The University Record. PROFESSOR W. J. BATTLE, Editor-in-Chief. EDITORIAL BOARD: President WM. L. PRATHER, Professor L. M. CASIS, Professor W. J. BATTLE, Professor W. B. PHILLIPS, Professor F. V\7• SIMONDS, Professor T. W. PAGE, Professor J. C. TOWNES, Professor A. J. SMITH, Professor A. C. ELLIS, Professor W. 8. CARTER, Registrar J. A. LoMAX. THE UNIVERSITY RECORD is published quarterly; subscription, one dollar a year; single copies, thirty-five cents. Advertisemen.ts, one page, $15; half page, t7.50, with 25 per cent. discount on contracts for a year. Address business communications to JOHN A. LOMAX, Business Manager, Austin, Texas. [Entered as second-class mail matter at the postoffice at Austin, Texas.] THE UNIVERSITY RECORD. VOL. IV.-DEOEMBER, 190~.-NO. 4. CONTENTS: THE CONSTITUTION AND THE UNIVERSITY.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. YANCEY LEWIS•. ..•.•..••••• .415 HAS THE RAILROAD COMMIS­SION OF TEXAS SUCCEEDED IN PREVENTING DISCRIMI­NATIONP .......... ...........A. DEUSSEN.................422 TOWNES'S TEXAS PLEADINGS:B. R. GAINES .. .........•...•. 462 ADDRESS OF WELCOME AT THE OPEN:ENGOF'l'HESOUTHERN PRESBYTERIAN SEMINARY, AT AUSTIN, OCTOBERl, 1902.W••J. BATTLE • • . ..•••••••.•••465 THE UNIVERSITY: General Notes-Tbe Opening, 468; New Members of tbe Faculty, 469; Christian Influences in tbe University, 473; Recent Bul­letins of tbe University of Texas Mineral Survey, 474; Resolutions of the Senior Class on the Death of John Riddell McKellar ......................................... .475 Student Interests.................. ........... ...........••••••476 Notes of the Law Department ............................... .484 Notes and Personals from the Medical Department.. ..........485 Athletics . . . ... . . ...•.•. .. . . .. ... .. ... .. ... .... . . .. . . .. ...... ...488 Matters of Public Interest from the Minutes of the Faculty.... 492 From the Transactions of the Board of Regents ......... .......493 The Texas Academy of Science. . . . . . . . .. . • • • . • . . . . . . . . ....•. .494 The Texas State Historical Association.... ....................495 DIRECTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY. Board of Regents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... ..•.•.497 Standing Committees of the Board.. . . ....................497 Faculty and Other Officers of the Main University....... ....497 Standing Committees of tbe Faculty........................500 Students of the Main University. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......... 501 Affiliated Schools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • • • . . . 532 Students' Association... ........................ ......... ....554 The Women Students' Association . . .. ... ................. ....554 Contents. Class Offi.cers: Academic Department, 555; Law Department, 555; En­ gineeri~g Department........•...•.••......... ..... .... ....555 Literary Societies: Athenreum, 555; Rusk, 556; Ashbel, 556; Sidney Lanier, 557; Oratorical Association, 557; Debating Council.. ........557 Young Men's Christian Association.......•....................557 Young Women's Christian ~.ssociation....................... .558 Athletic Organizations: Athletic Council, 558; Athletic Association, 559; Football Team .......................................................559 Musical Organizations: Glee Club, 559; Band . . . . .. . . . . . .. ........................560 Student Publications: The U. of T. Literary Magazine, 560; The Cactus, 560; The Texan....... . . . . . ...............................•.....560 The University Co-Operative Society. . ...•••.......••..••••••561 University Hall Association......................... .........561 Engineers' Club .. ...... .. ..... ........ . ... . ....................561 Engineers' Exchange. . . . . .......................................561 Fraternities: Phi Delta Theta, 561; Beta Theta Pi, 562; Kappa Sigma, 562; Sigma Alpha Epsilon, 562; Sigma Chi, 563; Kappa Alpha, 563; Sigma Nu, 563; Obi Phi, 564; Phi Phi Phi, 564; Alpha Tan Omega, 564; Phi Gamme Delta, 564; Pi Beta Phi, 565; Kappa Kappa Gamme ............................ 565 Alumni Association. . . . . . . . . . . . . ..............••.••••..••... .. 565 Faculty and Officers of the Medical Department....••••......•.566 Students of the Medical Department. . . . . . ....•......••••, .•••567 Class Officers in the Medical Department: School of Medicine, 577; School of Pharmacy, 577; School of Nursing ...................... ..................... ......577 University Hall Club.... ... ..... .... ....... .. ........•••.......577 Clubs: Sigma, 578; Alpha Mu Pi Omega Medical Fraternity, 578; The Jolly Bone Jugglers, 578; The Cotillion Club ...........578 Sealy Hospital Internee..........•••. ..........••.••...•.......579 Alumni Association............................................579 U. of T. Pharmaceutical Association..........................579 THE UNIVERSITY RECORD. VOL. IV-DEOE.M.BER, 1902.-NO. 4. THE CONSTITUTION AND THE UNIVERSITY. YANCEY LEWIS, PROFESSOR OF LAW. At each session of the Legislature the question of its power to appropriate funds from the general revenue for the support and maintenance of the University recurs. It is proposed in this arti­cle to collate the different provisions of the Constitution bearing upon the question and to consider them in the light of a few plain rules of constitutional construction. Art. III, Sec. 42: "The Legislature shall pass such laws as may be nee· essary to carry into effect the provisions of this Constitution." Art. III, Sec. 48: "The Legislature shall not have the right to levy taxes or impose burdens upon the people except to raise revenue sufficient for the economical administration of the government, in which may be included the following purposes: * * * "The support of public schools, in which shall be included colleges and universities established by the State; and the maintenance and support of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas. "The support of the Blind Asylum, the Deaf and Dumb Asylum, and the Insane Asylum, the State Cemetery and the public grounds of the State." Article VII of the Constitution has the general title, "Educa­tion," and the sections of this general title are grouped under three heads, the Public Free Schools, Asylums, and University. "Section I. A general diffusion of knowledge being essential to the preservation of the liberties and rights of the people, it shall be the duty of the Legislature of the State to establish and make suitable provision for the support and maintenance of a.n efficient system of public free schools." "Section 10. The Legislature shall, as soon as practicable, establish, organize, and provide for the maintenance, support and direction of a uni­versity of the first class, to be located by a vote of the people of this State, and styled 'The University of Texas,' for the promotion of literature, and the arts and sciences, including an agricultural and mechanical depart­ment. "Section 11. In order to enable the Legislature to perform the duties set forth in the foregoing section, it is hereby declared that all lands and other property heretofore set apart and appropriated for the establishment and maintenance of 'The University of Texas,' together with all the pro­ceeds of sales of the same, heretofore made or hereafter so to be made, and all grants, donations, and appropriations that may hereafter be made by the State of Texas, or from any other source, shall constitute and become a permanent University fund. And the same as realized and received into the treasury of the State (together with such sum, belonging to the fund, as may now be in the treasury), shall be invested in bonds of the State of Texas, if the same can be obtained; if not, then in United States bonds, and the interest accruing thereon shall be subject to appropriation by the Legislature to accomplish the purpose declared in the foregoing sec· tion; provided, that the one-tenth of the alternate sections of the lands granted to railroads, reserved by the State, which were set apart and appro­priated to the establishment of 'The University of Texas,' by an act of the Legislature of February 11, 1858, entitled 'An Act to establish "The University of Texas,'" shall not be included in or constitute a part of the permanent University fund." "Section 12. The l:and herein set apart to the University fund shall be sold under such regulations, at such times, and on such terms, as may be provided by law; and the Legislature shall provide for the prompt col­lection, at maturity, of all debts on account of University lands, hereto­fore sold, or that may hereafter be sold, and shall in neither event have the power to grant relief to the purchasers. "Section 13. The Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, estab­lished by an act of the Legislature, passed April 17, 1871, located in the county of Brazos, is hereby made and constituted a branch of the Uni­versity of Texas, for instruction in agriculture, the mechanic arts and the natural sciences connected therewith. And the Legislature shall, at its next session, make an appropriation, not to exceed $40,000, for the construction and completion of the buildings and improvements, and for providing the furniture necessary to put said college in immediate and successful operation. "Section 14. The Legislature shall also, when deemed practicable, estab­lish and provide for the maintenance of a College or Branch University for the instruction of the colored youths of the State, to be located by a vote of the people; provided, that no tax shall be levied, and no money appro­priated out of the general revenue, either fo.r this purpose or for the estab­lishment and erection of the buildings of the University of Texas. "Section 15. In addition to the lands heretofore granted to the Uni­versity of Texas, there is hereby set apart and appropriated, for the endowment, maintenance and support of s·aid University and its branches, one million acres of the unappropriated public domain of the State, to be designated and surveyed as may be provided by law; and said lands shall be sold under the same regulations, and the proceeds invested in the same manner as is provided for the sale and investment of the perma­ment University fund; and the Legislature shall not have power to grant any relief to the purchasers of said lands." Upon these articles of the Constitution three constructions have been based: 1. That the Legislature has no power to appropriate funds raised by taxation in aid of the University for any purpose what­soever. 2. That the Legislature has the power to appropriate funds raised by taxation in aid of the University, but that the same must become a part of the permanent University fund and be invested in bonds, the interest thereon to be subject to appropriation. 3. That the Legislature has power to appropriate money from the general revenue for the maintenance and support of the Uni­versity, but not for the establishment and erection of the buildings thereof. By way of preliminary to the consideration of these several views, the following principles of construction are stated, in the belief that they are regarded as sound by courts and lawyers: The object of construction, as applied to a written constitution, is to give effect to the intent of the people in adopting it. To ascertain such intent, the construction must be based upon an examination of the whole instrument and not upon single clauses. It must give effect to every section and clause in the constitution relating to a particular subject-matter. It must be reasonable and not strained or artificial. It should regard the general purpose or intent of provisions relating to a particular subject-matter as the key to the meaning of subsidiary parts, and should enlarge or constrict the meaning of particular clauses and words in such parts if necessary to effectuate, and not defeat, the main intent. The first view is based upon the first sentence of Section 11. It urges that the clause "all grants, donations and appropriations that may hereafter be made by the State of Texas" is in antithesis to the clause "all lands and other property heretofore set apart and appropriated,'' and that the proper interpretation of the clause "grants, donations and appropriations" limits its meaning to such grant, donation or appropriation of land or properrty thereafter made by the State; that the words "in order to enable the Legis­lature to perform the duties set forth in the foregoing section" The University Record [December, restrict the Legislature t.o the exercise of the power in that sen­tence conferred; that this view is confirmed by the subsequent clause "and the interest accruing thereon shall be subject to appro­priation by the Legislature to accomplish the purpose declared in the foregoing section"; that consequently the Legislature has power to make appropria.tions or donations of land to the perma­nent fund of the University, but not power to make appropriations of money. The interpretation placed upon the clauses first set out is believed to be sound. It is reasonable to assume that the noun, •·appropriations," relates to the same idea as the verb "appropri­ated," used in immediate antithesis, and this verb refers to land and property. Furthermore, it will be perceived that if this word "appropriations" means appropriations of cash or money, then as soon as the interest of the permanent fund is appropriated by the Legislature, as authorized by the last half of Section 11, this inter­est, thus become an "appropriation," would become a part of the permanent fund, and the two parts of Section 11 are thus made self-destructive.. But the restriction of the power of the Legis­lature to the power conferred by Section 11 alone palpably ignores Section 48, Article III, whereby the Legislature is authorized to levy taxes and impose burdens upon the people for the support of public schools, including colleges and universities established by the State. This construction has had few advocates and is so manifestly untenable that it is not strange that for many years it has been practically abandoned. The second construction has had more persistent advocates, and rests upon firmer ground. It is founded on the same clause of Section 11 upon which the first is based, viz.: "All grants, dona­tions and appropriations that may hereafter be made * * * shall constitute and become a permanent University fund." If this clause were the only one relating to this matter, the view 1mggested would be beyond question; but there are other clauses which relate to the matter. Looking to all these clauses, let us apply to the second and third contentions the principles of con­struction heretofore stated, and see which is in accord therewith. Which construction will give effect to all the provisions of the Constitution relating to the subject-matter? By Section 42 of Article III, the Legislature is required to pass such laws as may be necessary to carry into effect the provisions of the Constitution. By Section 48 of Article III, the Legislature is authorized to make appropriations for the support of public schools, including colleges and universities established by the State. Under Section 14 of the University article, the Legisla­ture is required, when deemed practicable, to establish aud provide for the maintenance of a college or branch university for the instruction of the colored youths of the State, to be located by the vote of the people; provided, that no tax shall be levied, and no money appropriated out of the general revenue, either for this purpose or for the establishment and erection of the buildings of the University of Texas. This last section is as much a part of the Constitution as any other, and can not be overlooked or ignored. Such meaning must be given other provisions as will permit this section also to have meaning and effect. By this section the Legislature is inhibited to appropriate money out of the general revenue for the mainte­nance of a college for the instruction of colored youths or for the establishment and erection of the buildings of the University of Texas. Is the inhibition to appropriate money for the erection and establishment of buildings the same as the inhibition to appro­priate money for maintenance? It is a strained and artificial construction which so asserts. Did the makers of the Constitution intend that these words should mean the same thing? If they did, why did they not use the same words and provide that no tax shall be levied and no money appropriated out of the general rev­enue for the maintenance and support of a branch college or uni­versity for the instruction of colored youths or of the University of Texas? Which construction tends to effectuate and not to defeat the leading intent of the University provisions? It must be admitted that such leading intent is to be found in the provision, "The Legislature shall, as soon as practicable, estab­lish, organize and provide for the maintenance, support and direc­tion of a university of the first class." This intent divides itself. The Legislature is commanded ( 1) to establish a university of the first class, and (2) to do this as soon as practicable. It is appro­priate to pause at this point to emphasize the canon of construrtion here involved. 'This canon requires that those who seek a. consti­tutional intent shall in good faith accept the general purpose of related provisions and read the subsidiary clause.s, and enlarg3 or restrict their meaning, so as to accomplish the general purpose. It is just the opposite of that method by which those who, being opposed to the general purpose, construe the clauses providing means and agencies so as to defeat, to hinder or retard its accom­plishment. Let the constitutional purpose in this instance be accepted. Let it be unequivocally, unreservedly and loyally accepted. Let us begin to read from this point, viz., that the Con­stitution purposes, intends and commands the establishment of a university of the first class, as soon as practicable. If the second view is sound, then the establishment of a university of the first class would necessarily be postponed until that time when by suc­cessive legislative appropriations the principal or permanent fund of the University has become so large that the interest therefrom alone would be sufficient to maintain a university of the class commanded. It is an indirect and circuitous mode by which to accomplish a plain purpose. It imposes upon the Legislature the obligation to provide funds from which the people could not derive immediate benefit, but which should increase through the slow years until such time that the interest from its aggregate would be large enough to give to the people of the State the benefits of a university. It would not make possible the establishment of a university of the first class, as soon as practicable, but would offer strong inducement to the indefinite postponement of such estab­lishment. The other view, that the increase of the permanent fund might be used for buildings and the establishment, so to speak, of a university plant, and that the Legislature could make appropriations for current support and maintenance, beyond ques­tion, presents the more direct and quicker way to acomplish the constitutional purpose. Which is the reasonable construction? The second view is based upon a single clause. The third has regard for Section 48 of Article 3, whirh empow­ers the Legislature to provide for the support of public schools, including colleges and universities established by the State; for Section 10, Article 7, which commands the establishment of a uni­versity of the first class; for Section 14, which inhibits appropri­ation for the maintenance of the colored university, or for the establishment and erection of the buildings of the University of Texas. It is true this view constricts the meaning of the word "appropriations" in the clause "all grants, donations and appro­priations that may hereafter be made," found in Section 11, but, as we have seen, the fair interpretation of these words, looking to the context, justifies this constriction. The slightest regard for the other provisions of the Constitution compels such constriction. The third construction, when the Constitution is read with a view to accomplish and not defeat its purpose to have a uni­versity of the first class, is not merely reasonable; it embodies a practical policy of the highest wisdom. It enables the acquisition by the University of a permanent fund which, though it might be increased, should never be diminished; which should give stability to the University, and be an assurance of its perpetual existence; which should be the source from which, as the needs of the Uni­versity manifested themselves to its governing b<>ard, a certain fund for the extension of its buildings could be had. It recog­nizes both that the University must have enlargement of buildings according to its growth, and that the ability of the Legislature to make appropriation for maintenance will vary with the conditions of the State; that under some conditions it might be able to make large appropriations for maintenance, with the result that all rev­enues of the University derived from its permanent funds could be used for needed extensions and enlargement of buildings; that under other conditions the Legislature might not be able to make such appropriations, in which case the governing authorities of the University could refrain from growth and expansion and use the revenues from its permanent fund for support and maintenance. This construction enables the Regents of the University, according to the needs of the institution, and the Legislature, according to the financial condition of the State, to meet and perform the high and imperative mandate of the Constitution resting equally upon both, to establish and provide for the maintenance and sup­port of a university of the first class--the supreme and sovereign expression of a purpose which manifested itself at the earliest and nobleRt period in our history, is evidenced by the arraignment in the Declaration of Texas Independence of the authorities of Mex­ico for their failure to provide educational facilities, by the mes­sage of President Lamar urging provision for the establishment of imtitutions of higher learning, by the dedication of a site for the University by the commissioners of the Republic who located its capital, by provision made during all the succeeding years for the realization of this fixed policy of the founders of the Republic and of the State, to provide a complete system of education, related and symmetrical, co-ordinated in the very article of the Consti­tution now in question, based upon the public schools and com­pleted by a university, commensurate with the greatness of Texas, the glory of her history and the promise of her future HAS THE RAILROAD COMMISSION OF TEXAS SUC­ CEEDED IN PREVENTING DISCRIMINATION? [A thesis which procured for its author the Hancock Fellowship in Political Science for the year 1902-1903.] .A.. DEUSSEN. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Clark, F. C. State Railroad Commissions, and How They May be Made More Effective. (Publications of the American Economic Association, Vol. VI, 1891.) Hadley, A. T. Railroad Transportation, New York, 1892. Roberts, 0. M. The Judicial, Political, and Legislative History of Texas. (A Comprehensive History of Texas, Dudley G. Wooten, Editor, Dallas, 1898, Vol. II.) Wooten, Dudley G. Results of Fifty Years of Progress (ibid.). The Ten Annual Reports of the Railroad Commission of Texas. Bliss, W. D. P. Cyclopedia of Social Reforms, 2nd Ed., New York, 1898. Atlantic Monthly, Vol. 67, p. 386. Railroad Problems of the Imme­diate Future, by A. T. Hadley. Texas Almanac for 1870. Third Annual Report of the Interstate Commerce Commission. SYNOPSIS. Introduction. 1. The Problem. Part I. History of the Railroad Commission. 2. Railroad Construction in Texas. 3. Railroad Legislation in Texas. 4. History of the Commission Law. 5. Description of the Law. 6. Work of the Commission. Part II. The Problem of :Discrimination in Railway Charges. 7. The Problem Stated. 8. Definition of Discrimination. (1) Hadley. (2) Statute. 9. Difficulties involved. 10. Forms of Discrimination. ( 1) Between Freight Shipments. a. Between different Classes .of Goode. b. Between different Localities. c. Between different Shippers. ( 2) Between Passengers. 11. What the Power of Discrimination Means. 12. Summary. Part Ill. Has the Commission solved the Problem of Discrimination? 13. Method of Approach. 14. Means at the Disposal of the Commission. 15. Evidence of the Existence of Discrimination in the Paet. The Commission's Treatment of Discrimination. 16. Between different Classes of Goods. 17. Between different Localities. 18. Between Individual Shippers; 19. Statistics Which Prove That Discrimination Has Been Prevented. 20. General Effects of the Commission System. 21. Comparison with Other States. 22. Opinion of Leading Men in Texas. Conclusion. 23. Discrimination has been Prevented. 24. Final Statement. INTRODUCTION. 1. The preamble of the act creating the Railroad Commission of Texas, approved April 3, 1891, reads: "An Act to establish a Railroad Commission for the State ·of Texas, whereby discrimination and extortion in railroad charges may be pre­vented, and reasonable freight and passenger tariffs may be established; to prescribe and authorize the making of rules and regulations to govern the Commission and the railroads, and to afford railroad compa.nies and other parties adequate remedies; to prescribe penalties for the violation of this act, and to provide means and rules for its enforcement." The purpose of this thesis js to investigate whether "discrimi­nation and extortion in railroad charges," on the part of the rail­roads of Texas, has been prevented through the agency of the Railroad Commission, as contemplated in the provisions of the act establishing that commission. The abolition of discrimination is of vital interest to the people of Texas. On its successful exter­mination depends the future growth and prosperity of the State. If, as has been the custom in the past, interstate charges are low and State charges are high, it means that Texas producers must compete, not only with themselves, but with the producers of all the neighboring States. If, as has been the custom in the past, local rates are higher in proportion than competitive rates within this State, it means the death not only of the local shippers, but of the communities in which they live. If, as has been the custom in the past, one shipper is allowed lower rates than his competitors, it means that this favored shipper can sell at reduced prices, that he holds in his hands the power to drive these men eventually from their business. It is the solution of these and similar prob­lems with which the Railroad Commission has been confronted. It is the purpose of this paper to investigate how far these prob­lems have been solved. '!'here is a disposition that is even now manifesting itself in the political utterances of the State campaign now in progress, and that was discernable in the actions of the Twenty-sixth Legisla­ture, to discredit the work of this body. The sources of this attack are easily traceable, but they are of no concern to us here. This paper is not intended as an apology for the Railroad Commission, but I have thought that a careful and impartial investigation of the facts, based on approved methods, and in the interest of truth, might be of service to the people of Texas in making them acquainted with the true condition of affairs. At such impartial results this investigation has aimed. The dissertation will be divided into three parts. The first will describe the causes leading up to the formation of the Railroad Commission; the second will investigate the problem of discrimi­nation in detail; the third will attempt to discover if, and to what extent, the Railroad Commission has solved the precedin!! problem. PART I. HISTORY OF THE RAILROAD COMMISSION. 2. By way of introducing the subject under investigation, it may be in order to sketch very briefly the history of the Commis­siOn and the steps leading up to its formation. The purpose will be to show how the prevention of discrimination has been the underlying motive in the creation of that body. Railroad building i:ri Texas has exhibited no marked deviation from the general trend of that movement in the United States. That movement consisted of three distinct stages of growth, each of which covered about an equal period of time. These stages were: (1) Period of enthusiastic construction, 1830-1850. (2) Period of bitter competition, 1850-1870. (3) Period of extensive combination,1 1870-1902. These stages are roughly discoverable in the history of railroad construction in Texas. The first railroad actually constructed in Texas was the Gal­veston, Harrisburg & San Antonio, organized in 1853, running from Harrisburg, on Buffalo Bayou, to Stafford's Point, a distance of twenty miles. From 1854 up to the Civil War the building of railroads progressed rapidly. After the restoration of peace there was a renewed activity, and the result was that in 1870 there had been constructed 711 miles of railway.2 With little or no inter­ruption, railroad building has continually progressed until on .June 30, 1901, it had reached the ~mormous amount of 11,981.91 miles. The period of active competition was well enough defined to be characterized as a distinct epoch, there being in operation at its close in 1870 railroads to the number of eighteen. On .June 30, 1901, there were sixty-eight distinct roads in oper­ation, whereas in the preceding year there had been seventy-two, and for the year ending .June 30, 1899, there had been seventy­three. The tendency to consolidation since 1870 has been very marked, and is even now on the increase. ·Evidence has been recently adduced to the effect that the Texas & New Orleans; Galveston, Harrisburg & San Antonio; Gulf, W esterh Texas & Pacific; New York, Texas & Mexican; Galveston, Houston & Northern; San Antonio & Gulf; Houston, East & West Texas, and Houston & Texas Central Railroads are all under the control of the Southern 'Clark, "State Railroad Commissions," p. 10. 'Wooten, "Results of Fifty Years of Progress," p. 767. Pacific system, though pretenses to separate management are kept up. 3. Corresponding to these periods of construction there might be said to have been periods in the history of railroad legislation, determined by the three distinct policies in vogue. These periods were: (1) Period of freedom from interference, 1830-1850. (2) Period of general laws and statutes, 1854-1890. (3) Period of State interference or control, 1890-1901.1 These three epochs have also existed in the history of railroad legislation in Texas. Before 1850 many special laws were passed looking to the encouragement of railway building in Texas, but they had no effect. In 1854 a first general law was passed, which inaugurated the policy of land grants to railroads. The policy that prevailed from this time onward was the donation of lands outright to the railroad companies for lines of road actually constructed and put in operation, the State requiring the companies to survey and sec­tionize the public lands, the State and the railroads to receive the alternate sections, and the companies being required to alienate their lands within a reasonable term of years.2 Under these lib­eral inducements, which this policy inaugurat.ed, the building of railroads progressed rapidly. Then came the period of State interference and control. The improvident results of this ultra-liberal policy were not slow in making themselves felt in Texas, where they have elsewhere when liberal provisions prevailed, and there soon appeared the whole host of evils, the problem of the abolition of which constitutes what has been styled the railway question. "There had been a long series of events by which the material interests of the people of Texas had been seriously affected, to which their attention had been directed by the suits brought by the Attorney General to relieve the citizens from the oppression inflicted by the action of the railroad companies. These exactions aroused a poµular, vio­lent and widespread opposition to the railroad abuses, which made the political canvass of 1890 an unusually exciting one. The ques­tion discussed in which so much interest was felt was as to what 1Clark, "State Railroad Commissions," p. 12. 2Wooten, "Results of Fifty Years of Progress," p. 766. 1~02.] The University Record. measure could or should be adopted by the ensuing Legislature to prevent the railroad companies from forming combinations and levying and collecting a tax upon transportation at their own dis­cretion, for their own profit, and in disregard of the interests of the public."1 4. To facilitate legislative action on that subject, an amend­ment to the Constitution was adopted by the people on Novembel' 2, 1890, which reads: "Sec. 2. Railroads heretofore constructed or which may hereafter be constructed in this State are hereby declared public highways and rail­road companies common carriers. The Legislature shall pass laws to regulate railroad freight and passenger tariffs, to correct abuses, and prevent unjust discrimination and extortion in rates of freight and pas­senger tariffs on railroads in this State, and enforce the same by ade· quate penalties, and to further accomplish these objects and purposes may provide and establish all requisite means and agencies invested with such powers as may be deemed adequate and advisable." It must be remembered that the Granger movement, coupled with the Farmers' Alliance movement, was particularly active at this time in the agitation against the railroads, and especially against these abuses in discrimination. An effort had previously been made in Governor Ross's administration to establish a com­mission, but it failed, not because a commission was thought unnecessary, but principally because the terms of the constitu­tional provision did not authorize establishment of the commission that was proposed to the Legislature. This was the immediate occasion for the passage of the amendment above referred to. The efforts thus made are sufficient to show that there was generally thought to be a necessity for regulating the conduct of railroad companies by this State.2 James S. Hogg, who was then Attorney General, brought numerous suits against the companies, which exposed their abuses, compelling them to bring back their general offices into the State from which they had been removed, breaking up pooling combina­tions, recovering for the State land or land claims, upon the ground that they had been illegally obtained, and seeking also to prevent stock watering and discrimination.8 1Roberts, "The Judicial, Political, and Legislative History of Texas," p. 280. 'lb., p. 281. 'lb., p. 282. 4:28 The University Record. [December, Under the circumstances, and by reason of the popularity which the exposure and punishment of these abuses bought for him, Attorney General Hogg became a candidate for Governor, mainly on the issue of the railroads, and was elected. In his message of January 21, 1891, Governor Hogg recommended the creation and provision for the successful operation of a railway commission. 5. At the first regular session of the Twenty-third Legislature a law was passeJ, approved April 3, 1891, providing for the estab­lishment of a railroad commission, to be composed of three citi­zens appointed by the Governor, with general powers for the regu­lation of railroads in this State, by prescribing rates of freight to be charged upon the different railroads, and to have general super­vision upon their acts for the protection of the people of the State. The commission was constituted as a tribunal to hear complaints from either party about the business of the roads, and to make a determination which was subject to appeal to the courts of the State. The special feature of the law that concerns us here is the power it confers upon the Railroad Commission to prevent discrimination and extortiou.1 The law was modeled on the act creating the Interstate Com­merce Commission, and the Commission was of the Illinois type2 of State commissions,-that is, its functions were not only super­visory, advisory and recommendatory, but they were regulative and executory as well. 6. The Governor appointed as Commissioners the Hon. John H. Reagan, L. L. Foster and W. P. McLean. The Commissioners met in Austin on the 10th day of June, and organized for business. The Commission was sworn in on April 12, 1892. It began its work immediately after organization. To give a detailed account of the operations of the Commission since the time of its organization until the present day is beyond the scope of this paper. It would be sufficient to state that among the duties of the Commission is that of gathering information by means of reports, required of the railroads each year, concern­ing track mileage, earnings from freight, passenger, and other sources, operating expenses, tonnage and many other matters nec­essary to enable the Commission to understand the condition of 1Roberts, "The Political, Legislative, and Judicial History of Texas," p. 286. 2Clark, "State Railroad Commissions," p. 32. 1902.l The University Record. each railroad in the State at that time. The records of twelve complete years are thus available foi: study and comparison, and it is possible to show the effect of State regulation of railroads for each year since the Railroad Commission was organized. Under its operation the mileage of railroads up to June 30, 1900, has increased 1212.92 miles. Only two States in the Union have now a greater mileage than Texas, and these are Pennsylvania and Illinois, whereas in 1890 there were four States,-Pennsylvania, Illinois, Kansas and Iowa,-that surpassed Texas in this respect, indicating beyond all question of doubt that railroad building has not only not been arrested' in this State, but that it has kept pace fully with other parts of the Union.1 On June 30, 1891, the average income from operation of each mile of railroad in Texas was $791.71 per mile, whereas for the year 1900 the net earnings per mile were $1167.98, an increase of $376.27. Further, freight rates have been reduced by the Com­mission, and the railroads are receiving less now relatively for the transportation of freights in proportion to the services rendered than they were receiving in 1891. In the latter year they received for their services an amount equal to 14.03 mills per ton per mile. If in 1900 they had received a similar compensation for the serv­ices performed as in 1890-1891 their freight revenue would have amounted to $50,826,051.86, but, acording to the sworn reports of the railroad officials their revenue amounted only to $34,492,­371.06, a sum $16,333,680.90 less than they would have received had the compensation remained at the old figure. 2 The Commission attributes this latter result to the combined effect of three causes, towit: first, a general lowering of freight rates throughout the United States in States which have no com­missions, as well as those which have; second, a lowering of rates in Texas made by its Railroad Commission, not so apparent on the face of its tariffs as it is in fact, because of the removal of the articles from the class tariff to the commodity tariffs, and the making of joint rates for hauls over two or more lines; and third, the greater proportion of low grade freights, such as coal, stone, brick, wood, etc., hauled now than was transported nine or ten years ago. The statements are sufficient to indicate in a brief 'Ninth Annual Report of the Railroad Commission of Texas, p. v. 'lb., p. vi. way what the Commission has accomplished, and the results are on the whole not undesirable.1 I have now sketched very briefly the history of the Railroad Commission, attempting to indicate the causes that led up to its formation, being the abuses that prevailed, chief among which was the practice of discrimination, and I have also attempted to indi­cate the results of its workings. My purpose now is to take up the problem of discrimination, and to investigate what its abolition involves, and to suggest how far it is possible to prevent it. PART II. THE PROBLEM OF DISCRIMINATION IN RAILWAY CHARGES. 