletic sports, one from which I once hoped nobler developments than can ever be expected from rough and tumble games,-though not the least censure of the latter is here involved. Among the happier changes, too numerous to mention, testify­ing to the vigor of your rapid growth, not the least conspicuous is the much needed improvement of University Hall. The dear old "peripatos," too, ought not to pass unmentioned, dear for the mem­ories of the manly and devoted enthusiasm for all that concerned alma mater displayed by him who conceived and instituted it. I see it is being extended along the south side of the campus. But, my good friends, I cannot refrain from inquiring, what means the uncouth fence that bars all entrance on the north side and makes of the University grounds a cul-de-sac for all who innocently enter them while riding or driving? May not an old friend take the liberty of suggesting to you that the good people of Austin cannot but regard this vagary as a churlish return for their generous response to your call for help in improving the campus? There are intrinsic reasons both in the msthetic and polite amenities of life which condemn the act that compels your good friends liv­ing north of the campus to drive all the way round and come back from the south side if they wish to visit the University; but if you will consult the files of the Statesman you will find that consid­erations of good faith confirm the dictates of good taste and com­mon sense. The situation of the University precludes any risk of objectionable traffic through the grounds ; but even if it were sur­rounded by busy streets, there would be no danger of heavy haul­ing over the brow of University Hill. It occurs to me at this point that I ought to congratulate you upon having at last reached the "thousand mark," as I think it is called in the morning bulletins-or do you also bulletin the record at noon and at sunset? And having congratulated you upon this achievement, allow me to express the hope that you will forthwith forget it. I speak in a jesting manner, but many a true word is 324 The University Record. [December, spoken in jest. The itch for numbers is a disease that noble edu­cational institutions need today to be especially upon their guard both to pre>ent and to cure, if symptoms of the infection appear. This educational itch presents some ridiculous features, but it is in truth a loathsome and serious malady. Until recent years the dis­ease seemed to confine itself to institutions "run" for the money that was "in it," or for some narrow and de-educational object. Previous to the last ten years I never knew a dignified institution to be attacked. Xow, alas, the contagion has reached some of the latter class. I seize the present opportunity to offer a word of warning to this irn•titution which I love so well, whose noble traditions and high aspirations are so dear to me, and upon whose character depend not only the health and grace of the flower of Texas youth, but vast and profound interests of the commonwealth. Young men and young women, let me assure you that your best friends are not concerned whether you number one thousand, or less, or more; but only that you learn to be useful, steadfast, and noble. It is not numbers, it is quality that is important. If the quality is cared for, the numbers will take care of themselves. Of course there are times when the matter of numbers needs to be considered in the way of appropriations for support, and so on, but it is sad to see the devoted interest of a thousand young hearts turned to fasten itself upon so insignificant a thing as the Registrar's count of their noses. Suppose the fateful "thousand mark'' had not been reached,-what then? Why, nothing of consequence. Turn that beautiful thing called college spirit to nobler objects. And first of all, see that it is in truth born and fostered among you. When a genuine college spirit is developed among you, many other good things will be added to it. And be sure the right college spirit cannot spring from much talk, whether braggart or begging; but only from rev­erence and esteem for the members of the Faculty, and from the friendships and joyous comradeship with fellow students, all in solidarity with like traditions of by-gone years. When such a col­lege spirit prevails among you there will be no danger that alumni will forget alma mater. The Faculty must see to it that the young men and young women who leave these walls with the University's seal of approval in the form of a degree shall truly merit both in attainments and in character that high endorsement.. Then will 1901.J The University Record. 