7. The question of discrimination, with a number of other apparently unsolvable problems pertaining to railroads, constitutes what is known as the railway problem. In the words of the Hon. Thomas M. Cooley, sometime chairman of the Interstate Com­merce Commission: "It was at first thought by those who made the laws for the building and management of [railroads] that to leave the authority * * * unrestricted was the best possible condition of things; that it would lead to the active competition in rates, of which the general public would have the benefit; that the competition would, as a matter of course, force the rates down to a reasonable point; in short, that competition would act precisely as it does in other kinds of business. Experience has shown that this idea of railroad competition is a mistaken one; that it can not be compared with competition in the channels of commerce in general; that there are no such tests of the value of railroad service as can fix the limit down to which a road may go without inevitable loss upon its business as an aggregate; that it may carry some classes of its business at impolitic if not in fact at losing rates, and yet make profits upon its whole operations by charging to other classes of its business rates which may perhaps seem excessive and yet can not be clearly shown to be so because of the absolute impossibility of making distinct apportionment between the cost of service rendered to one class and that rendered to the other. * * * But so inextricably are the railroads of the country inter­mingled in interest; in so many ways do they form routes from business center to business center from the Lakes to the Gulf and from ocean to ocean; so easy is it for almost any seemingly unimportant road to be made a part of some direct or indirect route which shall constitute a great channel of commerce, that any considerable change in the rate sheets 'Ninth Annual Report of the Railroad Commission of Texas, p. vi. by any one of these 500 boards is not only likely to affect the business and the rate sheets of the roads which are its immediate rivals, but to reach out also in its influences from road to road in all directions, not over small neighborhoods, but from State to State, until what seemed to be the action, and was, perhaps, the hasty and reckless action of a mere local board may become almost of continental importance. * * * This, then, is the Railroad Problem."' Discrimination is by far the most perplexing of these questions, an abuse whose pernicious effects are more immediately and severely felt, one subject to the most exasperating excesses, and one demanding immediate and sufficient remedy. In the present state of economic thought and of railway practice, it seems impossible to devise any means for its solution, though all parties admit that the necessity therefor is extremely urgent. A variety of methods has been proposed and tried, but the success attendant upon the most successful of these has not been of any marked degree, and the question is still an open one. Nevertheless, some progress has been made, and in some instances satisfactory results have been accomplished. The purpose of this section is to d~scribe the problem in all its varied possibilities, and to indicate the obstacles in the way of its solution. By this means shall we be enabled to understand the better what the Railroad Commission of Texas has accomplished in this field. 8. And first let me define the term and make clear what is implied by the expression "discrimination." Arthur T. Hadley says discrimination is a difference in rates not based upon any cor­rr:spondin g difference in cost.2 The Commission law, and this is the criterion by which perforce we are to be guided, defines dis­crimination as follows: "Sec. 15. If any railroad subject hereto, directly or indirectly, or by any special rate, rebate, drawback, or other device, shall charge, demand, collect, or receive from any person, firm or corporation a greater or less compensation for any service rendered or to be rendered by it than it charges, demands, collects, or receives from any other person, firm, or corporation for doing a like and contemporaneous service, such railroad shall be deemed guilty of unjust discrimination, which is hereby prohibited. "(a) It shall be an unjust discrimination for any such railroad to make or give any undue or unreasonable preference or advantage to any particular person, company, firm, or corporation, or locality, or to sub.­ 1.Address to the Third .Annual Convention of the Railroad Commissioners. 'Hadley, "Railroad Transportation," p. 108. 2-R The University Record. lDecember, ject any particular description of traffic to any undue 01 unreasonable prejudice, delay, or disadvantage in any respect whatsoever. " ( b) Every railroad company which shall fail or refuse, under such regulations as may be prescribed by the Commission, to receive or trans­port without delay or discrimination the passengers, tonnage, and car , loaded or empty, of any connecting line of railroad which shall, under such regulations as may be prescribed by the Commission, fail or refuse to transport and deliver without delay or discrimination any passengers, tonnage, or cars, loaded or empty, destined to any point on or over the line of any connecting line of railroad, shall be deemed guilty of unjust discrimination: Provided, perishable freights of all kinds and livestock shall have precedent of shipment. " ( c) It shall also be an unjust discrimination for any railroad sub­ject hereto to charge or receive any greater compensation in the aggregate for the transportation of like kinds of property or passengers for a shorter than for a longer distance over the same line: Provided, that upon appli­cation to the Commission any railroad may in special cases, to prevent manifest injury, be authorized by the Commission to charge less for longer than for shorter distances for transporting persons and property, and the Commission shall from time to time prescribe the extent to which such designated railroad may be relieved from the operation of this provision: Provided, that no manifest injustice shall be imposed upon any citizen and intermediate points: Provided, further, that nothing herein shall be so construed as to prevent the Commission from making what are known as 'group rates' on any line or lines of railroad in this State. " ( d) .Any railroad company viola ting any provision of this section shall be deemed guilty of unjust discrimination. * * * " ( h) Nothing herein shall prevent the carriage, storage, or handling of freight free or at reduced rates for the State, or for any city, county, or town government, or for charitable purposes, or to or from fairs and expositions for exhibition th.ereof, or for the free carriage of destitute or indigent persons, or the issuance of mileage or excursion passenger tickets; nor to prevent railroads from giving free transportation to ministers of religion, or free transportation to the inmates of hospitals, eleemosynary and charitable institutions, and to the employes of the agricultural and the geological departments of this State, or to peace officers of this State; and nothing herein shall be construed to prevent railroads from giving free transportation to any railroad officers, agents, employes, attorneys, stockholders, or directors, or to the Railroad Commissioners, their secre­tary, clerks, and employes herein provided for, or to any person not pro­hibited by law: Provided, they, or either of them, shall not receive from the State mileage when such pass is used." 9. It might appear to the uninitiated, and to persons unac­quainted with economic thought and railway questions that there is no necessity for the existence of such a problem at all, and that its solution should be entirely sii.mple. To the!'e it might appear that railroads could easily be forced to charge a certain uniform rate to all persons, between all places, and for all kind> of goods, that such uniformity would have a tendency to lower the average rate, and that such a system would be readily agreed to by the railroads and cheerfully accepted by the people. This is the pop­ular view. But the truth is, there are difficulties of two kinds,-:fi.rst, real difficulties, which make it impossible to inaugurate such a system even if the railroads desired; second, feigned difficulties, because the railroads are averse to surrendering the enormous power which from the practice of discrimination accrues to them. The real difficulties involve the larger question: What is a just return on r.ailroad investments? And here is the first serious conflict between the railroads and the government officials in Texas who are charged with their regulation. On the answer to this question depends to a large extent the solution of the problem of discrimination. The railroads hold that they are entitled to revenues from the operation of their roads, which will enable them to pay for the management and the repairs of the road, to pay interest on their bonded indebtedness, and a jul;!t interest on the stock of their roads. They further demand rates which will enable them to make many millions of dollars worth of contem­plated improvements on their lines not yet begun. The State dis­sents from this view. The Supreme Court of the United States has held that railroads are only entitled to remuneration on the value of their property. The view of the State of Texas is identical. The position taken by it is that the railroads are only entitled to a just return on the present value of the properties of the companies, and the cost of repairs, and the reasonable cost of its management.1 The railroads say that without discrimination rates would be much higher on the average than they are now. Attempts at uniformity at the present average rate will not yield to them a just return on their property and the effect will ultimately make itself felt in the decrease of railroad investments in this State. The State replies that a just return will be yielded them by the undiscrimi­native rate, as far as it is possible to make it undiscriminative, and it proceeds on this basis to make it so. It would be interesting to inquire into the merits of these respective claims and to determine what constitutes a just return. 'Second Annual Report of the Railroad Commission of Texas, p. 21. The University Record. [December, Unfortunately, that question has never been answered. It hap­pens that the justification for discrimination here advanced by the railroads, which on the whole seems incontrovertible, is made a pretext by them for the grosser and the more indefensible kinds of that odious practice. 10. It devolves upon us to examine into the various kinds of discrimination. There are certain classes of goods upon which it is absolutely impossible to place the same rate of charge. Thus it is impossible to charge the same rate for expensive classes of dry goods and for coal. If the cost-of-se1"vice principlo,-that is, the rate which the transportation of the article actually costs the railroad,-were applied, and the rate were made on the same basis as that of dry goods, the rate of coal would become so high that the article would be worthless for manufacturing purposes ten miles from the place of shipment. And so it is with many other classes of goods, which make up the larger part of our freight traffic, such as building stone, wood, lumber, etc. On its face this appears as if the ship­pers of dry goods were taxed for the benefit of the coal producers. These practical necessities have given rise to the practice of the classification of freights on the basis of "what the traffic will bear," i. e., goods fl.re charged in accordance with what they will stand, a price which will still make them profitable at the places where they are sold.1 This is obviously a ca.se of discrimination, but it is one which is unavoidable, and all attempts to correct it must prove futile. The "cost-of-service" principle strictly applied in this case would bring industry to a standstill and civilization to a halt; uniformity of rates, with concomitant reduction would fail to yield adequate returns to the roads. This is the first and the least objectionable form of discrimination. A second and more questionable form is discrimination between localities. It would appear that railroads have in their hands the power to build up or to destroy any city or communitv will. 11 t By these practices and the tremendous power it afl'or(!" ; : • < (hey can soon permanently extinguish the trade of any asp1 l'ing city. But there are difficulties in the way even here, and objections to prcwntion whose demands we can not overlook. Where a railroad is the only means of transportation between two localities, it can charge what the traffic will bear with impunity. But when this road comes into competition with other roads or .with a water 1Hadley, "Railroad Transportation," p. 111. route, its tariffs must be brought down to the lowest possible figure. The so-called local rates, that is, rates between lo~al places, between which other m,eans of transportation do not exist, are thus made to pay the fixed charges of the road, interest on the cost of construction, cost of repairs, and general expenses, while the competitive rates do little more than to pay the train and station expenses. The rate has to be made low enough between the com­petitive points to compete with the other roads, else that amount of traffic will go by another route, and the local rates must be made correspondingly higher. The Galveston differential is an instance where this practice prevails. The class rates from Palestine to Houston, a distance of 150. 7 miles are: L. 0. L.• 0. L. 3 Add to this the differential rate to Galveston : L.O. L. O.L. 1 2 -­-­7 6 3 4 -­-­5 3 5 -­3 A -­3 R -­3 0 -­2 D -­2 E -­2 1 and the rate between Palestine and Galveston, a distance of 200.7 miles, becomes : L. C.L. C.L. Now, the class rates from Longview to Milano Junction, a dis­tance of 191.3 miles, are: L. 0. L. O.L. 4 B 0 1 2 3 5 I A D E 1 88 46 36 25 80 67 65 ---;-1---;­ 18 This difference in rates is not based on a difference in the cost of service, but it is made necessary by water competition between Galveston and Houston. The local rates can be made just as high as the traffic will bear. It appears here again as if the local busi­ne$$ were taxed for the benefit of the competitive business, and under these restrictions, complaint is very bitter. Discriminat.on, however, appears to be the incontrovertible logic of the facts. Arthur T. Hadley, in his inimitable work on Railway Transpor­tation, cites an instance of the case in point, which describes the situation accurately, towit: "On the coast of Delaware, a few years ago there was a place which we shall call X, well situated for oyster growing, but which sent very few oysters to market, because the railroad rates were so high as to leave no margin of profit. The local oyster growers represented to the railroad that if the rates were brought down to one dollar per hundred pounds, the business would become profitable and the railroad could be sure of regular shipments at that price. The railroad men looked into the mat­ter. They found that the price of oysters in Philadelphia market were such that the local oyster men could pay one dollar per hundred pounds to the railroad and have a fair profit left. If the railroads tried to charge more, it would so cut down the profits as to leave men no inducement to enter the business. That is, those oysters would bear a rate of one dollar per hundred, and no more. Further, the railroad men found that, if they could get every day a carload, or nearly a carload, at this rate, it would more than cover the expense of hauling an extra car by quick train back and forth every day, with the incidental expenses and repairs. So they put the car on, and were disappointed to find that the local oyster growers could only furnish oysters enough to fill the car about half full. The expense to the road of running it half full was almost as great as run­ning it full ; the income was reduced one-half. They could not make up by raising the rates, for these were as high as the traffic would bear. They could not increase their business much by lowering rates. The diffi­culty was not with the price charged, but with the capacity of the local business. It seemed as if this special service must be abandoned. "One possibility suggested itself. At some distance beyond X, the term­inus of this railroad, was another oyster growing place, Y, which sent its oysters to market by another route. The supply at Y was greater than it was at X. The people at Y were paying a dollar a hundred to eent"l their oysters to market. It "'IVould hardly cost them twenty-five cent111 to ~·end them from Y to X. If then, the railroad from X to Philad1 \phh\ <>barged but seventy-five cents a hundred on oysters which came from Y, it could easily fill its car full. This is what they did. They then had a half a car of oysters grown at X, on which they charged a dollar, and a half carload from Y on which they charged seventy-five cents for exactly the same service. 1902.J The University Record. "Of course there was a grand outcry at X. Their trade was discrimi­nated against in the worst possible way,-so they said,-and they com­plained to the railroad. But the railroad men fell . back on the logic of the facts. The points were as follows: 1. A whole carload at seventy­five cents would not pay expenses of handling and moving. 2. At high"r rates than seventy-five cents they could not get a whole carload but only a half carload; and a half a carload at a dollar rate (the highest charge the article could bear) would not pay expenses. Therefore, 3. On any uniform rate for everybody, the road must lose money, and 4. They would either be compelled to take the oyster car away altogether, or else get what they could at a dollar and fill up at seventy-five cents. There was no escape from this reasoning; and the oyster men of X chose to pay the higher rate rather than lose the service altogether."' I have thus far considered the two kinds of discrimination which appear to have some semblance of justification, and which seem impossible to avoid to any great extent. But there remains a third kind of discrimination, which is the root of all the evil, and is made the subject of such flagrant excesses, and affords and has afforded so much opportunity for transgression of the rights of the people of Texas that it has justly provoked a storm of opposi­tion, culminating in the establishment of the Railroad Commis­sion, with consequent attempts at re15"ulation and abolition,-and that is the form of discrimVriation between shippers. In this case it happens that two individuals under like circumstances receive different treatment and different rates. An inherent objection to this practice is that it is always done under cover. It means that one shipper is favored over another; that one shipper is allowed to place his goods on the market at a rate much lower than his competitors, and he is thus insured a large and sure business and enormous profits. It means that com­petitors may be driven out of business at will and that the indus­trial welfare of any individual of the community is at the mercy of any upstart railroad agent. It is a patent fact that the Stand­ard Oil Company owes its existence and tremendous powers and wealth to this system of speeial rates and favoritism that was granfod to it in its infam~y.~ 'l'he only principle that seems to govern i.u this system in the caprice and favoritism of the rail roads and their agents It often happens that thoo:e who need them worst are the last to obtain them. 'Hadley, "Railroad Transportation," p. 116. 1Ib., p. 121. There are, of course, certain exceptions in which special rates are justifiable, and much good is sometimes done in this way. They may obtain a class of traffic not otherwise obtainable, and in some cases they may relieve an actual need. The Railroad Com­mission habitually makes special rates of this kind to needy ship­pers, Huch, for instance, to farmers moving their places of resi­dence, who would otherwie move their freight by wagon. There are many reprehensible practices in the making of rail­road rates which involve this principle of discriminaton between shippers. One such, and it is the most prevalent, is the system of rebates. The shipper is allowed a certain discount, or is paid back a certain sum, for various reasons, which has the effect of giving him a special rate over some of his competitors. There is the system of false classification, in which the same kind of goods is rated as first class for one shipper, and second class for another, and this gives the second shipper the benefit of a special rate. There is the system of underbilling by which the goods of one shipper are billed at less than their real rate, and the system of underweighing, where the goods of one shipper are carried for less than their real weight, and all of these cases afford opportunity for destructive discrimination between various individuals. All of these practices are designed to evade the law, and a double odium attaches to them therefore. In many instances it seem~ all but impossible to prevent them. The kinds of discrimination thus far considered have been con­cerned with differences between freight charges. There is another class, namely, those concerned with passenger charges, which can be dismissed with brief notice. The ordinary discriminations here, though by no means uncommon, are relatively unimportant, for a number of reasons; first, because the passenger revenue is small, compared to the freight revenue; second, because such kind of discrimination does not involve such large interests; third, because the practice is not universal. There is one phase, however, whose continuance is worthy of the most guarded consideration, and whose evil effects are of suf­ficient magnitude to demand that it be stopped, and that is the free pass system. This is not the place to enter upon a tirade against this abuse. The Railroad Commission has consistently advocated the abolition of free passes-this power not being con­ferred upon it by law-attempting to abolish it for ostensible rea­ 1902.] The Univer.~ity Record. sons, as follows: first, because it lowers the general revenue of the roads. For the year ending June 30, 1901, there were issued alto­gether 271,285 free passes, which represents an amount of money which the other passengers and the freight revenue will have to make up for. The freight rates are thus of necessity raised beyond what they should be. Secondly, and this is the worst evil, the passes are not only given as a matter of mere favoritism, but as a means of influencing legislation. In this form the free pass is nothing more than a bribe, and the corporations that resort to such expedients to carry through their measures, have certainly not the interests of the people at heart, and should not be allowed to exist. In many instances this system is made a convAnient pre­text for blackmail by unscrupulous legislators and government clerks. 11. We have seen now what discrimination implies, and how it is applied. The intere<;ts it ilffects are of such stupendous magni­tude, and the power it places in the hands of railway officials is of such enormous extent that it is unsafe as well as impolitic to entrust these to the chance officials of any railway corporation, and demands that there be some provision on the part of the go~ ­ernment to protect the rights of the people. To this end railway commissions have been devised, and the fact that they are thn result of an historical development is the strongest argument in favor of their continued existence. It has been foun, when the n~erchants pay the carload rate on such shipments, they were obliged to pay the local State rates on sending out merchandise, and they were unable to compete successfully with the less than carload rates from the points outside of Texas. This condition of affairs seriously crippled the manufacturing interests in this State, and prevented in large measure our merchants from doing a whole­sale business. 1 In May, 1895, the Commission succeeded in persuading the Southwestern Traffic Association to make a moderate reduction in the carload rates on a considerable number of commodities, which by widening the difference between carloads and less than carloads, brought considerable relief to our wholesale merchants and manu­facturers. In addition the Commission promulgated Commodity Tariff No. 16, which comprises the said articles, by which the dis­tance to which merchants can ship these goods in less than carload quantities in competition with outside merchants has been ex­tended. Home Elnterprise has in this manner been fostered.2 On the 15th of September, 1896, the railroad companies of the State made application to the Commission for an increase of rates. The Commission at that time took opportunity to impress upon the railroads that they would not increase rates so long as the railroads were not prepared to increase the interstate rates that were so hos­tile to the interests of Texas, and discriminated against it in favor of other States. And the Commission did not increase the rates, and has consistently refused to do so ever since. It has continually made application to the Interstate Commerce Commission to make these proper adjustments, and on the whole the discrepancies be­tween the two have been minimized. It has further succeeded in preventing discrimination against Texas shippers by a system of emergency rates. A shipper who so desired could go to a railway agent in another State, and ask him for a special rate on an extraordinary large consignment; the agent 'Fourth Annual Report of the Railroad Commission of Texas, p. 16. 2lb., p. 17. would notify the Interstate Commerce Commission, and the rate would go in effect in three days. The Texas law provided that no change of rates could be made, until a twenty day notice had been served, and Texas shippers were seriously crippled by the favors which outside jobbers enjoyed. The Commission had the law amended and adopted a system of emergency rates. Whenever it received knowledge of any rate war that was about to take place, or of any special rate that was being conferred upon another shipper by an interstate road, it put on a special rate, operative in three days after the notice had been served, and by this means Texas shippers were amply protected. This system has had a most wholesome effect. It has put an effective stop to rate wars, and has done away with special discriminations, since railroads which en­gage in it do so at their own expense and cut off their own heads. 18. The attempts to prevent discriminations between shippers have been more successful, and it would not be a misrepresentation of the facts to say that the practice has effectually been abolished, and the results accomplished in Texas compare favorably with those of any other State or nation. It might first be in order to enumerate the measures the Commission has taken to prevent the universally condemned abuses of discrimination between individual shippers. There is a provision in the law, which requires the railroad com­panies to maintain at all their depots in conspicuous places printed or written schedules of their freight charges. The Commission has uniformly insisted and has succeeded in enforcing this salutary provision, and the result is that any shipper, with a reasonable amount of intelligence, can figure out the freight charges that the company is entitled to collect, and he has no cause for complaint if he is charged in excess of the schedule rates. The railroads, so far as can be learned, have always maintained these schedules up to date. Besides the Commission circulars, class tariffs, and commodity tariffs are given the widest publicity; they have been uniformly printed in all the large daily papers of the State, and they can be easily obtained of the Commission itself by mere request. This publicity of schedules has had a wonderful effect in putting a stop to the practice of discrimination. The Commission has made it possible for any shipper to bring notice before it of any discrepancy in the railway rates, or of any violation of the law of which he has been made the victim, and this at the least possible expense, and with the least possible delay. To that end it has drawn up rules to govern the mode of bringing com­plaints and matters for investigation before it, which has also been given the largest possible publicity, and which enables any ag­grieved party with little or no outlay to enforce an investigation, to procure damages, and to prevent a repetition of the abuse by the company in the future. The ease with which complaints can be brought before the Commission, and the alacrity with which the companies can be made to comply with the law, have had a most wholesome effect in preventing discrimination. The Commission attempts to keep informed of all rate sheets and freight charges that are employed by all railroads over the State, and to that end demands that it be kept informed of the schedules, where rates are discretionary. It induces private citizens to keep it informed of all the charges that prevail, and in this manner it can and does prevent any deviation from the scheduled tariffs. The railroads are apprised of this condition of affairs, and they are slow to resort to methods not sanctioned by the law. The Commission has not succeeded in effecting the passage of a law preventing railroad ofllcials and managers from engaging in industrial and commercial enterprises along their lines, a preva­lent transgression, whose questionable results and equity I have already touched upon, but it has attempted to do so, and to dis­courage officials and managers from so engaging as much as pos­sible. In 1897, the Commission succeeded in obtaining from the Legis­ lature appropriations to the amount of $5,000, from March 1, 1897, to February 28, 1898, with which to carry on expert investi­ gations of the railroad companies and their officials. This action was taken on the basis of certain alleged violations of the law. The results attendant upon that first investigation were accompanied with wonderful results, revealing a gr.eat number of startling dis­ crepancies. From that time to the present day, the Commission has attempted to keep up these expert inspections, and the results have been that the railroads have been held to strict compliance with the law. By this method the possibilities of discrimination are reduced to the absolute minimum, and evidence of its con­ tinued existence is difficult to obtain. 19. Some statistics at this point might serve to enforce my im­mediate thesis. A possible criterion of the diminishing number of cases of dis­crimination might be found in the number of complaints that are registered with the Commission each year. People, and especially merchants, will not sit down meekly, and submit to any treatment that the railroads see fit to impose, especially if they know the com­panies ar!'J violating the law. Add to this the reprehensible dis­position of most people to inflict as much damage upon the com­panies as they can conveniently do, and we will read from .a con­stantly decreasing number of complaints annually positive evidence of the elimination of discrimination. In the first year the Com­mission was organized a large number of informal complaints were made to that body, some of which arose from a misapprehension of the law, and others from a misunderstanding of the rates promul­gated by the railroads and the Commission. Seventeen complaints were formally made in accordance with the rules prescribed by the Commission, and entered on the docket. The number of com­plaints was excessively large during the first years of the Commis­sion's life, but since that time the number of individual complaints, such as involve discriminations and extortions, has steadily de­creased, and at the present time on the authority of Commissioner Storey they are of the most rare occurrence. The decreasing num­ber is evidence of less grievance against the companies, and is in­dicative of stricter compliance with the law. The amount of litigation in which the Commission has been in­volved as plaintiff, might be taken as evidence of, if not the actual decrease of discriminating practices, the increase of effort on the part of the Commission to prevent them. The Commission is charged with the enforcement of all the laws of this State pertain­ing to railroads, and whenever it is apprised of any violations it devolves upon it to notify the Attorney General, who is compelled to institute proceedings. In the first year of the history of the Commission it was found not to be necessary to engage in any pro­ceedings in the courts to enforce compliance with the law. On the 22nd day of August, 1892, the judge of the Fifth United States Circuit Court issued an order temporarily enjoining and prohibit­ing the Commission from performing the duties required of it by law, and prohibiting it and the ~ttorney General of the State from instituting any suit for the recovery of the penalties prescribed by The University Record. [December, the said law for the violations of its provisions so far as related to certain roads. The Commission could only enforce the other laws charged to it in answer to the complaints of citizens. The Com­mission disposed of such cases as came before it without the aid of the courts, but their duties would have been increased but for the impression which was produced at the time of the issuance of the injunction that the Commission was powerless to enforce any other laws, and the people therefore neglected to lay complaints before the Commission. The result was that the amount of litigation was exceedingly small for this year. For the year 1894,1 the Commis­sion found it unnecessary to engage in any suits of importance. For the year 1896, the Commission found it necessary to mstitute suits against five railroad companies for the recovery of the penal­ties for the violation of the law, all of which embodied cases of actual discrimination. For the year 1897, the Commission aided by sufficient appropriations from the Legislature succeeded in un­earthing ninety-five cases of violations of the law, most of which were unlawful discriminations, and recovered penalties for the State to the amount of $47,500. For the year 1898, forty more cases of discrimination were unearthed, resulting in the recovery of the penalties to the amount of $20,000. This active prosecution had the effect of putting a stop to violations, and in the succeeding years the Commission found it unnecessary to enlist the services of the Attorney General to any large extent. For the year 1901, only a few cases were referred to the Attorney General, and they were of no considerable importance. Since January 1, 1902, no case has as yet been referred to the Attorney General. The general trend of the5e facts would seem to indicate that the practice of discrim­ination has considerably decreased, and that the law is being com­plied with in most cases today. It would appear as if the Commis­ sion had accomplished the purpose for which it was designed. The Commission since the time of its organization has continu­ally attempted to inaugurate a system of expert inspections, by which it could determine whether the law was being complied with, but it has been embarrassed by the lack of funds. In 1896 it be­came apprised of a number of discrepancies, and investigation fur­ther disclosed the fact of a far larger number of violations than was at first suspected. Under these circumstances the Commission 1These years are always understood to mean ending June 30th. made a determined effort to secure sufficient appropriations from the Legislature in the year 1897, and it succeeded in obtaining funds to the amount of $5,000, as already mentioned. Though in­sufficient in amount, with these moneys at .its command, the Com­mission set itself to work to inaugurate the system of expert in­spections, and it sent out agents all over the State to nearly all the general offices of the companies. The gratifying result of that year's work was recounted in the preceding paragraph. The Com­mission has continued this work as far as possible up to the present day, but the number of cases unearthed has steadily decreased, as already touched upon. As relevant to the subject under discussion, it might be interest­ ing to cite that during the year 1897 the Commission found it necessary to write as many as 2000 letters, nearly all of which were relative to questions submitted. The correspondence of preceding and succeeding years has been as heavy, and the fact is inter­ esting in indicating the effort made by the Commission in adjust­ ing all cases of difficulty and grievance. If an increase of earnings argues anything, then the following statistics will be cited as evidence positive of the decrease of dis­ criminations between shippers. The following table will indicate this increase : Year ending June 30. 1892.......................... ............ 1893............................. ......... 1894.......................... ...... ., ... . 1895 .. ................................... . 1896..............; ..... ................. . 1897....... ...... ......... ............... . 18!!8............... .. ........... ......... 1899........... ............... ... ......... 1900 .. .. .................................. 1901.......... .................... ..... .. Net earnings from operation. $ 6, 777 ,358 97 8,914,669 81 7,188,295 08 10,689,045 14 7,465,593 02 8,280,022 24 10,946,594 18 12,9oa,655 89 11,554,554 43 17,452,583 79 This increase of earnings is due to three causes, towit: ( 1) To an increase of tonnage, which is the result of the growth of busi­ness, and an increase of railroad mileage; (2) by the general low­ering of rates, which has the effect of stimulating trade, and de­veloping a larger amount of traffic; ( 3) to the abolition of dis­crimination, first between local and interstate shippers already •56 The University Record. [December, touched upon, and between individual shippers.1 Says the Com­mission in its third annual report: "The practice <>f giving rebates, under whatever cover hidden, and the frequent cutting of rates, deprives the companies of revenues which they would otherwise receive, and which, according to their published rates, they presumably have received."' The effect of rate cutting, and the instability of rates from what­ever cause on the earnings of railroad companies of this State, is shown by the decrease of earnings for the year ending June 30, 1894, during which period there was instability of rates, since the Commission was enjoined from enforcing its own tariffs. How much of the increase of earnings is due to the abolition of discrim­ination, I am not prepared to say; that the greater portion of it is, is admitted by every economist and thinking man in the State who has given the subject the least attention whatsoever. Of evidence of the extirpation of forms of discrimination other than between shippers, such as between passengers, though adduci­ble, I will not enter upon here. The practice is of far less signifi­cance, and of much narrower application than prevails in the other cases, and is not of sufficient importance to justify inclusion here. The free pass system still prevails, through no fault of the Rail­road Commission, however, since every effort has been exhausted to effect its destruction. 20. The Commission has been aided in its attempts to prevent discrimination by the general effect of the Commission Law, and the inauguration of the Commission system. As soon as the rail­roads became aware of the temper of the people of the State in re­gard to these onerous methods, they were loath to continue them in opposition to the will of the people. This effect alone has been exceedingly wholesome, and it made the task of the Commission much simpler. It is difficult to lay hands on such clandestine prac­tices as rebating, under-billing the shipment of a favored shipper so as to allow his shipment to reach the market at less cost, of de­laying the shipments of all the shippers except the favored one so that the latter could reach the market first, false classification, under-weighing, etc. As long as the favored parties will keep still, rebates and the like are almost impossible to detect, and can only be reached by a detailed inspection of the accounts. To attempt 'Third .Annual Report of the Railroad Commission of Texas, p. vii. to reach them through the complaints of the competing shippers, though not impossible, is extremely ineffective, since the competi­tors have no means of :finding out. The Commission haa succeeded in stamping out these sources of complaint in a wonderful degree, and it has been done by means of the system of expert inspections by which the accounts were examined. This privilege is conferred upon the Commission by law. It has availed itself of it, and has accomplished thereby one of the purposes for which it was cre­ated. 21. That the question of discrimination is an intricate one, and one difficult to cope with, will be readily attested by the difficulties which other States and nations have met in trying to prevent it. A comparison of the successes here with those of the State of Texas would be a favorable criterion on which to judge the work of the Texas Commission. A detailed comparison is impossible. That the Railroad Commission of Texas has succeeded wonderfully in its task, as compared with those of the other State Commissions is the concensus of opinion among all those competent to know, and is admitted by those who argue against the principles on which it operates. Arthur T. Hadley, who maintains that the cost-of-service principle will not work, says that the work of the Commissions of the South has been attended with gratifying results. He says: "It is in the Southern States that such commissions have been most successful in exercising their powers. Georgia has been the center of this movement, though other commissions of the same sort have been estab­lished in adjoining States. It is a little hard to say just what has enabled them to succeed. One thing is, that the rates in general are so high as to leave them a wide margin above operating expenses, in which to make their changes. Another thing is, that the competitive business is so well pooled that the railroads have their hands free to bring through and local charges in proportion."' The important fact is that such an eminent authmity should rec­ognize that the Commissions of the South, and among them the Commission of Texas. have succeeded in the purposes for which they were created. Among all the States with supervisory com­missions, it is agreed that the Massachusetts Commission accom­plished the most far-reaching results. To compare Texas with Massachusetts would be unfair, since the two commissions are or­ganized on different principles, and have had to face different con­ 1Hadley, "Railroad Transportation," p. 136. ditions. It is doubtful if such a supervisory Commission could succeed in Texas, owing to the peculiar conditions that obtain here, among which might be mentioned the expanse of the State, the newness of the country, the domination of roads by foreign inter­ests, short-sighted methods of construction, etc. Of all the regula­tive commissions, the Commission of Iowa has probably succeeded best.1 .And yet the work of the Texas Commission in so far as it pertains to discrimination does not compare unfavorably with it. Says the Engineering News, a London journal of repute and in­formation on all that relates to public works: "If the attitude of the State is correctly set forth in the Commission's report, we are free to say that the position is economically and politi­cally correct, and that other States and State railway commissions can profitably study the work that has been done in Texas." 22. .And as a :final criterion of how far the Commission has succeeded, I would submit the opinion of prominent men of Texas in different walks of life. It cannot be disputed that the Commis­sion has given satisfaction to the interests which these men repre­sent, in spite of the fact that there remains a certain class in Texas whose object it is to discredit the work of the Commission and to cripple it. These men have the interests of the State at heart, and with it of necessity the interests of the railroads, and their views are submitted for what they are worth. Says the Hon. S. W. T. Lanham, whose spirit of fairness, jus­tice, and conservatism is recognized by all parties over the State: "The Railroad Commission is a distinctive feature of our polity, and, I think, must be regarded as an established institution of the State; for whatever criticism may have been indulged against its personnel or admin­istration, there is a pervasive and abiding sentiment in favor of its con­tinuance, and it is considered by the great majority of the people, when suitably conducted, as a useful instrumentality in their behalf; nor is it necessarily hurtful to the railroad corporations in the orderly and legiti­mate pursuit of their business. Having favored its creation, and, in some measure observed its operations, I am prepared to say that it ought to be conserved and maintained. "It is only necessary to remind you of what occurred during the tem­porary suspension of its authority, pending the decision of the Supreme Court of the United States a few years ago, and recall the burdens imposed through discrimination and increased rates of transportation demanded by the railroad companies, to show the desirability and neces­ 1Hadley, "Railroad Transportation," p. 136. 1902.] The Universit'l/ Record. sity of its existence; while, on the other hand, if the railroad corpora·­tions are not oblhious of their own experience, it may not be hard to convince them that they need some permanent and reliable supervisory power of regulation, which will protect them against themselves, and assure them in the systematic and reasonably profitable operation of their respectivl' lines. Surely they have not forgotten the historic condi­tions described by an eminent writer: 'The incidents of disassociated traffic-the fierce competition of rival lines in rival centers-the falling of rates-the demand for published rates free from discrimination-the paralysis of internal commerce-the inability of any single company to exercise administrative control of the situation-the embarrassment of their best informed traffic managers--the necessity of a restraint upon rate wars,' and other kindred complications. Remembering all these things tl,ey must be in some measure prepared to discover some good growing out of the Commission." Says the Hon. L. J . Storey, member of the Railroad Commission since 1895, an accomplished lawyer of many attainments, and a citizen whose interests are identified with those of Texas: "In asking the question whether the Railroad Commission has prevented discrimination, you might as well ask, does a law designed to prevent crime prevent it? So far as we can determine discrimination is a thing of the past. Complaints rarely reach us now of sucn violations, and when knowledge comes to us of cases, investigation reveals the fact that they were due to some oversight, and the injury is adequately repaired. The owners of railroads in this State show no disposition to violate the law, and their instructions in every case to their officials are to observe the law. Under these circumstances the number of discriminations has been minimized, and I think I can fairly say that the Railroad Commis­sion of Texas has succeeded in preventing discrimination." Says the Hon. John H. Kirby, President of the Kirby Lumber Company, universally recognized as the leading spirit in the new industrial movement in Texas: "Much could be said commending the body of splendid men who have heretofore held positions on the Commission, and especally is this true of its venerable chairman, who is in my judgment the greatest of living men. "In my opinion the Railroad Commission of Texas has been and is a success and has accomplished great good. It has protected shippers and communities against discrimination and has lifted our transportation interests out of a whirlpool of illogical and disastrous practices of competi­ tion with each other by enforcing r·ates on all lines that were fair, just, and uniform. It has prevented the large and powerful carrier corporations from str·angling the weaker ones by enforcing just divisions of through rates between them. It has prevented the larger cities from absorbing thP trnde of the smaller ones by preventin~ rate discr;minations in favor · of any. Rates have been reduced, economies of management enforced, and over·capitalization prevented. Exact justice has been accorded the carriers. No rabid spirit of regulation or demagogic appeal to popular prejudice has been reflected in any official act of the Commission of which I had any notice. On the contrary the dignified, considerate, judicial course this body has pursued has had a most wholesome effect both in and out of the State." Says the Hon. Reagan Houston, General Attorney of the San Antonio & Aransas Pass Railway Company, recognized as one of the foremost railroad attorneys in the State: "I have received your communication of May the 19th, inviting me to give you a short opinion on the efficiency of the Railroad Commisson of Texas in preventing discrimination by Texas railroads. "I write from the position of one cordially in sympathy with the idea of preventing discriminations, for I believe the people are right in their contention that the practice is vicious, and, for the further reason, that I believe the railroad companies are themselves the worst sufferers by the practice. Of course there are others who, benefited by discrimination, disagree with me and who contend that the prevention of discriminations prevents railroad competition, and their position is in a measure correct. :My reason for believing that discrimination by common carriers tOOi' a serious vice are two-fold. "First: The people suffered because of the inequality of footing obtained by dealers in commodities, particularly of a character where railroad carriage was an important item in the cost to the consumers. In my mind it was manifestly unfair that one man should be deprived of the right of his· choice of commercial pursuit by reason of the friendliness a railroad manager for his competitor. "Second: The discrimination among shippers, as practiced by the rail­ road companies, always took form in a system of rebates by which the company returned to the preferred shipper a substantial portion of its revenues, thus accomplishing an injury to the railroad company as well as some demoralization in the commercial world. The birth of the system need not be discussed and I believe it is indefensible from any stand­ point. "It is unquestionably true that the Railway Commission of Texas has so vigorously prosecuted the railway companies on any charge of discrim­ ination that the practice has been practically, if not entirely, discontinued. There is no dispute but that the effect of the prosecutions procured by the Railroad Commission have had a wholesome effect in deterring this pernicious practice. This, in my mind, has been the beneficent effect of the Railroad Commission, and, I take it from your letter, that you do not 'Italics mine. 1902.] The Unive'f"sity Record. invite criticism of the acts of the Commission about which we may not agree with the policy they have pursued." CONCLUSION. 23. I have now rehearsed the causes leading up to the formation of a Railroad Commission in this. State; I have attempted to pre­sent the question of discrimination in all of its various phases; I have tried to show the effects of the Commission's labor. I would submit in answer to the question this thesis set out to investigate, that the Railroad Coonmission of Texas has succeeded in preventing discrimination, so far as it is preventable, so far as it has been pre­vented in other States, so far as the people of Texas at the time of the commission's establishment expected it to be prevented. 24. By its formation railroad construction has not been ham­pered, and Texas industry has been uplifted. "The reduction and changes of freight rates, and the abolition of discrimination, the reduction and changes being made mainly by the Commission, but partly at the request of the railroads, has stimulated production within the State, has increased manufactories, has induced larger investments of capital, has given more employment and wages to labor, has increased the traffic of railroads and their revenue. The rE>duction of freight rates, and the prevention of discrimination ill them, on grain, cotton, lumber, live stock, salt, cotton seed, coal,. lime, cement, etc., has given activity in their movement. It has: caused the construction of flouring mills and elevators, and the manufacture of flour to an increased extent in this State, and has saved the expense to that extent, of the transportation of oor wheat to Missouri and Kansas to be made into flour and shipped back t<> us, and has saved to our people the bran and the shorts resulting from such shipments. It by these means has caused an increase in the price of wheat, to the profit of the farmers, and a reduction in the cost of flour to the profit of the consumers. It has caused the· construction of cotton seed oil mills, and has increased the value and use of cotton seed and its products. It has caused a large in­crease in the manufacture of salt, and enabled the makers to mar­ket their salt in all parts of the State, whereas, under the rates theretofore established by the railroad companies, and the discrim­inations they practiced, our salt makers could only supply a very limited part of the territory of the State, because salt was snipped from Kansas and Michigan to a large part of the State at lower rates than from the salt manufacturers of Texas to the same points. It has enabled the farmers of Texas to market their surplus of corn in this State, while before the Commission rates were adopted, the railroads brought corn from Kansas and Missouri to a great part of the State of Texas at less cost than from one point to another in Texas. It has stimulated the manufacture of the products of iron, of pottery, of lime, cement, and other things, much to the benefit of the people of Texas. And on the cost of the shipment of the single article of cotton it has saved to the people of Texas more than one million dollars in one season, and has still left the rates on cotton, as reduced by the Commission, from fifty to seventy-five per cent. higher than in any other State.m TOWNES'S TEXAS PLEADING. R. R. GAINES, CHIEF JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT. To write a useful book upon pleading in the courts of Texas is no trivial task. This has been proved by more than one unsuccess­ful attempt by able jurists. Under the system of the common law, pleading was a most important branch of legal learning, and to be a great pleader was to be a great lawyer. That system prevailed for centuries in the courts of England, and, though extremely techni­cal, was regulated by definite rules which were prescribed and illus­trated by numerous decisions of the courts. The analytical treatise of Stephen and the more enlarged and practical work of Chitty became standards of authority, and left but little to be desired by students of this branch of the common law. Under this system it was requisite for the parties to plead down to a single issue, and it was theoretically perfect. But, as in analogous cases, it has been found that, however perfect in theory, in practice it was not cal­culated to attain the ends of justice. A skillful pleader, as against an adversary less expert in the art, frequently prevailed in a bad cause. The result has been, that the system was practically abol­ished in England more than a quarter of a century ago and now prevails to its full extent in few, if any, of the States of this Union. 1First Annual Report of the Railroad Commission of Texas, p. xiv. 1902.J The University Record. When Texas became an independent commonwealth, the laws of Mexico, which were based upon the jurisprudence of Spain, which in its turn had its foundation in the Civil Law, were in force. But on the 30th day of June, 1840, the Congress of the Republic passed an act which prescribed that "the common law of England (so far as it is not inconsistent with the Constitution and acts of Congress now in force) shall, together with such acts, be the rule of decis­ion" in the Republic. A few days thereafter the same Congress enacted a law which provided, that the adoption of the common law should not be construed to adopt that system of pleading, but the proceedings in the courts in civil suits should be conducted by petition and answer as under the. Civil Law. In 1846, it was again provided that the petition should contain "a full and clear state­ment of the cause of action and such other allegations pertinent to the cause as he [the plaintiff] may deem necessary to sustain his suit and also a full statement of the nature of the relief he requests of the court"; and also that "the defendant in his answer may plead as many several matters, whether of law or facts, as he should think necessary for his defense and which may be pertinent to the cause." With a few exceptions as to the special matters, and nota­bly as to the action of trespass to try title to land, these provisions contain the meager data from which our system of pleading was to be evolved. The rules of the Supreme Court for the government of the practice in the trial courts prescribe certain regulations in regard to the pleadings in actions, but these affect the :form, rather than the substance, of the matter. During the many years which have elapsed since our system of pleading was established, many questions as to the sufficiency of allegations in petition and answer have arisen and have been determined by our courts. But our judges have usually been content to announce the decision upon the point without undertaking to discuss the principles involved. When it is remembered that as a rule our treatises upon the law consist in the main of an announcement and comparison of the decisions of the courts, together with the principles and rules de­ ducible from such decisions, the difficulty of writing a book upon pleading as applicable to the courts of Texas become'! more ap­ parent. Difficult though the undertaking may be, we think that Judge Townes, in the book under review, has successfully accomplished 4-R the task of writing a work upon the subject which exhibits marked learning and ability. A pleading should set forth in clear and per­spicuous language, and as briefly as practicable, the facts which constitute the cause of action or the grounds of defense, as the case may be. In complicated cases, there are many facts pertinent in a general sense to the contention of both of the parties. Some of these are the main facts-that is, the facts necessa;ry to be estab­lished in order to maintain the action upon the one side or the defense upon the other. Others are collateral to the main facts. That is to say, they are pertinent to the issues merely as evidence to establish the issuable facts in the case. It is just here that the difficulty of the pleader arises. The essential facts should be pleaded-those that are merely evidential should be discarded. In many instances no lawyer need err; in others the undertaking be­comes difficult under a system like ours, where we have no guide, save such rules as may be deducible from sound reason, aided, per­haps, by a bare decision upon some analogous point. A large, and as we think the most valuable, portion of the book under review is devoted to a discussion of this matter; and in it we find the principles pertaining to the subject ably and logically dis­cussed. In our researches we have found no disquisition upon the inherent principles of pleading which is in any degree so satisfac­tory. Chapter XI, which is devoted to this topic, will amply re­pay, not only a casual perusal, but also a careful study. The scope of the treatise is far more comprehensive than its title would indicate. It contains a discussion of many topics which, though allied to the subject, do not come strictly under the head of pleading. "The Judicial Functions of Government,'' "Jurisdic­tion," ''Development of the Texas Judicial System," "Joinder and Misjoinder of Actions,'' as well as other cognate topics are ably and learnedly discussed. We also especially commend the chapter upon "Jurisdiction" as being a learned and accurate summary of the principles which underlie this important branch of the law. Without going into further particulars, we will say, in conclu­sion, that Judge Townes's book will fully compensate, not only every student who may carefully read and digest it, but also every lawyer and judge as well. ADDRESS OF WELCOME AT THE OPENING OF THE SOUTHERN PRESBYTERIAN SEMINARY, AT AUSTIN, OCTOBER 1, 1902. W. J. BATTLE, PROFESSOR OF GREEK. President Sampson, Gentlemen of the Faculty of the Southern Presbyterian Seminary, Ladies and Gentlemen: It is with the keenest pleasure that I offer tonight to the South­ern Presbyterian Seminary the greetings of the University of Texas and her best wishes for unceasing growth and influence. Among institutions of learning conducted on a high plane there can be no petty jealousies. Yet generous rivalry in good works there must always be. Competition is said to be the life of trade. So also with educational foundations one spurs the other on to ever higher achievement. Did the new seminary, therefore, intend to enter the same field as the University that I represent I should still say welcome and God speed. But the Seminary is not to attempt the same work as the Univer­sity. It is to an institution intending to do a work most neces­sary to be done, but which the University can not do, that we offer our welcome and congratulations on the able faculty that you, Mr. President, have gathered, on the endowment that your untiring en­ergy has procured, on the buildings that you have ready to hand, on the assured support of a religious body so vigorous as the Southern Presbyterian church. The State of Texas has, for good or ill, accepted with enthusiasm the theory of public education. As President Lamar so tersely stated it, "Cultivated mind is the guardian genius of democracy." To secure this our people have esta.blished a complete system of pub­lic schools and set at its head a university which the Constitution declares must be a university of the first class. Now a complete university is an institution where all useful learning is taught and encouraged. Ezra Cornell declared of the university he was found­ing that he wished it to be a place where anybody, man or woman, might learn anything. An institution such as this it has plainly been the wish of Texas for her University to be. Such an institu­tion as this it is the fixed policy of the University Regents to ere­ The University Record. [December, ate. The usual subjects of a philosophical faculty they provided for first. A professional school of law was justly held the next most pressing necessity. A department of engineering followed, a school of medicine, a school of pharmacy, a school of nursing, and quite recently schools of electrical and mining engineering. Indeed, most of the work of the typical modern university we shall do here. It is only a question of time. But one thing the University of Texas can never do. One school, and that, in virtue of handling holy things, the most honorable of all, the University of Texas can never have. That is of course a school of theology. One of the basic principles of our government is the absolute separation of church and State. The Constitution of Texas is clear now and the feeling of the people is such that no amendment could ever change it. Indeed, Texans are peculiarly sensitive on this point. Christian community though ours is, the University could not venture to teach even the most general form of the Christian faith. In the training of the ministry the State can have no part. To this extent the University of Texas can never be­come a complete university. Perhaps it is better so. Out of all the jarring sects of Christendom, out of the innumerable cults of relig­ion in our free land, it would be hopeless to try to build a school to satisfy all the adherentti even of one creed. I know of but one non­sectarian divinity school and the number -0f its students does not grow, nor are its graduates welcome in any denomination save one. Still more out of the question would be a school for each sect. Where would the list end ? The only means, then, of training the ministry is the establish­ment of seminaries by the denominations themselves. This has, indeed, been done already, at great cost, with wonderful self-sac­rifice, and with at times an enthusiasm that outran judgment. It was long thought wise to put the seminary in a small town, apart from other life and thought. Here as in a cloister men were trained in the traditional learning of the church. In the last fifty years, however, great changes have taken _place in education of all grades. More and more is demanded of the doctor, the lawyer, the engineer, and all the rest, but the education of the clergy has almost stood still. Nay, while the doctor or lawyer of today is far better trained than his predecessor fifty years ago, the clergyman, if not actually less learned, is certainly compara­tively less well equipped. The truth is that the clergy are often out 1902.] The University Record. 0f touch with modern life and many have lost their hold on men. For this there are many causes, but to my mind their training is most to blame. What answered :fifty years ago will not answer to­day. The world demands more., Christianity, friends, is on trial for its life. The doctrines of the Church are being questioned as never before. If the clergy are to prove equal to their defense they must procure the best weapons, the surest armor, the most con­summate skill. It will not do for them to cut themselves off from the current of modern thought. They must come, as of late they have shown a disposition to come, to the cities and universities, to the centers of life and thought. I congratulate the Southern Presbyterian church on reading the future aright. I rejoice at the measures she is taking to provide for an educated ministry, one, we trust, that will prove equal to the demands of the new time. I rejoice that she has selected Austin as the site for her new seminary, where its students may avail themBelves of the manifold courses, lectures, laboratories, collections and library of the University. I rejoice that they will know, and I trust that they will share, the vigor, the activity, the broad outlook of our University life. Yet the benefit will not be all on O'Ile side. In the search for knowledge the unguided student is too apt to forget God and glide into unbelief, or, worse still, sink into a philosophy of pleasure. Thoughtless youth again stands always in danger of dissipation, and dissipation unchecked means ruin. To both these classes the faith and unselfish devotion, the purity ·and manliness, of men whose study and model is the Master of the Ages must needs prove a mighty influence. Gentlemen of the Seminary, we of the University offer you all our resources in every line of thought, we welcome you to our halls as fellow students in the search for truth. Our only regret is that your campus is so far from our own, our only misgiving that you may find it inconvenient to be with us as often all we wish. The University Record. [December, THE UNIVERSITY. GENERAL NOTES. The bustle and mild excitement of the matriculation days was not unlike that of former sessions. The confusion necessarily growing out of several hundred persons attempting to do the same thing at The Opening. the same time was somewhat lessened by a more con­ venient and accessible arrangement of the executive nffices and a simplification of registration details. The Advisory Com­mittee occupied the Regents' room, and, although it was increased by the addition of several members, it was here that the most delJay occurred. This delay could largely be obviated in the future by following the plans of other large universities, whose incoming Freshmen classes have all the details of registration completed during the summer months; so that when they apply for admission in person only the bare recording of names is necessary before they may take up regular class-room work. Another year this plan will probably be followed. The increasing number of students renders it more and more necessary. The matriculation at Austin to the 20th of November is 782 students, against 812 students at a similar date last session. The Junior Law class is larger than formerly on account of the desire to escape the three­year law schedule which goes into effect in 1903. The decrease in num­bers is thus found in the Academic Department, and is in part attributa­ble to the financial stringency following two years of widespread drouth, and partly to the regulations discouraging the admission of students after the work of -i;he classes is under way. At the end of the first two weeks of registration the number of matriculates was half a hundred ahead of that at a similar date liast session. Since then, however, the numbers have steadily lessened until the matriculation is thirty students less than ""11 the same day last session. This slight loss in numbers will doubtless Ile recompensed by more uniformity in class-room work, and a smaller number of students will be compelled to leave the institution because of unsatisf.actory progress. The registration of such persons is an embar­rassment to the University, and too often leads to mortification and dis­appointment on the part of the students themselves. No formal opening exercises were held this year; and thus far the stu­dents have not assembled except to transact business pertaining to the Students' Council. The quick assimilation of more than three hundred new students into the life a nd spirit of the University, without warnings or suggestions from the President or other executive officer, cannot be allowed to pass without calling attention to the compliment necessarily involved in the fact. It affords an illustration of not only the adaptability 1902.] The University Record. of the average student, but also shows that he is right minded and pos­sesses the quality of trustworthiness and independence. The new Dean, Dr. Mezes, though he followed an official of rare admin­istrative ability, has filled the place admirably. The work of the entire University has begun under auspicious conditions and the end of the year wi1l certainly record another session of progress. The registration at the Medical Department is slightly below that of the session of 1901-1902, and is traceable to the general financial depression in the State. J. A. L. THOMAS W. PAGE: POLITICAL SCIENCE. Dr. Thomas Walker Page, recently elected Professor of Political Science, in succession to Professor D. F. Houston, was born at Cobham, Virginia, in 1866. After preliminary training in the schools lll'ew Members of the l"acult;v. of his native State, he entered Randolph-Macon Col­ lege in 1883; and there he remained as a successful student till 1886, when he was given the master's degree. With the inter­est in practical affairs that has since classed him with the modern type of college professor, rather than with the detached dreamer of former days, Mr. Page spent the year after his graduation in t11avel, covering much of the United States and Canada, and observing men and things with a wide­awake interest. A time was then spent in the study of law, history and political economy at the University of Virginia, and several years as Associate Principal of a large Virginia private school. But with 1893 came a return to Mr. Page's most permanent interest, the study of the subjects just mentioned, and nearly four years thereafter were spent by him at European universities, chiefly at Leipsic, Berlin and Oxford, with such good results that in 1896 he received the doctorate in philosophy, summa sum laude, from the University of Leipsic. Since '96 Dr. Page has been engaged uninterruptedly in university teach­ing and administration, though he has found time, in additon, to do no little writing, both learned and popular, 1and to take active part, in an advisory capacity, in business affairs, especially at his last post in Cali­fornia. He organized and bad charge of the work in History and Eco­nomics at Rlandolph-Macon College; taught for a brief period at the Uni­versity of Chicago; and in 1898 accepted the Assistant Professorship of History and Political .Economy at the University of California, which position he resigned to come to Texas. In 1900 he was appointed Dean of the newly created College of Commerce at Berkeley, and gave that important department the organization in curriculum and in general plan under which it is now working. It is not a little fortunate that Texas has secured a man competent to inaugurate and develop a department for which the rapid industrial growth of the State will soon make a demand, if, indeed, the need for it does not already exist. While in California Dr. Page was also a member, and Secretary of the Board of Governors, of the Pacific Commercial Museum,-similar to the well-known Philadelphia institution of like name,-whose purpose it is to gather commmercially useful information and exhibits; and he, in com­mon with his colleagues in economics, were not infrequently sought as valued advisers by men engaged in complicated enterprises, as is the cus­tom in our older business communities. Among Professor Page's publications, the following may be mentioned, as giving some idea of the character and scope of his interests: A book on "The End of Serfdom in England," Macmillan; "American Commercial Policy," Journal of Political Economy; "The Labor Movement in Amer­ica," Political Science Quarterly; "Umwandlung der Frohendienste in Geldrenten," Schmollers J ahrbuch; "The True Judge Lynch," Atlantic Monthly; "The July Revolution," Harper's Monthly. Professor Page's marriage, in 1899, to Miss Alspaugh, daughter of a North Carolina banker and lawyer, will add to the warmth of his welcome to Austin. S. E. M. ARTHUR LLEWELLYN ENO: ENGLISH. Arthur Llewellyn Eno, recently called to the University of Texas as Instructor in English, was born at Charlotte, Vermont. He received his early training in his native town and at Vermont Academy_ In 1891 he entered Brown University, where he spent four years as an undergraduate student, winning various honors in the gift of the student-body,-among others the editorship of the Brown Daily Herald,-and receiving, in 1895, the degree of Bachelor of Arts. In the fall of 1895, he returned to Brown to do graduate work, and to serve as Assistant in Rhetoric. For the next three years Mr. Eno was master in Latin at Vermont Academy. In 1898, he was called to the University of Vermont as Instructor in English and German; here he also did graduate work, and in 1900 received the Ver­mont Master's degree. In the same year he began a two years' course of graduate study in English at Harvard University, and reeoeived last June the Harvard Master of Arts, finishing meantime all class-room work in English required for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Mr. Eno has also traveled extensively both at home and abroad, and has attended lec­tures for a while at. the University of Berlin. He comes to the University of Texas most cordially recommended by former instructors and associates, among whom are Professor Manly (now of the University of Chicago), Professor Tupper, of the University of Vermont, and Professors Kittredge, Hill, and Von Jagemann, of Harvard. K. C. HENRY DAVID GRAY: ENGLISH. Henry David Gray is a native of Plainfield, New Jersey, but he has lived since early youth in the State of New York. His boyhood was spent with his grandparents in Auburn, N. Y. Here he had access to a large library, which he made good use of, and thus early became acquainted with the best English literature. Mr. Gray's college training was reeoeived 1902.J The University Record. at Colgate University, where he was graduated A. B. in the honor group in 1897. While at Colgate, he won several prizes in oratory, and was class poet. His graduate work was done at Columbia University. From this institution he received the Master of Arts degree in 1898. Since then, he has done further work at Columbia in his favorite subjects,-English and philosophy,-and has finished his residence for the Ph. D. degree. His dissertation will be a study of "Emerson and New England Transcenden­talism." Mr. Gray's training has been excellent. He has also had suc­cessful experience as a teacher,-first, as instructor in French and Ger­man at Colgate Academy; later, as professor of English in the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. He has, moreover, a leaning toward the pro­fession of· literature, and has hesitated between teaching and the career of a writer and lecturer. Aside from his Master's thesis ("A Treatment of the Villain in Shakespeare and Moli1!re," printed in The Sewanee Review for 1899) and sundry reviews for the magazines, he has written several dramas. K. C. REGINALD HARVEY GRIFFITH: ENGLISH. Reginald Harvey Griffith, the son of the Rev. Richard Henry Griffith, D. D., a descendant of an old Virginia family, was born in Charlotte, N. C., February 3, 1873. In his ninth year, his parents moved to Greenville, S. C. Here, in the Greenville Military Institute, an:d later in the prepara­tory department of Furman University, he was prepared for college. In 1888, Mr. Griffith became a student in Furman University proper, and four years later he received the degree of Master of Arts, gaduating second in his class. He now taught for two years in the public schools of South Carolina. In the fall of 1894 he went to Johns Hopkins University as a graduate student in English. He remained here for two years, earning the confidence ·of his teachers and fellow students and establishing a solid reputation as a discriminating and enthusiastic investigator. On leaving Johns Hopkins, Mr. Griffith resumed work in his chosen profession, spend­ing, first, two years in public school work in North Carolina, then one year as Professor of English at his alma mater, and finally a year as superintendent of schools at Hendersonville, N. C. He gave up this work in 1900 for a position in Washington, D. C., that he might study in the Library of Congress. While here, he began work on a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. This study, together with other papers, he submitted in the spring of 1901 to Chicago University in support of an application for a Fellowship. Mr. Griffith was awarded the senior of five fellowships in English, and accordingly spent the year 1901-2 in study at the University of Chicago. He has finished all work required for the Doctor's regree, including his minors,-German and French,-on which he has stood with much credit his final examinations. He hopes to submit his dissertation (a study of the Middle-English romance, "Sir Percyvelle of Galles") , and to appear for his degree in June of next year. K. c. MISS FLORENCE P. LEWIS: MATHEMATICS. Miss Lewis, a new member in the teaching force of the School of Math­ematics, is well known in Austin. She received her secondary training in the .Austin High School, and in 1894 entered the University of Te=s. Four years later she graduated with the degrees B. A. and M. A. During her student-life in the University, the work of Miss Lewis was noted with favor by all her instructors. At the close of her last year in the Univer­sity she was made Fellow in Philosophy in Bryn Mawr College. Her work in Bryn Mawr as a graduate student was unusually strong. At the end of the year the recommendations of her professors in Philoso­phy, Mathematics and Physics were so emphatic that the faculty of Bryn Mawr awarded her a traveling fellowship. In a letter of introduction to the institutions abroad in which she studied, the president of Bryn Mawr writes of Miss Lewis as follows: "Although she is exceedingly young, indeed, much younger than most of the students working in our graduate school, the Professor of Philosophy assures me that she regards Miss Lewis as a student of very unusual mental power, in which opinion the professors 01 Mathematics and Physics with whom she studied concurred." Miss Lewis spent the year 1899-1900 abroad, studying eight months in the University of Paris and four months in the University of Ziirich. After the year abroad she began teaching in the University Preparatory School in Austin. In this position Miss Lewis taught with success until she was called to the University. C. D. R. MISS MARY E. DECHERD: MATHEMATICS. Miss Decherd, a new teacher in the School of Mathematics, is a native of Texas, and was reared in Austin. She prepared for the University in the Austin High School, and entered the University of Texas as a student in 1889. She took her first degree of B. Lit. in 1892, graduating second in her class. Soon after graduation Miss Decherd was made teacher of Mathematics in the Austin High School, which position she retained until she was given her present position in the University of Texas. During the time she was teaching in the Austin High School, Miss Decherd's interest in mathematics continued to grow. She kept in close touch with the Department of Mathematics in the University, taking from one to two courses each year. In 1897 she had completed the required amount of graduate work for her Master's degree. After taking her Master's degree, Miss Decherd continued her studies in Mathematics in the University, and in the summer of 1901 did special work in the University of Chicago. At the same time her work in the _.