321> all your legitimate aims be realized in due time. The State of Texas is not niggardly. She will provide for this institution as time proceeds whatever a meritorious alumni demands for it. Meanwhile, one practical aim should be to secure statutory pro­visi"On for the maintenance of the University, which would save both the Legislature and the institution the wasteful and injurious expenditure of energy required to secure biennial appropriations. The best form of statutory provision would be a tenth of a mill tax. Such a tax would be no burden upon the material industries "Of the State, yet it would be sufficient to give assured prosperity to the University. It is the way in which the most prosperous and economically administered State universities in this nation are maintained, and the question is to be commended to the thoughtful consideration of all friends of Texas. You young folks have received this morning so much good advice concerning your external responsibilities to yourselves, to society, and to alma mater, that I am unwilling to add more in that vein. Be diligent, but do not be dull. There is more to be learned in college than is furnished in the books or even expounded in the lectures. Do not neglect general reading. Make friends. For the formation of friendships which will last through life, youth is the natural and proper period, and though the holy joys and priceless uses of friendship are as perennial as they are precious ; neverthe­ less, there is a peculiar ard"Or and zest in their enjoyment in youth, an enjoyment which exerts inestimable good effects through life; and if the golden opportunity be missed it is seldom found at a later period. In closing, I can only reiterate my high hopes and earnest good wishes for you, and offer again the cordial salutations of the ele­ mentary and secondary schools in Texas to this their crowning edu­ cational institution. May the University of Texas ever be safeguarded from any mis­ taken principles or policies whereby educational institutions lose their chastity. May it stand steadfast forever, free from all fric­ tion, political, sectarian, or internal, adhering unflinchingly to the principle that education is the sole aim of schools; and as my last word I beg that you do not misunderstand what I mean by educa­ tion. I do not mean kn"Owledge, nor yet mental discipline. Knowledge and mental discipline are the material, education is the architecture; and it comprehends intelligent sympathy with The University Record. [December, every activity of human hand or head or heart, and in its highest and ultimate seme ought to include those paramount elements which may be designated by the terms character and piety. $. $. $. A.DDRESS OFT. W. GREGORY, ESQ. President Prather: I now ha1e the pleasure of introducing to this audience a pro­duct of the University, who occupies a high position upon the Board Qf Regents, the Honorable T. W. Gregory. lir. Gregory: Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: I am here today a;; the local representative of the Board of Regents, the governing body of the University of Texas, to extend greetings to the incoming student-body. Some seventeen years ago I passed out from the walls of this institution, and since then, whenever the gathering call of the clans has sounded and the great occasions of this institutiQn have come round year by year, I have always experienced the sensation of the old war-horse, who sruified the battle from afar, or rather that of the highland chieftain when he said, "liy foot is on my native heath, and my name is ~IcGregor." What little I have to say today will be said with a view fo your comfort and happiness, and therefore will be shortly said. But there are one or two ideas which I would feel that I had been craven to duty if I did not suggest to this audience today, composed of so many who have come from every county in this State, perhaps, and who fQr the first time are entering upon their duties in connection with this great institution of learning. I have heard, sometimes from rather curious sources, that you are objects of charity provided for by the State, that your rights are those of the man whQ receives his bread from alien hands. Let me say here and now, in this presence, that the privileges which you enjoy are won by the same blood which earned for you con­ stitutional liberty and the right of free speech; let me say here and now that the men who bled at San Jacinto and builded broad and deep the foundatiQns of this government gave to you, not as a gift, but as a privilege, the right to come to this great institution and to enjoy here without money and without price all that the greatest institutions of Europe and of America can give. You are not aliens, not strangers, not objects of charity, but you are here in your father's house, heirs and joiTut heirs to an inheritance that will last through all the ages, and the officers of this institution are merely the instruments provided by law for seeing that this glorious privilege is pro}>erly extended. I wish, my fellow-students -for such we are, all that have been, all that are now, and all that will be-to say to you that you are exercising privileges which were dearly bought, and are carrying out the plan of men whose wisdom has never been surpassed in building this corner stone of popular government; and when the time comes which tests the institutions 'Of Texas, the men who stand upon the deck will come from these walls, and the men who stand shoulder to shoulder at the Screan Gate to