\ustin High School was successful in every way. A great many of her pupils have entered the University, and have all shown a thoroughness in their preparation much above that given in the average high school. C. D.R. The object of this note is not to answer ihe carping of critics already prejudiced against the University, whose views no facts could alter, but Christian In:flu-to show our friends and the general public that there ences in the are those in and ·about the University who are inter-University. ested in the spiritual welfare of the young men and women who come here from year to year. The prevailing element of college atmosphere is intellectual develop­ment, yet the number of those who give due prominence to other necessary elements in the atmosphere of life is not insignificant here or elsewhere. It is undeniably true, on the one hand, that intellects trained without spiritual ballast are apt to enter on the profession of instruction with an exaggerated e<;mception of intellectual supremacy in general and their own in particular, and, on the other hand, that college training quickens the processes of thought and sharpens the wits of the student to such a degree that he loses his equilibrium unless held in place by powerful coun­ terbalancing influences. To this danger the University of Texas, in com­ mon with all colleges, is certainly exposed. Yet within and without the institution the influence is strong and enduring of men who believe that intellectual power is not an end in itself, but a means by which the soul seeks its highest development. Within, this influence comes from the efforts of students and Faculty; without, chiefly through the agency of the churches. Aside from the fact that the majority of the student-body is connected with the churches, actually or sympathetically,-which unfortunately forms a poor basis for argument from the Christian standpoint, the active stu­ dent agencies for good are the Young Men's and Young Women's Chris­ tian Associations. These associations might increase the sphere and power of their influence through more energetic efforts commensurate with other student activities, but even now no student can complain of the lack of opportunity for Christian sympathy and Bible study. Not only are there classes for Bible study, one among the women, conducted by an instructor, and three among the men, conducted by Y. M. C. A. members, but many of the students work in connection with the churches and individually. The Christian influence of the Faculty is greater than is generally sup­ posed. Morning prayers are conducted in accordance with the vote of the Faculty as a whole, and a standing committee is appointed each year to see that suitable religious exercises are presented to the students. Mani­ festly these exercises are not universally attended by the Faculty or the students, but a fair proportion of the Faculty is there all the time, and some of them lead the services. But this is the smallest part of Faculty influence. There are those in the Faculty who affiliate ·and labor with the Christian associations, while others let the right hand indulge in Chris­ tian work of which the left hand knows not. It will surprise many to know that a dozen members of the Faculty are connected with the differ­ ent Sunday schools of the city either as superintendent or Bible class teacher, and that they make active and successful efforts to attract the students to the Sunday schools. This takes no account of those who are members and office bearers in the church. 474 The Unfoersity Record. [December, Frorr:. without, church influences are active. The pastors manifest a deep interest' by conducting morning prayers from week to week llpon the invitation of the Faculty. All churches extend invitations to the students to worship with them, and at least half a dozen put forth strenuous efforts to secure student attendance upon church and Sunday school. One denom­ination felt the weight of responsibility so heavily that a building was erected primarily for the students, and today is supported by special subscriptions and appropriations that they may· have •a convenient place of worship. Another church has a standing committee, consisting of University stu­dents and an instructor, whose duty is to work among the students and induce them to attend and affiliate with some church. Similar work is carried on By other churches in a more or less organized way, so that the opening of the University session is a period of unusual activity among the Christian people of Austin. The encouraging feature in the situation is that the power of the Chris­tian influences is on the increase. The writer can recall the day when from three to a dozen attended morning.prayers, and the only encourage­ment from the Faculty came from one member; when there were no churches easily accessible from the University ; when there was no cam­paign among the students on the part of the churches. D. A. P. The University of Texas Mineral Survey has done much for the State by bringing out, during the present year, Bulletins 3 and 4, which give Becent Bulletins in full an account of the "Coal, Lignite and Asphalt of the 'University Rocks of Texas," and "The Terlingua Quicksilver of 'l'exa.s Deposits of Brewster County." Mineral Survey. Bulletin No. 3, upon "Coal, Lignite and Asphalt Rocks of Texas," contains 129 pages, several illustrations and topographic maps. The value of this bulletin may be seen in the outline of work covered by different chapters. Chapter I, prepared by Mr. R. C. Brooks and Dr. W. B. Phillips, Direc­tor of the Survey, deals with: Locations of coal and lignite mines, Eocene coals, labor, cost of production, description of mines, sections of coal and lignite seams, Eagle Pass coal field, Cretaceous coal, Carboniferous coal, bituminous or soft coal, analyses of coals and lignites. Chapters II, III and IV were prepared by Dr. W. B. Phillips, aided in Chapter IV by Mr. B. F. Hill, Assistant Geologist, and they treat of: ( 1) Discussion of heat units, calculation of heat units, Professor Denton's test of Beaumont oil, comparison of coal with oil as fuel, production of coal and lignite, railroad freights on coal, lignite and oil. (2) Asphalt rocks of Montague, Cooke, Anderson, Jasper, Uvalde and Burnet counties, and analyses of asphalt rocks. (3) Uses of asphalt and asphalt rocks, production of asphalt and asphalt pavements, analyses of asphalt and asphalt rocks, and utilization of asphalt rocks in Texas. 1902.] The University Record. Chapter V was prepared by Dr. Henry Winston Harper, Professor of Chemistry in the University, and in this he deals in hi~ characteristically exhaustive way with the chemistry of asphalt rocks of Texas, analytical methods, nomenclature, specimens examined, experimental part, investiga­tion of the bitumen extracted from Texas asphalt rocks, summary of results. The analytical work (except analyses credited to other sources) was done, under the personal supervision of Dr. Harper, by Messrs. 0. H. Palm and S. H. Worrell, Assistant Chemists to the Survey. Bulletin No. 4, "The Terlingua Quicksilver Deposits of Brewster County," a report of some seventy-two pages, well iilustrated and aecom· panied by sectional and topographical maps, is the work of Mr. B. F. Hill, Assistant Geologist of Survey, to which was added, by Dr. W. B. Phillips, some additional matter to correlate these with other deposits now pro­ducing quicksilver. Mr. Hill treats: (1) Of the location of the district, the sections con­stituting the mineral belt, general conditions and history. (2) The geology and topography of the district. (3) The mercury minerals, asso­ ciated minerals, vein material, ore deposits, forms of deposits, etc. (4) Methods of mining, treatment of the ore, furnaces and condensers. (5) Mode of occurrences of ores and future possibilities of the field. (6) Companies and production. In these bulletins technical discussions have been avoided. They have been written from a practical standpoint, and can be readily understood by all classes of citizens. These publications have been exceedingly well received, as ie evidenced by the great demand for them both within and without the State. H.W. WHEREAS, Death has recently removed from our midst our fellow-class­mate and friend, John Riddell McKellar; and, :Resolutions of the WHEREAS, We wish to express a sense of our deep Senior Class on grief at his untimely end; therefore, be it the Dea.th of John Resolved, by the Senior Class of the University of :Riddell McXella.r. Texas: First. That our class has lost an honored fellow-student and kind and congenial friend. Second. That we extend to the grief-stricken family our heartfelt sym­pathy in this hour of their sad bereavement and our common loss; and, Third. That a copy of these resolutions be sent to the family and that copies be furnished the Tea;a,n, the Urviversity of Tea;a,s Ma,ga,zine, the UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS RECORD, the Forney Tribune, and the Forney Mes­senger. EMILY A. RAWLINGS, FRANCES HOGAN, B. H. POWELL, JR., N. B. JUDD, PERCY BURNEY. STUDENT INTERESTS. I. After nearly two years of planning, discussing, filibustering, bolting, parliamentary wrangling, etc., the idea of a Students' Association, of a central, business-like organization, with means to Th~!1:!~~ts' supervise elections, to control the publications, to rep­ resent the student-body as an organized entity in all special cases involving the interests of the students, and to obtain accu­rately the general sentiment on all issues that may come up,-the idea of such a systematic, well-governed method of directing student affairs, has finally emerged from the vissicitudes of politics into an actual reali:lia· tion. The Students' Association is now in operation. It has not proved itself a police bureau, as was prophesied by those who opposed the move­ment last year; neither has it proved itself a convenient agency for politi­cal manipulation. On the contrary, it has proved itself a simple, digni­fied, methodic way of transacting student business and of protecting and promoting student interests. The first few months of its operation have been entirely without criticism or friction of any sort. If it continues to work as harmoniously in the future, it will reflect great credit on the committee which, after so much patient deliberation, devised the plan, and must eventually win the respect and support of all classes of stu­dents. The officers of the association are : W. F. Bartholomew, President; J . E. Hackett, Vice-President; W. F. Martin, Secretary-Treasurer. The com­position of the Executive Committee is as follows: From the Academic Department, Chas. W. Ramsdell, A. F. Weisberg, G.D. Hunt, E.G. Cana­way and W. 0. Wright; from the Law Department, Seth S. Searcy, A. M. Frazier, Edwin Dabney, W. L. Prather, Jr., and A. T. Russell; from the Engineering Department, C. T. Harris, F. Z. Lee, W. F. Martin, W. W. Vann and T. J. Palm. * * * As usual, the opening of the year witnessed a great deal of systematic "rushing" on the part of the fraternities for new men to fill out their depleted ranks. An organized movement was discussed l'raternities. last year by which all the fraternities were not to pledge new men until after the Christmas holidays. This woulil have been a very desirable innovation. Similar customs by which fraternities are protected from receiving new men into their brother· hood too hastily are practiced in other colleges. This year, however, the plan had not yet been inaugurated, and so the beginning of the session was attended with the usual excitement. All of the fraternities secured plenty of good material, and their numbers are now about the same as last year. Fraternity life has been given a great impetus because several of the fraternities have gone into chapter quarters. The Phi Delta Thetas and 1902.] The University .Record. Kappa Sigmas have erected comfortable homes of their own. In ·addition, several of tile other fraternities have leased houses, and expect to follow the example of the Phi Delta Thetas and Kappa Sigmas in the very near future. The following is from the Texan of October 15th: "The Phi Delta Theta house is a large frame building of the Colonial style, with great massive columns. It is painted a light buff, trimmed white, and is situated on the corner of Twenty-second and San Antonio streets. The lower floor consists of a large reception hall, a meeting room, a parlor, a dining room and a kitchen, the latter of which will not be put into use before January. The whole lower floor is papered white and blue, the fraternity colors. The second floor consists of eight com­modious rooms. A large double porch extends around the north and east sides of the building. "The Kappa Sigma building is a large red brick structure, situated on the corner of Nineteenth and .Colorado streets. It contains eight double rooms, besides a long hall and several bath rooms. The two spacious rooms on the east side can be thrown together for purposes of reception. The house is provided with bath, electricity and gas, the floors are finished in hard oil, and the grates are set in diagonally and tiled. The situation of the building is a splendid one, commanding a fine view straight up University Avenue to the Main Building and the Campus. "Both these buildings will be richly furnished and provided with every modern convenience. It is contemplated to beautify the lawns of both; and nothing will be spared to make them ideal homes for the members of these prosperous chapters. "The erection of these houses has already influenced several other fra­ ternities to lease houses, and may influence one or two more in the near future. The Beta Theta Pi, the Phi Gamma Delta and the Chi Phi, and the Phi Phi Phi fraternities have already engaged chapter quarters for the ensuing year. Thus over one hundred fraternity men will occupy houses of their own, which fact will not be without its influence on the. boarding problem. These chapter houses will be pleasant centers of social life, and will contribute largely to the ties and pleasures of fraternity life." * * * At the first regular meeting of the Students' Association, October 26th, the Cac£us board for 1!)02-3 was unanimously elected, as follows: Editor­ in-Chief, Roy Bedichek; Associate Editors, William The Ca.ctus. Longino, J. R. Swenson, Shearon Bonner, A. E. Weis­ berg, Rembert Watson, Cleveland Sewall, E. C. Con­ nor, John Lang Sinclair, Miss Gretchen Rochs, Miss Flora Bartholomew and Miss Helen Devine. This board combines the energy, the literary abil­ ity, the originality, and the refined taste necessary to compile an annual worthy of the institution it represents and is truly reflective of every aspect of its student life. Thus far the board .has had only one meeting. General plans were discussed, ideas were freely exchanged, and the follow­ ing organization announced: The University Record. [December, Literary Editor, J. L. Sinclair; Assistants, W. Longino, Miss Gretchen Rochs and Shearon Bonner. Art Editor, E. C. Connor; Assistant, Miss H . 0. Devine. Co=ittee on Organizations : Chairman, A. F. Weisberg; Committee­men, Rembert Watson, C. Sewall, Miss Flora Bartholomew and J. R. Swenson. It is proposed to make the forthcoming annual a departure in many respects from the conventions into which the Cactus has gradually fallen . The latest catchy ideas gleaned from the best college annuals of the country, supplemented by whatever that the invention and ingenuity of the board can afford, will be embodied in the Cactus of 1902-3. * * * The literary societies begin this session with brighter prospects than ever before. Each has been invigorated by new accessions to its member­ship. The rolls, considerably thinned out by the fail­ 'l'he Literary ure of many old-timers to return to the University, Societies. have already been restored to their usual length. The new initiates in general are men of active enthusiasm and excep­tional promise. In both the Athenreum and Rusk the attendance is very encouraging, while the programs up-to-date, spicy and entertaining, mani­fest commendable interest and preparation on the part of the men. It is to be regretted, however, that the total membership in both socie­ties has not gone beyond last year's mark. Whilst the energy and earn­estness of those who are members is admirable, it is certainly a deplora­ble state of affairs for the debating and oratorical interests of the Uni­versity when, out of about 600 men students, less than 100 are active members of the literary societies. Outside of the manifold benefits of which so many men are depriving themselves by neglecting to devote some of their time to these activities,-this being a matter for private discre­tion,-it is as much the duty of every student to contribute real and sub­stantial .support to this sphere of intercollegiate rivalry as it is the duty of every student to lend his time, his money, and his lungs to the support of athletics. Of last year's representatives, J. B. Dibrell, Jr., and W. S. Moore are back to try for the intercollegiate teams once more, but three of the old veterans, E. T. Moore, Jr., W. H. Slay ·and W. P. Allen, have not returnea to the University. The new material, however, is unusually strong, and, together with the large number of experienced men who have declared their intention of entering the contests, will be fully able to sustain 'Var­sity's reputation. The preliminaries within the societies are now under way. Much depends on the result of the contests next spring. The issue of the debate with Tulane decides the championship of the Tul:ane series; and a second victory over Colorado would secure the championship of the Colo­rado series. Moreover, Texas has never yet carried away first honors in the Southern Interstate Oratorical Contest. But she ha,s been able to come dangerously close to first honors several times, and this year she goes in to win. The Texan, the University weekly newspaper, has this year undergone decided improvements, so that the University of Texas now issues the very best college newspaper in the South, and one The Texan. which is on a par with the best of the weekly publi­ cations of Northern universities. Because of the enlargement in the size of the paper, every student inter­est now has a weekly hearing, and the editors, under the direction of Mr. Alex Deussen, have taken full advantage of the increased possibilities thus presented. Every feature of University life has their attention, and so great is their industry that° they are able to accomplish what has never been aone before, the making of every feature a regular feature. This regularity is a source of great satisfaction to readers of the Texan, and entitles the efficient staff of editors to sincere congratulation. Evidently the editor-in-chief has striven to give the Texan the appearance and effect of a newspaper, and in this he has succeeded. The student mind is still of the opinion that the hard work of the editorial board, now wholly gra­tuitous, should receive reward, for some reward the time and energy expended certainly merit. A very important innovation in the management of the paper has been the reduction of the assistant staff to four. The result has been a great increase in efficiency and promptitude. Under the old plan of having fifteen or twenty on the staff, no one received much credit for the charac­ ter Of the sheet turned out, and so no one worked. But now each of the four assistant editors, feeling a certain responsibility upon himself and also feeling a closer and more peraonal interest in the welfare of the paper, is dofog his full part in dividing the labor with the editor-in-chief, and in sharing obligations which no one man who is burdened with a full University course can adequately fulfil by himself. The chief problem that has presented itself in connection with the Texan is that of delivery. The mailing service of the Austin postoffice thus far has proved itself notoriously inefficient and unreliable. It is hoped when the University postoffice has been supplied with sufficient lockers to relieve the congestion and has been established upon a smooth working basis, that it will afford a convenient delivery to a large number of stu­ dents. At present the complaint is loud and general; it comes from both students and alumni. The business managers will exhaust every effort to remedy the defect forthwith. If no other satisfactory alternative can be devised, delivery by carrier will be instituted. * * * On recommendation of the Debating Council, the Oratorical Association has adopted the following permanent rules and regulations for the govern­ment of all debating and oratorical contests held in Oratorical the University: Conterits. For the purpose of uniformity from year to year, the following rules and regulations shall hereafter obtain in public speak­ ing events to be participated in solely by students of the University, such 5-R The University Record. [December, rules and regulations subject to change by majority vote of the Oratorical Association, upon recommendation of the Debating Council. The public contests in speaking, and dates of the same, shall be as fol­lows: ( 1) Inter-Literary Society Debate, which shall determine the selec­tion of the Intercollegiate debating teams, to be held on the third Satur­day night in January of each year. ( 2) A Declamation Contest (when a prize is provided for this purpose), to be held on the first Saturday night in April of each year. ( 3) The DuBois Prize Contest in Oratory, to be held on the first Sat­urday night in May of each year. The contest for the DuBois Prize shall also determine the University's representative in the annual contest of the Southern Interstate Oratorical Association. I. THE INTEBSOCIETY DEBATE. ( l) Some time prior to the holiday vacation in each year, the Athe­nreum and Rusk Literary Societies shall each select the four students adjudged their best debaters. For this purpose each society shall adopt its own rules and regulations; provided, only (1) that the selection be by preliminary competition open to all members of the respective socie­ties, and ( 2) that no limitation be placed upon any student as to the time of his becoming a member of either society that will affect his right other­wise to enter the preliminary competition. (2) As early as practicable after the opening of the fall term, the Faculty Committee on Forensics and Oratory shall announce a question for debate, which question shall be used for the societies' preliminaries and for the Intersociety Debate. ( 3) The eight students chosen as provided for in subdivision l (any vacancies being filled as eaeh society may determine), shall engage in a public debate in the University Auditorium on the third Saturday night in January of each year. Unless both societies vote otherwise, the four representatives of a given society shall champion the same side of the question. Sides and order of speaking shall be determined voluntarily or by lot. Each debater shall be allowed two speeches, one of ten (10) min­utes in direct debate, the other of three (3) minutes in rebuttal. The first series of speeches shall be opened by the affirmative, and shall alter­nate between the affirmative and negative speakers. In the second or three-minute speeches, the order of speaking shall be reversed, i. e., the last speaker on the affirmative shall be the first speaker in the second series of speeches, and so on. ( 4) Prior to determining the sides and order of speakers in the Inter­society Debate, the Faculty Committee on Forensics and Oratory shall outline the question for debate, affirmative and negative, into four main lines of argument; and each speaker shall confine his argument, both in direct debate and refutation, primarily to the particular field of the discussion previously assigned him from such outline. ( 5) The presiding officer of the Intersociety Debate shall be the presi­ 1902.] The University Record. dent of the Oratorical .Association or some person chosen by him. Each society shall select a timekeeper for the debate. The two so selected shall time the speakers, and ring a warning bell promptly upon the expiration of the time limit. (6) The judges of the debate shall be a committee of three judges chosen by the Faculty Committee on Forensics and Oratory. The judges shall determine (1) which side wins the debate, ( 2) the best individual debater (in case a prize is offer.ed for this purpose), and ( 3) the four students .and the two alternates to represent the University in the inter­collegiate debates. Said Faculty Committee shall designate the students who shall constitute the respective intercollegiate debating teams, the indi­vidual preferences of the students being considered. Any vacancies in the teams as first chosen may be filled by appointing any one of those remain­ing out of the six chosen as aforesaid, as may be determined by said com­mittee. II. THE DECLAMATION CONTEST. This contest shall be held (whenever a prize is offered for this pur­pose) on the first Saturday night in .April of each year. Such contest shall be held under the general supervision of the Professor of Oratory. III. THE DUBOIS PRIZE CONTEST. A $50 cash prize,-the "DuBois Prize in Oratory,"-is offered by the School of Oratory to that University student adjudged the best speaker, matter and delivery both considered, in a public contest to be held in the University Auditorium on the first Saturday night in May of each year, under the following rules and regulations: ( 1) A preliminary contest shall be held on the afternoon of the third Friday in April of each year, at 2: 30 p. m. Excepting a previous winner of the DuBois Prize, any bona fide student in the University may enter such contest by delivering an original oration, not exceeding 1800 words in length, t>efore the Faculty Committee on Forensics and Oratory, or a committee of judges chosen by said Faculty Committee. Provided that there are at least four speakers whose orations and delivery are worthy, in the opinion of the judges, of a public contest, not more than six nor less than four shall be chosen for the final contest. ( 2) In both the preliminary and final contests, the speakers shall appear in the order as determined by lot, subject to such exchanges as may be mutually agreed upon. ( 3) The final contest shall be held in the Auditorium on the first Sat­urday night in May of each year. The presiding officer and the judges shail be appointed by the Faculty Committee on Forensics and Oratory. The judges shall base their award of the prize on the thought, composi­tion .and delivery, but no hard-and-fast lines shall be drawn as to the rela­tive importance of these elements. The test shall be that of general effec­tiveness. ( 4) The final contest for the DuBois Prize shall also determine the The University Record. [December, University's representative in the annual contest of the Southern Inter· state Oratorical Association. For this purpose, a previous winner of the DuBois Prize shall be eligible to contest, but not as a candidate for the DuBois Prize. Of the speakers in the final contest, the judges shall name their first and second choice, who shall be, respectively, the University representative and the alternate in the Southern Interstate Contest. A. F. W. II. The wife and daughters of our President, the ladies in the Faculty, the wives of all the Faculty, as well as every lady connected with and inter­ested in the welfare and happiness of the girl students ~he University f · t't t' h f d · t' 'th Ladies' Club. o our ms i u ion, ave orme an organ1za ion w1 what we all feel a truly beneficent purpose. The object of the club is to keep the University ladies in touch with the girls as well as to establish friendly relaions among the girls themselves. To this end the members of the club take turn about in entertaining informally a certain number of girls at a time. These informal "shirt­waist receptions" are to take place every month. The first took place about the middle of November. It was attended by one-half the Fresh­men class, and was so signal a success that it seems a most promising harbinger of many pleasant evenings for our University girls. The work can best be judged by reading the :first committee report: "The committee, consisting of Mrs. Rice, Miss Andrews, Miss Lavender, Miss Whitten, Mrs. Sutton and Miss Prather, beg leave to submit the following report: "Since the opening of the University, we have held at least six meetings in the interest of the work of visiting the new girls of the University. We obtained a complete list of these, and can now report that we have accomplished what we undertook, that each new girl in the University has received at least one visit from a representative of the University Ladies' Club, and in most cases the girls have received three or four visits from the different members of your committee. "Thinking it may be of interest to you to hear of our individual efforts, I shall give the number of visits made by each member of the committee: "Mrs. Sutton, 27 visits; Miss Lavender, 21 visits; Miss Andrews, 64 visits; Miss Prather, 43 visits; Miss Whitten, 80 visits; Mrs. Rice, 102 visits, making a sum total of 337 visits made since the first of October. "There are nearly one hundred Freshmen girls this year. The other visits have been made to old girls who were boarding in the house with the Freshmen. "We beg leave to assure you of the great cordiality with which we inva­riably have been received, and so tender you from the girls their sincere appreciation and gratitude for this expression of personal interest in them. We are convinced that our work was not in vain, and in bringing this report to a conclusion, we wish you to know what a keen pleasure each 1902.J The University Record. member of the committee has felt in seeing and knowing these girls. We deserve no credit, for the girls haYe repaid us, 'full measure pressed down, and running over.' "M. L. PRATHER, Chairman.'' * * * At the last meeting of the Council, the President addressed the ladies assembled and the program was postponed until the next meeting. The officers for the year 1902-1903 are: Miss Mar­'.l'hetV:comen .garet Holliday, President; Misses Ethel Z. Rather and etu4en s ounc1.1 Fanny K. Prather, Vice-Presidents; Miss Julia Ideson, Secretary; Miss Ethel Oliphint, Treasurer. Those chosen from each class to form, together with the officers, the Advisory Board, are: Misses Celeste Holt and Gladys Tingle, Freshman class; Flora Bartholomew, Columbus Shipe, Sophomore class; Mora Mc­combs, Alice Harrison, Junior class; Helen 0. Devine, Mary Fiegel, Senior class; Mattie Austin, graduate. From the Faculty, Mrs. Kirby, Miss Lilia M. Casis and Miss Roberta F. Lavender are members of the Board. * * * The Sydney Lanier Literary Society resumed its work with renewed enthusiasm born of long rest. At the first meeting the following officers were installed for the term: Miss Hammond, Presi­ The Sydney dent; Miss Maud M. Shipe, Vice-President; Miss Mora Lanier, McCombs, Secretary; Miss Edna Anderson, Treasurer. The topic for study chosen was the work of the prose writers of the South. Up to the present date the Southern prose literature, until the year 1825, has been completed, and the society is ready to pass to the most interesting part of the year's work-the writings of Edgar Allen .Poe. * * * The Ashbel Literary Society convened this year with greater zest than ever before. The year has begun under the most encouraging auspices­ there is a score or more of dollars in the treasury, and '.l'he Ashbel-twenty-five new chairs, with leather bottoms, a pos­ session for which the society has striven for over two years. Having attended meetings for so many years, resting on automata that snap together unexpectedly in pocket-knife fashion, and having leaned against the blistered portrait of an affably smiling blonde whose face adorns the back, it is more than joy to the members to contemplate their new acquisitions, ·and it seems almost too good to be true that in the near future the President will have a new desk whence she can wield the gavel. The Secretary will then .inherit that of the President. At the last meeting, the President made her inaugural address. She stated therein the requirements for Ashbelship. She advised that before any new members be considered, their records should be well looked into, and only those submitted for vote who are well up in their classes. In case any active member fail to make a course, she should consider it equal to a resignation from the society. The officers now active are: Miss Margaret Holliday, President; Miss Olatia Crane, Vice-President; Miss Octavia Nichols, Secretary; Miss Jones, Treasurer, and Misses Harris and Oliphint, Sergeant-at-Arms. G.R. NOTES OF THE LAW DEPARTMENT. The Law Department opened this session most auspiciously as regards number a.nd qualtity of students. This is the last year for matriculation under the two-year currieulum, and the Junior class of one hundred and five is the largest of any in the history of the University at the corresponding time in the session. These students are generally mature men, reasonably well prepared for their work. Judge Lewis, who has had charge of them up to this time, reports most favorably on their work and general attitude. The Seniors number sixty-one, of whom fifty-four are from the Junior class of last session, two are from the class of the preceding session, one was transferred from another law school, and the remaining four passed examinations for advanced standing. The class contains a number of good men, and is steadily at work with good results. We have two quiz-masters for all their time as against one for all and one for one-half his time last year. The schedule of work includes an exercise each morning of an hour and a half by each class, with one of the professors and a quiz every other day of one hour by the quiz-master. In addition, the Juniors have a course in Political Economy, and the Seniors their practice lectures and practice courts. Many of the quizzes are written. The class record has great weight in passing or refusing to pass the student, so the habit of cramming is much discouraged and steady, systematic work stimulated. The course in Practice has been increased, so that now two lectures on practice topics which cannot be reached in the Junior year are given the Seniors each week. Of these, approximately fifty are on State Practice and twenty on Practice in the Federal Courts. Changes have also been made in the Practice Court work which are well calculated to induce care­ful and systematic preparation of cases. A lawyer can indulge in no more unbusinesslike and weakening habit than neglect of prompt and thorough preparation of his cases. It is hoped that the present method of dealing with the assigned cases will prompt this in our graduates. The general spirit of the department is better this year than it has been, at least, for many years. We firmly believe that the honor system is established with us now not in name merely, but in fact, and that any effort at cheating would result in immediate ostracism by the students and recommendation of expulsion by the class organization. J.C. T. 1902.J The University Record. NOTES AND PERSONALS FROM THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. On September 23, 1902, Mrs. Anna Kauffman Cline, wife of R. R. D. Cline, professor of Pharmacy, died at her home in Galveston, leaving, besides her husband and little daughter, a wide circle of relatives and friends to mourn her loss. * * * The twelfth annual session of the Medical Department was formally opened on October 1, 1902, with the usual program of public exercises before a large audience of students and citizens in the upper west lecture room in the college building. The Rev. Mr. Munroe, of the First Chris­tian Church of Galveston, invoked the divine blessing and the formal address of the occasion was delivered by Dr. William Keiller. * * * On closing the matriculation books for the current session of the Medi­cal Department, November 1, 1902, two hundred and fifty-three students were enrolled, distributed in the different schools as follows: School of Medicine, 179; Pharmacy, 56; Nursing, 18. In the School of Nursing, entrance to which is not limited as in the Schools of Medicine and Phar­macy to the first of November, there are four vacancies which will proba­bly shortly be filled by acceptance of probationers to the regular class, thus making it probable that the final enrollment for the whole depart­ment will reach two hundred and fifty-seven by the time of publication of the Catalogue. This session, as for the past three or four years, a larger proportion of the students than was known in the early history of the institution was admitted to the classes by exemption because of cred­itable previous education, the entrance examinations being required in a proportionately smaller number of applicants; this experience may be well accepted as indicating the widening influences of the public school system of the State. * * * Owing to ill health, Dr. H. R. Dudgeon, Demonstrator of Surgery, and Dr. C. C. Jones, Demonstrator of Obstetrics and Gynecology, resigned from their respective positions in the School during the past summer. Dr. W. L. Allison, class of 1902, has been nominated by the Faculty for the post in Surgery, and Dr.. D. H. Lawrence, of the same cla,ss, for the post in Obstetrics and Gynecology. * * * "Dr. H. A. Ingalls, class of '98, who has been Clinical Instructor of Surgery in the Cincinnati (Ohio) College of Medicine and Surgery, was recently appointed Professor of Anatomy in that school." (University Medical, Oct., 1902.) Dr. Ingalls is the second of our medical graduates to be elevated to a professorial position, Dr. J. E. Wilson, class of '96, having for several years occupied the Chair of Pathology in the Medical School in Dallas. The University Record. [December, To the list of book publications by members of the University Faculty, there has been added during the past summer an octavo volume of about two hundred pages, interleaved, entitled "Instructions and Laboratory Exercises in Bacteriology," arranged for the use of students by Allen J. Smith, Profe5sor of Pathology in the University of Texas. The work was arranged primarily for the convenience of the classes in the Laboratory of Bacteriology in this school, but is offered by the publishers, Messrs. P. Blakiston's Son & Co., of Philadelphia, for use in any institution requir­ing such an outline of practical work. It is essentially a class-book, not a systematic text-book upon the subject, and is designed as introductory to the identification and study of bacteria, subsequent and systematic study of individual varieties being left untouched and referred to the many systematic descriptive works upon the subject. Messrs. Lea Broth­ers & Co., of Philadelphia and New York, have within the past month issued a new edition of "Gerrish's Anatomy," the article dealing with the nervous system in which is the product of the pen of Dr. William Keiller, Professor of Anatomy. In the new American text-book of "Medical Juris­prudence," published by W. B. Saunders & Co., of Philadelphia, the arti­cles dealing with death by asphyxiation, starvation and thirst, heat and cold, are contributed by Dr. Allen J. Smith, Professor of Pathology. * * * At a recent meeting of the Faculty of the Med.ical Department it was decided to hereafter require of the graduating class a formal examination in Medical Jurisprudence. This branch has been regularly taught in the curriculum of the institution since the first, but no examination has been required. The fact that the subject is demanded in the State examination has led to this action on the part of the Faculty, from the feeling that there should be no subject required by the State Board of Medical Exam­iners in which a supervising school examination had not been previously held to insure familiarity with the subject on the part of our students. By vote, this action of the Faculty becomes immediately effective. * * * Owing to inefficiency or deficiency of repair in remodeling the building intended as a home for the nurses of the Training School, and because of failure of funds required to install a suitable heating system in the building, it has been found necessary to temporarily remove the quarters of the school for the winter to the unoccupied rooms in the University Hall. It is to be hoped that before the close of the session sufficient money will have been obtained to make the improvements necessary for housing the nurses in their own building on the hospital grounds. * * * Ever since the opening of the Medical Department there has been con­templated oy the Board of Regents the eventual establishment of a course of instruction in Dentistry as one of the component schools of the depart· ment. Probably more because of the lack of room than for any other reason no decided steps along this line have ever been taken. Each year at least one hundred students of this branch of medical science go to the schools provided in other States for their professional education, and numerous letters of inquiry as to the existence or early founding of such a school at Galveston are received annually from persons contemplating dentistry as a profession. The time should be postponed no longer than necessary for equipping such a dental course, and enlargement of the present quarters should be contemplated within the near future for the accommodation of such an extension of university work and for develop­ment of needed laboratories in the Medical and Pharmaceutical Schools. The possibility of eventual establishment of a School of Veterinary Medi­cine ·and Surgery should add to the need for such consideration of expan­sion. There are needed in the existing schools quarters for a proper gen­eral museum and room for the establishment of laboratories in Botany, Pharmacodynamics, Medical Physics and Hygiene; and the utter unfit­ness of the present quarters of the Laboratories of Chemistry and Phar­macy in the basement of the college building materially increases the urgency of need for enlargement. It seems probable, too, that when the filling in of the city of Galveston to a higher level is accomplished, as is contemplated in the plans for protection from the sea, these laboratories as now situated will be some feet below the level of the ground and prac­ tically useless. * * * There are few institutions better located than the Medical Department of the University of Texas for the prosecution of studies in tropical medi­cine; and the trend of medical progress is strongly in this line, following the lead of national expansion in tropical regions. With but little encour­agement there could be built up at Galveston influences of much attrac­tion to medical students from other States and abroad in this direction; and a number of the present teaching corps would enter heartily into the development of such a feature, provided their time could in any way be freed from some of the present routine class-work in order to be applied to the needs of such a course of study. It has been suggested as an ini­tial endeavor that a few fellowships for original research along the pecu­liar lines ot interest in this part of the country be established and placed under the direction of the Faculty, these being opened to graduate students of this or other schools of medicine who may be willing to devote their time to the solution of questions assigned to each. Each such fellowship, to maintain its incumbent and provide the cost of material used in study should bear from $350 to $500 annually. * * * A further matter which has from time to time within the past two or three years been quietly discussed by members of the Faculty is the advis­ability of undertaking a course of instruction to persons contemplating a life of public service as sanitary officers or inspectors. Such instruction has been offered by a number of medical schools abroad and a few in this country, with a view of improving the public health service of cities and towns as well as for that of providing suitable instruction to private individuals desirous of information along these lines. In some schools the 488 The University Record. [December, course leads to a definite degree of doctor of sanitary science or of sani­tary engineer; in others, to a certjficate of proficiency in the branches taught. 1t scarcely need be pointed out that in the matter of sanitary improvement the cities and towns of Texas offer a wide field for activity; and it is doubtful whether a greater service to the public of the State could be easily performed by the School than by the arrangement of such a feature of instruction. A. J. S. ATHLETICS. The football season has been one of ups and downs. At first all was gloom because only three of the old team were to return and a game with Sewanee was scheduled for the second week of the season. Determined to succeed in spite of obstacles, preliminary practice by the resident students was begun under Mr. Curtiss nearly a month before the opening of the term. The coach and several old men and substitutes arrived and began more serious work two weeks before the opening lectures. It was soon apparent that there was good material present in the squad, and that we were very fortunate in the new coach, Mr. J . B. Hart, A. B., Yale, 1902. Mr. Hart quickly won the confidence of the men by his thorough knowl­edge of the game and his courtesy in dealing with them. The men, both new and old, took up the practice with enthusiasm and energy. As a result, Oklahoma's heavy team was easily defeated on October 4th, and on October 10th Sewanee was beaten at Dallas eleven to nothing. As Sewanee had two victories over us to her credit, this victory gave especial joy to the student body. The work of the University team up to this time had been, for a new team, most remarkable, and all now confi­dently expected the greatest team in the history of the University. Alas, but still is it true that pride goeth before a fall. Several of the best players were injured in the Sewanee game sufficiently to prevent their nlaying during the next week, two withdrew from the team beca.use of conflict with laboratory and other class-work, and the whole team had such a "swelled head" that the coach was unable to get the men to practice earnestly for a week. No one took the game with Louisiana seriously, and as the Indian game was a month off, complacent self-sat­isfaction supplanted the hard work of the last two weeks. As a result, they were unable to score against Louisiana on the 18th in San Antonio, and allowed Louisiana to push them clear across the field, and to score just fifty-five seconds before the close of the last half. Three times did Texas brace up and push Louisiana from the center of the field to within her ten-yard line, and then from sheer exhaustion give out and lose the ball on downs. Having lost from lack of condition to a team much inferior, the men fell to work again with renewed vigor; but a week of lax playing can not be atoned for in a week, nor can four entirely new men be trained in this 1902.] The Unive;rsity Record. time, so that again on the 25th, in the game with A. and M., the team failed to score, but it succeeded in preventing A. and M. from scoring. A week later the team got in shape again and defeated Trinity, Novem­ber 1st, in Austin, 27 to 0, and on the 8th played the best game of ball ever seen here, against the H askell Indian Team. The Indians won, 12 to 0, but made one score by a fake and the other by a long run from center of the field. In the straight football play, our team confessedly outplayed them. The team opened its Eastern campaign at Nashville on the 15th of November, defeating its old rival, the University of Nashville, 11 to 5. On the 18th it defeated the University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa 10 to 0, and on the 22nd Tulane at New Orleans 6 to 0. The Thanksgiving game was lost to the A. and M. College 11 to 0, after a hard struggle. The University team was somewhat stale in this game, not having entirely recovered from its long trip. It, however, played a strong game and was simply outplayed by an exceptionally strong team. The A. and M. had this year probably the strongest team in the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association. Vanderbilt and Texas this year have between them defeated every strong team in the South. Sewanee defeated Vanderbilt, Texas defeated Sewanee, and the A. and M. defeated Texas; hence, A. and M. has a right to claim the championship of the S. I. A. A. If we can not win ourselves, it is some consolation to be in second place and to have in Texas the two foremost teams in the South. The number of cracked bones, sprained joints and bruises received by the football players this year has been unprecedented; indeed, more than ordinarily occur in five years' time. It seems difficult to explain this, as the style of play is not radically different from that hitherto used and the men have had the same care and preliminary training usually given. It is probably due to two facts: First, owing to the small number of old players returning, an unusually large number of inexperienced and more or less awkward players were striving with great energy for places on the team; second, our new field was uncommonly hard. The field was denuded of grass nearly all over in the process of leveling in August, and one end was cut down to the hard limestone bed. At the other end, the black dirt, after a few rains, packed •almost as hard as cement. An inch or so of loose material must be scattered over the field and a deep sod grown before anotber season, or we shall have a repetition of our troubles or possibly some fatal injury. During this season the scholarship regnlations governing the members of the team have been rigidly enforced, so that football, instead of inter­fering with the class-work, has caused some men to do better work than they usually do, for fear of being taken off the team. The regnlations of the Faculty require that every student on an athletic team must have completed satisfactorily at his last examinations four full courses, and must be successfully pursuing the work of the current term. This is more than is required of ordinary students, and as a result the present football team ranks in scholarship above the average of even successful University students. Of the men who have played this year, five are men of exceptional scholarship-in the very first rank, thirteen are above the average, ten reach the average and two are below. All have satisfied the Catalogue requirements. As a result of this policy, a large number of old players will in future be left here each year, and we will no longer lose the bulk of the team annually, or ever have eight out of the eleven to leave college within a month of the close of the season, as actually happened once when the reg­ulations were not rigidly enforced. ATHLETIC FIELD. The improvement in the Athletic Field made during the spring and summer is most gratifying. Through the interest of President Prather in this matter, the Board of Regents has been aroused to a fuller apprecia­tion of the need for a better provision for the athletic interests of the University. For several years the teams possessed only squatters' rights to the Athletic Field, and finally acquired a title through private purchase, raising twenty-three hundred dollars for this purpose by subscriptions from students, alumni, Faculty and friends. The field was deeded to the University last year on condition that the authorities pay the thou­sand dollars still due on the contract. This field is admirably located at the northeast corner of the Campus, but was not level, and except for a rough board fence and deC'ayed bleachers, was unimproved. The field has now been leveled and running tracks for both the quarter mile and hundred yard dash have been made. Vaulting and jumping pits have been ·added and the whole field made ready for the football, base­ball and track teams. We now have one of the best athletic fields owned by any university in the country. It still needs a coat of deep turf, a new fence, and a respectable grandstand, which will doubtless be provided at an early date. GYMNASIUl\L Hope has been deferred in the matter of a new gymnasium till the heart is well nigh sick. In spite of the cramped and unsanitary quarters now used as a gymnasium, Director Curtiss goes bravely ahead and is accom­plishing a great work. This year the Junior Law class has been added to the Freshmen, which, together with upper class men and team men, raises the number in the gymnasium to over three hundred. In those cramped basement rooms this number of students simply can not work comfortably. That the work is popular under such unfavorable conditions is testimony to the inherent excellence of the work of Director Curtiss. As a teacher and student of gymnastics the writer has seen the best work done in this line in America, but none me>re excellent than is daily given to our students. If the Legislature or some large-hearted philanthropist could examine thoroughly the work done here, the University would soon be given an adequate building. Though plans have been drawn and a lot selected for this building, the prospect of obtaining it is not bright. No philanthropist seems interested, the idea seems not to please the Legis­lature, and even the site selected for the building is being built up with small dwellings. This last is a matter for serious and i=ediate concern. The gymna­sium should be near the athletic field 'and so located that out-of-door gym­nastics would be practicable a part of the year. The Campus is not large enough for the library, dormitories, laboratories, etc., which must soon cover it, and there is no place suitable for a gymnasium on the Campus. The athletic field is just half a block from the Campus on the east side. This half block contains open lots which are admirably suited for a gymnasium, joining the Campus on one side and the athletic field on the other. These lots must inevitably be bought some time by the University. .A few years ago they could have been bought for about fifteen hundred dollars. With the general rise in property value ·around the Univer.sity, they are constantly increasing in value; and, still more serious, on one of them a small dwelling has recently been erected. It is too bad that we must sit idly by and see these lots continually rise in value and fill up with houses, for all of which the University or some of her friends must some day pay. Is there not some plan by which these lots can be secured before they have doubled in value and are covered with houses? TEXAS INTF.RCOLLEGIATE ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION. In response to a call issued by Professor Ellis, Chairman of the Athletic Committee of the University, with the approval of the managers of the A. and M. College and Baylor University, a convention was held in DaIJ.as on October 10th for the purpose of organizing a State Intercollegiate .Ath­letic .Association. The .A. and M. College, Baylor University, Southwest­ern University, Texas Christian University, Trinity University, Fort Worth University, and the State University were all represented, and ha.ve become members of this .Association . .An association with this name has been in existence for two years, but was organized solely for the purpose of promoting and regulating track athletics. This associaticm has done excellent work in its line, but dis­ banded by mutual consent of its members in order to become an integral part of the new .Association. The purpose of this new .Association is "to promote and regula.te all forms of irrtercollegiate athletics in Texas, including football, baseball, tennis and track athletics." It is expected to do this in two ways. The first is by the establish­ment of uniform rules of eligibility of players on teams in different institutions, thus purifying college athletics of semi-professionals and col­lege loafers. .A fairly rigid set of regulations was agreed upon and will do much to elevate collegiate athletics in the State_ The rules of eligibil­ity are nearly the same as those in the S. I. .A. A. The second is by the promotion of harmonious co-operation, among the different colleges, espe­cially in the matter of bringing foreign teams to Texas, and by establish­ing State athletic meets. Mr. F. Homer Curtiss, our Gymnasium Director, was elected President. The University Record. [December, Mr. Curtiss has had successful experience in this field of work as presi­dent of the former association, holds high ideals in matters athletic, and with his unbounded energy will make a most efficient officer. Prof. C. G. Carroll, of Southwestern University, was elected Secretary-Treasurer. The evident desire for clean athletics on the part of all the delegates to this convention, and the ready acceptance by the different institutions of the regulations agreed upon, evince a wholesome spread of better ath­letic ideals in the State during the last few years. A. C. E. MATTERS OF PUBLIC INTEREST FROM THE MINUTES OF THE FACULTY. MEETING OF SEPTEMBER 23. It was ordered that the action of the Faculty imposing a penalty of $3.00 on each student matriculating after the opening of the session (Sep­tember 27th), and forbidding the matriculation of any student after October 15th of each session, be rescinded and repealed. This was in accordance with a resolution of the Board of Regents. The Ball High School, Galveston, was affiliated in French and Spanish; the John C. French High School, Cuero, in English, History, Mathematics, Latin and German; the Allen Academy, Bryan, in English, History, Math­ematics, Latin, Greek and German. Elementary teachers' certificates were granted to Miss Susie Hammond, Mr. Harry P. Steger, and Mr. J. W. Williamson. MEEETING OF OCTOBER 7. The President read invitations from Princeton University to send a delegate to attend the inauguration of President Wilson; from Lehigh University to attend the celebration of Founder's Day; from Northwestern University to attend the installation of President James; from the Uni­versity of Kansas to attend the installation of Chancellor Strong. It was ordered that Prof. W. B. Phillips be appointed as a delegate from the University of Texas to Princeton University on the above named occasion and that the Secretary of this Faculty acknowledge the receipt of said invitations. Under suspension of the rules, a standing committee of seven members was appointed on Student Organizations, on which committee shall devolve the duties of the standing committee on Student Activities and the special committee on Fraternities and Sororities. The President announced the full list of standing committees. It will be found in the Directory. MEETING OF NOVEMBER 4. Resolutions introduced June 3, 1902, were adopted as follows: 1. No written recitation, review, or examination shall be given in any course during the two weeks preceding the :final examination week of each term. 2. No examination shall be changed from the period assigned to it in the posted schedule of examinations except by vote of the Schedule Com­mittee cm the request of the instructor concerned. It was resolved that in view of the important University interests to be served thereby, the Faculty recommend that a University Directory be published in the RECORD, and that an appropriation of one hundred dol­lars be made from the contingent fund to cover the expense of publica­tion. Report was made of correspon!l.ence with the Association of Southern Colleges and Preparatory Schools concurring in the raising of entrance requirements and announcement made of the appointment of Professor Sutton to represent the University at the Association's next meeting. An inviattion from the regents and faculties of the University of Colo­rado to this Faculty to attend the Quarto-Centennial Celebration of the opening of said university on November 13, 14, 15, was read, and Prof. William M. Wheeler was appointed a delegate to represent tbe University of Texas at said ceremony. [Professor Wheeler was unable to attend.] To the list of standing committees, the President added one on the Sick, inadvertently omitted. FROM THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS. MEETING OF JUNE 13, 1902. Messrs. Henry D. Gray and Arthur L. Eno were appointed Instructors in English. Dr. Thomas Walker Page was elected Professor of Political Science, to succeed Professor D. F. Houston, resigned. George A. Endress was elected Instructor in Drawing. Professor Yancy Lewis was elected Dean of the Law Faculty, vice Professor Jno. C. Townes, who declined a re-election. The Annual Budget, carrying $154,703.34, was referred to the Finance Co=ittee. MEETING OF SEPTEMBER 15, 1902. The bid for the heating apparatus for the new Women's Building was awarded to A. H. Schafer, of San Antonio. An appropriation was author­ized for the equipment of a postoffice in the Main University Building. The following resolution was adopted: "Resolved, That it is the sense of the Board of Regents: (1) That all candidates for admission to the Main University, when properly quali­fied, shoul'd be allowed to matriculate at any time during the session on standing whatever examination may be required to show that they are qualified to take up the work of the classes they desire to enter at the stage they have reached. ( 2) That no additional fee should be charged candidates who apply for admission after any particular date." Dr. William B. Phillips, Professor of Economics and Field Geology, The University Record. [December, in addition to his present duty, wa.s designated as "Acting Professor of Mining and Metallurgy." The resignation of H. R. Dudgeon, of the Medical Department, was accepted. Miss Mattie A. Austin was elected Fellow in History. The resignation of the Fellowship in Political Science by Charles S. Potts was accepted. THE TEXAS ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. At the regular meeting, held in the ~hemical Lecture Room of the University, October 24, 1902, Mr. R. A. Thompson, M. A., C. E., the newly elected President, addressed the Academy on the "Regulations of the Issuance of Texas Railroad Securities by the State." The following is a eondensed summary of the paper, which received the closest atten­tion, as its author is well known as an expert in the particular field of which it treats: A review was had of the general causes leading to the enactment of railroad legislation, which had its beginning in the "Granger" movement of the Northern and Western States during the early '70's. Discrimina­tions of all kinds were practiced against individuals, communities and cities and extortionate rates were exacted at non-competitive points. The right of control by the States over railroads within their borders was upheld for the States by the Supreme Court, but the decisions were in effect that the railroad companies must be permitted to charge rates sufficient in addition to earning all expenses, to pay rea.sonable interest on bonded indebtedness and some dividends on stock. The result was that the State tribunals were powerless to reduce freight rates while the railroad companies had the authority to increase their indebtedness by "watering" or other reprehensible methods. The State of Texas established the precedent of regulating the issu­ance of securities, supplementing the General Commission Act of 1890, by passing the Stock and Bond Law in 1893. The basis for issuance established by the law, was the approximate physical value of the prop­erty or practically its cost of reproduction, to be determined by the Com­m1ss1on. All railroad securities must be registered in the office of the Secretary of State under the direction of the Commission before they con­stituted valid obligations against the property. The effect has been to steadily reduce the average amount of securities outstanding against the railroads of Texas per mile. The capital stock has been reduced from an average of $15,076 per mile in 1894 to $12,388 in 1902. The bonded indebtedness has been reduced from an average of $25,726 per mile in 1894 to $21,779 in 1902. Or the total indebtedness has been reduced in eight years from an average of $40,802 per mile to $34,167 per mile. This, too, in the face of increased physical value of the properties and increased net earnings. As a result, the Commission has been able to effect reductions in freight :Tates all along the line. The railroads have been able to improve the physical condition of their properties and better equip them, to the mutual advantage of themselves and the public. The policy of the Commission is to promote such improvements. The reduction per mile on the average in outstanding securities will continue until they ultimately approach the Commission's valuations. The railroads will be entitled to earn reasonable dividends and interest on these amounts, and on this basis the Commission will adjust its freight tariffs. It was further stated that while in 1891 3357 miles of the railroads of Texas, more than 39 per cent., were in the hands of receivers, today less than 70 miles are so situated. Receivers are a thing of the past, and the prosperity of the railroads on a just basis is assured. Gambling and speculating in Texas railroad securities in Wall Street has been discour­ aged and the securities are put upon a high plane of investment. Inno­ cent purchasers of such securities receive the protection of the law to the extent that the indebtedness of the properties cannot be increased without compensation to them in the way of improvements. F. W. S. THE TEXAS STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. The July issue (Vol. VI, No. 1) of the "Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association" contains two leading articles-Louis Juchereau de Saint Denis and the Re-establishment of the Tejas Missions, by Robert Carlton Clark, and Educational Efforts in San Fernando de Bexar, by I. J. Cox. The first of these articles is a continuation of one that appeared in the "Quarterly" for January, 1902, on The Beginnings of Texas. Mr. Clark explains that, while the motives of the Saint Denis expedition were purely commercial, the result was the determination of the ownership of Texas. After this time France relinquishes to Spain all claim to Texas. The colonists in Louisiana secured, in return, facilities for a contraband trade with Mexico of which the government in Paris may be presumed to have known little or nothing. Mr. Cox, in his article, proves, chiefly by material drawn from the Bexar Archives, that, contrary to accepted ideas, the Mexicans had made efforts, previous to the revolution, to establish a system of schools. As early as 1789 Spain had begun these efforts, and Mexico continued them by attempt­ ing to establish schools upon the Lancasterian plan. But all these efforts were so weak and ineffectual that the charges made by the Texans in the Declaration of Independence were justifiable. Interesting among the Notes and Fragments is the matter relative to the way in which Spanish Mexican curates were required to make maps. A sketch concerning the escape of Rose from the Alamo also appears, and two documents dated August 14, 1843, and October 31, 1836, are copied from the originals, which are in the possession of Mrs. Ad1)le B. Looscan, of Houston, Texas. Under the title Affairs of the Association is an account of the meeting 6-R The University Record. [December, held at Lampasas on San Jacinto Day, also the report of the treasurer and librarian. * * * Five leading articles constitute the body of the "Quarterly" for October­The Southwest Boundary of Texas, by I. J. Cox; Some Materials for South­western History in the Archivo General d6 Mexico, by Herbert Eugene Bol­ton; Reminiscences of 0 . 0. Coro; An Account of the Battle of San Jacinto, by James Washington Winters; The African Slave Trade in Texas. by Eugene C. Barker. Mr. Cox seeks to show from documentary material that previous to the Revolution Coahuila extended to the Medina and Tamaulipas to the Nueces, thus fixing the southwestern boundary of Texas as recognized under Mexi­can dominion. Dr. Bolton's article shows the results of an examination of thirty-one volumes of manuscripts (Nos. 33 and 62, inclusive) in the Archivo General, with a view of discovering what material they contain for southwestern history. He notes first some general differences between the first thirty­two volumes, which form the nucleus of the SecciOn de Historia, and those which have since been added. One important difference is the fact that a goodly portion of the sources described in the article is original and more of it is unprinted. The material is roughly divided into that bearing (1) on Texas and Louisiana, (2) on Nuevo Mexico, and (3) on explora­tions and missionary work in the far Southwest. Volumes 27, 28, 51 deal exclusively with Texas and 100 nearly so; 43 is devoted entirely to Texas and Louisiana and much valuable Texas history is found scattered through other volumes. Of this material relating to Texas, however, a much smaller portion is original than that relating to other subjects. The titles of important materials are printed in full in the foot notes. In his reminiscences Mr. Cox gives an account of his experiences in Texas from about the end of the Revolution, including a period of service in the Texas navy and a trip to California, down to his return to Texas about 1856. The fourth article, which is written by a man who took part in the battle of San Jacinto, throws a degree of light on certain vexed questions relative to the campaign. The African slave trade in Texas is divided into four periods-(l) under Spanish rule, ( 2) under Mexican Texas, ( 3) under the Texas Repub­lic, (4) after the annexation of Texas (to a very small extent). The slaves were usually gotten from Cuba, which traded directly with Africa. James Bowie and Monroe Edwards were the most extensive traders, though Fa11.nin and many others imported slaves into Texas. The trade was most active during 1820 and 1821. The principal feature of the Notes and Fragments is some interesting information relative to the Texas Republican, the first newspaper in Texas. The questions asked in the July "Quarterly" by Hon. George C. Pendle­ton relating to Ellis Bean are answered, under the title Queries and Answers, by Judge John H. Reagan. H . E. B. 1902.] The University RecO'l'd. DIRECTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY. BOARD OF REGENTS. G. w. BRACKENRIDGE ............................ ......... San Antonio. BEAUREGARD BBYA.N ..... · ........................... .........El Paso. R. E. COWART.... . .. .. ... .. .. .... . . . ........ . . ... . . . ... .. . ....Dallas. H. M. GARWOOD....... .. . . . . . .. .... .... . ..... . . ... .. . ... ......Houston. T. W. GREGORY................. ........................ .......Austin. T. S. HENDERSON, Chairman...................... ............Cameron. H . .B. MARSH............... ....................................Tyler. F. M. SPENCER............. .......... · ......................Galveston. J A.MES B. CLARK, Secretary .............. ........... ...........Austin. STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD. AUDITING: Bryan, Gregory. BUILDINGS A.ND GROUNDS: Bryan, Brackenridge, Spencer. COMPLAINTS, GRIEVA.NCES, A.ND INSTRUCTORS: Garwood, Marsh, Bryan. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: Henderson, Spencer, Gregory. FINANCE: Gregory, Spencer, Marsh. LA.ND: Brackenridge, Gregory, Henderson. LEGISLATION: Spencer, Cowart, Henderson. MEDICAL DEPARTMENT: Spencer, Bryan, Brackenridge. visITORIA.L COMMITTEE: Cowart, Marsh, Brackenridge. FACULTY AND OTHER OFFICERS OF THE MAIN UNIVERSITY. ANDREWS, JESSIE, B. Lit., Instructor in German, 702 Colorado St. AUSTIN, MATTIE A., B. Lit., Fellow in History, 700 E. 19th St. BAILEY, J. R., Ph. D., Adjunct Professor of Chemistry, Chemical Labora­ tory. BAILEY, LULU, M. S., Instructor in Physics, Grace Hall. BANTEL, EDWARD C.H., C. E., Instructor in Civil Engineering, 2600 Whitis Ave. BARKER, E. C., M. A., Instructor in History, 2001 San Antonio St. BATTLE, W. J ., Ph. D., Professor of Greek, 2500 Whitis Ave. BEDICHEK, RoY, Tutor in Psychology, Phi Delta Theta House. The University Record. [December, BENEDICT, H. Y., Ph. D., Adjunct Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy, 2525 University Ave. BOLTON, HERBERT E., Ph. D., Instructor in History, 1408 Colorado St. BRIGGS, G. W., JR., Assistant Gymnasium Director, 203 W. 10th St. BRAY, WM. L., Ph. D., Adjunct Professor of Botany, 2107 San Antonio St. BUTTE, GEORGE C., M. A., Assistant to Registrar, 1930 San Antonio St. CALLAWAY, MORGAN, Ph. D., Professor of English, 1104 Guadalupe St. CAMPBELL, KILLIS, Ph. D., Instructor in English, 312 W. 10th St. CASIS, LILIA M., M. A., Adjunct Professor of Spanish, 309 E. 11th St. CLARK, JAMES B., B. A., Secretary of the Board of Regents, Secretary of the Faculty and Proctor, 2601 University Ave. CocKE, W. A., President's Stenographer, 4th St. and Ave. C., Hyde Park. Cox, J. F., Student Assistant in Oratory, University Hall. CURTISS, F. HOMER, B. S., Director of Men's Gymnasium, Hyde Park. DABNEY, EDWIN, Night Law Librarian, University Hall. DECHERD, MARY E., M. A., Tutor in Mathematics, 2313 Nueces St. DEUSSEN, A., Student Assistant in Zoology, University Hall. DIBRELL, J. B., JR., Fellow in Oratory, Phi Gamma Delta House. ELLIS, A. CASWELL, Ph. D., Adjunct Professor of the Science and Art of Education, 710 W. 22nd St. EMBRY, GEO. C., Student Assistant in English, 202 W. 17th St. ENDREss, GEORGE A., B. S., Instructor in Drawing, 1340 W. 6th 'St. ENo, ARTHUR L., M. A., Instructor in English, 1104 Guadalup~ St. ESTILL, JULIA, Student Assistant in Botany, 809 Rio Grande St. FAY, E. W., Ph. D., Professor of Latin, 2104 Nueces St. FERGUSON, A. M., M. S., Instructor in Botany, 112 W. 18th St. FRESHNEY, ALFRED, Tutor and Storekeeper in Chemistry, 404 W. 8th St. GARRISON, GEORGE P., Ph. D., Professor of History, 2600 Whitis Ave. GLASCOCK, B. L., Student Assistant in Chemistry, 2108 Pearl St. GOULD, ROBT. S., LL. D., Professor of Law, 2607 University Ave. GRAY, HENRY D., M. A., Instructor in English, 1104 Guadalupe St. GRIFFITH, R. H ., M. A., Instructor in English, 312 W. 10th St. HALSTED, GEORGE B., Ph. D., Professor of Pure Mathematics (to December 10, 1902), 2407 Guadalupe St. HARGROVE, H. M., Stenographer to the Mineral Survey, Phi Delta Theta House. HARTMAN, CARL, B. A., Fellow in Zoology, 105 E. 14th St. HARPER, H. W., Ph. G., M. D., F. C. S., Associate Professor of Chemistry, 2108 San Antonio St. HEFNER, ROBT. A., LL. B., Quizmaster in Law, 2200 Guadalupe St. HILL, BENJ. F., M. S., Assistant Geologist to the Mineral Survey, 2106 Pearl St. HUBBARD, ALICE P., M. A., Tutor in Spanish, 2004 San Antonio St. HOWSER, J. P., Assistant Gymnasium Director, 3105 Asylum Ave. HUBERICH, CHAS. H., D. C. L., Instructor in Political Science and Law, Corner Wichita and 21st Sts. JOHNSON, LEWIS, Student Assistant in History, University Hall. KIRBY, MRS. HELEN M., M. A., Lady Assistant, 307 West 15th St. KUEHNE, J . M., M. S., Instructor in Physics, 716 W. 23rd St. LACY, A. B., B. A., Law Stenographer, University Hall. LAVENDER, ROBERTA F., M. A., Instructor in Latin, 307 W. 15th St. LAWHON, I. W., LL. B., Quizmaster in Law, 2200 Guadalupe St. LEWIS, FLORENCE P ., M. A., Tutor in Mathematics, Corner 10th and Guad­ alupe Sts. LEWIS, YANCEY, LL. B., Professor of Law and Dean of the Law Depart­ ment, Hancock Hotel. LoMAX, JOHN A., B. A., Registrar, University Hall. LONGINO, WILLIAM, Student Assistant in Latin and Greek, University Hall. McCLENDON, JESSE F., Fellow in Zoology, 3200 Guadalupe St. MATHER, WM. T., Ph. D., Associate Professor of Physics, 2502 Nueces St. MEzEs, S. E., Ph. D., Professor of Philosophy and Dean of the Academic Faculty, 807 Lavaca St. MONTELIN, AGNES E., B. A., Assistant Librarian, 107 W. 9th St. NORVELL, PEARL E., Physical Director of Women, 2614 Rio Grande St. PAGE, THOMAS W., Ph. D., Professor of Political Science, 1703 West Ave. PALM, T. J., Student Assistant in Civil Engineering, University Hall. PENICK, D. A., Ph.D., Instructor in Latin and Greek, 2404 University Ave. PHILLIPS, WM. B., Ph. D., Professor of Economic and Field Geology, and Director of the Mineral Survey, i 932 San Antonio St. PRATHER, WM. L., LL. D., President, 21st and August Sts. PRIMER, S., Ph. D., Associate Professor of Teutonic Languages, 2709 Rio Grande St. REED, A.G., M.A., Instructor in English, 203 W. 15th St. RATHER, ETHEL Z., B. A., Fellow in History, 307 W. 15th St. RICE, C. D., M. S., Instructor in Mathematics, 2104 Nueces St. ROBERTSON, L. C., Student Assistant in Chemistry, 2108 Pearl St. RUCKER, AUGUSTA, M. A., Instructor in Zoology, 210 W. 27th St. SANER, R. E. L., LL. B., Land Agent, Dallas. SCHOCH, EUGENE PAUL, Ph. D., Instructor in Chemistry, 714 W. 23rd St. SEARCY, SETH S., Student Assistant in Political Science, 2008 Lampasas St. SHIPE, MAUD M., M. A., Tutor in the Science and Art of Education, 2112 Nueces St. SHURTER, E. D., Ph. B., Adjunct Professor of Oratory, 2104 Nueces St. SIMONDS, FREDERIC W., Ph. D., Professor of Geology, 208 E. 24th St. SIMKINS, W. S., l?rofessor of Law, Corner 21st and San Antonio Sts. SUTTON, W. S., M. A., Professor of the Science and Art of Education, 112 W. 18th St. SWENSON, J . R., Fellow in the Science and Art of Education, University Hall. TAYLOR, T. U., M. C. E., Professor of Applied Mathematics, 2022 Nueces St. TOWNES, JNo. C., LL. D., Professor of Law, 2700 Rio Grande St. VILLAVASO, E. J., M. A., Instructor in French, 2500 Nueces St. WALTHALL, J. D., Day Law Librarian, 2304 San Antonio St. *WANDELL, CAROLINE, Cataloguer in Library, 1108 Guadalupe St. *Resigned. 500 The University Record. [December, WELBORN, M. C., Student Assistant in Engineering, 712 W. 23rd St. WHITTEN, HATTIE V., Instructor in Geology, 2107 San Antonio St. WILD, EDMUND, Student Assistant in Scientific German, 2206 Guadalupe St. WINKLER, C. H., Student Assistant in Botany, 2206 Guadalupe St. WINN, CHAS. B., Bookkeeper, 112 E. 13th St. WORRELL, S. H., B. S., Chemist to the Mineral Survey, Chemical Labora­ tory. WHEELER, WILLIAM MORTON, Ph. D., Professor of Zoology, 2628 Nueces St. WYCHE, BENJAMIN, B. Lit., Librarian, 2403 Rio Grande St. STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE FACULTY. ADVISORY: The President, Mezes, Bray, Sutton, Simonds. AFFILIATED SCHOOLS: The President, Sutton, Garrison, Callaway, Bene· diet, Battle, Wheeler, Primer. ATHLETICS : Ellis, Townes, Benedict. BOARDING HousES: Simonds, Sutton, Clark, Mrs. Kirby, Miss Casis. BOOK STORE: Battle, Benedict, Simonds. BULLETINS: Simonds, Halsted, Harper, Bailey. CATALOGUE: Callaway, Taylor, Benedict, Campbell, Rice. CHAPEL SERVICES: Townes, Callaway, Phillips, Simkins, Penick. COMMENCEMENT: The President, Page, Lewis, Shurter. COURSES: Primer, Harper, Mather. DIPLOMAS: Taylor, Bailey, Miss Casis. DISCIPLINE: The President, Mezes, Lewis, Gould, Garrison. ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS: The Dean, Garrison, Callaway, Fay, Benedict, Primer. FORENSICS AND ORATORY: Shurter, Lewis, Page, Simonds, Townes. GRADUATE COURSES: Harper, Garrison, Mather, Fay, Halsted. LIBRARY: Fay, Garrison, Mezes, Wheeler, Primer, Lewis. LIBRARY COUNCIL: The President, Library Committee, Librarian. MUSICAL ORGANIZATIONS: Bray, Mather, Schoch, Penick. PUBLIC ENTERTAINMENTS : Fay, Mather, Bray. PUBLIC LECTURES: Wheeler, Shurter, Lewis, Phillips. RECORD EDITORIAL BOARD: The President, Battle, Page, Townes, Simonds, Ellis, Miss Casis, Smith, Carter, Phillips, Lomax. SCHEDULE: Battle, Simonds, Bailey. SICK: Harper, Clark, Mrs. Kirby. STUDENTS' ASSOCIATIONS: 1he President, Battle, Benedict, Taylor, Lewis, Miss Casis, Mrs. Kirby. STUDENTS FROM OTHER UNIVERSITIES: The President, Mezes, Lewis, Bat­ tle, Wheeler. TEACHERS: Mezes, Sutton, Garrison. UNIVERSITY HALL: The President, Page, Bray, Clark. STUDENTS OF THE l\liIN UNIVERSITY. [After each name is given first the year of study in the University, and the department in which the student is now working. In the line following is given the mode of admission to the University, with the degrees received in the University or elsewhere, and, in the case of Academic students, the courses pursued. The abbreviations used are these: A., Academic (including also Engineering) ; B., Botany; C., Chemistry; D., Drawing; Ed., Education; E., English; Ee., Engineering; F., French; G., German; Ge., Geology; Gr., Greek; H., History, Jr. L., Junior Law; L., Latin; M., Mathematics; 0., Oratory; P., Physics; Ph., Philosophy; P. C., Physical Culture; P. S., Political Science; Sp., Spanish; Sr. L., Senior Law; Z., Zoology.] NAME. HOME ADDRESS. AUSTIN ADDRESS. Abernathy, Roger. 2 A. McKinney. 1714 Lavaca St. Examination. E.1.X; Ge.1; H.3; M.1.I. Adams, Jesse Lee. 1 A. Wyatt. 2108 Pearl St. Burnetta College. E.1.XI; L.la.b.II; M.1.III; Sp.AB.II. Adams, S. M. 1 Jr. L. Garrison. 2210 Guadalupe St. Sam Houston Normal Institute. Aden, Eunice. 4 A. Austin. 500 San Antonio St. Special. B.1; Ed.3.4; G.1.II; Sp.AB.II. Ainsworth, James Franklin. 6 A. Kosse. 800 West 22nd St. National Normal University. B. A., 1902. H.4,6; P.S.6,9,10,11,12,14. Akazawa, Motazo. 2 A. Okayamaken,Japan. 104 West 24th St. University of the Pacific. Ge.1; G.1.I; Gr.AB; H.4,6. Aldrich, Albertine. 4 A. Crockett. 2107 San Antonio St. First Grade Certificate. E .6,7; G.3; Gr.2; H.3,5; L.2a,b. Allison, Claude Wallace. 1 A. Austin. P. 0. Box No. 558. University of Missouri. M.14 ; P.2,4,6. Amerman, Charles Henry. 2 A. Houston. 104 West 24th St. Houston High School. C.2,3; E.2.III; G.4; H .2.II; M.4; 0 .1.I. A=erman, Wesley. 1 A. Cisco. 113 East 8th St. Texas Christian University. E .1.III; H .2.II; L.2a,b,5; Sp.AB.III. Amsler, Arthur Cleveland. 2 A. McG'l·egor. 2304 San Antonio St. McGregor High School. D.2; Ee.2; Ge.1; M.4,8; Sp.AB.I. Anderson, Edna Juanita. 3 A. Houston. 307 West 15th St. Houston High School. E .6,7; G.AB.II; H .2; L .3,4. Anderson, Ernest. 1 A. Tehuacana. 800 West 22nd St. Trinity University. B.2,3; C.2; G.2,4; P.S.1; Z.2,3,4. Anderson, Lowrey Wallace. 1 A. Temple. 102 West 24th St. Temple High School. D.I; Ee.1; E.1.II; G.AB.I; M.1.VI; P.1. Archer, Palmer Marion. 1 A. Houston. 2602 Rio Grande St. Examination. B.8; C.1; E .1.II; F .AB; Z.1,7. Archer, Virginia. 3 A. Houston. 2300 Guadalupe St. North Texas Female College. E.8,16; Ge.1; H.5; P.1; Sp.AB.II. .Arledge, Albert Ross. 2 A. Hillsboro. First Grade Certificate. D.2; Ee.2; E.1.IX; .M.4,8; Sp.AB.I. NAME. HOME ADDRESS. Armstrong, John Barclay, Jr. 2 A. Austin. Whitis Avenue School. D.2; Ee.2; M.4,8; P.1. Armstrong, Lee Gaines. 1 A. Italy. Special. C.1; E.1.III; H.l; M.1.1. Arill8trong, Margaret. 2 A. Comanche. First Grade Certificate. Ed.3,4; E.1.IV; F.1; H.2.II; M.1.1. Armstrong, Willie Sue. 1 A. Comanche. Examination. Ed.1,2; E.1.IX; H.A.II; M.1.11. Arnold, Fred Taylor. 1 A. Graham. Whitis Avenue School. E.1.V; H.J.; M.1.1; Sp.AB.II. Ashby, Stanley Royal. 3 A. Alvin. Lincoln (Neb.) High School. E.4,7,8; G.2; Gr.2; Ph.1. Austin, Mattie Alice. 5 A. Austin. Austin High School. B. Lit., 1902. H.7; Sp.5. Averitte, Joseph James. 4 A. West. First Grade Certificate. Ge.7; H.1,3; M.7; 0.3,5; P.S.1. Backstrom, William A. 1 A. Temple High School. E.1.11; Baer, Arthur. 1 A. West Texas Military Academy. Baer, Leon Asher. 3 A. West Texas Military Academy. Bailey, Edward Hugh. 1 Jr. L. Kentucky Wesleyan College. Bailey, Lulu Mary. 6 A. M. S., 1901. M.14,a,f. Baines, Rebekah. 1 A. Temple. L.la.11,lb.IV; M.1.111; P.1. San Antonio. D.1; Ee.1; E.1.VI; M.1.VI; Sp.AB.II. San Antonio. 2009 University Ave. LL. B., 1902. E.1.X; G.1.11; H .5 ; 0.3; P.S.6,9,10,11. Houston. Bonham. Blanco. Baylor University. E.2.1; H .5; 0.1.11.2,6. Baker, Benjamin William. 2 Sr. L. Carthage. Austin Academy. Baker, Beulah. 1 A. Lampasas. First Grade Certificate. B.1; Ed.1,2; E.1.IX; M.1.11. Baker, E. Monroe. 1 Sr. L. B. A., Delaware College. Barbee, Onie. 1 A. Examination. C.1; E.1.111; G.AB.I; Bardin, Hugh. 2 Jr. L. Fort Worth University. 0 .1. Barkley, Keitt Carson. 1 Jr. L. Examination. 0.1. Barrett, Alva Pearl. 1 Jr. L. Special. 0.1. Bartholomew, Flora McElwee. 2 A. Dallas. Austin. M.1.Vll. Arlington. Rudd. Bonham. Palestine. Ball High School. Ed.1,2; E.2.111; F.1; Gr.2; L.2a,2b; Z.1. Bartholomew, William T. 2 Sr. L. Franklin. First Grade Certificate. Barton, Augustus M. 2 Sr. L. Kilgore. B. S. Austin College. 0 .3. Basham, James David. 2 Sr. L. Whitney. Sam Houston Normal. 0 .3. Baskett, George T. 1 A. Van Alstyne. Austin College. C.2; E.2.111; F.4; Ph.le; Sp.1.11. AUSTIN ADDRESS. 2610 Whitis Ave. 800 West 22nd St. 208 West 14th St. 208 West 14th St. 2416 Guadalupe st. 2300 Rio Grande St. 700 East 19th St. University Hall. 106 West 17th St. 2009 University Ave. 1704 Congress Ave. Grace Hall. 110 West 19th St. 2108 Pearl St. 2003 Guadalupe St. University Hall. 1700 Congress Ave. University Hall. 2210 Guadalupe St. University Hall. 2300 SanAntonio St. University Hall. 2007 Whitis Ave. University Hall. 1930 SanAntonio St. NAME. ROME ADDRESS. AUSTIN ADDRESS. Baskett, Lindsay W. 1 A. Van Alstyne. l!IJO SanAntonio St. Austin College. E.1.IX; L.la.III,b.IV; M.1.III; Sp.AB.I. Battle, Rosalie. 1 A. Marlin. Grace Hall. Marlin High School. E.1.IX; Ge.1; H.A.IV; M.1.II. Beadle, Maggie May. 1 A. Clarksville. 706 West 22nd St. Clarksville High School. B.1; Ed.1,2; E.1.VII; G.AB.II; M.1.II. Beasley, John Richard. 5 Jr. L. Beeville. 1911 University Ave. Beeville High School. B. S., 1902. Beasley, Robert Jones. 3 A. Beeville. 2006 University Ave. Beeville High School. Ap.M.1; E.2.I; H.3,5,1; P.S.1. Beckham, Clifford G. 2 Sr. L. Fort Worth. 2000 San Antonio St. Fort Worth University. 0.4. Bedichek, Roy. 5 A. Eddy. University Hall. Special. Ph.5,6. Bedichek, Una. 3 A. Eddy. 307 West 15th St. First Grade Certificate. B.5; Ed.5; E.2.III; F.4; G.1.I. Bell, Spurgeon. 4 A. Blanco. 1406 Brazos St. Blanco High School. C.2; G.7; M.9; P.4. Benefield, J. H. .1 Jr. L. Jefferson. 2406 Rio Grande St. Special. Berger, William. 5 A. Austin. 2612 Salado St. Sam Houston Normal. C.1; P.4,5,6. Bewley, Edwin Elmore. 5 A. Fort Worth. 2000 SanAntonio St. Fort Worth High .School. D. Lit., 1902. E .7; P.S.2. Bibb, Lewis Bradley. 2 A. Brandon. 1610 Lavaca St. Examination. C.2,3; E.2.I; F.1; G.AB.I; Z.1. Bickler, Harry Pitt. 1 Jr. L. Austin. 1904 SanAntonio St. Examination. Bishop, Henry Comer. 2 Sr. L. Hubbard Oity. 2004 Wichita St. Special. Blackburn, Edward Stuart. 1 A. Austin. 2508 Nueces St. Austin Ji!lgh School. D.2; E.1.IX; M.4; P.1. Blackburn, Nathaniel Townsend. 4 A. Austin. 810 West 17th St. Austin High School. C.1; D.4; Ee.4. Blackburn, Willie A. 4 A. Austin. 2508 Nueces St. Austin High School. Ed.2; G.2. Blackburn, William Decatur. 4 A. Austin. 810 West 17th St. Special. C.2,11,12,13; Ge.4,5. Blair, Myra Elton. 1 A. Lampasas. 1711 SanAntonio St. Special. Ed.1,2; E.1.XI; H.A.III; M.1.VII. Blanding, Robert Palmer. 2 A. Corsicana. 2000 SanAntonio St. Corsicana High School. E.2.I; Ge.1; H.A.II ; 0.1.III. Blankenship, Albert Silvanus. 4 A. Coryell City. 3308 King St. First Grade Certificate. Ed.1,2,3,4; E.3; G.AB.II; H.5. Bloor, Alfred Wainwright. 1 Jr. L. Manor. 1100 Lavaca St. Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas. P.S.15. Blucher, C. F. K. 2 A. Corpus Christi. 2000 Nueces St. Corpus Christi High School. D.2; Ee.2; E.1.VI; Ge.1; M.4,8. Blucher, Conrad Meuly. 1 A. Corpus Christi. 2000 Nueces St. Corpus Christi High School. D.1; Ee.1; E.1.VI; G.AB.II; M.1.VI. Boaz, Ernest 0. 1 A. Fort Worth. 900 19th St. Southwestern University. Ap.M.1; C.1; F.AB; P.1; P.S.6. NAME. HOME ADDRESS. AUSTIN ADDRESS. Bolton, Edwinna Rose. 1 A. Austin. 1408 Colorado St. Tomah (Wis.) High School. E .1.II; H .2.II; L.la.III; M.1.II; Sp.AB.II. Bonner, Shearon. 4 A. Oak Cliff. Oak Cliff High School. E.6,16; F .1; Gr.6; H.4; P.S.6; Sp.1.1. Bonner, Thomas Davenport. 2 A. Tyler. Tyler High School. Ap.M.2; D.1; M.4; P.1; Sp.AB.II. Bonner, William F. 1 A. San Antonio. San Antonio Academy. E .1.1; Gr.1; L.la;b.II ; M.1.1. Boothe, Clyde L. 1 A. Gonzales. 2102 Nueces St. 402 West 24th St. 303 East 15th St. Colorado and 17th. West Texas Military Academy. D.1; Ee.1; M.1.VI; Sp.AB.II. Borden, Guy Jr. 1 A. San Antonio. Examination. Ee.1; E.1.II; L.la,b.II; M.1.VI; Sp.AB.II. Borden, Henry Lee. 7 Sr. L. Sharpsburg. Corpus Christi High School. B. Lit., 1900. Boring, James Milton. 1 A. Austin. Austin Academy. C.1; G.AB.I; M.1.VI; Z.1. Boroughs, Margaret Graham. 1 A. Austin. Whitis Avenue School. E .1.VII ; Ge.la; (lr.5; Sp.AB.II. Brackenridge, Mary Eleanor, 1 A. Austin. Whitis Avenue School. E.1.V; G.AB.I; L.la,b.III; M.1.VII. Brady, Will P. 1 Jr. L. Austin. Austin High School. Brahm, Claudia Cecilia. 1 A. El Paso. El Paso High School. Braun, Tonie. 1 A. Denison High School. Breihan, Ernest Winfred. Blinn Memorial School. Briggs, George Waverly. E.1.VII; Gr.AB; L.la,b.III; M.1.II. Denison. E.1.II; G.AB.I ;· H.5; M.4; Sp.AB.II. 2 A. E.2.III; G.4; 3 A. Examination. E.2.II; F.1; Ge.4; G.2; Bright, Mrs. Ellen Ida. 1 A. Special. C.1; E.1.III; M.1.I; P.1. Britt, Talley DeLoach. 1 Jr. L. Special. 0.1. Brodie, A. D. 1 A. Special. Ed.3,4 ; E .1.X ; G.AB.II; Bromberg, L. N. 3 A. Examination. E.3; Gr.4; L.3,4,8; Brooke, Florence Ralston. . 4 A. Bartlett. M.2,5; P .2,3 ; P.S.1. Austin. 0 .3. Austin. San Antonio. Fredericksburg. H.A.III; M.1.VII.2. Mineola. Ph.1; Z.1. Austin. Sam Houston Normal Institute. G.3; H .5. Brooks, Barney. 2 A. Truscott. First Grade Certificate. C.2,3; E.2.III; G.1.11; Z.1. Broussard, James E. 2 A. Double Bayou. Examination. D.2; Ee.2; F.AB; M.1.II.8. Brown, Carrie. 1 A. Cuero. Cuero High School. E.1.IX; H.A.I; L.la,b.II. Brown, Elizabeth Denison. 2 A. San Antonio. 2000 SanAntonio St. South Austin. 1208 West Ave. 2200 SanAntonio St. 1902 Guadalupe St. Grace Hall. 2007 Wichita St. University Hall. 203 West 10th St. Hyde Park. Hyde Park. University Hall. 2009 University Ave. 1302 Curve St. 2108 Pearl St. 2501 Nueces St. 305 West 19th St. Grace Hall. Mulholland School. Brown, Fannie M. J. A. Belton High School. Brown, Flora M. 2 A. Whitis Avenue School. Ed.1,2; E .2.II; F .1; Ge.la; H.4; Sp.1.II.3. Belton. 2003 Guadalupe St. Ed.1; E.1.V; H.A.I; L.la.I,lb.II; M.1.IV. San Saba. 210 West 27th St. C.1; E .2.III; Gr.1; L.2a,b. NAME. HOME ADDRESS. AUSTIN ADDRESS. Brown, Joseph Shotwell. 3 A. Austin. 2010 August St. Sam Houston Normal. C.1; M.14,16. Brown, Leon Dancy. 5 Jr. L. LaGrange. 2300 San.Antonio St. University Preparatory School. Brown, Robert Garland. 2 A. Longview. 18th and Lavaca. Longview High School. C.1; Ge.1; G.AB.I.4; 0.1.II. Brown, Timothy Alvin. 5 .A. Austin. 009 Westlin St. B. A., M. A., Hlwassee College. z; Buckley, Claude Herbert. 2 A. San Diego. University Hall. Examination. C.1; G.AB.II; H.1; M.1.I; Z.6. Buckley, William Frank. 2 A. San Diego. University Hall. First Grade Certificate. Ap.M.1; E.2.IV,6; H.4; 0.1.II; P.S.1. Burkitt, George William, Jr. 1 Jr. L. Houston. 2006 University A-ve. Notre Dame University. Burney, Lambton Lorraine. 1 Jr. L. Evant. 2206 Pearl St. F irst Grade Certificate. 0.1. Burney, Percy Clitus. 4 A. Kerrville. University Hall. Southwestern University. E.2; F.4; M.9; P.4.5; P.S.1. Buchard, Hoyte Hicks. 3 A. Gonzales. 18th and Lavaca. Gonzales High School. B.1; E.7; G.1.I; M.1.II; P.S.1. Burford, Joseph Milton. 3 A. Ooolvville. University Hall. First Grade Certificate. E.2.I; G.AB.II; H.3; P.l; P.S.1,6. Burke, Strother Pledger. 3 A. Tyler. 1911 University Ave. Tyler High School. E.3,6,7; H.5; M.7; P.1; P.S.2. Burns, Arthur Parsons. 2 A. Albany. 202 East 24th St. Examination. E .2.III; G.1.I; P.1; Sp.AB.II; Z.1. Burns, Coke Killough. 3 Jr. L. Houston. 2007 Whitis Ave. Austin Academy. Butte, George Charles. 1 Jr. L. Sherman. 1930 San.Antonio St. A. B., A. M., Austin College. Byrd, Abraham Ruddell, Jr. 4 A. Parsons, N. M. 1911 University Ave. Carlisle Training School. C.11; E.9; Ge.5; H.3; M.5; 0.1; P.S.l; Z.11. Cade, Minnie Laura. 2 A. San Antonio. 2007 Wichita St. San Antonio High School. Ed.1,2,3,4; E.2; H.4; Z.1. Cage, Elliott. 1 Jr. L. Houston. 1911 University Ave. University ot the South. Caldwell, Thomas Jones. 3 A. Austin. 1009 West 6th St. Whitis Avenue School. C.2; F .4; G.1.I; M.4; Z.1. Calhoun, Arthur Ludlow. 3 A. Beaumont. 18th and Lavaca. Beaumont High School. B.1; E.2.II; G.1.I; H.5; P.S.1; Min.1. Callaway, Enoch Gilbert. 1 A. Mercer's Gap. University Hall. Examination. Ge.1; E .1.X; H .1. II; M.1.IV; Sp.AB.III. Camp, Walter Nunnelee. 1 Jr. L. · San Antonio. University Hall. Peacock's School. Campbell, E. N. 1 A. Brady. 716 West 22! St. Special. D.1; Ee.1; M.1.VI; Sp.AB.II. Campbell, Lily Bess. 2 A. San Antonio. Grace Hall. San Antonio Academy. E.2.II; G.2,4; L.3,5; P.S.1. Campbell, Thomas Duncan. 3 A. Jacksonville. 1511 Colorado St. Vanderbilt University Entrance Examination. E.2.IV; Ge.l; H.4; L.5; P.S.1; Sp.1.II.3. Campbell, William Washington. 2 Sr. L.Pleasant Grove. 2108 Pearl St. First Grade Certificate. 506 The University Record. [December, NAME. HOME ADDRESS. AUSTIN ADDRESS. Cannon, James Reece. 2 A. Special. H.2.I; 0.1.I; P.S.I. Carlisle, Kittie Rose. 3 A. Van Alstyne. Austin. University Hall. 1906 SanAntonio St. Special. E.3. Carman, Alice Vivian. 4 A. Austin. 1900 Whitis Ave. Austin High School (Scholarship). Carnes, William M. 2 A. B.2,3,6,7,8; Ed.6,7; G.Moody. 3,4. University Hall. Southwestern University. E.1.11 ; G.AB.11; H.2.11; 0.1.I; P .l. Carroll, Mrs. B. H. 5 A. Austin. 2407 Rio Grande St. B. Lit., 1895. G.AB.11. Carswell, Trabue. 3 A. Decatur. University Hall. Examination. E.7; H.3,4 ; M.l .IV; P.S.1,6; Sp.l. Carter, Blake Ashby. 2 Sr. L. Hamilton. 2210 Guadalupe St. First Grade Certificate. Carter, Claud Julian. 1 Jr. L. Era. 2206 Pearl St. Examination. 0 .1. Cavett, Moses Swindell. 4 Jr. L. Dripping Springs. University Hall. Special. 0.4. Chamberlain, Ann Lavert. 2 A. Gollier. 2007 Wichita St. Examination. Ed.5; E.2.111 ; Ge.1; M.1.11; Z.1. Chauncey, William B. 1 Jr. L. Cisco. 2206 Guadalupe St. Southwestern University. 0 .1. Childs, Alexander Berry. 1 A. Church Point. 1700 Congress Ave. St. Landry High School. C.1 ; E.1.XII; Ge.I; H .1.11. Chilton, Ben Wheatley. 1 Jr. L. Tyler. 1911 University Ave. Southwestern University. Christian, Lycurgus Cleburne. 2 Sr. L.Gonzales. University Hall. Examination. 0.3. Clagett, Edith Jane. 2 A. Dallas. 2300 Guadalupe St. Synodical College. Ed.1; E.6,7,8; F.1; H.2.I; L.la,b.11. Clark, Coral. 4 A. Rockdale. 305 West 19th St. Huntsville High School. C.2; Ed.6,7; G.AB.Il; P.2,3. Clendening, John Ritchey. 1 A. Rockport. 304 West 8th St. Austin Academy. D.l; Ee.1; E.1.I; M.1.VI; P.1. Cloud, Ruth Raymond. 1 A. Austin. 208 East 14th St. Austin High School. E .1.IX; Ge.1; G.1.Il.4; M.l.Ill. Clough, George 0. 1 A. Alma. 2206 Pearl St. Tyler High School. E.l.XII; Gr.AB; H.A; M.l.V. Cocke, William A. 1 Jr. L. San Antonio. Hyde Park. Special. 0 .1. Cole, Arthur B. 2 Sr. L. Groft. 1511 Colorado St. Alexander Collegiate Institute. Cole, Tom C. 2 A. Waxahachie. 1700 Congress Ave. Waxahachie High School. Ge.1; G.AB.I; H.A.II; 0.1.11. Connor, Edward Cowen. 3 A. Dallas. 106 West 17th St. Dallas High School. C.l; D.3; Ee.3; Ge.l. Cook, Isaac Lorenzo. 1 A. Groveton. San Antonio & 21st. Sam Houston Normal. E.l.XI; L.la,b.I; M.2; 0.1; P.l. Cook, William Lawrence. 4 A. Austin. 2307 SanAntonio St. Examination. E.6,7,8,16; G.1.11.4; P.S.l. Cooley, Mabel Elsie. 2 A. Waoo. 2510 Whitis Ave. Waco High School. Ed.1,2,3,4; E .2.III; Gr.1; H .A.111; L.2b.10. NAME. HOME ADDRESS. AUSTIN ADDRESS. Cother, Albert Adiel. 5 A. Austin. 308 Bowie St. Thomas Arnold High School. B. A., 1902. C.1; D.4; Ee.4; G.AB.I. Cowart, Robert Erwin. 2 Jr. L. Dallas. San Antonio & 21st. University ot the South. Cox, Andrew Bennett. 3 A. Blanco. University Hall. First Grade Certificate. B.1; E.4; G.1.II.4; 0 .1.II; P.S.1. Uox, George Michael. 1 A. Hico. 112 West 18th St. Austin College. E.1.X; Ge.la; Gr.B; L.la,b.II; M.l.VII. Cox, James Franklin. 3 A. Lingleville. University Hall. First Grade Certificate. E.2.II; G.AB.11; M.4; Ph.3; P.S.1. Crane, Edward. 3 A. Dallas. 2304 San.Antonio St. Examination. E.3,6,7; H.2.I.3; P.S.6; Sp.2. Crane, Olatia. 5 A. Dallas. 21st & San Antonio. B. Lit., 1902. H.4,7; Sp.5,6. Criddle, John W. 2 A. Waxahachie. Examination. E.2.IV; G.1.I.4; H.4 ; M.1.V ; Sp.AB.I. Crighton, Harry Moore. 2 A. Okolona, Miss. 2501 Nueces St. Examination. E.2.1; Gr.1; H.2.1,3; L.2a. Crouch, Mary Edna. 1 A. Quero. 2007 Wichita St. John C. French High School. E.1.11; Ge.1; G.AB.I; H.5; M.l.Ill,4. Culley, Ima Shelton. 3 A. Austin. 1907 University Ave. Austin High School. Ed.3,4; E.3; F.2,5; G.AB.11; H.2.II. Cunningham, John Craig. 3 A. Augusta. University Hall. First Grade Certificate. Ap.M.5; Ee.1; E.2.111; M.7,4. Curd, John William. 3 A. Austin. 2206 Guadalupe St. First Grade Certificate. B.2,3; C.1; E.2.IV; Ge.1; G.AB.I. Curtsinger, Ivan Johnson. 3 A. Joy. 2108 Pearl St. First Grade Certificate. E.2.11; H.2.1; L.la.IV; 0.1.II; Sp.AB.I. Dabney, Allen Dickerson. 1 Jr. L. Comanche. University Hall. Special. Dabney, Edwin. 4 Sr. L. Comanche. University Hall. First Grade Certificate. Dabney, James Finney. 1 Jr. L. Bastrop. 2108 Pearl St. Special. E.1.VII. Dalton, Carter T. 2 Sr. L. Burnet. 2300 Rio Grande St. Southwestern University. B. A., 1901. 0.3. Dancer, Ben Franklin. 1 Jr. L. Waco. 1909 Wichita St B. A., Baylor University. Dancy, Nellie Lucy. 4 A. Seguin. 408 East 18th St. Austin High School. E.6,7; F.4; M.10; P.1; 0.1. Darnell, Ralph M. 1 A. Wichita Falls. Wichita Falls High School. E.1.V ; M.1.111; P.1; Sp.AB.III. Daugherty, Bryan. 3 Jr. L. Houston. moo Whitis Ave. Examination. Davidson, Hugh Henry. 2 A. Wharton. Special. B.l; E.2.IV; G.1.II; H.3; P.S.1. Davidson, Thomas Pope. l Jr. L. Georgetown. 160~ Brazos St. B. A., Southwestern University. Davis, Edward W. 2 A. Shelbyville. University Hall. Henderson High School. D.1; Ee.1; ~.4,8. Davis, James Mitchell. l Sr. L. Cleburne. 2008 Lampasas St. Baylor University. NAME. HOME ADDRESS. AUSTIN ADDRESS. Davis, W. Irving, 2 Sr. L. Shelbyville. University Hall. First Grade Certificate. Davis, Willie. 1 A. Reagan. 101 West 16th St. Marlin High School. C.1; E.1.II; H.A.IV; M.1.II. Dean, James William. 2 Sr. L. Detroit. University Hall. Examination. Debenport, H. Roger. 1 Jr. L. Pittsburg. 2416 Guadalupe St. Southern Normal, B. A. Decherd, Mary Elizabeth. 6 A. Austin. 2313 August St. Austin High School. B. Lit., '92; M. A., '97. M.11,14. Deussen, Alexander. 3 A. San Antonio. University Hall. San Antonio High School. E.6; Ge.7; G.3; P.S.2,4; Z.2,3,4. Devine, Florence. 3 A. San Antonio. 202 East 9th St. San Antonio High School. Ed.4,5; E .7,9; H.3; Sp.1.I. Devine, Helen Olive. 4 A. San Antonio. Grace Hall. San Antonio High School. Ed.5; E.6,7,9; M.5; Sp.1. Dibrell, F. L. S. 1 A. Seguin. 2300 Rio Grande St. Seguin High School. E.1.I; Ge.1; G.AB.II; H .1.II; M.1.IV. Dibrell, Joseph Burton, Jr. 6 Sr. L. Seguin. 2300 Rio Grande St. Seguin High School. B. A., 1901. Dickerson, David Marion. 1 Jr. L. Athens. 2004 Wichita St. First Grade Certi11cate. Dinsmore, John Putnam. 1 A. Sulphur Springs. 200 West 19th St. Examination. E.1.IV ; Gr.AB; H .A.III; M.1.IV; Sp.AB.III. Dodson, John Benjamin. 2 A. Hondo. University Station. Examination. H.4 ; 0.1.I; P.S.1; Sp.1,3. Dofilemeyer, James Francis. 1 Jr. L. San Saba. 2510 Whitis Ave. Special. Dowell, Carr Thomas. 2 A. Lone Oak. 113 East 18th St. B. A., Add-Ran University. B. A., 1902. C.2,4b,6,7,8,9; Min.4. Dreesen, Bartholdt Julian. 3 Sr. L. Chico. 2202 Pearl St. Special. Duncan, I. Vance. 3 A. Egypt. 411 West 23rd St. Examination. E.2.II; G.1.I; H.A.I; 0.1.III; P.1. Duncan, William Bricen. 1 A. Van Alstyne. 605 East 15th St. Special. C.1. Duren, George Alexander. 4 A. Corsicana. 716 West 22! St. Corsicana High School (Scholarship). D.4; Ee.4; E.2; P.S.1. Durst, Mildred Wynne. 1 A. Calvert. Grace Hall. Calvert High School. E.1.XI; H.A.I; L.la,b.I; M.1.III. Easter, John Franklin. 3 A. Itasca. University Hall. First Grade Certificate. D.3; Ee.3; E.1.IX; Sp.AB.II. Easterwood, Oliver P. 6 A. Cleburne. 1807 Lavaca St. Cleburne High School. H .4,5; P.S.9; Z.9. Eckhardt, Joe C. S. 1 A. Austin. 26th and Univ. Ave. Austin Academy. B.1; C.1; E.1.IX; G.7. Edmond, Rose. 1 A. Waco. 601 West 19th St. Waco High School (Scholarship). Ed.1,2; E.l.VIII; Ge.1; H.1; M.1.I. Edwards, George Garrett. 2 A. Ennis. 1506 Congress Ave. Ennis High School. D.2; Ee.2; Ge.1; M.4,8; Sp.AB.I. Elam, William Earle. 1 A. Marlin. University Hall. A. and M. College. D.1; Ee.1; E.1.VI; M.1.VI; Sp.AB.II. NAME. HOM.E ADDRESS. AUSTIN ADDRESS. Elder, Ernest Hartwell. 1 A. Cheapside. 3300 King St. A. and M. College. D.1; Ee.1; E.1.VI; M.1.VI; Sp.AB.II. Elkins, Clyde Fred. 2 Sr. L. Sutherland Springs. University Hall. Sam Houston Normal. 0.3. Elliott, Robert Ray. 1 A. Belton. 1802 Colorado St. Belton Academy. E.1.IV; G.1.11,4; H.1; Sp.AB.III. Ellingson, Olaf John. 1 A. Austin. 1507 Sabine St. Austin High School. D.1; Ee.1; E.1.VI; M.1.VI; Sp.AB.II. Ellis, Anna Price. 4 A. Lockhart. 200 West 7th St. Special. H.5,6. Ellis, Charles Marvin. 2 Sr. L. Crockett. University Hall. Special. Ellis, Janie Berryman. 2 A. Uvalde. 202 East 24th St. San Antonio High School (Scholarship). Ed.1,2,3,4; E.2.11; Gr.1; H.5. Ellis, Norma. 2 A. Lockhart. 200 West 7th St. Special. E.2.1; F.1; Ge.1; H.5. Ellison, Wilson McFarland. 2 A. Austin. 100 West 16th St. Belton High School. C.2; D.1; E.1.11; G.AB.I ; M.4a,b. Embry, George Clark. 3 A. Waxahachie. 202 West 17th St. Kentucky University. E.6,11,16; G.6; L.la.11; Ph.6. English, Judith Elsie. 2 A. Roseland. 1704 Congress Ave. First Grade Certificate. C.1; Ed.1; E.2.11; L.2a; M.1.VII. English, Mary Emma. 1 A. Roseland. 1704 Congress Ave. University Preparatory School. E.1.IX ; G.AB.11; H.1.11; M.1.IV. Erwin, Martin Cyral. 3 A. Waxahachie. 2010 University Ave. Waxahachie High School. D.3; Ee.2,3; M.4,8. Estill, Amanda Julia. 3 A. Fredericksburg. 809 Rio Grande St. First Grade Certificate. B.5; Ed.3,4; E .2.111; F .4; Ge.1. Etheridge, Myrtle. 3 A. Oak Clift. 307 West 15th St. Examination. E.6,7,8; Gr.2; H.3; L.2a; Z.1. Faulk, Thomas Patterson. 3 A. Athens. 2004 Wichita St. Bruce Academy. LL. B., 1902. P .S.6,9,10,11,12. Feagin, Anson Travis. 2 A. Livingston. 2300 Rio Grande St. Examination. E.2.111; H.5; 0.1.11; P.S.1. Felts, Mamie. 1 A. DeKalb. 604 West 14th St. Paris High School (Scholarship). E .1.X; H.1.11 ; L.la.11,b.I; M.1.1. Ferguson, Alexander McGown. 2 A. Austin. . 18th and Colorado. M. Sc., A. and M. College. B.5. Ferguson, George Oliver. 1 A. Stephenville. 2110 Guadalupe St. Special. E.1.1; G.1.1; H .1; M.1.V; 0.1.1. Ferguson, Monta R. 1 Jr. L. Dallas. 2010 University Ave. Dallas High School. Fewell, Dorothy A. 1 A. Bonham. 2700 Guadalupe St. Bonham High School. E.1.XI; Sp.AB.III. Fiegel, Mary Florentine. 4 A. Austin. 1610 Penn. Ave. Austin High School. E.6,7,8,9,16; G.3; L.6,8,10,4. Fiegel, Walter Alexander. 1 A. Austin. 1610 Penn. Ave. Austin High School. D.1; Ee.1; E.1.VI; M.1.VI; Sp.AB.II. Finch, Herbert Hoxie. 1 A. Austin. 2306 SanAntonio St. Austin High School. D.1; Ee.1; E.1.I; M.1.VI. Finley, George Buchanon. 1 A. Roseland. University Hall. Austin Academy. D.1; Ee.1; E.1.VI; M.1.VI; Sp.AB.II. 510 The University Record [December, NAME. HOME ADDRESS. AUSTIN ADDRESS. Finley, Olin Wilbur. 1 A. Waxahachie. University Hall. Texas College. D.1; Ee.1; E.1.VI; M.1.VI; Sp.AB.II. Fisher, Sam William. 4 Jr. L. Austim. 2102 Guadalupe St. Examination. Fitzpatrick, Hopkins Rice. 1 Jr. L. Helena, Ark. 1714 Lavaca St. University of Arkansas. Fletcher, Henry Turney. 2 A. Marshall. Lavaca and 18th. Marshall High School. D.2 ; Ee.2; E.1.IX ; M.4,8; P .1. Floore, Samuel Park. 2 A. Selden. University Hall. Summer Hill Select School (Sch1Jlarship). D.1,2; Ee.1,2; M.8. Flowers, Martin 0. 2 Sr. L. Prairie Lea. University Hall. Sam Houston Normal. 0.3. Fonda, Clara Luella. 1 A. Galveston. 2601 UniversityAve. Ball High School. E.1.I; G.2,4; L.2a,b; M.2. Ford, Guy Wallace. 2 A. Whitney. University Hall. Spec.ial. Ed.2,3; E.1.VII; H .4; 0.1.I; Sp.1.Il,3. Ford, Henry Harrison. 2 A. Houston. 2407 Rio Grande St. Houston High School. E.2.IV; Ge.1; H.4; 0 .1.I; P .S.1. Forsgard, Lee William. 2 A. Waeo. 2001 SanAntonio St. Waco High School. D.2; Ee.2; Ge.1; M.4,8; Sp.AB.I. Foster, Roscoe Roderic. 1 A. Taylor. 715 22nd St. West Texas Military Academy. C.1; Ee.1 ; E.1.VI ; G.AB.11 ; M.1.VI. Fox, Herman Henry. 1 A. Austin. 810 East 12th St. Austin High School. D.1; Ee.1.VI; M.1.VI; Sp.AB.II. Frank, David Antonio. 2 Jr. L. Conroe. University Hall. Special. Frazier, Albion Monroe. 5 Jr. L. Brandon. University Hall. Examination. P.S.2; H.A.11 ; Ph.5. French, James Simms, -2 A. Killeen. University Hall. Examination. E.2.I,3; G.1.11; 0 .1.11. Freshney, Alfred. 5 A. Austin. 404 West 8th St. Special. F .1; G.2. Frischmeyer, Ilse Sophia. 3 A. Austin. 407 East 13th St. Austin High School. Ed.3; E.7; G.3; L.3,10. Fulmore, Sterling Robertson. 5 A. A.ustin. 310 West 13th St. Austin High School. B. A., 1902. H.5,6. Gaines, W. H., Jr. 1 A. Palo Pinto. University Hall. Special. Ed.1,2; H.A.III; M.1.VI; P.1. Gamble, Jesse F. 3 A. Austin. 2210 Guadalupe St. First Grade Certificate. C.1; E.2.I; G.2,4; M.3; P.6. Gans, Pearl Bath. 1 A. Longview. 2709 Rio Grande St. Longview High School. Ed.1,2; E .1.X; Ge.la; Gr.B ; L.la.I,b.II. Gardner, Annie Joe. 2 A. Palestine. Grace Hall. Palestine High School (Scholarship). Ed.1,2; E.2.11; Gr.1; L.2a,b; Z.1. Gardner, Carrie. 1 A. Palestine. Grace Hall. Palestine High School (Scholarship). E.1.XII; H .A.I; L.la.11,b.I; Sp.AB.II. Garrett, Christopher Columbus. 1 A. Brenham. 1802 Colorado St. Examination. E.1.IX; Gr.AB; H.1.II; M.1.VI. Garrett, Joseph. 1 A. Hallettsville. 800 West 22nd St. Special. Ed.1,2; H .A.II; M.1.I; P.I. Garrett, Lovie Pierce, 2 A. DeLeon. 708 West 22nd St. Special. C.1; Ge.7; G.AB; P.1. NA.ME. HOME ADDRESS. AUSTIN ADDRESS. Garrison, .Ada Hardeman. 3 .A. Austin. 2000 Whitis .Ave. Austin High School. E.2.III; G.AB.I; H.2.II ; Sp.1.II,3. Gay, Kent Vail. 2 Sr. L. B. McAlester, I. T. University Hall. Denison High School. Gibson, William Basil. 2 .A. Stephenville. University Hall. Examination. E.1.IX; H .A.I; M.2; 0.1.II; Sp.AB.I. Giesen, Walter Edward. 2 .A. Austin. 1500 Guadalupe St. Austin Academy. D.2; Ee.2; E.1.IX; M.4,8; P.1. Gilcreest, Edgar L. 1 .A. Gainesville. 2004 .August St. Gainesville High School. C.1; E.1.IV; G.1.I; M.1.IV; Z.1. Giles, Campbell Battle. 3 Sr. L. Austin. 710 West 22nd St. Examination. Gill, Elizabeth H. 2 .A. l!ustin. 505 West 19th St. Examination. Ed.1,2; E.1.X; Ge.3; H.2; Sp.AB.I. Gillette, Richard Bliss, Jr. 4 .A. M M'ionville. University Hall. Examination. C.1; D.4; Ee.4; P.1. Gillette, William Robert, 2 Jr. L. Marionville. University Hall. Marionville Collegiate Institute. Gilliam, Daisy Myrtle. I .A. Clareville. 1200 West 22nd St. Beeville High School .(Scholarship). Ed.1,2; E.1.XI; G.AB.I; H.A.II; M.1.I. Gilmer, Henry Wiley. I .A. Prosper. 2110 .August St. Baylor University. E .4; F .AB; 0 .1.I; Ph.1; P.S.1. Gilmer, Margaret. 3 .A. Cotulla. Hyde Park. Special. H.6; Sp.1.1. Gilson, William Harry. 1 .A. Calvert. 2602 Rio Grande St. Calvert High School. D.1; Ee.1; E.1.VI; M.1.VI; Sp.AB.II. Glascock, Bennie Leon. 3 .A. Elgin. 2108 Pearl St. First Grade Certificate. C.2; G.7; M.4c,d; P.2,3; P.S.1. Goggans, James Lawson. I Sr. L. Newberry, B. C. 2409 UniversityAve. B. A., Newberry College. Golden, John Roscoe. 3 A. Van Alstyne. University Hall. Columbia College. H .3,4; L.lb.III; 0.1.II; Ph.la,b,c; P.S.6. Gooch, John Young, Jr. '1 Jr. L. Palestine. 1802 Colorado St. Examination. Goodwin, Lucy Coleman. I .A. Hutto. 100 East 26th St. Examination. Ed.1,2; E.1.V; H.A.II; M.1.II; Sp.AB.III. Gordon, Sol. 2 Jr. L. Beaumont. 2006 UniversityAve. Agricultural and Mechanical College. Goree, Edwin Sue. 2 .A. Seymour. 706 West 22nd St. Examination. Ed.2; E.2.II; H.1,2.II. Grant, James David. 1 A. Franklin. University Hall. Allen Academy. D.1; Ee.1; E.1.VI; M.1.VI; Sp.AB.II. Grant, Sam Davis. I A. Franklin. University Hall. Texas Christian University. E.1.V; G.AB.II; H.A.III; M.1.III ; Z.1. Gray, Fanny .A. I .A. Cherokee. 2300 Guadalupe St. Special. Ed.1,2,3,4; E.1.XI; H .A.II; M.1.VII. Gray, George Lester. 2 A. Cherokee. 2300 Rio Grande l:lt. Austin Academy. C.2; E.1.III; F.4; Ge.1; Z.2,3,4. Gray, George William. I A. Caldwell. University Hall. Examination. B.1; C.1; E.1.III; G.AB.I; M.1.VI. Green, Zeddie Andrew. 2 A. West Point. University Hall. Examination. E.2.I; G.1.II,4; M.2,3,5. 7-R NAME. HOME ADDRESS. AUSTIN ADDRESS. Greer, Emma Autry. 2 A. Oak Cliff. 2601 UniversityAve. Examination. B.1; E.2. II; F.1; Gr.1; L.2a,b.6. Greer, Lillian Lee. 1 A. Whitewright. 2300 Guadalupe St. Baylor University. E.8,16 ; Ge.1; Gr.4; L.3,lb.IV; Sp.1.1,3. Griffin, Edmond Burke. 2 A. Van Alstyne. 2711 Guadalupe St. First Grade Certificate. E.2.II; H.4; 0 .1.II; P .S.1; Sp.1.l. Griffing, William Wallace. 2 A. Mt. Calm. University Hall. First Grade Certificate. Ed.1,2; E.2,3; H.6; P.1. Griffith, Susie Gertrude. 3 A. Alvin. 506 West 22nd St. Examination. B.2,3,4; E.2.IV; F.1; Ge.1; H.3. Grimmett, W. Macklin. 1 Jr. L. Gatesville. 1606 Brazos St. Baylor University, B. A. Groce, .Alexander Calvit. 1 A. Hempstead. 2206 Guadalupe St. Hempstead High School. D.1; Ee.1; E.1.VI; M.1.VI; Sp.AB.II. Grubbs, Silas Mercer. 2 Sr. L. Dallas. 30th & Rio Grande. First Grade Certificate. Haberer, Bruno Moltke. 4 A. Brady. 712 West 23rd St. Examination. D.4; Ee.4; G.1.II; M.4b,8; P.1. Hackett, James Elliott. 4 A. M ooreville. University Hall. Austin Academy. E.2.l ; Ge.2,7; Gr.3,4; H.3; P.S.3. Haidusek, George L. 2 A. LaGrange. 2010 UniversityAn. Texas Christian University. H.5; 0 .4; Ph.la; Sp.1,6. Hall, Thomas Charlton. 2 Jr. L. Temple. 716 22nd St. Temple High School. Ham, Grant Taylor. 1 A. Mt. Vernon, Ill. 411 West 23rd St. Special. E.1.IX; F.AB ; H.4. Hamblen, Verne Hall. 3 A. Austin. 1407 Brazos St. Belton High School. D.1; G.AB.II; M.4; P.1. Hamblen, William Perry. 1 Jr. L. Houston. 2407 Rio Grande St. Houston High School. Hamilton, Dexter. 3 Jr. L. Corsicana. University Hall. Baylor University. Hamilton, Wm. Williamson. 1 Jr. L. Merkel. 903 East 14th St. Southwestern University. Hampton, Archie Thomas. 1 A. Henrietta. 800 West 22nd St. Henrietta High School (Scholarship). E.1.l; G.AB.II; M.1.III; P.1. Hancock, John. 3 A. Austin. 7th & San .Antonio. Special. C.1; Ee.1; Ge.1; M.4; P.1. Hancock, John W. 1 Jr. L. Blossom. 208 West 17th St. First Grade Certificate. Harding, Robert Ellison. 3 A. Fort Worth. 2000 San.Antonio St. Fort Worth University. C.2; E.6,7; F.4;. P.S.1; Sp:l· Hardy, Hammett Huntington. 2 Sr. L. Austin. 1910 August St. Coronal Institute. Hargrove, Hugh Maxey. 3 A. Waco. 411 West 23rd St. Waco High School. E.6,7; G.AB.II; P.S.6; Sp.1.Il. Harlow, Amy Hesta. 3 A. Celeste. 2300 Guadalupe St. Sam Houston Normal. E.1.IV; G.1.I,4; M.7,9,11; P.4,6. Harris, Catherine Louise. 2 A. Austin. 32nd and Du-val. Austin High School. E.2.III; F.AB ; Sp.1.I,3. Harris, Charles Tillman. 1 A. Mexia. University Hall. Mexia High School. D.1; Ee.1; E.1; M.1; Sp.1. NA.ME. HOME ADDRESS. AUSTIN ADDRESS. Harris, Fanny West. 2 A. Henderson. 2300 SanAntonio St. Henderson High School. E.2.III; F.4; Ge.3; G.l ; .H.l. Harris, Henry Camp. 1 A. Greenville. 900 West 17th St. Greenville High School. E.1.II; H.2.II; M.l.IV; Sp.AB.II; Z.l. Harris, Temple. 2 A. Austin. 1704 Congress Ave. Austin High School. Ed.1,2; E.2.IV; Gr.l ; H.A.III; L.2a. Harrison, Alice. 3 A. Austin. 406 West 8th St. Austin High School. Ed.1,2,3,4; E .6,7 ; Gr.2; H.A. Harrison, Daniel Jefferson. 1 Jr. L. Bartlett. University Hall. Sam Houston Normal. 0.1. Harrison, Edward Tyler. 1 Sr. L. Coppell. 402 San Antonio St. Georgetown College, B. A. Hartmann,. Carl Gottfried. 3 A. Austin. 105 East 14th St. University of Iowa. B. A., 1902. C.2,3; Z.9,10,ll. Hatchett, Agnes Bell. 1 A. i:Jelden. 100 East 26th St. Wichita Falls High School. B.l; Ed.1,2,3,4; E.l.VII; H .A.II. Hatchett, Roy Rupert. 2 A. Stephenville. 2006 Wichita St. John Tarlton College. D.2; Ee.2; Ge.l; M.4,8; P.1. Hatchitt, Joseph B. 4 Jr. L. Loakhart. University Hall. First Grade Certificate. Haven, James Patrick. 3 Sr. L. Denison. 411 West 23rd St. . University of Missouri. Haven, Marie. 1 A. Denison. 19th and Rio Grande. Liberty College, Mo. E.2,III; F .1; H .5. Hazen, Louise Coleman. 1 A. Wilder, Vermont. Tillotson College. B. A., Smith College. M.13. Hearne, Emma Howard. 2 A. Dallas. 302 East 24th St. Palestine High School. E .2.II; H.2.II; M.5; Sp.AB.II. Hebgen, Elizabeth. 1 A. San Antonio. 2300 Guadalupe St. San Antonio High School. B.1; G.l.I; M.l.V,5. Heflin, Keziah. 3 A. Austin. 1806 Lavaca St. Baylor Female College. B.6,7,8; Ed.3,4; E.6,7; H.A.III. Henderson, Frank Law. 1 Jr. L. Bryan. 2700 Guadalupe St. Cameron High School. Heuermann, Augusta L. 1 A. Yoakum. 2003 Guadalupe St. Yoakum High School (Scholarship). E.1.II; G.1.II; H.A.II; Z.l. Henne, Herbert George. 3 Sr. L. Ne;w Braunfels. San Antonio Academy. Henshaw, Herbert Marion. 1 A. Pleasanton. 715 West 22nd St. Special. E.1.XI ; M.1.VII ; 0.1.II; Sp.AB.I. Hertzberg, Harry. 3 Jr. L. San Antonio. 1802 Colorado St. San Antonio Academy. Hewett, Hattie Ellen. 1 A. Palestine. 1201 Rio Grande St. Palestine High School. Ed.l,2,3,4; E.l.II; H.A.III; L.Ia,b.I. Hibbs, Ethel Louisa. 2 A. Austin. 706 West 22nd St. Corpus Christi High School. B.1; Ed.3,4; E.2.II; G.AB.II; Sp.1.Il,3. Hicks, W. Brooks. 1 A. Martinburg. 2108 Pearl St. First Grade Certificate. E.1.IV; G.AB.II; M.1.I; P.1. Hill, Clyde Walton. 2 A. Austin. 30.8 East 11th St. Austin High School. E.2.I,4; G.2; H.A.III; Ph.1. Hill, Ernest Graham. 1 A. Moody. Special E.1.VII; H.A.III; M.1.III; 0 .1.II. NAME. HOME ADDRESS. AUSTIN ADDRESS. Hill, Grace. 3 A. Austin. 2106 Pearl St. Whitis Avenue School. E.6,7,8; H .2.II; Sp.AB.II. Hill, Lawrence. 2 A. Austin. 2108 Pearl St. Abilene High School. C.1; Ee.2; M.1.II. Hill, Sarah Addie. 2 A. Austin. 2004 Nueces St. First Grade Certificate. E.1.1; Ge.1; G.AB.l; Z.1. Hinchliffe, John Lincoln. 1 A. Me:cia. 800 West 22nd St. Mexia High School. E.1.VII ; H.A.I ; M.1.IV. Hogan, Frances Myranda. 4 A. Houston. 506 West 22nd St. Houston High School. Ed.5; G.2; H.3,5. Hogsett, Joe Bratcher. 2 A. Fort Worth. Kappa Sigma House. Fort Worth High School. D.2; Ee.2; E.1.IX; M.4,8; Sp.AB.I. Holeman, Colon. 2 A. Morgan. 706 West 22nd St. Cleburne High School. Ed.2,3,4; E.2.ll; H .A.II,2.II. Holladay, Florence. 1 A. Cego. Hyde Park. Sam Houston Normal. C.1; E.1.V; G.AB.I; H .1.ll; M.1.1. Holland, Wiley Walter. 2 Sr. L. Bremond. 2108 Pearl St. Examination. 0.3. Holliday, Margaret. 5 A. Austin. 1801 West Ave. University of Nashville. B. S., 1901; M. S., 1902. C.14; Z.11. Holt, Celeste. 1 A. Victoria. 1900 Sabine St. Victoria High School. Ed.1,2; E.l.Xl; H.1; L .la.II,b.Ill; M.1.VII. Hopkins, May Agnes. 2 A. Austin. 2500 Nueces St. Austin High School. Ed.1,2,3,4; E .2.lll; G.1.1; M.3. Horn, James Edwin. 1 A. Centre Point. University Hall. Austin Academy. E.1.I ; M.1.II; 0.1.lll; Z.1. Horton, Guy P. 2 Sr. L. Whitesboro. 2002 Wichita St. Special. 0.3. Horton, Mary Lee. 9 A. Austin. 805 West 22nd St. B. Lit., 1899 ; M. A., 1902. Sp.3 Houlahan, Gertrude Nellie. 2 A. Galveston. 2709 Rio Grande St. Ball High School. F.1.ll; Ge.1; Gr.2 ; H.A.ll; L.2a. Householder, Fred Walter. 1 A. Charlie. 715 West 22~ St. Examination. E.1.V; H.1.ll; M.1.I; Sp.AB.I. Howard, Calvin Scott. 2 A. Henrietta. University Hall. Henrietta High School. E.2.ll; H.3; Ph.1; P.S.1; Sp.AB.Ill. Howard, Clement John. 4 A. Jacksboro. iJniversity Hall. Examination. D.4; Ee.4; Ge.1; P.1. Howard, _David Stuart Hoxie. 2 A. Palestine. San Antonio & 23d. Palestine High School. C.2,3: E.1.II; G.AB.l; H.A.lll; Sp.1.I. Howard, Mamie V. 2 A. Austin. 1908 UniversityATe. Paris High School. B:2,3; E.2.III; F.1; Ge.1; G.AB.I. Howser, John Paul. 4 A. Goree. 3105 Asylum Ave. Special. D.1; Ed.1; E.8,9,11; Ge.1,2; Gr.6; Ph.1; P.S.1. Hubbard, Louis Herman. 4 A. Austin. 2004 SanAntonio St. El Paso High School. Ed.5; E.2.III; H.3; P.1; P.S.2; Z.2,3,4. Hudgins, Fay Taylor. 1 A. Texarkana. 19th & Rio Grande. Examination. E.1.Xll ; Ge.1; H.A.III. Huggins, Clifford. 3 A. Sherman. University Hall. Special. LL.B., 1902. 0 .3,4; P.S.6,9,10,11,12. Hughes, Edward Howd. 2 Sr. L. Houston. 2206 Pearl St. Special. NAME. HOME ADDRESS. .AUSTIN .ADDRESS. Hu=el, Leonore Wagner. 1 A. Sa;n Antonio. Grace Hall. San Antonio High School. E.1.IX; Ge.1; H.A.I; M.1.II; Sp.AB.II. Hunt, Gavin Drummond. 4 A. Dallas. 411 West 23rd St. Examination. H.2,3; L.4; P.S.1. Hutchings, Thomas C. 3 Sr. L. Mt. Pleasa;nt. 2301i Rio Grande St. Special. 0.3. Ideson, Julia Bedford. 3 A. Houston. 1907 Whitis Ave. Houston High School. E.6,7; H .3; M.2a,5; Sp.1.II; Z.1. Jackson, Bertha. 2 A. Oorsicana. Colorado and 17th. Corsicana High School. (Scholarahip). Jackson, J. A., Jr. 1 A. Austin. 510 West 23rd St. Special. Ge.l; H.A.III; 0.1.II. Jagoe, Miranda S. 4 A. Denton. 202 East 24th St. Central College, Missouri. Ed.10,11; E.6,7; H.5; M.6; Z.3,4,8,11. Jahn, Edwin Hermann. 1 A. Gonzales. Colorado and 17th. Gonzales High School. D.1; Ee.1.VI; G.l.II,4; M.1.VI. Jarvis, May Mason. 1 A. La Porte. Grace Hall. Denison High School. {Scholarship). E.1.V; L.la.I,b.II; Z.l. Jenkins, Kate Battle. 3 A. Bastrop. 2400 Lampasas St. Bastrop High School. (Scholarship). Edl,2,3,4; E.2.IV; G.4; Gr.1; H.4. Johnson, Adele. 2 A. Austin. 203 East 9th St. Austin High School. E.2.III; G.1.I; H .A.III; Z.1. Johnson, Charles Bedford. 2 A. Vernon. 2304 SanAntonio St. Brenham High School (Scholarship). B.l; E.7; F.2,5; Gr.5; P .S.l. Johnson, Claiborne Holt. 1 A. A.ustin. 1913 Nueces St. Austin Academy. D.1; Ee.l; E.1.VI; M.l.VI; Sp.AB.II Johnson, Kittie. .1 A. Austin. 302 East 3rd St. Austin High School. E .1.VII; Ge.1; H.A.III; Sp.AB.I. Johnson, Lewis. 2 Jr. L. Jacksboro. University Hall. First Grade Certificate. Sp.5; H.3. Johnson, Lucy Alice. 1 A. Austin. 1305 Guadalupe St. Examination. E.1.IV; Ge.1; G.AB.I; H .A.II; M.l.VII. Johnson, Pearl. 1 A. Johnson Oity. First Grade Certificate. C.l; Ed.1,2; M.1.I; P.l. Johnson, Robert Douglas. 1 A. Oorsicana. 1500 Congress Ave. Corsicana High School. E.1.I; H.3; L.la,lb.I; M.l.IV. Johnston, Dallas Thomas. 3 A. Wallis. Colorado and 17th. Peacock's School. Ee.1,2; M.4,8; 0.1.VI; Sp.AB.I. Johnston, Gwynne. 1 A. San Antonio. 1908 UniversityAve. San Antonio High School. E.l.XI; H.1.; L .la,b.I; M.1.III. Jones, Alma. 4 A. El Paso. Grace Hall. El Paso High School. Ed5; E .6,7; H.5; M.5; Ph.6a,b,c; Sp.3. Jones, Ella. 1 A. Austin. Hyde Park. Whitis Avenue School. E.1.IX; Ge.1.II; M.1.III. Jones, John Homer. 1 A. Lone Star. 2206 Guadalupe St. Troupe High School. C.1; E.1.V; H.1; M.1.V; Sp.AB.III. Jones, Mary Peck. 3 A. Austin. 722 Congress Ave. Austin High School. Ed.3,4; Gr.2; H.2.II,3; Sp.l.I,3. Judd, Nathan Banks. 4 A. Van Alstyne. 1911 University Ave. Texas Christian University. B.7; E.7,9,16; G.1.II,4; H.4; Ph.1. Kapner, Godfrey Jack. 2 Sr. L. Houston. 409 West 12th St. Examination. 0.3. NAME. HOME ADDRESS. AUSTIN ADDRESS. Keen, John H. 2 .A. F'loreS'Ville. 312 West 10th St. Examination. E.2.III; Gr.1; H.2; 0.1; Ph.la,b. Keen, Marion Hindman. 1 .A. Floresville. Hyde Park, Box 7. Special. E.1.VIII; G.AB.I; Gr.AB; H.2.II. Keller, .Adelaide. 2 .A. Austin. 1900 Whitis Ave. Marshall High School (Scholarship). Ed.1.II,3,4; E.1.IX; Ge.1; 0 .1. Kellis, James Patrick. 2 Sr. L. Sterling City. 603 West 8th St. Examination. Kelly, Isabel. 2 .A. El Paso. R.R. No. 2. El Paso High School (Scholarship). Ed.1,2; E.2.IV; H.A.I; L.2a,lb.III; Sp.2. Kemp, Louis Wiltz. 2 .A. Cameron. 501 East 11th St. Cameron High School. D.2; Ee.1.IX; Gel; M.8; Sp.AB.I. Kent, George William. 1 .A. Cuero. 2112 Nueces St. Cuero High School (Scholarship). E.1.VII; Gr.AB; L.la,b.JI; M.1.III. Kerbey, Joseph Carrington. 1 .A. Austin. 822~ Congress .Ave. Austin Academy. E.LIX; Ge.1; H .A.II; M.1.IV; 0 .1.II. Kerby, Jerome B. 1 .A. Springtown. 102 West 24th St. Special. E.1.VIII; G.AB.II; M.1.1; P.1. Key, Howard W. 5 .A. Austin. 212 West 27th St. Austin High School. B. Lit., 1902. M.9; P.2,3,4,5; Ap.M.5. Kimball, Richard Huntington. 3 .A. Meridian. 411 West 23rd St. Examination. Ee.1; F.4; H.3; 0.4; Ph.la,b,c; P.S.1. Kimbrough, Carrie .Atlie. 1 .A. Wills Point. Hyde Park. Sam Houston Normal. Ed.1,2; E .1.X; H.1.1 ; M.1.I. Kindley, George Cyrus. 2 A. Graham. 2416 Guadalupe St. First Grade Certificate. C.1; E.2.I; Gr.1; H.1. King, .Alywn Penn. 1 .A. Austin. 2002 Rio Grande St. Examination. C.1; E.1.IV; G.AB.I; M.1.VII. King, Carner Dixon. 1 Jr. L. Arlington. 800 West 22nd St. Polytechnic College. King, James Edwards. 1 Jr. L. Memphis. Baylor University. King, Mrs. Tena C. 2 .A. Yoakum. 2007 Wichita St. Special. Edl,2; E.1.I; H.A.II; Sp.AB.I; Z.1. Kingsley, Winifred. 1 .A. San Antonio. Grace Hall. San Antonio High School. B.1; E.1.VII; H.A.II; M.1.II; Sp.l.II,3. Kirkpatrick, Jack. 2 .A. Dallas. 106 West 17th St. Agricultural and Me·"han!cal College. E.1.V,2.II; H.A.II; P.1; Sp.AB.III. Kleberg, Marcellus. 4 Jr. L. Ga,lveston. 2304 San.Antonio St. Ball High School. G.11,13. Klein, Grover Cleveland. 1 .A. Sherman. 2304 San.Antonio St. Sherman High School. E.1.IX; G.AB.II; H.l.II; M.1.III. Klingeman, D. 0. 1 Jr. L. Goodwin. 102 24th St. Southwestern University. Knempel, Henry W. 2 .A. Manor. 105 East 14th St. Special. B.1; C.1; Gl.I; M.l.II. Knox, Robert. 4 .A. Giddings. 1108 Guadalupe St. Austin College. E.7,9,11,12,16 ; H .4,5; 0 .1.III. Koch, .Anna Caroline. 3 .A. Shiner. 2403 Rio Grande St. University Preparatory School. B.l; Ed.3,4; E.2.II; G.3,4; Sp.AB.III. Kubala, James Rudolph. 3 .A. Beeville. 2008 University.Ave. LL. B .. 1902. NAME. HOME ADDRESS. Kuehne, 0. Franz. 1 A. Austin. Austin High School. D.l ; Ee.l; E.l.VI; M.l.VI; Sp.AB.II. Kuehne, Henry Fuercht.egott. 5 A. Wied. Examination. Z.6,7. Lacy, A. Bledsoe. 5 Jr. L. Carrolton. B.A., 1901. Lake, Lois Cela. 2 A. Palestine. Palestine High School. Ed.1,2; E .2.II ; F.AB; H.2.I; L .2a. Lallier, Herbert C. 2 A. Denison. Denison High School. D.l; Ee.1,2; M.4,8. Lambdin, Mary. 1 A. Waco. Waco High School. Ed.1,2; E.1.VIII; H.1; Sp.AB.III. Lancaster, Edgar Henry. 2 A. Mendoza. Examination. B.1; C.2; E.2.IV; M.4; P.1. Lanham, Frank V. 1 A. Weatherford. Georgetown University. E.6,7; H.5; L.3; 0.1.I; P.S.1. Lary, Frank Byrd. 1 A. Hillsboro. Examination. E.1.VIII; H.1,3; M.l.I. Lasker, Etta. 1 A. GaZ.Veston. Ball High School. E.1.II, 2.IV; F .2,5; G.3; H .A.III. Lasker, Florina N. 1 A. Galveston. Ball High School. E.l.II,2.IV; F.2,5; G.3; H.A.III. Lawrence, Claude. 2 Sr. L. Rusk. Special. P.S.12. Uachman, Mayde. 1 A. Dallas. Dallas High School. E.l.X; Ge.l; G.AB.I; H.1.II. Leavell, Edna Steele. 3 A. Dallas. Paris High School (Scholarship). E.6,7; G.l; Gr.2; H.10; Leavell, E. Selden. 2 Sr. L. Houston. Yale University. Lee, Frank Z. 3 A. Comanche. Austin Academy. D.3; Ee.3; M.4,8. Lee, William Taylor, Jr. 1 A. Comanche. Examination. D.1; Ee.1; E.1.VI; M.1.VI; Sp.AB.II. Lendewig, Frederick F. 2 Sr. L. Gregg, Okla. Special. Leonard, Charles Edwin. 4 A. Austin. Austin High School. C.l; D.4; Ee.4; M.4. Lewis, Florence Parthenia. 6 A. Austin. Austin High School (Scholarship). B. A., 1897; M. A., 189.8. Lewis, Grover Cleveland. 3 A. Austin. Luling High School. D.3; E.2.III; Ee.3; Ge.1; M.4. Lichtenstein, Emil Alexander. 2 A. Corpus Christi. Corpus Christi High School. D.2; Ee.2; Ge.1; M.4,8; P.l. Liedtke, William Clarence. 3 A. Coesfield. Gainesville High School. E.3; H.4,5; P.S.6,9,10,11,12. Lippelt, Gertrude K. 3 A. Austin. San Antonio H igh School. C.2,3; E .2.IV; M.1.VI; Sp.2. Littlefield, Christina E. 1 A. Roswell, N. M. Whitis Avenue School. E.l.VIII; Ge.l; G.AB.I; M.1.VII. Littman, Mayme Edna. 4 A. Austin. Austin High School. Ed.3,4; E.3; G.3a; L.8,9,10; M.2,7,12; AUSTIN ADDRESS. 1103 Sabine St. 2206 Guadalupe St. University Hall. 202 East 24th St. University Hall. ll01 West 19th St. 501 West 19th St. 1009 Lavaca St. 2006 UniversityAve. Grace Hall. Grace Hall. University Hall. 307 West 15th St. L.3,4,5; M.2. University Hall. University Hall. 2713 Rio Grande St. 2208 Pearl St. 910 Lavaca St. M.11,14. 210 West 11th St. 2005 Guadalupe St. 2004 August St. 110 West 19th St. 300 West 24th St. 301 East 4th St. Sp.1.I. NAME. HOME ADDRESS. AUSTIN ADDRESS. Lockett, Alice. 1 A. Rockdale. 305 West 19th St. Rockdale High School. E .1.XI; H.1; L.la,b.III; M.1.VII. Lockhart, Kate. 4 .A. Campbell. 307 West 15th St. Henry College. Ed.3,6; E .7,8; Ge.1; H .4; M.5; 0.1.II. Logue, John G. 2 Jr. L. Columbus. 1606 Brazos St. Baylor University. P.S.2. Longino, William. 2 .A. Weatherford. University Hall. B. A., Weatherford College. G.1.II; Gr.4; L.5,7,8,9; P.S.1; Z.1. Lovett, Tom Word. 1 Jr. L. Liberty. Peacock's School. Lumpkin, Forrest Edward. 3 .A. Terrell. 200 West 24th St. Terrell High School. E.2.III; H .1,3,5; 0.3; P.S.1. Luton, Jesse Perkins. 1 Jr. L. Ector. 1700 Congress .Ave. Grayson College. 0.1. Lytle, G. Nelson. 2 Sr. L. San Antonio. 1910 .August St. Examination. 0.3. Maas, Mary Fowler. 2 .A. Galveston. 1100 Lavaca St. San Antonio High School. E .2.I; F .AB; G.AB.II; L .2a,b,10. Maas, Sam J. 3 .A. Galveston. 1100 Lavaca St. Ball High School. D.2; Ee.2; Ge.1; M.4,8. Malloy, Edward Charles. 1 .A. Ferris. Ferris Institute. D.1; Ee.1; E.1.II ; M.1.VI; P.1. Malloy, Henrietta Louise. 1 .A. Palestine. Grace Hall. Palestine High School. E.1.II; L.la,b.I; M.1.II; Sp.AB.II. Maedgen, William Lorenzo. 3 .A. Troy. 1714 Lavaca St. Examination. D.1; Eel; G.1.I; M.4; P.l. Marley, James Preston. 2 .A. Ottine. University Hall. Luling High School. E.2.III; F.AB; Ge7; H .1; 0 .1.I. Marrs, John Peter. 3 .A. Lorena. University Hall. Examination. H.5; 0.3; P.S.1,2. Marshall, Margaret. 4 .A. Austin. 2709 Rio Grande St. Southwestern University. B.5; Ed.5; Ge.l; Z.6,7,9. Marshall, Newton Jasper. 3 .A. Bonham. University Hall. Bonham High School (Scholarship). Ed.3,4; Gr.5; L.2b,3,5; Sp.AB.II. Martin, Ivanhoe. 3 .A. Corsicana. University Hall. Corsicana High School. E.3; H.3; L.la; 0.3; Ph.l; Sp.l. Martin, William Franklin. 3 A. Attoyac. University Hall. Sam Houston Normal. D.3; Ee.3; E.4; M.9; P.S.1. Mathis, Arthur. 2 .A. Rockport. 411 West :::!3rd St. Examination. D.l; Ee.l; G.AB.II; M.4; P.1. Matthews, Harvey B. 2 A. Austin. 1802 Pearl St. Austin Academy (Scholarship). C.2; E .l .IV,2.III; G.1.I; P.1; Z.1. Maverick, Emily. 1 .A. San Antonio. 704 San .Antonio St. San Antonio High School. E.1.II; F.AB; M.l.III; Sp.l,I,3. Maverick, George Vance. 1 Jr. L. San Antonio. 1910 .August St. Princeton University. May, Herbert Yandel. 1 A. Whitewright. 1700 Congress .Ave. University of Colorado. C.2; L.la,b.IV; 0.1. May, Joseph Elwood. 1 A. Lexington, Neb. 1714 Lavaca St. University of Nebraska. E.l.III; Ge.l ; M.l.III; Sp.AB.III. Megee, Alice Novella. 3 A. Austin. 100 East 26th St. Austin High School. Ed.3,4; E.9; F.2,5; Gel; G.AB.II; L.4. NAME. HOME ADDRESS. AUSTIN ADDRESS. Megee, Jonnie. 2 A. Austin. 100 East 26th St. Austin High School (Scholarship). Ed.3,4; E.2.III; Ge.1; G.3; H.A.III; M.12. Megee, Mary Lena. 2 A. Austin. 100 East 26th St. Austin High School. E.1,2; E.2.IV; G.l.I,4; Sp.AB.I. Merrill, Wiley Boothe. 5 Sr. L. Ladonia. 1807 Lavaca St. Examination. Meyer, Benjamin S. 1 A. Tyler. 2206 Guadalupe St. Tyler High School. E.1.IX; G.AB.1; H .A.I; M.l.V. Michael, Charles William. 4 A. Austin. 605 West 10th St. Examination. E .7,8,16; Ge.4; H.4,6. Miller, Benjamin W. 1 A. Ravenna. 714 West 22nd St. Grayson College. E .4; G.AB.II; M.4,8; P.1. Miller, Dudley. 1 A. Austin. 1st and St. James. Examination. E .1.VII; G.AB.I; H.A.I; M.1.V. Miller, Stella. 1 A. Waelder. 307 West 15th St. Examination. E.1.X; H .1.II; M.l.VII; Sp.AB.1. Milliken, Martin Horace. 2 A. Lewisville. 1606 Brazos St. Examination. E.2.III; Ge.1; G.AB.I ; H .3; 0.1.I. Milliken, Thomas G. 1 Jr. L. Lewisville. 1606 Brazos St. Southwestern University, B. A. Mills, Rufus Arthur. 1 A. Throckmorton. 715 West 22! St. First Grade Certificate. Ed.1,2; E.1.VIII; Gr.AB; M.1.I. Mobley, Will B. 1 Jr. L. Henderson. 2301 Samona St. Summer Hill Select School (Scholarship). Moffett, Frank Glover. 4 A. Morales. 2004 Wichita St. First Grade Certificate. Monroe, Dana Elbra. 1 A. Cameron. 1900 SanAntonio St. Cameron High School (Scholarship). E.1.IV; Gr. AB ; L .la.I; M.1.II. Moore, Adrian Turner. 2 A. Waco. 1807 Colorado St Waco High School. E.2.IV; H.2.II,4; M 5; 0.1.I; Sp.AB.II. Moore, Clarence. 4 A. Sherman. University Hall. Sherman High School. B.6; Ge.1; G.4,7; P.S.1; Z.9,11. Moore, William S. 2 Sr. L. Van Alstyne. University Hall. Examination. 0 .3,4. Morey, Ethel A. 1 A. Belton. Grace Hall. Baylor College. Ge.1; G.2; H.1; M.1.III. Morgan, Gladys Eleanor. 3 A. San Antonio. 2510 Whitis Ave. San Antonio High School. Ed.3,4; E.7; F.1; G.AB.II; Gr.6; H.4; L.2b. Morgan, Richard, Jr. 5 A. Dallas. 2007 August St. Dallas High School. E .9,16; Gr.5,6; 0.4; P.S.l ; Z.1. Morris, Viola. 1 A. A.ustin. 906 Rio Grande St. Examination. B.1; E.1.VII; H.A.II. Mothner, Morris M. I A. Beaumont. 2010 University Ave. Peacock's School. E.1.VII; Ge.1; G.AB.II; M.1.II. Moyes, William Joy. 2 A. Sh.erman. University Hall. Sherman High School (Scholarship). Edl,2; E .2.III; Gr.1; H .A.II ; L.2a,b. Moursund, Albert Waddell. 2 Sr. L. Fredericksburg. 1501 Colorado St. Thomas Arnold High School. Murdock, Florence R. 2 A. Oak Cliff. 2104 Nueces St. Examination. E.1.V,2.II; F.1; H 1; M.1.I. Murphey, Frederick Stevens. 1 Jr. L. San Antonio. University Hall. Special. NAME. HOME ADDRESS. AUSTIN ADDRESS. Murray, James Powell. 4 A. Hale Genter. University Hall. Examination. D.1; Ee.1,2; M.4,8,10. Murray, Mattie Steele. 1 A. Floresville. llO West 19th St. Examination. E.1.X; H.1.II; M.l; Sp.AB. McCain, Maud. 2 A. Beeville. Colorado & 17th Sts. Mary Nash College. Ed.3,4; E.1.II; G.AB.II; M.1.V; Sp.1.I,3. McCain, Mollie. 2 A. Beeville. Colorado & 17th Sts. Mary Nash College. E .1.X; F .AB; H.3; Sp.l .I. McCall, George Edward. 1 A. Weatherford. University Hall. Weatherford High School (Scholarship). E.1.V; H.A.I; L.la,b.II; M.l.III. McCarty, Wilburn, Jr. 1 Jr. L. GrO/Tlger. 1606 Brazos St. B. A., Baylor University. McClendon, Jesse F. 6 A. Austin. 3200 Guadalupe St. Examination. C.l; F.4; P.S.9,10,ll; Z.9. McCombs, Mora Cordelia. 3 A. Dallas. 100 East 26th St. Austin High School (Scholarship). Ed.5,7; E.9; G.4; Gr.l; H .A.I; M.5,7; Z.1. McCormick, Robert Earl. 2 A. Denton. University Hall. Denton High School (Alumni Scholarship). E.3; G.AB.II; Gr.2; L.3,4,5; M.3. McCrummen, Cecile. 2 A. Paris. 2601 University Ave. Paris High School. E.1,2; E.2.III; G.3; Gr.1; L.2a,b. McFarland, Addie Allen. 2 A. El Paso. 2300 Guadalupe St. Examination. E.2.I; H .3; Sp.AB.I; Z.l. McFarland, Ike Barton. 3 A. El Paso. S. Antonio & 23dSts. Examination. D.1; Ee.l; G.AB.II; M.4; P.1. McGinnis, William Preston. 3 Jr. L. Ro01T1oke. University Hall. Examination. 0 .1. McGrady, H. Perl. 1 A. Bonham. 1714 Lavaca St. Grayson College. Ap.M.1,2; C.1; E.2.I; G.AB.II; M.l.IV; P.l. Mclnnis, Emmet E. 1 Jr. L. ShermOITI. 2102 Pearl St. B. S., Austin College, 1902. Mcintosh, James Thomas. 1 Jr. L. Okolona, Miss. 716 West 22~ St. University of Mississippi. McKay, Luke. 2 A. Ferris. 800 West 22nd St. Ferris Institute. D.2; Ee.2 ; M.4,8 ; Sp.AB.I. McKellar, Edward Duncan. 3 A. Forney. 1501 Colorado St. Lewis Academy. E.l.IV; G.4; P.S.l; Sp.AB.I; E.2.III. McKellar, Edwin Irwin. 1 A. Dripping Springs. South Austm. Examination. E.1.XI; H.l.II; M.1.IV; Sp.AB.III. *McKellar, John Riddell. 4 A. Lewis Academy (Scholarship). Ge.l; M.5; P.S.l; Sp.l. McKenzie, Maud. 1 A. SO/Tl Marcos. 1707 Guadalupe St. Coronal Institute. E.1.II; Ge.1; G.AB.II; H.1; M.1.V. McKnight, Georgia. 1 A. Rockdale. McDonald Bldg. Rockdale High School. Ed.1,2; E.1.IV; F .AB;H.A.II. McLean, Marrs. 1 Jr. L. ShermOITI. University Hall. Austin College. McMurray, Leila Jess. 1 A. Henderson. 706 West. 22nd St. Henderson High School (Scholarship.) B.1; E.1.VII; M.1.II; Sp.AB.II. McWilliams, Walter Leander. 2 A. Mc(hegor. University Hall. McGregor High School. E.2.III; Ge.1; H.1,A.IV; M.2. *Deceased. NAME. HOME ADDRESS. AUSTIN ADDRESS. Nagle, John Robert. 1 A. Seguin. 2210 Guadalupe St. Blinn Memorial College (Scholarship). D.1; Eel; E.1.II; M.1.VI; P.1. Neathery, Samuel. 5 Jr. L. Farmersville. Phi Phi Phi House. Examination. Nelson, Joseph Edward. 1 A. Peden. 102 West 24th St. First Grade Certificate. E.1.II; H.2.II; M.1.V; P.1. Newell, George Stribling. 2 A. San Antonio. University Hall. West Texas Military Academy. C.2,3; E .1.V; G.AB.I; Sp.1.II. Newsome, Joe Anna. 1 A. Morgan. First Grade Certificate. B.l; E.1.IX; H .A.III; M.1.III; Sp.AB. Newsome, John Marvin. 4 Jr. L. Fort Worth. University Hall. Fort Worth Polytechnic College. 0.4; P.S.,2. Newton, Clara Ella. 2 A. Austin. 120 East 9th St. Austin High School. Ed.1,2; E.2.IV; H.2.II; L.2a,b. Newton, Lewis William. 1 A. Smithfield. 715 West 22! St. Fort Worth Polytechnic College. E.4; G.3; Gr.1; H.4; Sp.AB.I. Ne~ton, Samuel G., Jr. 1 Jr. L. San Antonio. 7Hi West 22! St. Examination. Nibbi, Charles John. 1 A. Mexico City, Mex. 2501 Nueces St. West Texas Military Academy (Scholarship). C.l; D.l; Ee.l ; E.l.II; G.1.I; M.l.VI. Nichols, Octavia. 3 A. Dallas. Grace Hall. Dallas High School. E.6,7; Gr.2; L.10; M.10; P.l; Sp.1,3. Niday, James Edmonson. 1 Sr. L. Houston. 202 East 14th St. M. A.,. National Normal University. Nixon, P. Ireland. 1 A. Luiing. University Hall. Luling High School (Scholarship). C.l; E.1.II; G.AB.II; L.2a,b. Nolan, Aldeline A. 1 A. Victoria. Cuero High School (Scholarship). C.1 ; E .2.I; G.AB.8,4; M.l .VI. Odom, George A. 1 A. Angus. University Hall. First Grade Certificate. G.AB.II; H .A.II ; 0.1.I; P.1. Oliphant, Janey. 1 A. A.ustin. Hyde Park. Whitis Avenue School (Scholarship). E.1.IV; Gr.AB; L.la,b.II; M.1.III. 01\phint, Ethel. 3 A. Waco.. 2403 Rio Grande St. Waco High School (Scholarship). E .8; F.1,5 ; Ge.l; Gr.AB; L.3,4. Oliver, Charles Sanders. 4 Jr. L. Houston. 2000 San Antonio St. Houston High School. Palm, Thomas Jefferson. 4 A. Round Rock. University Hall. Examination. D.4; Ee.4; G.AB.I. Palmer, Edward A. 1 A. Houston. 2006 University Ave. Princeton Entrance Examination. F.l; Gr.l; L .2a,b; M.l .VII; 0 .1.III. Pantermuehl, R. Charlemagne. 3 A. Smithson's Valley. University Hall. Sam Houston Normal. C.2,6; P.S.l; Z.l. Parker, Charles Justin. 1 A. Merit. University Hall. Grayson College. E.l.IX; G.AB.I ; H.4; M.1.V. Parker, Clara May. 1 A. Aubrey. 2204 Guadalupe St. First Grade Certificate. E.1.XII; G.AB.II; L.la,b.III; M.l.VII. Parker, William Rufus. 2 Sr. L. Lockhart. 102 West 14th St. B. S., B. A., National Normal University. Parrish, James Ross. 2 A. Corsicana. 800 West 22nd St. Special. D.2; Ee.2; M.4,8; P.l. Parrish, Lucian W. 1 A. .Toy. 2108 Pearl St. First Grade Certificate. Ed.1,2; E .l.VII; G.AB.II; H .A.I; M.1.IV. NAME. HOME ADDRESS. AUSTIN ADDRESS. Patteson, Tom Gray. 1 A. Cooper. 2002 Whitis Ave. E xamination. E.1.X; G.AB.I; H.1.II; M.1.VII. Paul, Charles Thomas. 2 A. San Angelo. University Hall. Special. E.2.II; H.2,5; 0.3; P.S.1. Peacock, Charles William. 3 A. Austin. 2715 Nueces St. Whitis Avenue School. C.11,2; D.2,3 ; Ge.4. Perkins, Charles Elijah. 2 Sr. L. Greewville. 2300 Rio Grande St. Grayson College. Perrenot, Ray Elizabeth. 3 A. Austin. 1900 Sabine St. Examination. Ed.lOa,b,c; F .AB; H .5; Sp.AB.l. Perrenot, Roy Murray. 3 A. Austin. 1900 Sabine St. Blind Institute (Scholarship). Ed.lOa,b,c; F.AB; H.5. Peterson, Ollie. 1 A. Austin. 23011 San Gabriel St. Austin High School. E.1.V; L.la,b.I; M.1.IV; Sp.AB.II. Petty, Katherine. 3 A. Orange. Grace Hall. Orange High School (Scholarship). Ed.10; E.9; Ge.1,7; H.A.1,1; Z.1. Pfeiffer, Carrie. 1 A. San Antonio. Grace Hall. San Antonio High School. E.1.VIII; Gr.1; H.2.II; L.la.IIl,b.II; M.1.11. Phelps, Louis Charles. 2 Jr. L. Houston. 1704 Congress Ave. Houston High School. 0.4. Phillipowski, Jacob Maurice. 2 A. Waco. 17th & Colorado Sts. Special. E.2.1,3; H.2; Ph.1; P.S.2. Phillips, Everett DeFau. 3 A. Cameron. 2711 Guadalupe St. Cameron High School. D.1; F.4; G.7; M.4; P.2,3. Pietzsch, Louis Robert, Jr. I A. East Bernard. Blinn Memorial College. C.1 ; E.1.XII; Ge.1; G.1.1; M.1.VII. Platt, Arthur. I Jr. L. Groveton. Peacock's School. Pool, Adrian. 2 A. Gollier. University Hall. First Grade Certificate. Ed.1,2; E.2.1; Ge.7; H.2.1; M.5; 0.2. Pope, Alexander. 2 A. Marshall. Phi Delta Theta H. Cole's Select School (Scholarship). E.2.II; G.AB.II; H.4; 0 .1.Ill; Sp.1.1. Pope, Walter Scott. 2 A. Santa Anna. University Hall. Examination. E.2.Il; H.1.11; L.la,b.II; 0.3; P.S.l. Porter, Clarence Milton. I A. Caldwell. University Hall. Thomas Arnold High School. C.1; E.1.V; L.la,b.111; M.1.1. Porter, Randon. 4 A. Houston. 2000 San AntonioSt. Houston High School. E.6,7; H.4; Ph.1; P.S.2; Sp.1.1. Porter, Ralph Alison. 2 Sr. L .. Llano. 110 West 19th St. Llano High School. 0.1. Potter, Eugene Watson. 2 A. Weatherford. 1934 San AntonioSt. Weatherford College. E.2.III; G.AB.11; Gr.1; H.2.1; L.2a,b. Powell, Benjamin Harrison. 5 Sr. L. Huntsville. 2300 Rio Grande St. Examination. 0 .6; H .5; Ph.1. Powell, Hallie L. 2 A. Baird. Grace Hall. Examination. D.3,4; E.2.II; M.4,8; Sp.l.I,3. Powell, William Jenner. 2 A. Albany. University hall. Examination. D.2; Ee.2; Ge.1; M.4,8; Sp.AB.I. Powell, William Peachum. 1 A. Huntsville. 2300 Rio Grande St. Huntsville H igh School (Scholarship). E .1.1 ; Ge.la; G.AB.II ; H .1.II; M.1.IV. Prather, Fanny K. 4 A. Austin. 1914 August St. Waco High School. F .3; E.3,7,9,16. NAME. HOME ADDRESS. AUSTIN ADDRESS. Prather, Grace. 3 A. Austin. 1914 August St. Waco High School. E.6,7,8; F.4; H. l;L.3,5. Prather, Wm. Lambdin, Jr. 6 Sr. L. Austin. 1914 August St. Waco High School. B. S., 1901. 0.4. Prendergast, Davis McGee. 2 Jr. L. Waco. 1807 Colorado St. Waco High School. Pritchett, Annie Holmes. 5 A. Huntsville. 1709 Congress Ave. Sam Houston Normal. G.1.I,4,7; Z.8,10,11. Pritchett, John Waller. 1 A. Huntsville. 1709 \Jongress Ave. Sam Houston Normal. D.1; Ee.I_; E.1.VI; G.AB.II; M.4a,b,8. Proctor, Alma. 3 A. Austin. Grace Hall. University Preparatory School. Ed.l,2,3,4;E.2.III,9; Ge.7; Sp.1.I. Prowse, Howard Emett. 1 ,Jr. L. Austin. State and King Sts. Austin Academy. Puckett, Sadie. 2 A. Austin. 50(1 W. 22nd St. First Grade Certificate. Ed.1,2; E.1.IX; Ge.1; Sp.1.II,3. Quaid, John Erskell. 2 A. Marlin. University Hall. Marlin High School. Ge.la; H.2.I; M.2; 0.3; P.S.6; Sp.AB.I. Quaid, Ora. 1 A. Marlin. 307 West 15th St. Marlin High School. E.1.XI; H.A.II; L.la,b.II;; M.1.IV. Radican, Nora Lee. 1 A. Italy. 2512 Rio Grande St. Sam Houston Normal. Ed.1,2; E.1.VIII ; Ge.1; H .A.III,1. Rainey, Robert Minter. 2 A. Sherman. University Hall. Sherman High School. E.2.III; Ge.1; G.AB.II; H.1; 0.1.I; P.S.1. Raley, Helen. 2 A. San Antonio. 2003 Guadalupe St. San Antonio High School. Ed.1,2,3,4; E.2.III,3; Sp.l.I. Ramsdell, Charles William. 3 A. Alvin. 2600 Whitis Ave. Thomas Arnold High School (Alumni Scholarship). G.2; H.5;· P.S.1,6; Sp.1.IL Ramsey, George D. 1 A. Knob. 102 West 24th St. Special. E.1.VIII; Ge.1; G.AB.II; M.1.IV; P.2. Randle, V. K. 1 A. · Gonzales. Colorado & 17th Sts. Peacock's School. C.1; E.1.IV; G.AB.I; M.1.VIL Raney, Vella V. 1 A. Wichita Falls. 100 East 2(1th St. Wichita Falls High School (Scholarship). B.1; Ed.1,2,3,4; E.1.VII ; H.A.II. Ranson, Joseph Hall. 3 A. Gonzales. University Hall. Gonzales High School (Scholarship). C.1; G.AB.II; Gr.2; L.3,4. Rasberry, Leon Earl. 2 A. Rockdale. 1714 Lavaca St. Rockdale High School. E.1.I; G.1.I; H.1,5 ; 0.1.II. Rather, Ethel Zivley. 5 A. Gonzales. 307 West 15th St. Gonzales High School (Scholarship). B.A., 1900. E.8; H.4,7; Sp.5. Rather, Roy Lamar. 1 A. Gonzales. b.II; M.1.VI. Rawlings, Emily. 4 A. Houston. Grace Hall. Houston High School. C.1; Ed.3; E.2.IV; G.1.II; Gr.4; H.4. Rector, Thompson Morris. 2 A. Bastrop. Bastrop High School. E.2.I; G.1.I; M.1.III; 0 .1.I; P.1. Reed, Nathan.Edward. 2 A. Tilman. First Grade Certificate. E.2.II; G.AB.II; H.3; M.1.I; 0 .1.II. Reynolds, James Robert. 1 A. Weldon. Sam Houston Normal. E.1.XII; Gel; H.l.II; M.l.VII. Reynolds, Joe M. 2 A. Albany. 202 East 24th St. Examination. E.1,2; H.A; M.4,5; Sp.1. NAME. HOME ADDRESS. AUSTIN ADDRESS. Rhea, John Edwin. 3 A. McKinney. 1403 Colorado St. Trinity University. E.2.IV; M.1.lll; 0.1.l; Sp.AB.II. Rhine, Florence Rebekah. 1 A. Bonham. 210 West 27th St. Special. E.1.lll; Sp.AB.III. Rhodius, Herbert Udo. 2 A. San Antonio. University Hall. Examination. D.1; Ee.2; Ge.1; M.4,8. Rhome, Romulus J. 2 Sr. L. Fort Worth. S. Antonio &24thSts. Agricultural and Mechanical C ollege, B. S. Rice, Mary Virginia. 2 A. Dallas. 2601 UniversityAve. Examination. B.1; E.2.ll; F.1; Gr.1; L.2a,.b,5. Richey, Robert Augustus. 4 A. Palestine. University Hall. Palestine High School. B.1,7 ,8; G.1.I; H.3,6. Richter, Lettie E. 1 A. Fredericksburg. 809 Rio Grande St. First Grade Certificate. C.1; Ed.1,2,3,4; G.4; M.1.I. Rigby, Leonard Frank. 2 A. Rosebud. University Hall. First Grade Certificate. C.1; M.4c,d; P.2,3; P.S.1; Z.2,3,4,9. Ring, Robert W. 2 A. Houston. 716 West 22~ St. Washington and Lee University. E.1.III,3; H.4,5; Ph.1. Robertson, Albert Duke. 2 A. Denison. University Hall. Denison High School. E.2.l; H .1.I; 0.1; P.S.1; Sp.1.I. Robertson, Hugh R. 1 Jr. L. Del Rio. 1911 Wichita St. Special. 0.1; Ph.lb. Robertson, John Ben. 4 A. Austin. P. 0. Box 15. Special. E.2.II; 0.3; Ph.la,c; P.S.1; Z.6. Robertson, Lee. 1 A. Big Valley. 2110 August St. Special. E.1.Xll; H.1; M.1.Ill; 0.1.l. Robertson, Luke Craten. 3 A. Austin. 2108 Pearl. Peacock's School. C.2; E.2.lll; G.7; M.4; P.S.1. Robertson, Robert Angus. 1 A. Bonham. 2416 Guadalupe St. Special. Ed.1,2,3,4; E.1.X; H.2.ll,A.lll; M.1.I. Robinson, Ernest Gordon. 1 A. Mart. University Hall. Waco High School. E.1.Xl; L.la,b.IV; M.1.V; Sp.AB.Ill. Robinson, James Lee. 3 A. Palestine. 2504 Rio Grande St. Palestine High School. C.1; F.4; Ge.1; G.AB.I; Z.2,3,4. Rocha, Gretchen. 2 A. San Antonio. Grace Hall. San Antonio High School. Ed.5; E.6,7; G.4; H.3; M.1.ll; Sp.1.1,3. Rogers, Mary Louise. 1 A. Austin. 901 East 8th St. Austin High School. E.1.I; Ge.1; H.1; L.la.I,b.ll; M.1.lll. Romberg, John Conrad. 1 Jr. L. Black Jack Springs. Cor. State & King. Special. 0.1. Roos, Emanuel. 2 Sr. L. Schulenburg. 708 West 22nd St. St. Edwards College. Rose, John Henry. 2 A. Detroit. University Hall. First Grade Certificate. E.3; Gr.1; H.A.l; 0.1.lll; P.1. Rosenfield, Bella C. 2 A. Tyler. 2709 Rio Grande St. Tyler High School. Ed.1,2; E.2.lll; Ge.1; G.1.l,4; H.A.ll. Ross, George. 2 A. Mexia. 715 West 22~ St. Mexia High School. E.2.I; G.AB.ll; M.4; P.1. Rowe, Mabel Clair. 3 A. Austin. 2001 August St. Examination. E.2.ll; H.2; M.1.l; P.1. Roy, Addie May. 3 A. Austin. South Austin. Austin High School. Ed.5; E.2.I; H.1,2.I; M.6; Sp.2. NAME. HOME ADDRESS. AUSTIN ADDRESS. Roy, J essie Bertha. 3 A. Austin. South Austin. Austin High School. Ed.5; H.1; M.2,3; Sp.2. Russell, Angus T. 4 Sr. L. Nat. 2108 Pearl St. First Grade Certificate. Russell, Frederick Deming. 3 A. Comanche. 2300 Rio Grande St. Examination. E.2.11 ; M.4,8; P.1; P.S.6. Rutherford, Milton Brown. 1 A. San Antonio. 1712 Lavaca St. Special. 0 .1,2,3,4,5; Ph.1,6b. Rutledge, Elsie Mary. 1 A. Austin. Hyde Park. Austin High School. Ed.1; E.1.I; Ge.1; L.a,b.I; M.1.IV. Ryburn; Francis Marion. 1 A. Cresson. 715 West 22! St. First Grade Certificate. E.1.V; H.1; M.1.I; 0.1.I; Sp.AB.II. Sagebiel, Herman H. 1 Jr. L. Fredericksburg. 307 East 15th St. Special. P.S.15. Saffarans, T. Garrett. 1 A. Lockhart. 1405 Colorado St. Examination. D.1; Ee.1; E.1.VI; M.1.VI; Sp.AB.II. Sampson, Frank Watkins. 2 A. Austin. 1312 East 9th St. Austin College. D.2; Ee.2; E.1.IX; M.4,8. Sampson, Fred F. 4 A. Cameron. 21st & Whitis Ave. Cameron High School. E.2.III; H.3,5; P.S.1; Sp.2,3. Samuell, Joel J. 3 Sr. L. Dallas. 106 West 17th St. Georgetown College, Ky. Sanders, Edwin Davis. 2 A. Austin. 2101 San Gabriel St. Examination. E.2.11; G.AB.11; M.2; P.1; Sp.AB.III. Sanders, Nelle May. 1 A. Austin. 2101 San Gabriel St. Austin High School. E.1.Xll; Ge.1; H.A.III; M.1.VII; Sp.AB.II. Sappington, Lucy Mary. 3 A. Austin. 2912 San Pedro St. Austin High School. Ed.5; Ge.3; G.4; H.1; Sp.AB.III. Sauer, Emil. 3 A. Lange. 108 West 16th St. First Grade Certificate. F.4; H.4,5; L.la,b.II; P.S.6. Saul, Laura Marie. 1 A. Sherman. Grace Hall. Sherman High School. Ed.1,2; E.1.X; Ge.1; L.la,b.IV; M.1.VII. Sayle, William Erving. 2 Sr. L. Commerce. 2210 Guadalupe St. Special. 0.3. Schultz, Minnie Amanda. 1 A. Seguin. 1304 Lavaca St. Seguin High School. E.1.I; G.2; H.A.11; M.1.I; Sp.AB.1. Scott, C. F. 2 Jr. L. Athens. 2210 Guadalupe St. Bruce Academy. Searcy, Katherine Andrews. 2 A. Brenham. Grace Hall. Mulholland School (Scholarship). Ed.1,2,3,4; E.2.II; F.5; Gr.5; H.1,5. Searcy, Seth Shepperd. 4 Jr. L. Brenham. :!008 Lampasas St. San Antonio Academy (Scholarship). Sergeant, George W. 1 Jr. L. Dallas. University Hall. Dallas High School. P.S.15. Sewall, Cleveland. 2 Sr. L. Houston. 1910 August St. University of the South. 0.3. Sewall, Roy Calvin. 1 Jr. L. Sherman. 2102 Pearl St. Austin College. Shaw, Thad. 2 A. Austin. 2501 Nueces St. Austin Academy. E.2.I; Gr.1; H.1,2.I ; Sp.AB.II. Shaw; William Gill. 2 A. Austin. 2501 Nueces St. Examination. E.2.I; G.AB.I; H.2.II; P.S.1; Sp.1.I,3. NAME. HOME ADDRESS. AUSTIN ADDRESS. Shelby, Thomas Hall. 1 .A. Vernon. Treasury Depar't. Vernon High School (Scholarship). C.1; E.1.IV; G.AB.I; M.1.l. Shell, Finis Ewing. 1 Jr. L. Aspermont. 2108 Pearl St. First Grade Certificate. Shipe, Columbus .Annie. 2 .A. Annona. 611 West 22nd St. Examination. C.2,3; E.2.I; G.AB.I; H .A.II. Sheppard, .Annie Enola. I .A. Buda. Hyde Park. University Preparatory School. E.1.VII; G.1.II; H.1; L.la,b.III;M.1.III. Sheppard, John L., Jr. 1 .A. Tea:arkana. University Hall. Wall School. E.1.I; Gr.1; L.la,b.II; M.1.IV. Shipp, W. F. 1 Jr. L. 2206 Guadalupe St. Sam Houston Normal Institute. Shuddemagen, Conrad L. B. 4 .A. Sabinal. University Hall. Examination (Alumni Prize Scholarship). D.l; H.1; L.7; M.14; P.4,5,6. Shuddemagen, Lily Clara. I .A. Sabinal. 309 East 11th St. Examination (Alumni Prize Scholarship). D.1; H .1; L.7; M.14; P.4,5,6. Simkins, Mary Helen. 3 .A. Austin. S . .Antonio &2lstSts. St. Mary's College. E.2.II,6,7; G.1.I; H .A.I. Simkins, Ormond. 1 Jr. L. Austin. S . .Antonio &2lstSts. B. A., University ot the South. Simonds, .Anna Wood. 1 .A. Austin. 208 East 24th St. Whitis Avenue School. E.1.IX; Ge.1; G.1.II,4; M.1.II. Simpson, James .Albert. 3 .A. Kurten. University Hall. Examination. D.1; F.4; M.9; P.2,3,4. Sims, Orlando L. 3 .A. Paint Rock. 2504 Rio Grande St. San Angelo High School (Scholarship). D.1; Ee.1,2; M.4,8. Sinclair, John Lang. 3 .A. San Antonio. Millet Mansion. Examination. E.4,7,8,16; H.5; P.S.1; Sp.AB.I. Singleton, .Albert 0. 2 .A. Waa:ahachie. Kappa Sigma H'se. Waxahachie High School. E.1.II; H .1; M.4; 0.1.Il. Smith, .Andrew Raymond. 2 .A. Austin. Hyde Park. Examination. Ge.1; G.1.I; H.1.II; P.1. Smith, Carl Gibson. 2 .A. Jacksonville. 1511 Colorado St. Special. B.7; E.2.III,3; G.AB.I; H.3; 0 .1.II. Smith, Cecil Hiawatha. 4 .A. Georgetown. 2300 Rio Grande St. Cameron High School. C.2; F.4; Ge.1; P.1. Smith, Claude Octavius. 2 .A. Maysfield. University Hall. Thomas Arnold High School. Ed.1,2,3,4; 0 .1.I; Sp.AB.II. Smith, George Wallace. 1 .A. Corpus Christi. 2005 Guadalupe St. Corpus Christi High School. D.1; Ee.1; E.1.I; Ge.1; M.1.III; P.1. Smith, Jack Morgan. 3 .A. Austin. 600 Davis St. Whitis Avenue School. C.2,3; F .1; M.9; P.2,3. Smith, Mrs. M. M. 1 .A. Austin. 2408 Nueces St. Special. Sp.AB.II. Smith, Mattie Mae. 2 .A. Au.stin. 800 West 22nd St. Whitis Avenue School. Ed.1,2,3,4; E.2.II; G.2; H.2.II. Smith, Oran. 1 .A. Stephenville. 2110 Guadalupe St. Special. E .1.I; G.AB.Il; H.1; M.1.V; 0 .1.l. Smith, Plumer. 1 .A. Jacksonville. First Grade Certificate. D.1; Ee.1; E.1.VI; M.1.VI; Sp.AB.II. Smith, William D. 1 .A. A1tthon. 1934 San .AntonioSt. Weatherford College. E .2.III; G.AB.II; Gr.l; L.2a,b; 0.1.1. NAHE. HOME ADDRESS. AUSTIN ADDRESS. Smith, Mabel Ida. 1 A. Austin. Westlin and 9th Sts. Austin High School. E.1.I; G.l.I,4; M.1.III; Sp.AB.1. Smither, Harriet. 2 A. Georgetown. 307 W. 15th St. First Grade Certificate. Ed.5; E .2.IV ; Ge.la; G.AB.I; H .A.I,3. Snow, Emma Elsie. 2 A. Austin. 1901 Red River St. Certificate of admission to the University of Missouri. E.2.II; Ge.2; Gr.AB; L.3; M.1.III; L.2b. Sodekson, Eva Miriam. 4 A. Mineola. Grace Hall. Mineola High School. E.9; G.2,3,4; L.5. Solomon, Raphael V. 2 Jr. L. LaGrange. 2010 UniversityAve. Special. Spurgin, Archie Maurice. 3 A. Dallas. 104 East 24th St. University of Texas, Medical Department. E.2.I; F.4; Ph.7,6b; Z.9,11. Standlee, Morgan. 1 A. Growell. 102 West 24th St. Quanah High School (Scholarship). E.1.II; H.A.II; L.la,b.I; M.1.II. Stanley, Henry Austin. 3 A. Corsicana. 102 West 24th St. Ottawa University, Kansas. Ed.3,4; G.4,7; P.S.1; Z.5. Stansell, Jay Augustus. 2 Sr. L. Hubbard City. 2004 Wichita St. Special. Starnes, John Perry. 3 A. Forney. University Hall. Lewis Academy (Scholarship). D.3; Ee.3; E.1.IX; Sp.AB.II. Starr, Franklin Jefferson Davis. 3 A. Marshall. 1903 San AntonioSt. Marshall High School. D.2; Ee.2; M.4,8; P.1; Sp.AB. Stedman, Mary Willis. 1 A. Palestine. Grace Hall. Palestine High School. E.2.I,7,8; L.2a,b; Sp.AB.I. Stephens, Walker. 2 A. Temple. University Hall. Temple High School. E.1.VII,2.III; G.1.I; H.2.II; 0.1.I. Stocking, Roy M. 1 A. Clarendon. University Hall. Fort Worth University. C.l; E.l.XII; G.AB.II; H.4; M.4. Stephenson, John Dudley. 2 Sr. L. Hillsboro. 2006 University Ave First Grade Certificate. 0 .3. Stolley, Anita. 1 A. Austin. 200 East 30th St. Special. F.AB; H.A.II. Stone, Hugh Lamar. 1 A. Corsicana. 1500 Congress Ave. Agricultural and Mechanical College. E.l.I; H.3 ; L .la,b.I ; M.1.IV. Storey, Willie Gertrude. 1 A. Austin. 307 West 19th St. Special. H.l. Stramler, Allen Pinckney. 2 A. Stephenville. 2108 Pearl St. John Tarleton College. E.2.III,4; G.2; H.3; Ph.1; P.S.1. Strong, Frank A. 2 A. Austin. 1505 Colorado St. Belton High School. E.1.IX; G.AB.I,4; H.A.I; 0.1.III. Summerfield, Douglas W. 4 A. Oak Oliff. 2010 August St. Oak Cliff High School. E.6,7; Ph.lai P.S.1,5,9. Su=erfield, Nellie. 3 A. Oak Oliff. 2104 Nueces St. Examination. E.6,7; F.1,5; G.AB.II; H.3; L.2a,b. Sutton, Herbert Hill. 1 A. Austin. 112 West 18th St. Examination. C.1; E.1.I; G.AB.II; M.1.IV. Swenson, John Robert. 1 A. Olivia. University Hall. B. A., University of Denver. M.4; Z.1; Ed.6,7,8; Ph.6a,b,c. Swindall, Annie Adelia. 2 A. Terrell. South Austin. First Grade Certificate. E.3; G.AB.I; H.3,4,5. 8-R NAME. HOME ADDRESS. AUSTIN ADDRESS. Talley, Crystal. 2 A. Kerens. 1905 University.Ave. Examination. C.1; E.1.II; Gr.1; H.1; M.2. Tankersley, Jack. 1 A. Gatesville. HI06 Brazos St. Gatesville High School (Scholarship). E.1.III; G.AB.II; M.1.VI; P.1. Taylor, Paschal Blackwell. 1 A. Austin. 119 West 9th St. Agricultural and Mechanical College. C.1; D.1; Ee.1; E.1.II; M.1.VI; P.1; Sp.AB.II. Teagarden, Louise. 2 A. Austin. 217 West 8th St. Austin High School. C.1; E.1.VII; Ge.1; G.2; M.5. Terrell, Chester H. 2 Jr. L. San Antonio. University Hall. San Antonio Academy. P.S.16. Thomas, Patrick Henry. 1 A. Gause. 2206 Guadalupe St. Calvert High School. C.1; E.1.Xll; H.1.11; Sp.AB.III. Thompson, Charles A. 3 A. Abilene. Abilene High School. D.2; Ee.2; E.1.IX; M.4,8; P.1. Thomson, Fred M. 2 A. Lockhart. 1704 Congress Ave. Examination. Ed.1,2; E.l.IX,2.1; Gr.1; H.A.11; L.2a,b. Thomson, Thaddeus William. 2 A. Ballinger. University Hall. Examination. B.1,7; E.2.IV; Ge.1; G.1.II; H.A.11. Thompson, Joe H. 1 Jr. L. Whitewright. 2004 Wichita St. B. A., Grayson College. 0 .1. Thornton, Helen Wooten. 3 A. Austin. 1501 Colorado St. Whitis Avenue School. Ed.1,2; E.2.111 ; Ge.2,3; G.2,4; H .2. Thrasher, Kyril McKay. 3 Jr. L. Austin. Austin Academy. 0 .1. Throop, William Neblett. 1 A. Austin. 807 West 22nd St. Austin Academy. D.1; Ee.1; G.AB.I ; M.1.VI. Tingle, Gladys Elizabeth. 1 A. Wamahachie. 307 West 15th St. Waxahachie High School (Scholai:shlp). E.1.11; Gr.AB; L.la.l,b.II; M.1.11. Tipton, Fatie. 1 A. Troupe. 2206 Guadalupe St. Troupe High School (Scholarship). B.1; E.1.XI; G.AB.11; H.1.11; M.1.III; 0.1. Titus, Aime Baxter. 1 A. San Diego, Gal. 310 West 9th St. San Diego (Cal.) High School. E.1.IV; M.1.11; Sp.1.1. Townes, Anna C. 3 A. Austin. 2700 Rio Grande St. Whitis Avenue School (Scholarship). Ed.1,2; E.6,7,9; F.AB; H.2.1; M.5. Trawick, Ethel Warthen. 2 A. Waco. Grace Hall. Waco High School (Scholarship). E.2.Ill; Gr.1; H.A.111; L.2a,b.10. Trilling, Florence Adelaide. 1 A. Clarksville. 2506 Whitis Ave. Clarksville High School. E.1.Vll; F.AB; H.1.11; M.1.11. Trippett, Horace E. 2 Jr. L. Wamahachie. University Hall. Waxahachie High School. P.S.15. True, Walter J. 2 Sr. L. Graham. 2408 Nueces St. First Grade Certificate. E.1.VII; 0.3. Tucker, Zuma Lee. 1 A. Austin. Brownwood High School (Scholarship). Ap.M.1; E.1; G.AB.I; Gr.AB. Turner, Harvey Allan. 1 Jr. L. Henderson. Phi Delta Theta H Emory and Henry Coilege. Tyler, Wallace. 2 A. Belton. 2000 San AntonioSt. Belton High School (Scholarship). C.1; E.1.III; M.1.Vll; P.1. Usener, Herman. 1 Jr. L. Fredericksburg. 1501 Colorado St. Sam Houston Normal. Vann, William Walter. 3 A. Kerrville. University HalL Kerrville High School. D.3; Ee.3; E.1.IX; Sp.AB.II. NAME. HOME ADDRESS. AUSTIN ADDRESS. Vernon, Willie Crook. 2 A. Bazette. 1714 Lavaca St. First Grade Certificate. Vinson, Brice. 1 A. E.2.III; G.1.I; H .1; M.2,3; Sherman. P.1. 1312 East 9th St Sherman High School. Wagner, I. Edwin. 3 A. Henrietta High School. Walden, Epsie. 1 A. E.1.IV; L .la,b.Il; M.1.I. Newport. D.1; Ee.1,2; M.8; Sp.AB.I. Oak Giiff. University Hall. 1808 Congress Ave. Oak Cliff High School (Scholarship). E.1.Il; Gr.AB; M.1.II; Sp.AB.II. Walker, George Pinckney. 1 Jr. L. Centre Point. 2501 Nueces St. West Texas Military Academy. Walker, Hallie Devalance. 3 A. Austin. Hyde Park. Austin High School (Scholarship). E.2.III,4; G.1.II; H.3; L.2a,b. Walker, James Gathings. 1 A. Austin. 1203 East Avenue. Austin High School (Scholarship). D.1; Ee.1; E.1.VI; M.1.VI; Sp.AB.II. Walker, Lillian Jessie. 1 A. Austin. 1300 West Avenue. Austin High School. E.1.X; F.AB; H.A.III; M.1.III. Walker, Newman C. 2 A. San Saba. 2510 Whitis Ave. San Saba School. E.l.VIII; H.4,5; M.2; Sp.AB.I. Walthall, James DuBose. 2 Sr. L. San Antonio. 2304 San AntonioSt. Examination. Wallace, Charles Davis. 1 A. Kyle. 2110 August St. Agricultural and Mechanical College. E.1.V; H.5; M.1.III; 0.1.I; P.S.2. Wall, Dick Parker. 1 A. Honey Grove. 1934 San AntonioSt. Wall School (Scholarship). E.1.Il; Gr.1; L.la,b.I; M.1.III. Wall, Maxie Hill. 1 A. Honey Grove. 1934 San AntonioSt. Wall School. E.1.11; Gr.1; L.la,b.I; M.1.III. Ward, Royal A. 1 A. Midlothian. 1511 Colorado St. Special. D.1; Ee.1; Ge.l; M.1.II. Ware, Senter Lee. 1 A. Honey Grove. 1934 San AntonioSt. Wall School. E.1.II; Gr.1; H.1; L.la,b.I ; M.1.III. Warren, James Edward. 1 Jr. L. Joshua. 715 West 22! St. Fort Worth Polytechnic College. Washington, Walter Owen. 3 A. Del Valle. 2004 Nueces St. First Grade Certificate. D.3; Ee.3; Ge.1; Sp.AB.II. Wathen, James Wickliffe. 1 A. Dallas. 2102 Guadalupe St. Cole's Classical School (Scholarship). D.1; Ee.1; E.1.VI; M.1.VI; Sp.AB.II. Watkins, John Edward. 2 A. San Antonio. Special. D.1; E .1.XI; M.4; P.1; Sp.AB.III. Watkins, Warner George. 2 A. Eagle Pass. University Hall. Examination. D.2; Ee.2; M.4,8; P.1. Watson, Joel Franklin, Jr. 2 A. Mt. Vernon, Ill. 916 West 22! St. Mt. Vernon High School. E.2.III; G.1.I; H.5; L.2a; P.S.1. Watson, Rembert Gary. 2 Jr. L. Waxahachie. 1403 Colorado St. Waxahachie High School. 0.1; E.III; P.S.1. Webb, John G. 2 A. Edna. 800 West 22nd dt. C.1; E .1.I; G.AB.I; P.2,3. Weisberg, Alexander Franklin. 3 A. Waco. University Hall. Waco High School. E.3; G.1; H.3; P.S.2,6; Z.2,3,4. Welker, L. Will. 3 A. San Antonio. University Hall. San Antonio High School. E.7,8,16; G.1.II; H.3; Ph.lb,c; P.S.1. Welborn, Marvin Curtis. 4 A. Terrell. 712 West 23rd St. Terrell High School. C.1; D.4; Ee.4; M.4b,8. NAME. HOME ADDRESS. AUSTIN ADDRESS. Weller, Clarence William. 2 A. Austin. 2300 Gualalupe St Austin Academy. E.1.I; Gr.1,5; L.2; M.1.V. Wells, Boyd. 2 A. Austin. 710 West 19th St. Austin High School. D.1; Ee.1; E.1.I; M.4; Sp.AB.I. West, Pearl. 2 A. Calvert. Grace Hall. Calvert High School (Scholarship). E.2.II; H.A.II; L.2a; M.2; Sp.AB.III. West, Ruby. 2 A. Calvert. Grace Hall. Calvert High School. E.2.II; Gr.1; L.2a; M.2; Sp.AB.III. Weyerman, Charles. 1 A. Austin. 1215 Newton St. Austin High School. E.1.I ; G.1.I; H .A.III; M.1.III. Whaling, Horace Morland. 4 A. Huntsville. Millet Mansion. Examination. E.2.III; M.10; P.2,3; P.S.1. Whatley, James .Monroe. 2 Sr. L. Cotton Gin. Mexia High School. White, James Bowie. 1 A. Bellville. 1911 Wichita St. Special. D.1; Ee.1; E.1.II; M.1.VI; P.1. White, Percy Sims. 1 A. Bonham. University Hall. Bonham High School. E.1.VIII; H.A.III; M.1.VI; Sp.AB.III. White, Emily Rebecca. 1 A. Waco. 702 Lavaca St. Waco High School. E .1.V; G.AB.I ;H .A.I ; M.l.III. Whiteaker, Robert Orlando. 1 A. Sherman. Sherman High School. E.1.IV; H.A.II; M.1.VII; Sp.AB.I; Z.6. Whitehand, Effie Endora. 1 A. Austin. First Grade Certificate. B.1; Ed.3,4; E.1.X; H.2.I,3. Wharton, Lang. 1 A. Dallas. 2102 Nueces St. Oak Cliff High School. !<'.AB; H .3; P.S.1. Wickline, George Grover. 2 A. Duffau. 2006 Wichita St. John Tarleton College. D.2; Ed.2,3; Ge.1. Wilcox, Rufus Chauncey. 1 A. Beaumont. Special. D.1; Ee.1; M.1.II; P.1. Wild, Edmund. 5 A. Lindenau. 2206 Guadalupe St. Special. Ph.5,6a,b,7. Wiley, James Early. 2 Sr. L. Lockhart. University Hall. West Texas Military Academy. Wilkerson, Emmett Lee. 1 A. Corsicana. 1500 Congress Ave. Corsicana High School. E.1.I ; H.3; L.la,b.I; M.1.IV. Williams, Hugh Kelly. 2 A. Terryville. 2108 Pearl St. First Grade Certificate. C.1; Ed".3,4; E.2.II; Ge.1; M.2. Williams, Minnie. 1 A. Greenville. 307 West 15th St. Greenville High School (Scholarship). E.1.I; H.1.II; L.la.I,b.II; M.1.IV. Willis, George Pleasant. 1 Jr. L. Edna. 501 West 19th St. First Grade Certificate. Wilson, Katie. 4 A. A. itstin. 311 East 24th St. Austin High School. B.1; Ed.5; Ge.1; G.4; H.A.III; P.1. Wilson, Whitney Weatherby. l A. Alvin. 2001 San AntonioSt. Examination. D.1; Ee.1; E.1.VI; M.1.VI; Sp.AB.II. Winkler, Charles Herman. 3 A. The Grove. 2206 Guadalupe St. Agricultural and Mechanical College. B.5; F.4; P.1; P.S.1. Winn, Clyde Fleetwood. 2 Sr. L. Waxahachie. University Hall. Ph. B., Baylor University. 0.3. Wise, William L. 2 Sr. L. Venus. 2108 Pearl St. First Grade Certificate. NAME. HOME ADDRESS. AUSTIN ADDRESS. Witt, Charles Eugene. 5 Sr. L. Bartlett. Phi Delta Theta H. Thomas Arnold High School. Witt, Edgar Ernest. 5 Sr. L. Bartlett. Phi Delta Theta H. Thomas Arnold High School. B. A., 1901. Witt, Guy Ferguson. 3 A. Bartiett. S. Antonio&23rdSts. Examination. C.3; F.AB; G.7; P.S.1; Z.9. Witt, Marcus Kay. 1 A. Moody. 102 West 24th St. Thomas Arnold High School. D.1; Ee.1; E.1.II; M.4; P.1. Womack, Daisy Dell. 2 A. Austin. 808 East 23rd St. Austin High School. Ed.1,2; E.2.III; H.A.III; L.2a,b,10; Sp.1,1. Wood, Josh Powell. 1 A. Austin. Hyde Park. Special Ed.1,2; E.1.XI; H .1.1; Sp.AB.III. Worley, John Lewis. 3 A. Dallas. Cole's Select School (Scholarship). Gr.1; H.3,4; L.2a,b; P.S.1. Woulfe, Marie Louise. 2 A. Angleton. 2307 San AntonioSt. Examination. E .2.111; F.1; Ge.1; G.AB.II; P.1. Wright, Evelyn Bell. 4 A. Austin. 404 West 11th St. Western College, Ohio. Gr.2,6; L.4,5; M.6; P.1. Wright, George Spencer. 4 A Brenham. University Hall. Brenham High School (Scholarship). Ge.1; P.1; P.S.6,9,10,11. Wright, William Odie. 2 A. Stephenville. University Hall. Special. Ap.M.4; Ge.2,7; G.1.1,4; M.5,7,8. Wynne, Mae S. 2 A. Huntsville. 250!! Whitis Ave. Huntsville High School. E.2.111,3; Ge.3; H.A.II; Sp.AB.I. Yeidel, Chic. 1 A. Gainesville. 2007 Whitis Ave. Gainesville High School (Scholarship). E.1.III; G.AB.I,4; H.A.II; M.1.1. Young, William F. 1 Jr. L. Fort Worth. University Hall. Fort Worth Polytechnic College. 0.1. York, Minnie Lee. 2 A. Ganado. 2510 Whitis Ave. Examination. Ed.1,2,3,4; E.1.IX; H.A.111; Sp.AB.11,3. The University Record. [December, AFFILIATED SCHOOLS. [After the name of each school are added letters indicating the subjects in which the school is affiliated. Then are given the names of the teachers and the graduates of the school now in the Main University.] ABILENE HIGH SCHOOL, ABILENE: E., H., M., L. F. W. Chatfield, M. A., Superintendent: Latin and Literature. W. W. Lackey, Principal: Latin, Science. N. W. Lowrance, B. S.: History, Mathematics. J. S. Smith: :b:nglish, History. L. Hill. C. A. Thompson. * * * ALEXANDER COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE, JACKSONVILLE: E., H., M., L., GR. E. R. Williams, A. M., President. E. L. Johnson, M.A. Mrs. E. Walker-Bell: Music. A. B. Cole. * * * ALLEN ACADEMY, BRYAN: E., H., M., L., GR., GER. J H. Allen, Principal: Mathematics. R. 0. Allen, B. A., B. S., Principal: English, Latin, Science. J. T. Truitt, M. A.: Ancient and Modern Languages. W. M. Board, A. B.: Greek, Latin, History. J. D. Grant. * * AUSTIN ACADEMY, AUSTIN: E., H., M. J. Stanley Ford, B. A., M. A., Principal: Ancient Languages, English, History, Mathematics, Modern Languages. W. L. Cook, Assistant: English, German, Greek, History, Latin, Mathe­matics. B. W. Baker. G. L. Gray. tr. Z. Lee. J. M. Boring. J. E. Hackett. H. B. Matthews. C. K. Burns. J.E. Horn. H. E. Prowse. J. R. Clendenning. C. H. Johnson. T. Shaw. J. C. S. Eckhardt. J. C. Kerbey. K. M. Thrasher. G. B. Finley. A. P. King. W. N. Throop. W. E. Giesen. C. W. Weller. 1902.] The University .Record. AUSTIN HIGH SCHOOL, AUSTIN: E., H., M ., L. T. G. Harris, B. A., M.A., Superintendent. J. E. Pearce, B. A., M. A., Principal: History. Miss A. Blackburn: Geography, History, Mathematics. Miss A. Ellis: Civics, History. Miss E. Graves, B. Lit.: Composition. Miss N. Hill, B. Lit.: English. Miss H. Hornsby, B. Lit.: German. P. T. Miller: Science. Miss F. Ottley, B. A. : Latin. Miss M. Reilly: Geography. Miss J . Sayers: Mathematics. B. F. Sisk, M. S.: English Grammar. Miss M. Smith, B. Lit., M. A. : English. Miss W. Smith: Literature, Reading. Miss P. Trueblood: Mathematics. [The above list includes teachers of seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth grades. From the seventh grade upward, the department plan obtains.] Miss M. A. Austin. Miss A. H. Garrison. Miss C. E. Newton. E. S. Blackburn. Miss C. L. Harris. Miss 0. Peterson. N. T. Blackburn. Miss T. Harris. Miss M. L. Rogers. Miss W. A. Blackburn. Miss A. Harrison. Miss A. M. Roy. W. P . Brady. C. W. Hill. Miss J . B. Roy. Miss A. V. Carman. Miss M. A. Hopkins. Miss E. M. Rutledge. Miss R. R. Cloud. Miss A. Johnson. Miss N. M. Sanders. Miss 0. Crane. Miss K. Johnson. Miss L. M. Sappington. Miss I. S. Culley. Miss M. P. Jones. Miss M. I. Smith. Miss N. L. Dancy. H. W. Key. Miss L. Teagarden. 0. J. S. Ellingson. 0. F. Kuehne. Miss H. D. Walker. Miss M. F. Fiegel. C. E. Leonard. J . G. Walker. W. A. Fiegel. Miss F. P. Lewis. Miss L. J. Walker. H. H. Finch. Miss M. E. Littman. H. Wells. H. H. Fox. Miss A. N. Megee. 0. Weyerrnan. Miss I. S. FrischmeyE>r. Miss J. Megee. Miss K. Wilson. S. R. Fulmore. :Miss M. L. Megee. Miss D. D. Womack. .Hiss M. C. Mc0ombs. * * * BALL HIGH SCHOOL, GALVESTON: E., H., M., L., GR., FR., GER., SP. J. W. Hopkins, A. B., A. M., Superintendent. H. H. Ransom, Principal: Greek, History. Miss H. Beal: Assistant in English. Miss L. Cambeilh : French, Spanish. W. A. James, M.A.: Science. Miss L. Quarles: English. F. 0. Schub, Pli. D.: German, Latin. P. H. Underwood: Mathematics. Miss F. E. Bartholomew. Miss G. N. Houlahan. Miss F. N. Lasker. Miss C. L. Fonda. M. Kleberg. S. J. Maas. Miss E. Lasker. * * * BASTROP HIGH SCHOOL, BASTROP: E., H·., M., L. J. C. Edmonds, M. A., Superintendent: Algebra, Geometry. Miss K. Hassell, L. I., Principal: Arithmetic, Civics, History. Miss B. Jones: Geography, Latin, Physics. Miss L. Miller: English Grammar, Literature, Rhetoric. Miss K. B. Jenkins. T. M. Rector. * * * BEAUMONT HIGH. SCHOOL, BEAUMONT: E., H., M. B. F. Pettus, Superintendent. Miss E. M. Johnson, A. B.: History, Mathematics. R. F. Nichols, A. M.: Science. Miss C. Willis, A. M.: English, Latin. A. L. Calhoun. * * * BEEVILLE HIGH SCHOOL, BEEVILLE: E., H., M. W. E. Madderra, B. S., Superintendent: English Literature, Geometry, History, Latin, Physics, Rhetoric, Trigonometry. W. A. Francis, A. B., Principal: Algebra, American Literature, Greek, History, Psychology. J. R. Beasley. R. J. Beasley. J. R. Kubala. Miss D. M. Gilliam. * * * BELTON ACADEMY, BELTON: E., H., M., L., GR. R. A. Nichols, A. B., Principal: Mathematics~ Science, Philosophy. Hiram C. Roy: History and lower branches. Miss Catherine M. Williams, A. B.: English, Latin. Miss F. M. Brown. W. M. Ellison. F. A. Strong. R. R. Elliott. V. H. Hamblen. W. Tyler. 190~.] The University Record. BLINN MEMORIAL COLLEGE, BRENHAM: E., H., M., GEB., C., P. J. Pluenneke, B. S., President: German, Theology. Mrs. I. Harris: Harmony, Organ, Piano. J. L. Neu: English. J. E. Stullken, M. S.: Natural Sciences. G. F. Urbantke: Bookkeeping, Mathematics. E.W. Winkler, M.A.: History. E. W. Breihan. J. R. Nagle. L. R. Pietzsch, Jr. * * * BONHAM HIGH SCHOOL, BONHAM: E., H., M., L. I. W. Evans, Superintendent. J. L. Russell, Graduate S. H. N. I.: Mathematics, Science. H. P. Steger, B. A.: History, Latin. Miss F. Thomas, B. Lit.: English, History. Miss D . .A. Fewell. N. J . Marshall. P. S. White. * * * BOWIE HIGH SCHOOL, BOWIE: E., H ., M., L. Geo. H. Carpenter, Ph. B., Superintendent. H. T. Matthews, Graduate S. H. N. I., Principal. Miss J. Donald. * * * BRACKETT HIGH SCHOOL, BRACKETVILLE: E., H., M. A. H. Horn, M. A., Superintendent and Principal: Algebra, Bookkeeping, General History, Geometry, Latin, Physics. Miss M. Jones, l<'irst Assistant: Arithmetic, Civil Government, English Grammar, Physical Geography, Rhetoric, United States History. * * * BRENHAM HIGH SCHOOL, BRENHAM:. E., H., M., L., GER. E. W. Tarrant, A. B., A. M., Superintendent. E . .A. Pace, Principal: Mathematics, Science. Miss H. E. Jacobs, B. Lit.: Civics, History, Latin, Literature, Physiology. 0. R. Patzwald, B. Lit., Ph. B., A. M.: English, German, Latin. G. S. Wright. * * * BROWNWOOD HIGH SCHOOL, BROWNWOOD: E., H., M., L. W. S. Fleming, A. B., Superintendent: Latin. W. H. Buck, .A. B., Principal: Mathematics. Miss B. Bishop: History, Science. Miss B. Wallace: English. Miss Z. L. Tucker. * * * BRYAN HIGH SCHOOL, BRYAN: E., H ., M ., L. T. S. Minter, Superintendent. W. C. Davis, A. B., Principal: Algebra, English Literature, Geometry, Physics, Rhetoric. J. M. Oneal, L. I.: Algebra, Arithmetic, Literature, Physical Geography. Miss E. H. West, M. A.: English, General History, Latin. * * * CALVERT HIGH SCHOOL, CALVERT: E., H., M., L., C. I. N. Stephens, B. L., Superintendent: Latin. Miss G. Wilson, B. Lit., Principal: Mathematics, Science. Miss M. Pistole: English, History. Miss M. W. Durst. P. H. Thomas. Miss P. West. W. H. Gilson. lVIiss R. West. * * * CAMERON HIGH SCHOOL, CAMERON: E., H., M., L. Wm. J. Sims, B. S., Superintendent. J. F. O'Shea, Principal : History, Latin. J. K. Hooper: English, Science. R. W. Nowlin: Civics, Mathematics. L. W. Kemp. E. D. Phillips. F. F. Sampson. D. E. Monroe. C.H. Smith. * * * CLARKSVILLE HIGH SCHOOL, CLARKSVILLE: E., H., M., L. A. J. Street, B. S., Superintendent. W. L. Ross, B. A., Principal. Miss Vida Swift: Seventh and .1£ighth Grades. Miss M. M. Beadle. Miss F . A. Trilling. * * * CLEBURNE HIGH SCHOOL, CLEBURNE: E., H., M., L., GB. V. M. Fulton, B. S., Superintendent. R. G. Hall, A. B., Principal: History. Mrs. C. E. Bennett, B. L.: English. E. Brown, A. B.: German, Greek, Latin. W.W. Carroll. M. S.: Mathematics, Science. 0 . P. Easterwood. Miss C. Holeman. HI02.] The University Record. CORONAL INSTITUTE, SAN MARCOS: E., H ., M., L. John E. Pritchett, A. M., President: Ancient Languages, Modern Lan­guages, Philosophy. Miss C. Belvin: Expression. Mrs. L. Burleson, M. E. L.: English, History. F. Z. T. Jackson, A. M.: English, Mathematics. J. H. Reedy, A. M.: Mathematics, Science. Miss A. E. Williams: Art. Miss E. D. Bailey: Mandolin, Violin. Miss M. Harrison, M. E. L.: Music. Miss K. S. Hinde, A. M.: Music. Miss J . Wood, M. E. L.: Music. [Names of teachers in primary and preparatory departments not given.] H. H. Hardy. Miss M. McKenzie. * * * CORPUS CHRISTI HIGH SCHOOL, CORPUS CHRISTI: ..E., H., M., SP. C. W. Crossley, Superintendent:: Civics, History. l\L Menger, Principal: Mathematics, Science. Miss M. Carroll: Spanish. Miss R. Lee Cromwell, L. L, A. B.: English, Latin. C. F. K. Blucher. H. L. Borden . E. A. Lichtenstein. C. M. Blucher. Miss E. L. Hibbs. G. W. Smith. * * * CORSICANA ·HIGH SCHOOL, CORSICANA :. E., H., M., L. J. W. Cantwell, B. A., Superintendent. J. W. Smith, Principal: Mathematics. J. T. Gunn, A. M.: French, German. Miss J . Hall, A. B. : History. Miss M. McCleary: English. Miss M. McLeod: Latin. C. M. Woodward, C. E.: Science. R. P. Blanding. Miss B. Jackson. I. Martin. G. A. Duren. R. D. Johnson. E. L. Wilkerson. * * * DALLAS HIGH SCHOOL, DALLAS: E., H ., M ., L., GER. J. L. Long, Superintendent. J. Morgan, A. B.: Principal. R. A. Baker, B. S.: Science. Miss R. de Capree: English. G. C. Edwards, A. M.: [Subject not furnished.] T. B. Kendrick, A. B.: Latin. J. 0. Mahoney, A. M.: Mathematics. Miss S. Pappenhagen, A. B.: History. Miss F. E. Rowe, A. M.: [Subject not furnished.] E. C. Connor. M. R. Ferguson. Miss M. Leachman. R. Morgan, Jr. " " " Miss O. Nichols. G. W. Sergeant. DENISON filGH SCHOOL, DENISON: E., H., M., L. J. E. Blair, .13. S., Superintendent. D. S. Furman, B. A., Principal: Geometry, Latin. Miss I. Cartwright: History. F. B. Hughes, B. S.: Botany, Chemistry, Physical Geography, Physics. Miss C. Johnson : English. J. W. Pender, A. B.: Algebra, Arithmetic, Civics. :Miss Tony Braun. Miss M. M. Jarvis. H. C. Lallier. K. V. Gay. A. D. Robertson. " " " DENTON HIGH SCHOOL, DENTON : E., H., M., L. J. S. Carlisle, B. S., Superintendent. W. N. Masters, A. B., Principal: Latin, Mathematics, Science. M. L. Arnold, B. S.: English, Latin, Ma.thematics. W. M. Taylor, A. B.: English, History, Mathematics. R. E. McCormick. * " " DUBLIN HIGH SCHOOL, DUBLIN: E., H ., M., L. E. I. Hall, B. C. S., A. B., Superintendent: Science. W. J. Marr, A. B., Principal: History, Mathematics. Mrs. S. C. Lattimore: English, Latin. * * * EL PA.SO HIGH SCHOOL, EL PASO: E., H., M., L. G. P. Putnam, Superintendent. W. T. Boyd, B. A.: Latin. Miss M. Falvey, B. S.: History. Miss A. Hunter, L. I.: Mathematics. Miss J. Lyons, B. A.: English. Miss 0. Pool, B. S.: Assistant in Science. H. P. Reynolds, B. S.: Ma.thematics, Science. 1V02.] The Univeraity Record. Miss E. Wallace, M.A.: Spanish. Miss M. White, Graduate S. H. N. I.: Assistant in English. Miss C. C. Brahm. L. H. Hubbard. Miss I. Kelly. Miss A. Jones. * * * ENNIS HIGH SCHOOL, ENNIS: E., H., M., L. H. F. Triplett, B. S., A. B., Superintendent. W. G. Reeves, A. B., Principal. Miss M. Loggins, Graduate S. H. N. I.: English, History. G. G. Edwards. * * * FERRIS INSTITUTE, FERRIS.: E., H ., M., L. A. C. Speer, President: Moral Philosophy, Natural Science, Psychology. W. Speer: Mathematics. Miss Z. Douglas: Civics, Assistant in History. D. E. Moor: German, Latin. Miss L. Stephens: English, History. E. C. Malloy. L. McKay. * * FLATONIA HIGH SCHOOL, FLATONIA: E., H., M. D. C. Lake, M. A., Superintendent. Miss I. Williamson, Principal. * * * FORNEY HIGH SCHOOL, FORNEY: E., H., M., L. C. F. Walker, Superintendent. Names of teachers not furnished. * * * FORT WORTH HIGH SCHOOL, FORT WORTH: E., H., M., L. A. Hogg, M. A., Superintendent. W. D. Williams, B. S., Principal: Mathematics, Physics. Miss E. R. Boaz, Assistant: Mathematics. Miss L. Clayton: Latin. W. W. Daffron, B. S.: English, History. S. E. Frost, Diploma S. H. N. I.: Commercial Department. Miss M. W. Hall, Assistant: Latin, Science. Mrs. E. F. Hendricks, L. I., Assistant: Latin. Miss M. Malone, B. A., Assistant: English, Science. Miss M. L. Martin, Diploma S .H. N. I., Assistant: English, History. B. G. Oneal, L. I., B. L., Assistant: English. E. Parker, B. A.: Mathematics, Mechanical Drawing. Miss H. Peacock, Diploma North Texas Normal, Assistant: Mathematics, Science. C. F. Webb, B. P.: Science. KE. Bewley. * * * J. B. Hogsett. GAINESVILLE HIGH SCHOOL, GAINESVILLE: E., H., M., L., GER., SP. E. F. Comegys, A. B., A. M., Superintendent. John P. Glasgow, A. B., A. M., Principal: Mathematics, Science. Miss B. Baker: Eighth Grade. Miss M. J. Cox: Civics, English, History. L. C. Gee, A. M.: Latin Language and Literature. A. Gentzke: Modern Languages. Miss R. Parker: Eighth Grade. E. L. Gilcreest. W. C. Liedtke. Miss C. Yeidel. * * * GATESVILLE HIGH SCHOOL, GATESVILLE: E., H., M. B. B. Cobb, A. B., Superintendent: Languages. H. E. Thompson, A. B., Principal: Mathematics, Science. Miss M. McColloch, A. B.: English, History. J. Tankersley. * * * GONZALES HIGH SCHOOL, GONZALES: E., H., M., L., GER. T. L. Toland, B. Lit., A. B., Superintendent: History, Latin. J. W. Bagby, B. S.: Mathematics, Science. Miss Rozelle Nicholson, M. A.: Drawing, English. Miss Laura Reese, A. B.: German. Ii. H. Burchard. B. M. Miller. Miss E. Z. Rather. E. H. Jahn. J. H. Ranson. R. L. Rather. * * GRAYSON COLLEGE, WHITEWRIGHT: E., H., M., L., GR. F. E. Butler, A. M., Th. G., President: English. J. F. Anderson, A. M.: Higher Mathematics, Natural Science. N. E. Dupree: Military Drill. G. W. Earthman, A. M.: Commercial Department. J. F. Greer, A. M.: French, German. A. L. Groves, A. B.: Political and Social Science. Miss L. Lane, B. L.: Art. 1902.] The Univ.ersity Record. Miss C. Reeves, A. B., B. 0 .: Oratory. W. B. Rinker, A. M., Ph. D.: German, Philosophy. S. S. Stroup, A. B.: Greek, Assistant in Mathematics. E. L. Harp: Wind Instruments. Madame C. Lachs Lillebridge: Vocal Music. F. Lillebridge: Music. J.P. Luton. C. J. Parker. C. E. Perkins. Ji. P. McGrady. J. H. Thompson. * * * GREENVILLE HIGH SCHOOL, GREENVILLE: E., H ., M., L. J. H. Van Amburgh, M. S. D., Superintendent. E. R. Benedict, Principal: Mathematics. Miss J,. M. Adams, M. E. L.: English. J. W. Jennett: Latin. Miss M. Tanner: History. Miss D. Tipton, M. E. L., Assistant. W. C. Underwood, A. B., Assistant. H. C. Harris. Miss M. Williams. * * HEMPSTEAD HIGH SCHOOL, HEMPSTEAD: E., H., M. A. W. Kennard, A. B., Superintendent: Ninth Grade, Tenth Grade. W. P . Hays, A. B., A. M., Principal: Seventh Grade, Eighth Grade. A. C. Groce. * * * HENDERSON HIGH SCHOOL, HENDERSON: E., H., M. T. R. Day, B. S., Superintendent: History, Sciences. P. B. Bittle, B. S., Principal: Literature, Mathematics. Miss B. Baker, A. B.: Art, Drawing. J. C. Curry: Arithmetic, Commercial Branches. Miss L. Graves: English, Latin. Miss M. Wood: Music. E. W. Davis. Miss F. W. Harris. Miss L. J. McMurray. * HENRIETTA HIGH SCHOOL, HENRIETTA: E., H ., M. J. S. Holaday, Superintendent: Bookkeeping, History, Literature, Physics. Miss A. Mason, Principal: Latin, Mathematics. Mrs. Ida C. Ford: Second Year. Miss Mary Hanagan: First Year. A. T. Hampton. C. S. Howard. I. E. Wagner. HILLSBORO HIGH SCHOOL, ·HILLSBORO: E., H., :M. W. D. Butler, M.A., 8uperintendent: Algebra, English Literature. J. W. Williamson, Principal: English, History, Latin. Miss Bryan: English, Mathematics, Science. * * * HONEY GROVE HIGH SCHOOL, HONEY GROVE: E., H., M., L. F. M. Bralley, Superintendent. P. E. McDonald, L. I., B. A., Principal: Latin, Science. Miss L. Barlow, J.raduate S. H. N. I.: History, Literature, Mathematics. Miss S. B. Conyers, L. 1.: English, Mathematics. * * * HOUSTON HIGH SCHOOL, HOUSTON: E., H., M., L., GB. W. W. Barnett, B. S., Superintendent. W. G. Smiley, B. S., Principal: Arithmetic, Bookkeeping, Geometry, School Management. F. H. Albert, D. D.: Geometry, Latin. A. Belcher, A. M.: History. G. Duvernoy: German. T. Fletcher, .B. Lit.: Latin, Political Economy, Psychology. C. Folse: Algebra, Arithmetic, Civics. Mrs. C. Golibart: Literature, Rhetoric. R. A. Hall, L. I., A. B.: Chemistry, Physics. Miss H. Haskins: (.;ivies, English, History. G. M. Hernandez, LL. D.: Spanish. Miss G. Howard: Algebra, Civics, English. Miss E. Hull: Algebra, English. Miss E. Meldrum: Civics, English, History. Miss V. Pannell: Stenography. Miss S. Patillo: Algebra, Arithmetic, English. Miss C. Redwood: English. Miss M. Roper: Civics, English, History. H. N. Shofstall, M. A.: English, Latin. R. H. Smith, A. B.: Botany, Physiography, Physiology. Miss E. Winne: Algebra, Arithmetic, English. C. H. Amerman. W. P. Hamblen. L. C. Phelps. Miss E. J. Anderson. Miss F. M. Hogan. R. Porter. H. H. Ford. Miss J . B. Ideson. Miss E. Rawlings. C. S. Oliver. 1902.] The University .Record. HUNTSVILLE HIGH SCHOOL, HUNTSVILLE: E., H., M. R. R. Sebring, Superintendent: Ninth Grade, Tenth Grade. Miss M. Reid: 8eventh Grade, Eighth Grade. Miss C. Clark. W. P. Powell. Miss M. S. Wynne. * * INSTITUTE FOR THE BLIND, AUSTIN: E., H., M. H. L. Piner, A. M., ~uperintendent. W. R. Leonard, A. C. P., Principal: English, History, Mathematics ( Senior Grades) . W. B. Duncan, A. B.: English, History, Mathematics (Junior Grades). Mrs. W. B. Duncan, M. L.: English, History, Mathematics (Junior Grades). [Names of teachers of primary and intermediate departments not given.] R. M. Perrenot. * * * JOHN C. FRENCH HIGH SCHOOL, CUERO: E., H., M., L., GER. T. P . Junkin, A. B., Superintendent: Mathematics. L. G. Covey, Principal: History, Mathematics. Miss M. K. Henry: Directress Study Hall. Miss E. Holzapfel:. German. W. H. Powell, B. S.: English, Science. W. H. Thomas, B. Lit.: Latin, Science. Miss C. Brown. Miss M. E. Crouch. G. W. Kent. Miss A. A. Nolan. * * * KAUFMAN HIGH SCHOOL, KAUFMAN: E., H., M., L. C. J . Maxwell, B. A., Superintendent and Principal: History, Latin. M. N. Chrestman: Mathematics. Miss I. Gaston, L. I.: English. * * * LLANO HIGH SCHOOL, LLANO: E., H., M. 'l. M. Colston, Principal: Mathematics, Science. Miss N. Brown, B. Lit.: English, Latin. Miss A. C. Hill, B. "Lit.: Civics, History. R. A. Porter. 9-R LONGVIEW HIGH SCHOOL, LONGVIEW: E., H., M., L. E. F. Clanton, B. A., Superintendent: Latin, Mathematics. W. H. Wood, B. A., Principal: History, Science. Miss Mabel Brooks, M. A. : English. R. G. Brown. Miss P. B. Gans. * * * MARBLE FALLS ACADEMY, MARBLE FALLS: E., H ., M., L. W.W. Childers, B. S., Superintendent. Miss G. Burns, Principal: Latin and Literature. Miss Gertrude Sherman: English, History. * * MARLIN HIGH SCHOOL, MARLIN: E., H., M. C. P. Hudson, B. S., Superintendent: Latin, Physics. Miss M. Frank, L. I.: Latin, Mathematics. Miss J. Wright: English, History. Miss R. Battle. Miss Willie Davis. Miss 0 . Quaid. J. E. Quaid. * * * MARSHA.LL HIGH SCHOOL, MARSHALL: E., H., M., L., GEB., C., P., P. & H. W. H. Attebery, Superintendent. W. H. Brown, A. B., Principal:. Natural Sciences. Miss S. M. Griffith, Graduate Kansas State Normal: English, History. R. L. Moore, M. A.: Mathematics. A. L. Plummer, A. M.: Greek, Latin. H. T. Fletcher. Miss A. Keller. F. J. D. Starr. * * * X'GBEGOB HIGH SCHOOL, M'GBEGOB: E., H., M., L. H. T. Clark, A. M., Superintendent: Latin. R. W. Haynie, =· M., Principal: History, Mathematics. Miss L. Suggs: English, Science. A. C. Amsler. W. L. McWilliams. 1902.] The University Record. MEXIA HIGH SCHOOL, MEXIA: E., H., M., L. R. B. Cousins, B. A., Superintendent: Mathematics. J. W. Reid, B. A., Principal: Science. E. A. Duke, B. A.: English. Miss L. Weaver, M. A.: History, Latin. C. T. Harris. J. L. Hinchliffe. G. Ross. * * MINEOLA HIGH SCHOOL, MINEOLA: E., H ., M., L., GB. B. A. Stafford, M. A., Superintendent: Greek, Latin. J. F. McDonald, Principal: Mathematics. M. H. Landers: History. Miss E. M. Sodekson. * * * ;MRS. MULHOLLAND'S SCHOOL FOB GIRLS, SAN ANTONIO: E., H., M., L. Mrs. Cora R. Mulholland, Principal: French, Literature. Miss A. M. Lister, £1. A.: English Composition, History, Literature. Miss E. Morey, B. A.: Greek, Latin. Miss B. G. Young, B. A.: Mathematics, Sciences. Miss E. D. Brown. Miss K. A. Searcy. * * NAVASOTA HIGH SCHOOL, NAVASOTA: E., H., M., L. B. H. Brown, A. B., Superintendent: Latin. W. B. Bizzell, B. S., B. L., Principal: History, Mathematics, Science. Miss V. Walthall: English, History. * * * OAK CLIFF HIGH SCHOOL, OAK CLIFF: E., H., JI[. W. H. Adamson, Superintendent. T. E. Peters, M. A., Principal: Latin, Mathematics. J. F. Peeler, B. F.: English, History. S. D. Stennis: Science. S. Bonner. D. W. Summerfield. J,. Wharton. Miss E. Walden. .. * * ORANGE HIGH SCHOOL, ORANGE: E., H., M. S. B. Foster, A. M., Superintendent: American Government, Astronomy, English Literature, Latin, Plane Geometry. [Tenth Grade.] W. T. Pollard, Graduate S. H. N. I., Principal: Algebra, Arithmetic, Book­keeping, Civil Government, English Grammar, English History, Gen­eral History, Latin, Physical Geography, Physics, Rhetoric. [Eighth Grade, Ninth Grade.] Miss K. Brown: Drawing. Miss K. Pettey. * * PALESTINE HIGH SCHOOL, PALESTINE: E., H., M., L. W. F. Wilson, B. S., A. M., Superintendent and Principal: Mathematics. N. R. Crozier, A. B., Assistant Principal: History, Latin. M. C. Amos, A. B., Ph. B.: English, French, German. E. P. Gains: Mathematics, Science. Miss A. J. Gardner. Miss H. E. Hewitt. R. A. Richie. Miss c. Gardner. D. s. H. Howard. J. L. Robinson. Miss E. H. Hearne. Miss L. C. Lake. Miss M. W. Stedman. Miss. H. L. Malloy. * * * PARIS HIGH SCHOOL, PARIS: E., H., M., L. J. G. Wooten, Superintendent. J. P. Downer, A. B., Principal: Mathematics, Physics. F. B. Barry, B. A.: Greek, Latin, Mathematics. Miss M. Canfield, B. A.: German, Latin, Spanish. Miss N. Fort, B. A.: English, Mathematicsfi Science. Mrs. N. P. Jackson: History. Miss A. D. Johns: English. Miss L. Nowlin, A. M.: French, Science. Mrs. K. Scott: English. Miss S. Seckel: English, Mathematics. Miss M. Felts. Miss M. V. Howard. Miss C. McCrummen. Miss E. S. Leavell. * * * PATTON SEMINARY, OAK CLIFF: E ., H ., M., L. A. S. Laird, A. M., President: Mathematics. Miss G. Cover, B. A.: Literature. Miss K. Duncan: English. Miss K. Hotz, A. B.: French, German, Latin. Miss N. Warder: History, Natural Sciences. 1902.l The University Record. PLANO HIGH SCHOOL, PLANO: E., H., M., L. J. T. Johnson, L. I., A. B., Superintendent: Mathematics. J. R. Dickerson, L. I., Principal: English, History. T. C. Tucker, B. S.: Latin, Science. * * • PORT LAVACA HIGH SCHOOL, PORT LAVACA: E., H,, M., L. W. F. Hollamon, B. A., Superintendent. T. W. Parker, J:>rincipal. * * * QUANAH HIGH SCHOOL, QUANAH: E., H., M., L. K. A. Berry, A. B., Superintendent: Latin. W. B. Quigley, B. S., Principal: Mathematics, Science. W. H. Grimm: English, History. M. Standlee. * * • ROCKDALE HIGH SCHOOL, ROCKDALE: E., H., M. J. W. Cark, duperintendent. Miss Zelda Branch, Principal. Miss A. Lockett. Miss G. McKnight. * * • SAN ANGELO HIGH SCHOOL, SAN ANGELO: E., H., M., L., C., P. J. S. Abbott, A . .B., B. S., Superintendent: Mathematics. Miss M. E. Murphy, Principal: History. Miss A. Dobbs: English, Science. Miss E. Robinson, A. B.: English, Latin. 0. L. Sims. • * * SAN ANTONIO ACADEMY, SAN ANTONIO: E., H., M., L., GR. W. B. Seeley, A. M., Pb. D., Principal: Classics, Mathematics. M. M. Garcia, A. M.: Latin, Modern Languages. F. L. Morrow, A. M.: English, History. R. J. Potts, A. B.: English, Mathematics. W. F . Bonner. H. G. Henne. S. S. Searcy. Miss L. B. Campbell. H. Hertzberg. C. H. Terrell. SAN ANTONIO HIGH SCHOOL, SAN ANTONIO: E., H., M., L., GB. L. E. Wolfe, Superintendent. C. J. Lukin, Principal: Mathematics. B. Boezinger, A. B.: German. W. L. Bringhurst, Ph. D.: Greek, Latin. Miss N. Dawson: Assistant in tlistory and in Latin. Miss A. Jones: Assistant in Mathematics. B. Mackensen, B. S.: Science. Miss Perez: Spanish. C. Pessels, Ph. D.: English. Miss E. Rait: Assistant in English. Miss S. C. Scofield, A. B.: History. Miss M. L. Cade. Miss L. W. Hummel. Miss E. Maverick. A. Deussen. Miss G. Johnston. Miss G. E. Morga:i... Miss F. Devine. Miss W. Kingsley. Miss C. Pfeiffer. Miss H. 0. Devine. Miss G. K. Lippelt. Miss H. Raley. Miss J . B. Ellis. Miss M. F. Maas. Miss G. Rochs. Miss E. Hebgen. L. W. Welker. * * * SAN SABA HIGH SCHOOL, SAN SABA: E., H., M. G. H. Hagan, B. S., M. A., Superintendent: Mathematics, Science. I. L. Massey, M. A., Principal: English, History. N. C. Walker. * * * SEGUIN HIGII SCHOOL, SEGUIN: E., H., M. A. N. McC:allum, B. A., Superintendent: Geometry (Plane and Solid), Latin, Plane Trigonometry. A. J. Cook, B. S., Principal: Algebra, Arithmetic, Geometry. M. Ruppel: German, History. Miss S. Willeford: English, History, Literature. F. S. S. Dibrell. J. B. Dibrell, Jr. Miss M. A. Schultz. * * * SHERMAN HIGH SCHOOL, SHERMAN: E., H., M., L. P. W. Horn, M. A., Superintendent. B. W. Glasgow, A. B., Principal: English, Latin. Miss Mary Crutchfield, M. E. L.: History. 1902.J The University Record. Miss Elizabeth .L)ulin: Science. Miss Virginia Tomlinson, A. B.: Mathematics. G. C. Klein. W. J. Moyes. B. Vinson. C. Moore. R. M. Rainey. R. 0. Whit.eaker. Miss L. M. Saul. * * * SUMMER HILL SELECT SCHOOL, OMEN: E., H., M., L. Rev. N. Smylie, A. ".1., Principal. R. M. Gannon: High School Department. G. Hill: Commercial Department. Miss Holmes: i\llusical Department. [Names of teachers in primary and intermediate departments not given.] S. P. Floore. W. B. Mobley. * * * TAYLOR HIGH SCHOOL, TAYLOR: E., H., M., L. W. M. Williams, Superintendent. R. E. L. Henry, B. S., L. I., Principal: Latin, Science. Miss C. McDaniel, A. B.: Mathematics. Miss 0. Root, A. M. :. English, History. * * * TEMPLE HIGH SCHOOL, TEMPLE: E., H., M., L. James E. Binkley, Superintendent. H. Sims, B. A., Principal: Mathematics. J. T. Baker, B. Lit., M. S.: History, Science. F. C. A. Lehmberg, B. A.: German, Latin. Mrs. M. C. Vandiver: English. L. W. Anderson. W. A. Backstrom. W. Stephens. T. C. Hall. * * * TERRELL HIGH SCHOOL, TERRELL: E., H., M., L. S. M. N. Marrs, B. S., Superintendent. J. S. Bagwell, A. B., Principal: Mathematics. R. D. Bryan, Graduate S. H. N. I.: History. E. Y. Horn: English. S. D. Irvine: Latin. Miss C. McDonald, B. S.: Science. F. E. Lumpkin. TEXARKANA HIGH SCHOOL, TEXABKANA: E., H., M. W. Owens, Ph. B., Superintendent. !\iiss .Adma Green: History, Latin, Mathematics. lliiss .Adine Vaughan: Latin, Mathematics. Miss Dot Williams: English, History. * * * TEXAS FEMALE SEMINARY, WEATHERFORD: E., H., M., L. Miss Emma E. McClure, .A. M., President: Bible Study, History. Miss E. Alexander, A. B.: English, French, German. Mrs. B. B. McClanahan: Greek, Latin. Miss K. McNeil!, A. B. : Mathematics, Science. [Names of teachers in preparatory department not given.] * * * THOMAS ABNOLD HIGH SCHOOL, SALADO: E., H., M., L., GR. S. J. Jones, A. M., Ph. D., Principal: Greek, Latin. M. C. Quillian, M. A.: Mathematics, Science. Miss K. E. White: English, History. .A. A. Cother. A. W. MoursuC. M. Porter. nd. C. W. Ramsdell. C. 0. Smith. C. E. Witt. E. E. Witt. M. K. Witt. * * * TROY HIGH SCHOOL, KERRVILLE: E., H., M. W. T. Noblitt, B. S., C. E., Ph. B., Superintendent. Miss H. Carr. Miss E. Farquhar, Graduate S. H. N. I. Miss A. Fulton, Graduate Louisiana State Normal. Miss K. Goodman, Graduate S. H. N. I. Mrs. H. M. Knox. Miss G. d'Bannon, Graduate S. H. N. I. Miss E. Rees. W.W. Vann. * * * TROUPE HIGH SCHOOL, TROUPE: E., H., M. M. M. Dupre, B. S., C. E., Superintendent: Mathematics. W. R. Cochran, A. B., Principal: Languages. A. M. Smith, A. B.: History, Science. J. H. Jones. F. Tipton. TYLER !UGH SCHOOL, TYLER: E., H., M., L. J. L. Henderson, B. A., Superintendent. W. T. Adams, Graduate S. H. N. I., Principal: Mathematics. Miss L. Douglas, Graduate Peabody Normal: History. W. S. Kennard,* B. A.: Latin. Miss A. Kuyser, Graduate S. H. N. I.: English. T. D. Bonner. S. P. Burke. G. 0. Clough. * * • B. Meyer. Miss B. C. Rosenfield. UNIVERSITY PREPARATORY SCHOOL, AUSTIN : E., H ., M., FR., GER. Miss L. Carrington, B. Lit., Principal. Miss Grace Harrison, B. Lit. Miss Florence Lewis, M. A. L. D. Brown. Miss M. E. English. Miss A. C. Koch. Miss A. Proctor. * * * VERNON HIGH SCHOOL, VERNON: E., H ., M. J. C. Smith, A .B., Superintendent. J. A. Kooken, Principal. T. H. Shelby. * * * VICTORIA HIGH SCHOOL, VICTORIA: E., H., :M., B., C., P., P. & H. F. E. Smith, B. S., M. S., Superintendent: Science. Miss L. Brunet, B. Lit., M. A.: Latin. J. B. Hamilton, B. A.: History, Mathematics. G. Thomas, B. Lit.: English, History. Miss C. Holt. * * * WACO HIGH SCHOOL, WACO: E., H ., M., L. J. C. Lattimore, C. E., M. S.: Superintendent. W. E. Darden, A. "d:., Principal: Economics, Latin, Psychology. Miss Edmond: Science. C. C. Foster, A. B.: Mathematics. Mrs. W. D. House, A. M. :: History. *Deceased. J. W. Maxwell, A. :S., Assistant: English, Mathematics. Miss M. Segner : English. Miss M. E. Corley. A. T. Moore. D. M. Prendergast. Miss R. Edmond. Miss F. K. Prather. E. G. Robinson. L. W. Forsgard. Miss G. Prather. Miss E. W. Trawick. H. M. Hargrove. W. L. Prather, Jr. A. F. Weisberg. Miss M. Lambdin. Miss E. R. White. * * * WALL SCHOOL, HONEY GROVE: E., H., M., L., GB. S. V. Wall, President. J. L. Sheppard, Jr. D. P. Wall. S. L. Ware. M. H. Wall. * * * WAXAHACHIE HIGH SCHOOL, WAXAHACHIE: E., H., M. W. L. Acker, B. A., Ph. B., Superintendent: Latin. G. B. Winn, Graduate S. H. N. I., Principal: Science. P. J . Herndon: Mathematics. R. H. Scobey, A. B.: English, History. T. C. Cole. A. 0 . Singleton. H. E. Trippett. M. C. Erwin. Miss G. E. Tingle. R. G. Watson. * * * WEATHERFORD HIGH SCHOOL, WEATHERFORD: E., H., M., L. H. G. Reed, .A. B., Superintendent: History. T. W. Stanley, Principal: Mathematics. Miss Lulu Hines: English. Miss Vesta Putman: Latin. Miss Alpha Rasor: Science. G. E. McCall. * * * WEST TEXAS MILITARY ACADEMY, SAN ANTONIO: E., H., M., L. Rev. H. W. Starr, B. A., M. A., Head Master:· Advanced English, .Ad­vanced History. Rev. M. G. Johnston: Sacred Studies. J. F. Howard, B. A. : Algebra, Chemistry, Geometry. J . T. Williams: Bookkeeping, Penmanship. A. M. Blackman, B. .A. : Algebra, Arithmetic. G. G. Sheerin: Greek, Latin. B. B. Hogue: English, History. H. M. T. Pearce: Arithmetic, Geography, Physical Culture, Physical Geography. C. S. Hosmer, B. A.: Modern Languages. Col. C. C. Cresson, Commandant: Military 8cience. [Names of primary and music teachers not given.] A. Baer. R. R. Foster. C. J. Nibbi. L.A. Baer. G. S. Newell. G. P. Walker. C. L. Boothe. J.E. Wiley. * * * WHITIS AVENUE SCHOOL, AUSTIN: E., H., M., L. Miss Mary.Whitis, Principal: Algebra, English. Miss Gertrude Whitis, B. Lit., Principal: Geometry. Miss L. E. Fay, M. A.: French, Greek, Latin. Miss M. Holliday, M. S.: German, Physiography, Physiology and Hygiene. Miss F. P . Waggener, B. S.: History. J . B. Armstrong, Jr. T. J. Caldwell. Miss A. W. Simonds. F. T. Arnold. Miss G. Hill. J.M. Smith. Miss M. E. Brackenridge. Miss E. Jones. Miss M. M. Smith. Miss F. M. Brown. Miss C. E. Littlefield. Miss H. W. Thornton. Miss M. G. Burroughs. Miss J. Oliphant. Miss A. C. Townes. C. W. Peacock. * * * WICHITA FALLS HIGH SCHOOL, WICHITA FALLS: E., H., M. W. F. Jourdan, B. D., Superintendent: History, Latin. C. H. Letzerich, B. L., Principal: History, Latin, Literature, Mathemat­ ics, Science. Miss M. Hawk, Assistant Principal: Eighth Grade, Ninth Grade. R. M. Darnell. Miss A. B. Hatchitt. Miss V. V. Rainey. * * * YOAKUM HIGH SCHOOL, YOAKUM: E., H., M. J. J. Kilpatrick, A. B., A. M., Superintendent: Psychology. W. W. Clement, Principal: Mathematics. Miss M. Boyd, A. B.: English. F . .!!.. Daniel: History, Latin. Miss A. L. Heuermann. STUDENTS' ASSOCIATION. W. T. Bartholomew, President. J. E. Hackett, Vice-President. W. F. Martin, Secretary-Treasurer. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. Academic Department. E. G. Callaway. C. W. Ramsdell. A. F. Weisberg. G.D. Hunt. W. 0. Wright. LOIW Department. Edwin Dabney. W. L . Prather, Jr. A. T. Russell. A. M. Frazier. S. S. Searcy. Engineering Department. C. T. Harris. W. F. Martin. T. J. Palm. F. Z. Lee. W. W. Vann. THE WOMEN STUDENTS' ASSOCIATION. Miss Margaret Holliday, President. Miss Ethel Rather and Miss Susie Hammond, Vice-Presidents. Miss Julia ldeson, Secretary. Miss Ethel Oliphint, Treasurer. EXECUTIVE BOABD. The above officers. ADVISORY BOABD. GTaduates. Miss H. V. Whitten. Miss M. A. Austin. Seniors. Miss H. 0. Devine. Miss M. Fiegel. Juniors. Miss M. C. McCombs. Miss A. Harrison. Sophomores. Miss F. E. Bartholomew. Miss C. Shipe. Freshmen. Miss G. E. Tingle. Miss C. Holt. FACULTY COMMITTEE. Mrs. H. M. Kirby. Miss L. M. Casis. Miss R. F. Lavender. 1902.] The University Record. CLASS OFFICERS. ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. Senior Class. Richard Morgan, President. Miss Gretchen Rochs, Secretary. Miss H. 0. Devine, Vice,President. Robert Knox, Treasurer. Junior Class. F. D. Russell, President. Miss Nellie Summerfield, Secretary. Miss Julia Ideson, Vice-President. R. E. McCormick, Treasurer. Sophomore Class. D. M. Prendergast, President. Miss Kittie Searcy, Secretary. Miss M. L. Cade, Vice-President. J. S. French, Treasurer. Freshman Class. H. M. Henshaw, President. Miss M. W. Stelman, Secretary. Miss Nora Hummel, Vice-President. G. C. Klein, Treasurer. LAW DEPARTMENT. Senior Class. Clyde F. Elkins, President. W. L. Wise, Secretary. Henry Bishop, Vice-President. J. W. Dean, Treasurer. Junior Class. Dexter Hamilton, President. S. S. Searcy, Vice-President. Charles Oliver, Secretary-Treasurer. ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT. M. C. Welborn, Vice-President. S. P. Floore, Secretary. W. W. Vann, President. B. M. Haberer, Treasurer. LITERARY SOCIETIES. ATHENAEUM. W. C. Liedtke, President. C. T. Paul, Secretary. R. Morgan, Vice-President. J. M. Burford, Treasurer. C. W. Ramsdell, Sergeant-at-Arms. S. Bonner, Critic. C. H. Anderson. S. Bell. J. R. Cannon. L. W. Anderson. W. F. Buckley. M. S. Cavitt. J. J. Averitte. J. M. Burford. L. C. Christian. K. C. Barkley. A. S. Blankenship. W. A. Cocke. W. T. Bartholomew. S. Bonner. J. B. Dibrell. C. G. Beckham. E. G. Callaway. A. Deussen. J. F. Gamble. W. S. Moore. E. Sauer. W. B. Gibson. R. Morgan. C. 0. Smith. C. B. Giles. C. T.Paul. 0. Smith. R. Golden. H. Hertzberg. C. M. Porter. Vv. L. Prather, Jr. G. W. Sergeant. A. P. Stramler. T. C. Hutchins. B. H. Powell. M. K. Witt. W. C. Liedtke. C. W. Ramsdell. W. 0. Wright. W. P. McGinnis. T. M. Rector. U. C. Wright. J. T. Mcintosh. J. H. Rose. BUSK. A. T. Russell, President. I. J. Curtsinger, Treasurer. A. B. Carter, Vice-President. N. E. Reed, Recording Secretary. M. H. Milliken, Critic. C. Lawrence, Cor. Secretary. H. A. Stanley, Assistant Critic. I. W. Lawhon, Sergeant-at-Arms. M. S. Ada.ms. H. H. Davidson. E.W. Potter. B. Brooks. H. R. Fitzpatrick. J. E. Quaid. E. M. Baker. M. 0. Flowers. R. M. Rainey. H. C. Bardin. D. A. :nank. C. D. Ramsey. J. J. Bishop. G. Gordon. N. E. Reed. A. P. Barrett. J. W. Hancock. Frank Rigby. E. M. Batson. J. E. Hackett. L. C. Robertson. C. B. Britt. J . B. Hatchitt. A. T. Russell. W. W. Campbell. R. A. Hefner. M. B. Rutherford. A. B. Carter. E. H. Hill. J. C. Romberg. A. B. Childs. W. W. Holland. J. L. Sheppard, Jr. J. L. Cook. C. Hartman. J. A. Simpson. W. L. Cook. D. Hamilton. W. D. Smith. J. F. Cox. C. B. Johnson. H. A. Stanley. E. D. Criddle. J. H. Keen. C. F. Scott. C. Cunningham. J. H. King. H. Trippet. J.M. Curd. J . R. Kubala. W. J. True. J. Curtsinger. C. Lawrence. W. C. Vernon. A. D. Dabney. F. E. Lumpkins. J. E. Watkins. E. W. Dabney. J. P. Luton. A. F. Weisberg. J . F. Dabney. J. P. Marrs. G. P. Willis. I. W .Davis. H. Y. May. C. F. Winn. W. E. Davis. M. H. Milliken. W. L. Wise. D. D. Dodson. .I<'. G. Moffett. W. F. Young. J. H. Dreesen. G. A. Odom. D. M. Dickerson. \Y. L. Pope. ASHBEL. Miss Margaret Holliday, President. Miss Octavia Nichols, Secretary. Miss Olatia Crane, Vice-President. Miss Alma Jones, Treasurer. Miss E. Aden. Miss 0. Crane. Miss E. Greer. Miss F. Bartholomew. Miss H. Devine. Miss L. Greer. Miss A. J. Gardner. Miss A. Jones. Miss K. Petty. Miss G. Hill. Miss E. Leavell. Miss H. Raley. Miss M. Holliday. Miss 0. Nichols. Miss V. Rice. Miss F. W. Harris. Miss E. Oliphint. Miss G. Rocha. Miss A .Harrison. Miss F. Prather. Miss A. Rucker. Miss J. Ideson. Miss G. Prather. Miss H. Simkins. SIDNEY LANIER. Miss Susie Hammond, President. Miss Mora McCombs, Secretary. Miss Maud Shipe, Vice-President. Miss Edna Anderson, Treasurer. Miss E. Anderson. Miss M. Fiegel. Miss A. Megee. Miss M. Austin. Miss A. Hubbard. Miss G. Morgan. MMiss E. Baker. Miss A. Koch. Miss C. A. Shipe. Miss E. D. Brown. Miss Kate Lockhart. Miss M. M. Shipe. Miss F. Brown. Miss M. McCombs. Miss H. V. Whitten. ORATORICAL ASSOCIATION. J . J. Averitte, President. J. W. Curd, Vice-President. J. E. Quaid, Secretary-Treasurer. DEBATING COUNCIL. Faculty Members. E. D. Shurter. Y. Lewis. H. E. Bolton. J. C. Townes. F. W. Simonds. Athenaeum Representatives. J. B. Dibrell, Jr. W. S. Moore. J. ,J. Averitte. Rusk Representatives. A. F. Weisberg. J. B. Hatchitt. J. E. Hackett. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. Robert Knox, President. L. W. Welker, Cor. Secretary. Richard Morgan, Vice-President. G. C. F. Butte, Recording Secretary. C. J. Howard, Treasurer. M. Akazawa. Shearon Bonner. D. A. Frank. A. R. Arledge. G. C. F. Butte. W. H. Gaines. J. J. Averitte. W. L. Cook. L. P. Garrett. H. Bardin. Geo. D. Clough. W. P. Hargrove. Spurgeon Bell. E.W. Davis. C. G. Hartman. A. S. Blankenship. H. H. Davidson. W. Brooks Hicks. C. M. v. Blucher. John B. Dodson. C. J . Howard. C. F. K. v. Blucher. L. W. Forsgard. G. C. Kindley. C. D. King, Jr. A. Pool. W. D. Smith. Robert Knox. W. S. Pope. W. G. Smith. Marcellus Kleberg. E. W. Potter. H. A. Stanley. H. F. h.uehne. B. H. Powell. R. M. Stocking. J. M. Kuehne. W. L. Prather, Jr. F. M. Thompson. Claude Lawrence. J. E. Quaid. W. C. Vernon. William Longino. R. M. Rainey. D. P. Wall. W. F. Martin. G. Ramsey. M. H. Wall. A. T. Moore. J. R. Reynolds. L. W. Welker. Richard Morgan, Jr. G. Ross. H. K. Williams. J. P. Murray. F. Shelby. C. II. Winkler. L. N. Parrish. J. L. Sinclair. G. F. Witt. (;. T. Paul. C. 0. Smith. S. H. Worrell. YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. Miss E. Z. Rather, President. Miss H. V. Whitten, Vice-President. Mrs. C. D. Rice, Secretary and Treasurer.. Miss J. Andrews. Miss F. Hogan. Miss F. Murdoch. Miss E. Anderson. Miss E. Hebgen. Miss E. Oliphint. Miss M. Austin. Miss E. Hibbs. Miss M. L. Prather. Miss Eunice Aden. Miss H. Hornsby. Miss 0. Quaid. Miss L. Bailey. Miss C. Holeman. Miss E. Rather. Miss M. Beadle. Miss A. Hill. Miss H. Raley. Miss M. Decherd. Miss M. Jones. Mrs. C. D. Rice. Miss M. Ethridge. Miss K. Jenkins. Miss H. Smyther. Miss J. English. Miss A. Koch. Miss Emma Snow. Miss L. Fay. Miss R. Lavender. Miss N. Summerfield. Miss M. Fiegel. Miss K. Lockhart. Miss M. Smith. Miss M. Holliday. Miss M. Lockett. Miss M. Shipe. Miss Eula Hill. Miss L. Miller. Miss G. Tingle. Miss M. Howard. Miss S. Miller. Miss H. Whitten. ATHLETIC ORGANIZATION&. ATHLETIC COUNCIL. Faculty Members. A. C. Ellis. J. C. Townes. H. Y. Benedict. Alumni Members. J. W. Brady. C. H. Miller. W. H. Richardson, Jr. Student Members. J. J. Averitte. R. G. Watson. R. C. Pantermuehl. ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION. M. 0 . Flowers, President. J. J. Samuell, Vice-President. W. G. McGinnis, Secretary. FOOTBALL TEAM. I. V. Duncan, Captain. J. B. Hart, Coach. G. D. Hunt, Manager. A. M. Frazier, Left Tackle. L. H. Hubbard, Right End. I. V. Duncan, Left End. J. B. Hatchett, Right End. N. J. Marshall, Left Guard. S. G. Newton, Right End. J. R. Swenson, Left Guard. Randon Porter, Quarter Back. S. M. Adoa.ms, Center Rush. George Maverick, Quarter Back. D. J. Harrison, Center Rush. R. G. Watson, Right Half Back. J. F. Easter, Right Guard. E. E. Bewley, Left Half Back. H. L. Powell, Right Guard. Edward Crane, Left Half Back. C. Huggins, Right Tackle. J. A. Jackson, Full Back. Adrian Moore, Full Back. MUSICAL ORGANIZATIONS. GLEE CLUB. Officers. H. M. Hargrove, President. Dr. D. A. Penick, Director. L. W. Welker, Secretary. Lewis Johnson, Business Manager. Program Committee. Dr. D. A. Penick. H. M. Hargrove. F. D. Russell. First 'l'enor. E . Cage. C. E. Perkins. C. G. Smith. W. T. Lee. R. V. Solomon. Second Tenor. W. W. Camp. H. M. Henshaw. J . L. Sheppard. S. D. Grant. G. W. Kent. D. P. Wall. G. T. Ham. J . P. Luton. IL M. Wall. H. M. Hargrove. R A. Porter. L. W. Welker. First Bass. W . Ammerman. J. R. Golden. J. L. Sinclair. G. C. F'. Butte. R. C. Pantermuehl. W. D. Smith. M. R. Ferguson. F. D. Russell. Second Bass. A. U. Amsler. M. 0. Flowers. W. S. Moore. J. R. Cannon. J_,ewis Johnson. W. L. Prather, Jr. R. A. Richey. 10--R BAND. Dr. H. E. Baxter, Director. Dr. K P. Shoch, Leader. Walker Stephens, Business Manager. A. L. Calhoun, Secretary and Librarian. Cornets: Dr. H. E. Baxter, Walker Stephens, C. F. K. Blucher. Clarinets: Clarence Moore, Dr. E. P. Schoch. Trumpets: C. J. Howard, R. V. Solomon. Melophones: G. C. Butte, M. C. Erwin, J. L. Sinclair. Trombones: H. M. Crighton, W.R. Gillette, J. L. Sheppard. Baritone: J. L. Dofilemeyer. Tuba: Lewis Johnson. Drums: A. L. Calhoun, F. E. Lumpkin. STUDENT PUBLICATIONS. THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS LITERABY MAGAZINE. S. R. Ashby, Editor-in-Chief. Miss Helen Raley, Assistant ~ditor-in-Chief. Miss Fannie Prather, Exchange Editor. J. B. Hatchitt, Business Manager. Associate Editors. G. C. Embry. Miss Julia Ideson. Shearon Bonner. J. L. Sinclair. William Longino. Miss Mora Mccombs. THE CACTUS. Roy Bedichek, Editor-in-Chief. Associate Editors. William Longino. Rembert Watson. J. L. Sinclair. J. R. Swenson. Cleveland Sewall. Miss Gretchen Rochs. Shearon Bonner. E. C. Conner. Miss F. Bartholomew. A. F. Weisberg. Miss Helen Devine. THE TEXAN. Alex Deussen, Editor-in-Chief. Reporters. A. F. Weisberg. E. A. Palmer. L. Johnson. Miss Gretchen Rochs. Business Managers. S. S. Wright. J.M. Newsome. THE UNIVERSITY CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY. [Organized 1896.) Professor W. J. Battle, President. C. W. Ramsdell, Vice-President. R. Morgan, Secretary. Professor H. Y. Benedict, Treasurer. Directors. Professors W. J . Battle, F. W. Simonds and H. Y. Benedict, Faculty Com­mittee on Book Store. C. W. Ramsdell, University at large. L. W. Parrish, Academic '06. R. Morgan, Academic '03. D. A. Frank, Law '03. N. J. Marshall, Academic '04. F. S. Murphey, Law '04. A. Pope, Academic '05. W. F. Martin, Engineering Dept. UNIVERSITY HALL ASSOCIATION. M. 0. Flowers, President. Adrian Pool, Secret11:ry. Eroecutive Committee. A. Pool. Hugh Bardin. J . B. Hatchitt. Lewis Johnson. J . J. Averitte. Edwin Dabney. W. 0. Wright. W. S. Moore. ENGINEERS' CLUB. E. C. H. Bantel, President. W. 0. Washington, Secretary. Lawrence Hill, Vice-President. T. J . Palm, Treasurer. ENGINEERS' EXCHANGE. W. 0. Washington, President. W. W. Vann, Treasurer. T. J . Palm, Secretary. W. F. Martin, Clerk. FRATERNITIES. PHI DELTA THETA. Texas Beta Chapter. [Established 1883.] Faculty Members. E. C. Barker. Morgan Callaway, Jr. A. L. Eno. J . A. Lomax. The University Record. [December, E. M. Baker. R. Bedichek. I. V. Duncan.